Dynamic Measurement Period for Wireless Communication in High-Speed Mode

Abstract

This application relates to devices and components, including apparatuses, systems, and methods for performing measurements on reference signals or synchronization signals. In one example, the timing requirements for performing such measurements can be dynamically changed based at least on the measurement of one of the reference signal or the synchronization signal.

Description

[0001] The fifth generation mobile network (5G) is a wireless standard aimed at improving data transmission speed, reliability, availability, etc. Although still under development, the standard includes many details related to wireless communication of user equipment (UE) in high-speed modes (such as when the user equipment is in a train moving at high speed along a railway). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Figure 1 An example of a network environment according to some embodiments is shown.

[0003] Figure 2 An example of the high-speed mode of user equipment (UE) according to some embodiments is shown.

[0004] Figure 3 An example of the timing requirements for measurements performed on a UE operating in high-speed mode according to some embodiments is shown.

[0005] Figure 4 An example of the signaling between a UE and a base station regarding a dynamic measurement period according to some embodiments is shown.

[0006] Figure 5 An example of an operation flow / algorithm structure for performing measurements based on a dynamic measurement period according to some embodiments is shown.

[0007] Figure 6 An example of an operation flow / algorithm structure for determining an updated measurement period using measurement conditions according to some embodiments is shown.

[0008] Figure 7 An example of a receiving component according to some embodiments is shown.

[0009] Figure 8 An example of a UE according to some embodiments is shown.

[0010] Figure 9 An example of a base station according to some embodiments is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following detailed description relates to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of illustration and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, technologies, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that the various aspects of the embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In some instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of this document, the phrase "A or B" means (A), (B), or (A and B).

[0012] Typically, a user equipment (UE) is mobile and can be in a high-speed mode in the frequency range 1 (FR1) band between 40 megahertz (MHz) and 7,125 MHz, where the UE supports dynamic point selection (DPS). Specifically, the UE can communicate with different remote radio heads (RRHs) along a travel path (e.g., a railway), where these RRHs use the same cell identifier (ID) and are coupled to the same base station (e.g., a gNB). The RRHs can transmit reference signals or synchronization signals to the UE, and the UE then performs measurements on such signals (e.g., layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurements on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) in FR1, or layer 1 signal-to-noise interference ratio (L1-SINR) measurements on SSBs or CSI-RS in FR1) to switch the communication from one RRH to another. The measurements need to be performed within a specific time period. However, given the high speed at which the UE moves along the travel path, the UE can be near one RRH and quickly move away to reach the vicinity of the next adjacent RRH. Thus, when the UE is near one of the RRHs, the measurements of the signals of the adjacent RRHs are generally weaker, but these measurements are still performed. Due to the high-speed travel, it can be challenging for the UE to perform different measurements.

[0013] Embodiments of the present disclosure allow for relaxing (e.g., increasing) the measurement time period for signals received from adjacent (yet farther) RRHs by a scaling factor (e.g., 1.5) relative to the measurement period for signals received from nearby RRHs. To determine whether to apply the scaling factor, the UE can initially perform measurements on the signals received from the two RRHs. If the difference between the two is less than a first threshold measurement or the measurement of one of the two exceeds a second threshold measurement, the UE implicitly detects its proximity to one of the RRHs and thus relaxes the measurement time period for the other RRH.

[0014] As used herein, "high speed" refers to a speed greater than a speed threshold, such as fifty kilometers per hour (Kph), one hundred Kph, or some other value up to an upper limit, such as five hundred Kph. When traveling at high speed, the UE may operate in a high-speed mode. The high-speed mode is an operating mode that supports a traveling speed of the UE greater than the speed threshold. The high-speed mode may also be referred to as a high-speed train (HST) mode.

[0015] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.

[0016] As used herein, the term "circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes the following: hardware components such as electronic circuits, logic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated, or group), or memories (shared, dedicated, or group) configured to provide the described functionality, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable devices (FPDs) (e.g., field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex PLDs (CPLDs), high-capacity PLDs (HCPLDs), structured ASICs, or programmable system-on-chips (SoCs)), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc. In some embodiments, the circuit may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term "circuit" may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements and the program code for performing the functionality of the program code. (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) In these embodiments, the combination of the hardware element and the program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuit.

[0017] As used herein, the term "processor circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes the following: a circuit capable of sequentially and automatically performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations or recording, storing, or transmitting digital data. The term "processor circuit" may refer to an application processor, a baseband processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating on computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, and / or functional procedures).

[0018] As used herein, the term "interface circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes a circuit that enables information exchange between two or more components or devices. The term "interface circuit" may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, such as a bus, an I / O interface, a peripheral component interface, a network interface card, etc.

[0019] As used herein, the term "user equipment" or "UE" refers to a device of a remote user that has radio communication capabilities and can describe network resources in a communication network. Additionally, the terms "user equipment" or "UE" may be considered synonymous and may be referred to as a client, mobile phone, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Further, the term "user equipment" or "UE" may include any type of wireless / wired device or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface.

[0020] As used herein, the term "base station" refers to a device having radio communication capabilities, which is a network element (or more simply, a network) of a communication network and may be configured as an access node in the communication network. The access of a UE to the communication network may be managed at least in part by the base station, whereby the UE is connected to the base station to access the communication network. Depending on the radio access technology (RAT), the base station may be referred to as a gNodeB (gNB), eNodeB (eNB), access point, etc.

[0021] As used herein, the term "computer system" refers to any type of interconnected electronic device, computer device, or their components. Additionally, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled to each other. Further, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled to each other and are configured to share computing resources or networking resources.

[0022] As used herein, the term "resource" refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as a computer device, mechanical device, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU utilization, processor and accelerator load, hardware time or utilization, power, input / output operations, ports or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory utilization, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, etc. "Hardware resources" may refer to computing, storage, or networking resources provided by physical hardware elements. "Virtualized resources" may refer to computing, storage, or networking resources provided by a virtualization infrastructure to applications, devices, systems, etc. The term "network resources" or "communication resources" may refer to resources that a computer device / system can access via a communication network. The term "system resources" may refer to any kind of shared entity that provides services and may include computing resources or networking resources. System resources may be regarded as a set of coherent functions, network data objects, or services that can be accessed via a server, where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and can be clearly identified.

[0023] As used herein, the term "channel" refers to any tangible or intangible transmission medium for conveying data or a data stream. The term "channel" may be synonymous with or equivalent to "communication channel", "data communication channel", "transmission channel", "data transmission channel", "access channel", "data access channel", "link", "data link", "carrier", "radio frequency carrier", or any other similar term that denotes a path or medium through which data is conveyed. Additionally, as used herein, the term "link" refers to a connection established between two devices for transmitting and receiving information.

[0024] As used herein, terms such as "instantiate", "instantiation", etc. refer to the creation of an instance. An "instance" also refers to a specific occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during the execution of program code.

[0025] The term "connected" may mean that two or more elements at a common communication protocol layer have an established signaling relationship with each other via a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.

[0026] As used herein, the term "network element" refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure for providing wired or wireless communication network services. The term "network element" may be considered synonymous with or referred to as a networked computer, networked hardware, network equipment, network node, virtualized network function, etc.

[0027] The term "information element" refers to a structural element that contains one or more fields. The term "field" refers to each content of an information element or a data element that contains content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.

[0028] Figure 1 A network environment 100 is shown in accordance with some embodiments. The network environment 100 may include a UE 104 and a gNB 108. The gNB 108 may be a base station that provides a wireless access cell (e.g., a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) cell), and the UE 104 may communicate with the gNB 108 via the cell. The UE 104 and the gNB 108 may communicate via an air interface that is compatible with 3GPP technical specifications (such as those 3GPP technical specifications that define the 5th Generation (5G) NR system standards).

[0029] gNB 108 can transmit information (e.g., data and control signaling) in the downlink direction by mapping logical channels onto transport channels and mapping the transport channels onto physical channels. Logical channels can transfer data between the radio link control (RLC) and media access control (MAC) layers; transport channels can transfer data between the MAC and PHY layers; and physical channels can transfer information across the air interface. Physical channels can include the physical broadcast channel (PBCH), the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0030] The PBCH can be used to broadcast system information that the UE 104 can use for initial access to the serving cell. The PBCH can be transmitted in a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block together with the physical synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS). The SS / PBCH block (SSB) can be used by the UE 104 during the cell search process (including cell selection and reselection) and for beam selection.

[0031] The PDSCH can be used to transfer end-user application data, signaling radio bearer (SRB) messages, system information messages (except for example the MIB), and paging messages.

[0032] The PDCCH can transfer downlink control information (DCI) used by the scheduler of the gNB 108 to allocate both uplink resources and downlink resources. The DCI can also be used to provide uplink power control commands, configure time slot formats, or indicate that a preemption has occurred.

[0033] The gNB 108 can also transmit various reference signals to the UE 104. The reference signals include demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for the PBCH, PDCCH, and PDSCH. The UE 104 can compare the received version of the DMRS with the transmitted known DMRS sequence to estimate the impact of the propagation channel. Then, the UE 104 can apply the inverse channel of the propagation channel during the demodulation process of the corresponding physical channel transmission.

[0034] The reference signals can also include CSI-RS. The CSI-RS can be a multi-purpose downlink transmission that can be used for CSI reporting, beam management, connected-mode mobility, radio link failure detection, beam failure detection and recovery, and fine-tuning of time and frequency synchronization.

[0035] Reference signals and information from physical channels can be mapped to resources of the resource grid. For a given antenna port, subcarrier spacing configuration, and transmission direction (e.g., downlink or uplink), there is a resource grid. The basic unit of the NR downlink resource grid can be a resource element, which can be defined by one subcarrier in the frequency domain and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain. Twelve consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain can form a physical resource block (PRB). A resource element group (REG) can include one PRB in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain, e.g., twelve resource elements. A control channel element (CCE) can represent a set of resources for transmitting the PDCCH. One CCE can be mapped to multiple REGs, e.g., six REGs.

[0036] Transmissions using different antenna ports may experience different radio channels. However, in some cases, different antenna ports can share common radio channel characteristics. For example, different antenna ports can have similar Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters (e.g., characteristics associated with the angle of arrival of the downlink received signal at the UE). Antenna ports sharing one or more of these large-scale radio channel characteristics can be considered to be quasi-co-located (QCL) with each other. 3GPP has specified four types of QCL to indicate which specific channel characteristics are shared. In QCL type A, the antenna ports share Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread. In QCL type B, the antenna ports share Doppler frequency shift and Doppler spread. In QCL type C, the antenna ports share Doppler frequency shift and average delay. In QCL type D, the antenna ports share spatial receiver parameters.

[0037] The gNB 108 can provide transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state information to the UE 104 to indicate the QCL relationship between the antenna ports for reference signals (e.g., synchronization signal / PBCH or CSI-RS) and downlink data or control signaling (e.g., PDSCH or PDCCH). The gNB 108 can use a combination of RRC signaling, MAC control element signaling, and DCI to notify the UE 104 of these QCL relationships.

[0038] The UE 104 can use physical uplink channels to transmit data and control information to the gNB 108. Different types of physical uplink channels are possible, including for example the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). However, the PUCCH carries control information (such as uplink control information (UCI)) from the UE 104 to the gNB 108, and the PUSCH carries data traffic (e.g., end-user application data) and can carry UCI.

[0039] In one example, communication with the gNB 108 and / or the base station may use channels in the Frequency Range 1 (FR1) band and / or the Frequency Range 2 (FR2) band (between 24,250 MHz and 52,600 MHz). The FR1 band includes licensed and unlicensed bands. The NR unlicensed band (NR-U) includes spectrum shared with other types of radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., LTE-LAA, WiFi, etc.). A listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure may be used to avoid or minimize conflicts between different RATs in NR-U, whereby a device should apply a clear channel assessment (CCA) check before using a channel.

[0040] As Figure 1 As further shown, the network environment 100 may also include a base station 112 to which the UE 104 may also be connected. The base station 112 may support the same RAT as the gNB 108 (e.g., the base station 112 is also a gNB). Additionally or alternatively, the base station 112 may support a different RAT (e.g., a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) eNB).

[0041] In one example, the UE 104 supports carrier aggregation (CA), whereby the UE 104 may be connected to and exchange data with the gNB 108 and / or the base station 112 simultaneously via multiple component carriers (CCs). The CCs may belong to the same band, in which case they are referred to as in-band CCs. In-band CCs may be contiguous or non-contiguous. The CCs may also belong to different bands, in which case they are referred to as inter-band CCs. A serving cell may be configured for the UE 104 to use the CCs. The serving cell may be a primary cell (PCell), a primary-secondary cell (PSCell), or a secondary cell (SCell). Multiple SCells may be activated via an SCell activation procedure, where the component carriers of these serving cells may be in-band contiguous, in-band non-contiguous, or inter-band. The serving cells may be co-located or non-co-located.

[0042] In addition, after the UE camps on (e.g., registers for) a cell and remains in the idle mode or inactive mode, the UE 104 performs a cell reselection process to change the cell (e.g., the serving cell). To this end, the UE 104 uses a set of cell reselection criteria, including absolute priority, radio link quality, and cell accessibility. For example, after cell detection, cell selection, and cell registration, if there is no communication traffic and an RRC release message is received from the network, the UE 104 enters the idle mode. If there is no communication traffic and an RRC suspend message is received from the network, the UE 104 enters the inactive mode. In either of these two modes, the cell reselection process can be executed. According to this process, the UE 104 measures synchronization signals, including, for example, synchronization signal reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) measurements and reference synchronization signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) measurements of the PSS and SSS in the SSB. In addition, if the measurements are not satisfactory or not detectable, the UE 104 can perform another cell detection, otherwise evaluate the cell reselection criteria. If the cell reselection criteria are not met, the UE 104 remains camped on the current cell and does not select another cell. If the criteria are met, the UE 104 selects the best-fit cell and performs a registration process for that cell, thereby camping on that cell.

[0043] Figure 2 An example of the high-speed mode 200 of the UE 210 according to some embodiments is shown. In the high-speed mode 200, the UE 210 can travel at a speed exceeding a speed threshold. In Figure 2 the illustration, the high-speed mode 200 is a high-speed train (HST) mode, which shows the UE 210 located in a train 212 traveling along a railway at high speed. When the UE 210 travels, the serving cell may become available, and other serving cells may become unavailable, where the availability / unavailability depends on the traveling speed of the UE 210.

[0044] In one example, DPS is used in combination with the high-speed mode 200 in FR1. Generally, DPS is a downlink (DL) coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technique that dynamically switches the serving data TP of the UE 210 in a set of cooperating transmission points (TPs) of the UE 210 without cell handover. The TPs use the same cell ID (e.g., physical cell ID) and are communicatively coupled (e.g., via a wired data connection) to a base station having the same cell ID. In Figure 2 the illustration, the TP and the base station are shown as remote radio heads (RRHs) 220 and gNB 230, respectively, but other types of transmitters (which can also be transceivers) and / or different numbers of base stations are possible.

[0045] Continue Figure 2The illustration (and equivalently, for any distribution of transmitters / base stations along the travel path), to support DPS, the RRHs 220 are geographically distributed along the railway. The distribution is indicated by the identifier "k", whereby the RRH k+1 is adjacent to the RRH k where the RRH k+2 is adjacent to the RRH k+1 and so on. This distribution may be subject to certain requirements. For example, 3GPP defines the following deployment parameters:

[0046]

[0047] Table 1 .

[0048] D s is the minimum distance between two RRHs. D min is the minimum distance between an RRH and the railway. V is the maximum travel speed. And f d is the maximum Doppler effect.

[0049] In the above DPS deployment scenario for high-speed mode in FR1, the UE 210 can receive data signals (e.g., data carried on the PDSCH) from one RRH at a time. A set of SSB, Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), and Non-Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS are transmitted from even-numbered RRHs (e.g., RRH k 、RRH K+2 etc.), while a second set of SSB, TRS, and NZP CSI-RS are transmitted from odd-numbered RRHs (e.g., RHH k+1 、RRH K+3 etc.). These two sets can be numbered: for even-numbered RRHs, numbered as SSB1, TRS1, NZP CSI-RS1, and for odd-numbered RRHs, numbered as SSB2, TRS2, NZP CSI-RS2.

[0050] Furthermore, the UE 210 can use QCL antennas. In such cases, the TCI state information is provided to the UE (e.g., via one or more RRHs from the gNB 230) to indicate the QCL type, such that the UE can receive reference or synchronization signals from multiple RRHs and perform measurements based on the parameters of the QCL type. Generally, a TCI state switch can occur, thus indicating a change in the QCL type. The physical location where this occurs can be defined as, for example, the midpoint between two adjacent RRHs, because of, for example, the significant difference in the Doppler effects of these RRHs at this location. In Figure 2 the illustration, when the UE 210 is approximately at RRH k and RRH k+1When at the midpoint between them, the first TCI handover 250A can be indicated to the UE 210. Similarly, the second TCI handover 250B occurs at the midpoint between the RRH k+1 and the RRH k+2 .

[0051] For the high-speed mode 200 in FR1, other deployments are possible. For example, there is no need to deploy DPS. In this case, for example, when the UE 210 is traveling along a railway, the cell handover process can be used so that the UE 210 can be connected to different cells over time.

[0052] Figure 3 Shows an example of the timing requirement 300 for measurements performed on a UE 310 operating in a high-speed mode according to some embodiments. In the Figure 3 illustration, the deployment involves DPS in FR1. The UE 310 can travel quickly between a first RRH and a second RRH (shown as RRH k and the RRH k+1 ). For example, in the case where the distance D s between these two RRHs is seven hundred meters and the traveling speed is five hundred kph, the UE 310 takes about five seconds to travel from RRH k to RRH k+1 .

[0053] Each of the RRHs in the RRH may be transmitting a measurement signal (shown as the measurement signal 320 transmitted from RRH k and the measurement signal 321 transmitted from RRH k+1 ). As used herein, a measurement signal is a signal on which the UE 310 can perform a set of measurements. For example, the measurement signal can be a reference signal (such as CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (such as SSB). In both cases, the measurement of the measurement signal can be L1-RSRP or L1-SINR.

[0054] In the Figure 3 illustration, the UE 310 receives a first measurement signal 320 from RRH k , and receives a second measurement 321 from RRH k+1 , where the two signals 320 and 321 are of the same type (e.g., both are CSI-RS or both are SSB). Both of these measurements are received within the travel time 330. In the above illustration of seven hundred meters and five hundred Kph, the value of the travel time is about five seconds. Generally, the travel time 330 is a time window having a length that depends on the distance between adjacent RRHs and the travel speed. The start and end of the time window can correspond to two TCI state handovers, where the start is the first-occurring TCI state handover and the end is the subsequent TCI state handover.

[0055] UE 310 performs a first measurement on a first measurement signal 320 (e.g., L1-RSRP or L1-SINR), and a similar second measurement on a second measurement signal 321. The timing of the measurement may be subject to a measurement period (e.g., UE 310 may need to repeatedly perform measurements on the measurement signals of the RRH, where each measurement may need to be completed within the measurement period).

[0056] For non-DPS deployments, 3GPP defines the measurement period for L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurements. For example, 3GPP TS 38.133 V17.0.0 (2021-01) defines the measurement periods including those in FR1, including T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_SSB 、T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS 、T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS_CMR_Only 、T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_SSB_CMR_IMR and T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS_CMR_IMR , where the ranges of these measurement periods are between five milliseconds and nine hundred and sixty milliseconds. However, these definitions may not support DPS deployments or may be inefficient in DPS deployments.

[0057] Specifically, when UE 310 is near RRH k , the path loss of RRH k+1 will be higher than the path loss of RRH k . Therefore, the L1-RSRP measurement for RRH k will be lower compared to RRH k+1 . Similarly, the L1-SINR measurement for RRH k will be lower compared to RRH k+1 . Conversely, as UE 310 travels away from RRH k+1 in the direction of RRH k , UE 310 eventually becomes located near RRH k+1 . In this case, the levels of the L1-RSRP and L1-SINR measurements for RRH k will be higher compared to RRH k+1 .

[0058] Given that UE 310 is closer to RRH and the associated path loss relative to the neighboring RRH, it may be possible to update the measurement period for the measurement signals from the two RRHs. Therefore, the measurement period can be dynamic, whereby the measurement period for the signals from the farther RRH can be relaxed (e.g., its length and / or period is increased) relative to the measurement period for the signals from the closer RRH until the proximity changes, at which point the opposite relaxation can be used.

[0059] Referring Figure 3 to the illustration ofk The measurement period of signal 320 is shown as measurement period T k 340. And from the RRH k+1 The measurement period of signal 321 is shown as measurement period T k+1 350. These measurement periods 340 and 350 and the propagation time 330 need not be drawn to scale (e.g., the propagation time 330 may be about five seconds, while the measurement periods 340 and 350 may be in the range of five milliseconds to 1.5 seconds. Additionally, each of the measurement periods 340 and 350 may be repeated multiple times within the propagation time 330). When the UE 310 is near the RRH k no relaxation of the measurement period T k is performed, and instead, the measurement period T k may be relaxed relative to the measurement period T k+1 (e.g., increased by a scaling factor in the range of 1.25 to 2 (such as 1.5)). Conversely, when the UE 310 is near the RRH k+1 no further relaxation of the measurement period T k+1 is performed, and instead, it may become relaxed relative to the measurement period T k+1 by relaxing the measurement period T k (e.g., increased by the same scaling factor).

[0060] In one example, the UE 310 may determine whether to apply relaxation (e.g., a scaling factor) based on measurements of one or more of the measurement signals 320 or 321. Specifically, measurement conditions may be defined for the UE 310, and these measurement conditions may include predefined threshold measurements. If the measurement conditions are met, the UE 310 may apply relaxation. Otherwise, relaxation is not applied.

[0061] Referring back to L1-RSRP and L1-SINR, the measurement conditions may include the following items. First, if the L1-RSRP on the SSB or CSI-RS from the RRH k is greater than a first predefined threshold measurement (e.g., a specific dB value "YdB"), it may be assumed that the UE 310 is near the RRH k , and thus, relaxation may be applied to T k+1 . Similarly, if the L1-SINR on the SSB or CSI-RS from the RRH k is greater than a first predefined threshold measurement (e.g., a specific dB value "XdB"), it may be assumed that the UE 310 is near the RRH k , and thus, relaxation may be applied to T k+1 . Second, if the L1-RSRP on the SSB or CSI-RS from the RRH k and the L1-RSRP from the RRH k+1If the difference between the L1-RSRP on the SSB or CSI-RS of k is less than a predefined threshold measurement (e.g., a specific dB difference), it can be assumed that the UE 310 is near the RRH k+1 . Similarly, if the difference between the L1-SINR on the SSB or CSI-RS from RRH k and the L1-SINR on the SSB or CSI-RS from RRH k+1 is less than a predefined threshold measurement (e.g., a specific dB difference), it can be assumed that the UE 310 is near the RRH k , and thus, relaxation can be applied to T k+1 . The reverse also applies, where relaxation of T k+1 will be performed when L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurements are used to determine the proximity of the UE 310 to the RRH k . Other measurement conditions can involve the measurement signal having a period less than a predefined threshold (e.g., the measurement period of the SSB (T SSB ) or the measurement period of the CSI-RS (T CSI-RS ) is less than, for example, eighty milliseconds).

[0062] In one example, each of T k and T k+1 is the measurement period T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_SSB . The UE 310 is configured for non-discontinuous reception (non-DRX) of signals. When, for measurements of the SSB or CSI-RS from RRH k and RRH k+1 using T k and T k+1 (where for these measurements, T k = T k+1 ), when any one or all of the following measurement conditions are met, the subsequent measurement period T k+1 used for the L1-RSRP on the SSB or CSI-RS from RRH k+1 is relaxed by a factor K': (i) the L1-RSRP Δ between RRH k+1 and RRH k is less than X dB (e.g., L1-RSRP RS-RRH_k - L1-RSRP RS-RRH_k+1 < X dB), or (ii) the L1-RSRP of RRH k is greater than a specific threshold, Y dB (e.g., L1-RSRP RS-RRH_k > Y dB). K' can have a value greater than 1, such as 1.5. Additionally, relaxation may occur only when T SSB or T CSI-RSThe measurement period relaxation is applied only when ≤ 80 ms.

[0063] In a specific illustration, when applicable, T SSB or T CSI-RS ≤ 80 ms, the dynamicMeasPeriod information element (IE) is configured, and when ΔL1-RSRP > X dB and / or L1-RSRP > Y dB, K' is set to 1.5; otherwise, K' is set to 1. In this illustration, the measurement period T k+1 is equal to max(T 报告 , ceil(M * P * K') * T SSB ) or max(T 报告 , ceil(M * P * K') * T CSI-RS ), where T 报告 is the configured period for reporting; if the higher layer parameter timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurement is configured, M = 1, otherwise M = 3; when there are measurement gaps configured for intra-frequency, inter-frequency, or inter-RAT measurements in the monitored cell, where some but not all of these measurement gaps overlap with some of the SSB occasions, when there are no measurement gaps in the monitored cell that overlap with any of the SSB occasions, P = 1; ΔL1-RSRP is L1-RSRP RS-RRH_k - L1-RSRP RS-RRH_k+1 ; and L1-RSRP is L1-RSRP RS-RRH_k .

[0064] In another example, each of T k and T k+1 is the measurement period T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS_CMR_Only . The UE 310 is configured for non-discontinuous reception (non-DRX) of signals. When any one or all of the following measurement conditions are met for measurements of SSB or CSI-RS from RRH k and RRH k+1 using T k and T k+1 (where for these measurements, T k = T k+1 ), the subsequent measurement period T k+1 used for L1-SINR on the SSB or CSI-RS from RRH k+1 is relaxed by a factor of K': (i) The L1-SINR Δ between RRH k+1 and RRH k is less than X dB (e.g., L1-SINR RS-RRH_k - L1-SINRRS-RRH_k+1 <(X dB), or (ii) the L1 - SINR of the RRH k is greater than a specific threshold, Y dB (e.g., L1 - SINR RS-RRH_k > Y dB). K' can have a value greater than 1, such as 1.5. Additionally, the measurement period relaxation may be applied only when T SSB or T CSI-RS ≤ 80 ms.

[0065] In a specific illustration, when applicable, T SSB or T CSI-RS ≤ 80 ms, the dynamicMeasPeriod IE is configured, and when ΔL1 - SINR > X dB and / or L1 - SINR > Y dB, K' is set to 1.5; otherwise, K' is set to 1. In this illustration, the measurement period T k+1 is equal to max(T 报告 , ceil(M * P * K') * T SSB ) or max(T 报告 , ceil(M * P * K') * T CSI-RS ), where ΔL1 - SINR is L1 - SINR RS-RRH_k - L1 - SINR RS-RRH_k+1 ; and L1 - SINR is L1 - SINR RS-RRH_k .

[0066] Similar measurement conditions can be defined for other types of measurement periods, which include, for example, T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_SSB , T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS , T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_SSB_CMR_IMR and T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS_CMR_IMR . Specifically, according to the value of L1 - RSRP RS-RRH_k or L1 - SINR RS-RRH_k , or according to this value and the Δ between L1 - RSRP RS-RRH_k+1 or L1 - SINR RS-RRH_k+1 , the measurement period Tk + 1 can be relaxed. This relaxation can also depend on T SSB or T CSI-RS and / or the non - DRX configuration of the UE 310.

[0067] Figure 4 Illustrates an example of signaling 400 regarding the dynamic measurement period between a UE 410 and a base station 420 according to some embodiments. The UE 410 can be an example of the UE 210 of Figure 2 or the UE 310 of Figure 3 . The base station can be an example of the gNB 230 of Figure 2 . As shown in Figure 4As shown, signaling 400 includes the UE 410 sending a signal to the base station 420 to notify it of its dynamic measurement period capability, and the base station 420 sending a signal to the UE 420 to notify of the dynamic measurement period configuration.

[0068] In one example, the signaling of the UE 410 is UE capability signaling for dynamic L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR measurement periods. This UE capability signaling indicates whether the UE supports dynamic L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR measurement periods. Based on the UE capability and deployment (e.g., high-speed mode in FR1 combined with DPS), the network can enable dynamic L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR measurement periods for the UE 410 based on the deployment. Such enabling can be indicated in the dynamic measurement period configuration, which can be sent by the base station 420 as an RRC configuration. This network signaling via RRC can be part of the CSI report configuration. Exemplary signaling in the CSI report configuration is shown below.

[0069]

[0070] Figure 5 An example of an operational flow / algorithm structure 500 for performing measurements based on a dynamic measurement period according to some embodiments is shown. The UE can implement the operational flow / algorithm structure 500 to perform measurements on measurement signals (e.g., L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR on SSB or CSI-RS), while operating in a high-speed mode in FR1 combined with a DPS deployment. The operational flow / algorithm structure 500 can be executed or implemented by the UE, such as, for example, the UE 104, 210, 310, 410, 800 or its components, such as the processor 804. The UE can communicate with a transmitter (or transceiver), such as an RRH communicatively coupled to a gNB.

[0071] The operational flow / algorithm structure 500 can include: at 502, sending UE capability information to the base station indicating that the UE will support a dynamic measurement period. The base station can be a gNB or another base station from an NR network. The UE capability information indicates whether the UE supports dynamic L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR measurement periods.

[0072] The operational flow / algorithm structure 500 can include: at 504, receiving network signaling from the base station indicating that a dynamic measurement period is to be enabled. For example, the network signaling is an RRC configuration that enables the UE to use dynamic L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR measurement periods.

[0073] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 506, receiving a first signal from a first transmitter and a second signal from a second transmitter. The first signal and the second signal have the same signal type, and the same signal type is a synchronization signal or a reference signal. For example, each of the first signal and the second signal includes an SSB or a CSI-RS. The first transmitter may be an RRH k . The second transmitter may be an RRH k+1 .

[0074] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 508, determining a first measurement period for performing measurements on the first signal and the second signal. Here, the first measurement period is initially used for both signals until it is determined that the measurement period for the measurement signal from the second transmitter (or similarly, the first transmitter) is adjusted dynamically. The first measurement period may be any of the following periods: T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_SSB , T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS , T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_SSB_CMR_IMR and T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS_CMR_IMR , depending on the type of the measurement signal and the measurements to be performed (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, etc.).

[0075] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 510, generating a first measurement of the first signal and a second measurement of the second signal within the first measurement period. Here, the UE completes the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the first signal and the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the second signal within the first measurement period (e.g., within a measurement window having a time length equal to the time length of the first measurement period).

[0076] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 512, determining a second measurement period for performing measurements on one or more additional signals transmitted from a second transmitter based on at least a first measurement, the second measurement period being longer than the first measurement period, and these additional signals having the same signal type. Here, the first measurement (e.g., L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the first signal) can be used to evaluate one or more measurement conditions. For example, if the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the first signal is greater than a predefined threshold measurement, or if the difference between the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement and the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the second signal is less than a predefined threshold measurement, the first measurement period is relaxed by a scaling factor such that the second measurement period is equal to the value of the first measurement period multiplied by the scaling factor. The first measurement period can continue to be used for performing L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurements on subsequent SSB or CSI-RS received from the first transmitter, while the second measurement period can be used for performing L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurements on subsequent SSB or CSI-RS received from the second transmitter, as further described below.

[0077] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 514, receiving a third signal from a first transmitter and a fourth signal from a second transmitter, each of the third signal and the fourth signal having the same signal type. For example, each of the first signal and the second signal includes SSB or CSI-RS, and is received after the second measurement period is determined.

[0078] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 516, generating a measurement of the third signal within the first measurement period. Here, the third signal is from the first transmitter, and for the measurement signal from this first transmitter, the first measurement period has not been relaxed. Therefore, the UE completes the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the third signal within the first measurement period (e.g., within the next measurement window whose time length is equal to the time length of the first measurement period).

[0079] The operation procedure / algorithm structure 500 may include: at 518, generating a measurement of the fourth signal within the second measurement period. Here, the fourth signal is from the second transmitter, and the first measurement period has been relaxed such that the second measurement period will be used for the measurement signal from this second transmitter. Therefore, the UE completes the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement of the fourth signal within the second measurement period (e.g., within another measurement window whose time length is equal to the time length of the second measurement period).

[0080] Figure 6An example of an operational flow / algorithm structure 600 for determining an updated measurement period using measurement conditions according to some embodiments is shown. The UE may implement the operational flow / algorithm structure 600 to dynamically update the measurement period for measuring signals (e.g., L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR on SSB or CSI-RS) while operating in a high-speed mode in FR1 in combination with DPS deployment. The operational flow / algorithm structure 600 may be executed or implemented by the UE as part of the operational flow / algorithm structure 500, such as, for example, UE 104, 210, 310, 410, 800 or its components, such as the processor 804. The UE may communicate with a transmitter (or transceiver), such as an RRH communicatively coupled to a gNB.

[0081] The operational flow / algorithm structure 600 may include: at 602, receiving a synchronization signal or a reference signal. For example, the UE receives an SSB or CSI-RS from a transmitter (such as an RRH distributed along a railway to support DPS deployment).

[0082] The operational flow / algorithm structure 600 may include: at 604, generating L1-RSRP / L1-SINR measurements within a measurement period. For example, receiving SSB1 and SSB2 from an RRH k and an RRH k+1 Additionally or alternatively, receiving CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2 from an RRH k and an RRH k+1 respectively. Where applicable, the UE generates a first L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement for SSB1 or CSI-RS1. Similarly, the UE generates a second L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurement for SSB2 or CSI-RS2. These measurements are generated within a time window having a measurement period equal to any one of the following measurement periods (where applicable): T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_SSB 、T L1-RSRP_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS 、T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_SSB_CMR_IMR or T L1-SINR_Measurement_Period_CSI-RS_CMR_IMR .

[0083] The operational flow / algorithm structure 600 may include: at 606, determining whether conditions for relaxing the measurement period are met. In one example, these conditions include measurement conditions. For example, the UE evaluates the following measurement conditions for the measurement of SSB1 or CSI-RS1 and the measurement of SSB2 or CSI-RS2: (i) the L1-RSRPΔ or L1-SINRΔ between SSB2 and SSB1 (where applicable) or between CSI-RS2 and CSI-RS1 (where applicable) is less than X dB, or (ii) the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of SSB1 (where applicable) is greater than a specific threshold, Y dB (e.g., L1-SINRRS-RRH_k >Y dB). Additionally, the UE can determine T SSB or T CSI-RS whether it is ≤ 80 ms. If either the (i) or (ii) measurement condition and T SSB or T CSI-RS condition is met, the UE can determine that the measurement period can be relaxed. This determination can also be subject to the UE operating in the non-DRX mode. If the measurement period is to be relaxed, the operation flow / algorithm structure 600 moves to 608. Otherwise, the operation flow / algorithm structure 600 loops back to 602.

[0084] The operation flow / algorithm structure 600 can include: at 608, determining an updated measurement period. For example, relaxing the measurement period, thereby multiplying its value by a scaling factor K' (e.g., in the range of 1.25 to 2, such as 1.5). The updated value has a time length that is K' times that of the updated measurement period. Upon receiving a subsequent SSB2 or CSI-RS2 from the RRH k+1 , perform L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurements on SSB2 or CSI-RS2 over the longer time length of the updated measurement period. In contrast, upon receiving a subsequent SSB1 or CSI-RS1 from the RRH k , perform L1-RSRP or L1-SINR measurements on SSB1 or CSI-RS1 over the shorter time length of the measurement period.

[0085] Figure 7 Shows the receiving component 700 of the UE 74 according to some embodiments. The receiving component 700 can include an antenna panel 704, which includes a plurality of antenna elements. The panel 704 is shown as having four antenna elements, but other embodiments can include other numbers.

[0086] The antenna panel 704 can be coupled to an analog beamforming (BF) component, which includes a plurality of phase shifters 708(1) to 708(4). The phase shifters 708(1) to 708(4) can be coupled to the radio frequency (RF) chain 712. The RF chain 712 can amplify the received analog RF signal, down-convert the RF signal to the baseband, and convert the analog baseband signal into a digital baseband signal that can be provided to the baseband processor for further processing.

[0087] In various embodiments, control circuitry that can reside in the baseband processor can provide BF weights (e.g., W1 to W4) to the phase shifters 708(1) to 708(4) to provide a receive beam at the antenna panel 704, and these BF weights can represent phase shift values. These BF weights can be determined based on channel-based beamforming.

[0088] Figure 8shows a UE 800 according to some embodiments. The UE 800 may be similar to Figure 1 the UE 104 and may be substantially interchangeable therewith.

[0089] Similar to that described above with respect to the UE 104, the UE 800 can be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as a mobile phone, computer, tablet, industrial wireless sensor (e.g., microphone, carbon dioxide sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, thermometer, motion sensor, accelerometer, laser scanner, fluid level sensor, inventory sensor, voltage / current meter, actuator, etc.), video surveillance / monitoring device (e.g., camera, video camera, etc.), wearable device, or loose IoT device. In some embodiments, the UE can be a reduced-capacity UE or an NR-Light UE.

[0090] The UE 800 may include a processor 804, an RF interface circuit 808, a memory / storage 812, a user interface 816, sensors 820, a driver circuit 822, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 824, and a battery 828. The components of the UE 800 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs), portions of integrated circuits, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic components, hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof. Figure 8 The block diagram of is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the UE 800. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the shown components may occur in other specific implementations.

[0091] The components of the UE 800 may be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 832, which may represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or expansion), transmission line, trace, optical connection, etc., that allows various circuit components (on common or different chips or chip sets) to interact with each other.

[0092] The processor 804 may include processor circuitry, such as baseband processor circuitry (BB) 804A, central processing unit circuitry (CPU) 804B, and graphics processing unit circuitry (GPU) 804C. The processor 804 may include any type of circuit or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, or functional procedures from the memory / storage 812) to cause the UE 800 to perform the operations described herein.

[0093] In some embodiments, the baseband processor circuit 804A may access the communication protocol stack 836 in the memory / storage 812 to communicate via a 3GPP-compliant network. Generally speaking, the baseband processor circuit 804A may access the communication protocol stack to perform the following operations: perform user plane functions at the PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, and PDU layer; and perform control plane functions at the PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and non-access stratum (NAS) layer. In some embodiments, the PHY layer operations may additionally / alternatively be performed by components of the RF interface circuit 808.

[0094] The baseband processor circuit 804A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms carrying information in a 3GPP-compliant network. In some embodiments, the waveforms for NR may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.

[0095] The baseband processor circuit 804A may also access the group information 824 from the memory / storage 812 to determine the search space groups in which multiple repetitions of the PDCCH may be transmitted.

[0096] The memory / storage 812 may include any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 800. In some embodiments, some of the memory / storage in the memory / storage 812 may be located on the processor 804 itself (e.g., L1 cache and L2 cache), while other memory / storage 812 is located external to the processor 804 but may be accessed via a memory interface. The memory / storage 812 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory, such as but not limited to dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.

[0097] The RF interface circuit 808 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front-end module (RFEM), which allows the UE 800 to communicate with other devices via a radio access network. The RF interface circuit 808 may include various elements arranged in the transmit path or the receive path. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuits, control circuits, etc.

[0098] In the receive path, the RFEM can receive a radiated signal from the air interface via antenna 824 and continue to filter and amplify the signal (using a low-noise amplifier). The signal can be provided to the receiver of the transceiver, which down-converts the RF signal to a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of the processor 804.

[0099] In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM can amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier before the signal is radiated across the air interface via antenna 824.

[0100] In various embodiments, the RF interface circuit 808 can be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technology.

[0101] Antenna 824 can include multiple antenna elements, each of which converts an electrical signal into a radio wave to travel through the air and converts the received radio wave into an electrical signal. These antenna elements can be arranged into one or more antenna panels. Antenna 824 can have antenna panels with omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to enable beamforming and multiple-input / multiple-output communication. Antenna 824 can include microstrip antennas, printed antennas fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, phased array antennas, etc. Antenna 824 can have one or more panels that are designed for specific frequency bands within FR1 or FR2.

[0102] The user interface circuit 816 includes various input / output (I / O) devices that are designed to enable a user to interact with the UE 800. The user interface circuit 816 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. The input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual device for accepting input, particularly including one or more physical or virtual buttons (e.g., reset buttons), physical keyboards, keypads, mice, touchpads, touchscreens, microphones, scanners, headsets, etc. The output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual device for displaying information or otherwise conveying information (such as sensor readings, actuator positions, or other similar information). The output device circuitry can include any number or combination of audio or visual displays, particularly including one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (e.g., binary state indicators such as light-emitting diodes LEDs and multi-character visual outputs), or more complex outputs such as display devices or touchscreens (e.g., liquid crystal displays LCDs, LED displays, quantum dot displays, projectors, etc.), where the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, etc. is generated or produced through the operation of the UE 800.

[0103] The sensor 820 may include a device, module, or subsystem aimed at detecting events or changes in its environment and sending information about the detected events (sensor data) to some other device, module, subsystem, etc. Examples of such sensors particularly include: Inertial measurement units including the following devices: accelerometers; gyroscopes; or magnetometers; Microelectromechanical systems or nanoelectromechanical systems including the following devices: three-axis accelerometers; three-axis gyroscopes; or magnetometers; liquid level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (e.g., thermistors); pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (e.g., cameras or lensless apertures); light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (e.g., infrared radiation detectors, etc.); depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; microphones or other similar audio capture devices; etc.

[0104] The drive circuit 822 may include software elements and hardware elements for controlling specific devices embedded in, attached to, or otherwise communicatively coupled to the UE 800. The drive circuit 822 may include various drivers, thereby allowing other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may be present within or connected to the UE 800. For example, the drive circuit 822 may include: a display driver for controlling and allowing access to a display device, a touchscreen driver for controlling and allowing access to a touchscreen interface, a sensor driver for obtaining sensor readings of the sensor circuit 820 and controlling and allowing access to the sensor circuit 820, a driver for obtaining the actuator position of an electromechanical component or controlling and allowing access to an electromechanical component, a camera driver for controlling and allowing access to an embedded image capture device, an audio driver for controlling and allowing access to one or more audio devices.

[0105] The PMIC 824 may manage the power supplied to various components of the UE 800. Specifically, with respect to the processor 804, the PMIC 824 may control power selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion.

[0106] In some embodiments, the PMIC 824 may control or otherwise be part of various power saving mechanisms of the UE 800. For example, if the platform UE is in the RRC_Connected state, in which the platform remains connected to the RAN node because it expects to receive traffic soon, after a period of inactivity, the platform may enter a state known as discontinuous reception mode (DRX). During this state, the UE 800 may power down for short intervals, thus saving power. If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period, the UE 800 may transition to the RRC_Idle state, in which the device is disconnected from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handovers, etc. The UE 800 enters a very low power state and performs paging, in which the device wakes up periodically again to listen for the network and then powers down again. The UE 800 may not receive data in this state; to receive data, the platform must transition back to the RRC_Connected state. Additional power saving modes may allow the device to be off the network for longer than the paging interval (ranging from a few seconds to several hours). During this period, the device is completely unable to connect to the network and may be completely powered down. Any data sent during this period will incur a significant delay, and it is assumed that the delay is acceptable.

[0107] The battery 828 may power the UE 800, but in some examples, the UE 800 may be installed in a fixed location and may have a power source coupled to the power grid. The battery 828 may be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, etc. In some specific implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 828 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.

[0108] Figure 9 A gNB 900 is shown according to some embodiments. The gNB node 900 may be similar to the gNB 78 and may be substantially interchangeable therewith. A base station (such as base station 92) may have the same or similar components as the gNB 900.

[0109] The gNB 900 may include a processor 904, an RF interface circuit 908, a core network (CN) interface circuit 912, and a memory / storage device circuit 916.

[0110] The components of the gNB 900 may be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 928.

[0111] The processor 904, the RF interface circuit 908, the memory / storage device circuit 916 (including the communication protocol stack 910), the antenna 924, and the interconnect 928 may be similar to the similarly named elements shown and described in the reference Figure 7 shown and described.

[0112] The CN interface circuitry 912 may provide connectivity to a core network (e.g., a 5th Generation Core Network (5GC) using a 5th Generation Core Network (5GC) compatible network interface protocol such as a Carrier Ethernet protocol or some other suitable protocol). Network connectivity may be provided to / from the gNB 900 via optical fiber or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuitry 912 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs for communicating using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 912 may include multiple controllers for providing connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.

[0113] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0114] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods described in the following example section. For example, the baseband circuit described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the following examples. For another example, the circuits associated with the UE, base station, network element, etc. described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples shown in the example section below.

[0115] Example

[0116] In the following sections, additional exemplary embodiments are provided.

[0117] Embodiment 1 includes a method. The method is implemented on a user equipment (UE). The method includes: receiving a first signal from a first transmitter and a second signal from a second transmitter, the first signal and the second signal having the same signal type, the same signal type being a synchronization signal or a reference signal; determining a first measurement period for performing measurements on the first signal and the second signal; generating a first measurement of the first signal and a second measurement of the second signal within the first measurement period; and determining a second measurement period for performing measurements on one or more additional signals transmitted from the second transmitter based on at least the first measurement, the second measurement period being longer than the first measurement period, the additional signals having the same signal type.

[0118] Example 2 includes the method according to Example 1, the method further comprising: receiving a third signal from the first transmitter and a fourth signal from the second transmitter, each of the third signal and the fourth signal having the same signal type as the first signal and the second signal; generating a measurement of the third signal during the first measurement period; and generating a measurement of the fourth signal during the second measurement period.

[0119] Example 3 includes the method according to any of the foregoing Examples 1 to 2, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal includes a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) or a respective channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein each of the first measurement and the second measurement is a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement of the SSB or CSI-RS, and wherein each of the first measurement period and the second measurement period is a respective measurement period for the L1-RSRP measurement.

[0120] Example 4 includes the method according to any of the foregoing Examples 1 to 2, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal includes a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) or a respective channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein each of the first measurement and the second measurement is a layer 1 signal-to-noise interference ratio (L1-SINR) measurement of the SSB or CSI-RS, and wherein each of the first measurement period and the second measurement period is a respective measurement period for the L1-SINR measurement.

[0121] Example 5 includes the method according to any of the foregoing Examples 1 to 4, wherein the first transmitter includes a first remote radio head (RRH) associated with a cell identifier and communicatively coupled to a base station, wherein the second transmitter includes a second RRH associated with the cell identifier, communicatively coupled to the base station and spaced apart from the first RRH by a certain distance, wherein the operating mode of the UE is a high-speed mode supporting a traveling speed greater than a speed threshold, and wherein the UE is configured to support dynamic point selection (DPS) in the high-speed mode.

[0122] Example 6 includes the method according to Example 5, wherein for the one or more additional signals transmitted from the second RRH rather than the additional signals transmitted from the first RRH, the second measurement period represents a relaxation of the first measurement period by a scaling factor.

[0123] Example 7 includes the method according to Example 5, wherein when the UE is closer to the first RRH than to the second RRH, the second measurement period is used for the measurement of the one or more additional signals.

[0124] Example 8 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: determining that the L1-RSRP measurement exceeds a predefined threshold measurement; and determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-RSRP measurement exceeding the predefined threshold measurement.

[0125] Example 9 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a first synchronization signal block (SSB) or a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in FR1, wherein the second signal includes a second SSB or a second CSI-RS in FR1, wherein the first measurement includes a first layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement of the first SSB or the first CSI-RS, wherein the second measurement includes a second L1-RSRP measurement of the second SSB or the second CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: determining that the difference between the first L1-RSRP measurement and the second L1-RSRP measurement is less than a predefined threshold measurement; and determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the difference being less than the predefined threshold measurement.

[0126] Example 10 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-RSRP measurement being greater than a predefined threshold measurement and based on the SSB or CSI-RS period being less than a predefined threshold time period.

[0127] Example 11 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: receiving network signaling from a base station indicating a predefined threshold measurement; and determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-RSRP measurement and based on the predefined threshold measurement.

[0128] Example 12 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio (L1-SINR) measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: determining that the L1-SINR measurement exceeds a predefined threshold measurement; and determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-SINR measurement exceeding the predefined threshold measurement.

[0129] Example 13 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a first synchronization signal block (SSB) or a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein the second signal includes a second SSB or a second CSI-RS in FR1, wherein the first measurement includes a first layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio (L1-SINR) measurement of the first SSB or the first CSI-RS, wherein the second measurement includes a second L1-SINR measurement of the second SSB or the second CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: determining that the difference between the first L1-SINR measurement and the second L1-SINR measurement is less than a predefined threshold measurement; and determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the difference being less than the predefined threshold measurement.

[0130] Example 14 includes the method according to Example 1, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in frequency range 1 (FR1), wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio (L1-SINR) measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-SINR measurement being greater than a predefined threshold measurement and based on the SSB or CSI-RS period being less than a predefined threshold time period.

[0131] Embodiment 15 includes the method according to Embodiment 1, wherein the first signal includes a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) in Frequency Range 1 (FR1), wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (L1-SINR) measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the method further includes: receiving network signaling from a base station indicating a predefined threshold measurement; and determining the second measurement period as a relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-SINR measurement and based on the predefined threshold measurement.

[0132] Embodiment 16 includes the method according to Embodiment 1, wherein when the UE is configured for non-Discontinuous Reception (non-DRX) of signals, the second measurement period is used for the measurement of the one or more additional signals.

[0133] Embodiment 17 includes the method according to Embodiment 1, the method further includes: receiving network signaling from a base station indicating that a dynamic measurement period is to be enabled, wherein the second measurement period represents a dynamic update of the first measurement period with a scaling factor.

[0134] Embodiment 18 includes the method according to Embodiment 17, the method further includes: before receiving the network signaling, sending UE capability information indicating that the dynamic measurement period will be supported to the base station.

[0135] Embodiment 19 includes a UE, the UE includes one or more processors and one or more memories, the one or more memories store computer-readable instructions, and the computer-readable instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the UE to perform one or more elements of the method described in or related to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18.

[0136] Embodiment 20 includes a UE, the UE includes means for performing one or more elements of the method described in or related to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18.

[0137] Embodiment 21 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media store instructions, and the instructions, when executed on a User Equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform one or more elements of the method described in or related to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18.

[0138] Embodiment 22 includes a UE, the UE includes logic, modules, or circuits for performing one or more elements of the method described in or related to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18.

[0139] Unless otherwise expressly stated, any one of the above examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples). The foregoing description of one or more specific embodiments provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings, or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

[0140] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully understood. The present disclosure is intended that the following claims be construed to cover all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication, the method comprises: receiving a first signal from a first transmitter and a second signal from a second transmitter, the first signal and the second signal having the same signal type, the same signal type being a synchronization signal or a reference signal, wherein the first signal comprises a synchronization signal block SSB or a channel state information reference signal CSI-RS in frequency range 1, i.e., FR1; determining a first measurement period for performing measurements on the first signal and the second signal; generating a first measurement of the first signal and a second measurement of the second signal within the first measurement period, wherein the first measurement comprises a layer 1 reference signal received power L1-RSRP measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS; and determining a second measurement period for performing measurements on one or more additional signals transmitted from the second transmitter as a relaxation of the first measurement based on the L1-RSRP measurement being greater than a predefined threshold measurement and based on the SSB or CSI-RS period being less than a predefined threshold time period, the second measurement period being longer than the first measurement period, the one or more additional signals having the same signal type.

2. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprises: receiving a third signal from the first transmitter and a fourth signal from the second transmitter, each of the third signal and the fourth signal having the same signal type as the first signal and the second signal; generating a measurement of the third signal within the first measurement period; and generating a measurement of the fourth signal within the second measurement period.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal comprises a respective SSB or a respective CSI-RS in FR1, wherein each of the first measurement and the second measurement is an L1-RSRP measurement, and wherein each of the first measurement period and the second measurement period is a respective measurement period for L1-RSRP measurement.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second measurement is a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio L1-SINR measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first transmitter comprises a first remote radio head RRH associated with a cell identifier and communicatively coupled to a base station, wherein the second transmitter comprises a second RRH associated with the cell identifier, communicatively coupled to the base station, and at a distance from the first RRH, wherein an operating mode of a user equipment UE is a high-speed mode supporting a traveling speed greater than a speed threshold, and wherein the UE is configured to support dynamic point selection DPS in the high-speed mode.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein for the one or more additional signals transmitted from the second RRH rather than the additional signals transmitted from the first RRH, the second measurement period represents the relaxation of the first measurement period by a scaling factor.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein when the UE is closer to the first RRH than to the second RRH, the second measurement period is used for the measurement of the one or more additional signals.

8. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform the following operations: receive a first signal from a first transmitter and a second signal from a second transmitter, the first signal and the second signal having the same signal type, the same signal type being a synchronization signal or a reference signal, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block SSB or a channel state information reference signal CSI-RS in frequency range 1, i.e., FR1; determine a first measurement period for performing measurements on the first signal and the second signal; generate a first measurement of the first signal and a second measurement of the second signal within the first measurement period, wherein the first measurement includes a layer 1 reference signal received power L1-RSRP measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS; and determine a second measurement period for performing measurements on one or more additional signals transmitted from the second transmitter as a relaxation of the first measurement based on the L1-RSRP measurement being greater than a predefined threshold measurement and based on the SSB or CSI-RS period being less than a predefined threshold time period, the second measurement period being longer than the first measurement period, the one or more additional signals having the same signal type.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: determine that the L1-RSRP measurement exceeds the predefined threshold measurement.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the second signal includes a second SSB or a second CSI-RS in FR1, wherein the second measurement includes a second L1-RSRP measurement of the second SSB or the second CSI-RS, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: determine that the difference between the first L1-RSRP measurement and the second L1-RSRP measurement is less than the predefined threshold measurement, and further determine the second measurement period as the relaxation of the first measurement period based on the difference being less than the predefined threshold measurement.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: receive network signaling from a base station indicating the predefined threshold measurement.

12. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first measurement further includes a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio L1-SINR measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: Determine that the L1-SINR measurement exceeds another predefined threshold measurement, and further determine the second measurement period as the relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-SINR measurement exceeding the another predefined threshold measurement.

13. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the second signal comprises a second SSB or a second CSI-RS in FR1, wherein the first measurement further comprises a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio L1-SINR measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, wherein the second measurement comprises a second L1-SINR measurement of the second SSB or the second CSI-RS, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: Determine that the difference between the first L1-SINR measurement and the second L1-SINR measurement is less than a predefined threshold measurement, and further determine the second measurement period as the relaxation of the first measurement period based on the difference being less than the predefined threshold measurement.

14. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first measurement further comprises a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio L1-SINR measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS, and wherein the second measurement period is determined as the relaxation of the first measurement period based on the L1-SINR measurement being greater than another predefined threshold measurement.

15. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first measurement further comprises a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio L1-SINR measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS.

16. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein when a user equipment UE is configured for non-discontinuous reception of signals, i.e., non-DRX, the second measurement period is used for the measurement of the one or more additional signals.

17. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause operations to be performed including the following: Receive a first signal from a first transmitter and a second signal from a second transmitter, the first signal and the second signal having the same signal type, the same signal type being a synchronization signal or a reference signal, wherein the first signal comprises a synchronization signal block SSB or a channel state information reference signal CSI-RS in frequency range 1, i.e., FR1; Determine a first measurement period for performing measurements on the first signal and the second signal; Generate a first measurement of the first signal and a second measurement of the second signal within the first measurement period, wherein the first measurement comprises a layer 1 signal-to-noise and interference ratio L1-SINR measurement of the SSB or the CSI-RS; And Determine a second measurement period for performing measurements on one or more additional signals transmitted from the second transmitter as a relaxation of the first measurement based on the L1-SINR measurement being greater than a predefined threshold measurement and the SSB or CSI-RS period being less than a first predefined threshold time period, the second measurement period being longer than the first measurement period, and the one or more additional signals having the same signal type.

18. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein when the user equipment UE is configured for non-discontinuous reception of signals, i.e., non-DRX, the second measurement period is used for the measurement of the one or more additional signals.

19. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the operation further includes: Receiving network signaling from a base station indicating to enable a dynamic measurement period, wherein the second measurement period represents a dynamic update of the first measurement period with a scaling factor.

20. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 19, wherein, the operation further includes: Before receiving the network signaling, sending user equipment UE capability information indicating support for the dynamic measurement period to the base station.

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