Train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method and system for collision experiment

Abstract

The application provides a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method and system for a collision experiment, and relates to the technical field of train collision experiments, and comprises the following steps: constructing a train nodding motion dynamics model; based on the consistent principles of the impact angular velocity and the impact acceleration of the scaled model and the full-size model, the train nodding motion dynamics model is integrated and converted to obtain a three-dimensional scaling factor; according to the three-dimensional scaling factor, a train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion is determined; and according to the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion, a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model for train collision is constructed. Through the determination of the three-dimensional scaling criterion, the train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model for the collision experiment can be constructed for the train collision experiment, and the rationality and simulation accuracy of the train collision experiment are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of train collision experiment, in particular to a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method and system for collision experiment. BACKGROUND

[0002] For decades, train operation safety has always been a research hotspot in the world. Among them, the crashworthiness design of train body is the most direct and effective way. Many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research on train energy-absorbing structure, train body and train crashworthiness design, but most of them are limited to the crashworthiness design of corresponding parts and single vehicles. Due to the constraints of laboratory space and economy, and the lack of repeatability of real vehicle experiment, most of the full-size train crashworthiness research with the most authenticity is carried out in the form of numerical simulation.

[0003] In order to carry out real vehicle collision experiment at low economic cost and obtain the dynamic response of train collision from all aspects, equivalent scale model experiment gradually enters the researchers' field of vision. Equivalent scale model experiment, due to its unique repeatability and low cost, has been widely used in the fields of marine, structural collision response and other various industrial manufacturing fields. Now equivalent scale model experiment also provides a new way and idea for train crashworthiness research. At present, the equivalent scale model experiment for train crashworthiness research is limited to the analysis and research of one-dimensional longitudinal dynamic response of train, and no one has carried out three-dimensional dynamic response research of train collision at home and abroad. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to construct a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train for collision experiment. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method and system for collision experiment, which can construct a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train for collision experiment, and improve the rationality and simulation accuracy of train collision experiment.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0006] A train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method for collision experiment, comprising:

[0007] constructing a train nodding motion dynamics model;

[0008] Based on the consistent principle of impact angle velocity and the consistent principle of impact acceleration of scaled model and full-size model, the train nodding motion dynamics model is integrated and converted to obtain a three-dimensional scaling factor;

[0009] According to the three-dimensional scaling factor, a train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion is determined;

[0010] The three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of the train collision is constructed according to the train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion.

[0011] Optionally, the train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion is:

[0012]

[0013] Wherein, [L] represents a three-dimensional size matrix of the full-size train; represents a three-dimensional size matrix of the scaled model; m represents the mass of the full-size train; represents the mass of the scaled model; [F] represents a three-dimensional force matrix of the full-size train; represents a three-dimensional force matrix of the scaled model; a is a three-dimensional scaling factor; [S] represents a three-dimensional displacement matrix of the full-size train; represents a three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model; represents a first-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the full-size train; represents a first-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model; represents a second-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the full-size train; represents a second-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model; t represents a response time; [theta] represents a rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train around three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents a rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model around three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents a first-order differential rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train around three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents a first-order differential rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model around three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents a second-order differential rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train around three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents a second-order differential rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model around three-dimensional coordinate axes; [J] represents a rotation inertia matrix of the full-size train around three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents a rotation inertia matrix of the scaled model around three-dimensional coordinate axes.

[0014] Optionally, the three-dimensional scaled equivalent model comprises an equivalent scaled car body, an equivalent scaled energy-absorbing structure, and an equivalent scaled vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area.

[0015] Optionally, the material of the equivalent scaled car body is a solid iron block;

[0016] The material of the equivalent scaled energy-absorbing structure is honeycomb aluminum or foamed aluminum;

[0017] The equivalent scaled vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area is a spring-damper.

[0018] Optionally, after constructing the three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train collision according to the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion, further comprising:

[0019] Performing a collision experiment on the three-dimensional scaled equivalent model to obtain scaled collision data of the train;

[0020] Restoring the scaled collision data according to the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion to obtain full-size train collision data;

[0021] Optimizing the safety performance of the train based on the full-size train collision data.

[0022] A train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction system for collision experiments, comprising:

[0023] A train nodding motion dynamics model construction module for constructing a train nodding motion dynamics model;

[0024] A three-dimensional scaling factor determination module for integrating and converting the train nodding motion dynamics model based on the consistent impact angular velocity principle and the consistent impact acceleration principle of the scaled model and the full-size model to obtain a three-dimensional scaling factor;

[0025] A train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion determination module for determining a train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion according to the three-dimensional scaling factor;

[0026] A three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction module for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train collision according to the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion.

[0027] Optionally, the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion is:

[0028]

[0029] wherein, represents a full-size train three-dimensional size matrix; represents a scaled model three-dimensional size matrix; m represents the mass of the full-size train; represents the mass of the scaled model; [F] represents a full-size train three-dimensional force matrix; represents a scaled model three-dimensional force matrix; α is a three-dimensional scaling factor; [S] represents a full-size train three-dimensional displacement matrix; represents a scaled model three-dimensional displacement matrix; represents a first-order differentiated full-size train three-dimensional displacement matrix; represents a first-order differentiated scaled model three-dimensional displacement matrix; represents a second-order differentiated full-size train three-dimensional displacement matrix; represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model after second-order differentiation; t represents the response time; and [θ] represents the rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train around the three-dimensional coordinate axis. represents the rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model around the three-dimensional coordinate axis. represents the rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train around the three-dimensional coordinate axis after first-order differentiation; represents the rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model around the three-dimensional coordinate axis after first-order differentiation. represents the rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train around the three-dimensional coordinate axis after second-order differentiation; represents the rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model around the three-dimensional coordinate axis after second-order differentiation; [J] represents the rotation inertia matrix of the full-size train around the three-dimensional coordinate axis. represents the rotation inertia matrix of the scaled model around the three-dimensional coordinate axis.

[0030] Optionally, the three-dimensional scaled equivalent model comprises an equivalent scaled car body, an equivalent scaled energy-absorbing structure, and an equivalent scaled vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area.

[0031] Optionally, the material of the equivalent scaled car body is a solid iron block.

[0032] The material of the equivalent scaled energy-absorbing structure is honeycomb aluminum or foamed aluminum.

[0033] The equivalent scaled vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area is a spring-damper.

[0034] Optionally, the system further comprises:

[0035] a scaled collision data simulation module configured to perform a collision experiment on the three-dimensional scaled equivalent model to obtain scaled collision data of the train;

[0036] a full-size train collision data determination module configured to restore the scaled collision data according to the three-dimensional scaled collision criterion to obtain full-size train collision data;

[0037] a train safety performance optimization module configured to optimize the safety performance of the train based on the full-size train collision data.

[0038] According to the specific embodiments of the present application, the following technical effects are provided:

[0039] This invention provides a method and system for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments, comprising: constructing a train nodding motion dynamics model; performing integral conversion on the train nodding motion dynamics model based on the principle of consistent impact angular velocity and impact acceleration between the scaled model and the full-size model to obtain a three-dimensional scaling factor; determining a three-dimensional scaling criterion for train collision based on the three-dimensional scaling factor; and constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train collision based on the three-dimensional scaling criterion. This invention, by determining the three-dimensional scaling criterion, can construct a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments, thereby improving the rationality and simulation accuracy of train collision experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional collision dynamics model of the train in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a front view of the train collision scenario in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a top view of the train collision scenario in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a longitudinal impact force-time curve of the lead car and the next car in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the vertical impact force-time curves between the lead car and the next car in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the lateral impact force-time curve between the lead car and the next car in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the speed-time curves of the moving train in the full-size model and the scaled-down model in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of the speed-time curves of a stationary train in the full-size model and the scaled-down model in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 10 Figure 2 is a comparison chart of acceleration-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0051] Figure 11 Figure 3 is a comparison chart of acceleration-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0052] Figure 12 Figure 4 is a comparison chart of angular displacement-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0053] Figure 13 Figure 5 is a comparison chart of angular velocity-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0054] Figure 14 Figure 6 is a comparison chart of angular acceleration-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0055] Figure 15 Figure 7 is a comparison chart of angular displacement-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0056] Figure 16 Figure 8 is a comparison chart of angular velocity-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0057] Figure 17 Figure 9 is a comparison chart of angular acceleration-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0058] Figure 18 Figure 10 is a comparison chart of angular displacement-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0059] Figure 19 Figure 11 is a comparison chart of angular velocity-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application;

[0060] Figure 20 Figure 12 is a comparison chart of angular acceleration-time curves of the full-scale model and the scaled model in Example 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0062] The application aims to provide a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method and system for collision experiments, which can construct a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model for collision experiments to improve the rationality and simulation accuracy of train collision experiments.

[0063] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] Embodiment 1

[0065] As shown in the figure, the embodiment provides a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction method for collision experiments, which comprises the following steps: Figure 1 Step S1: based on the consistent principle of impact angular velocity and the consistent principle of impact acceleration of the scaled model and the full-size model, the train nodding motion dynamics model is integrated and converted to obtain a three-dimensional scaling factor.

[0066] Step S2: according to the three-dimensional scaling factor, a train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion is determined. The train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion is:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Wherein, [L] represents a full-size train three-dimensional size matrix; [L'] represents a scaled model three-dimensional size matrix; m represents the mass of the full-size train; m' represents the mass of the scaled model; [F] represents a full-size train three-dimensional force matrix; [F'] represents a scaled model three-dimensional force matrix; α is a three-dimensional scaling factor; [S] represents a full-size train three-dimensional displacement matrix; [S'] represents a scaled model three-dimensional displacement matrix; [Θ] represents a full-size train rotation displacement matrix around a three-dimensional coordinate axis; [Θ'] represents a scaled model rotation displacement matrix around a three-dimensional coordinate axis; t represents a response time; [D] represents a full-size train three-dimensional displacement matrix after first-order differentiation; [D'] represents a scaled model three-dimensional displacement matrix after first-order differentiation; [D'' ] represents a full-size train three-dimensional displacement matrix after second-order differentiation; [D'' ] represents a scaled model three-dimensional displacement matrix after second-order differentiation. ​​​​​​​​​​​​represents the rotation displacement matrix of the full-size train after second-order differentiation around the three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents the rotation displacement matrix of the scaled-down model after second-order differentiation around the three-dimensional coordinate axes; [J] represents the rotation inertia matrix of the full-size train around the three-dimensional coordinate axes; represents the rotation inertia matrix of the scaled-down model around the three-dimensional coordinate axes.

[0070] Step S3: constructing a three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model of train collision according to the three-dimensional scaled-down criterion of train collision. The three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model comprises an equivalent scaled-down car body, an equivalent scaled-down energy-absorbing structure, and an equivalent scaled-down vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area. The material of the equivalent scaled-down car body is solid iron; the material of the equivalent scaled-down energy-absorbing structure is honeycomb aluminum or foam aluminum; and the equivalent scaled-down vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area is a spring-damper.

[0071] Before step S1, there is further included constructing a train nodding motion dynamics model.

[0072] After step S1, there is further included performing a collision experiment on the three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model to obtain scaled-down collision data of the train; restoring the scaled-down collision data according to the three-dimensional scaled-down criterion of train collision to obtain full-size train collision data; and optimizing the safety performance of the train based on the full-size train collision data.

[0073] Embodiment 2

[0074] The embodiment provides a train three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model construction method for a collision experiment, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1: performing theoretical analysis on a train nodding motion dynamics model without considering friction according to the principle that the train impact acceleration is consistent under different scaling factors to obtain a train nodding motion angular velocity, a train nodding motion angular acceleration scaling factor, and a train body rotation inertia around the x-axis scaling factor.

[0076] The one-dimensional longitudinal scaling criterion of train collision is extended to train three-dimensional translation, and the following is obtained:

[0077]

[0078] wherein [L] is a three-dimensional size matrix of the train body, m is the mass of the train body, [F] is a train body lateral, vertical and longitudinal impact force matrix, [S] is a train body lateral, vertical and longitudinal displacement matrix, and t is a response time.

[0079] When the train is impacted, in addition to the crushing force transmitted from front to back along the longitudinal direction, the train body often also has nodding, nodding and rolling motions, which correspond to the rotation of the train body along the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, respectively. Taking the nodding motion of the train as an example, according to multi-rigid-body dynamics, there are

[0080]

[0081] where J zz and are the moment of inertia of the car body along the x-axis and the nodding angular acceleration, respectively, and are the friction torque and the anti-nodding torque. When the friction is neglected, the above equations can be written as:

[0082]

[0083] By combining M = fL, we have:

[0084]

[0085] where f N is the anti-nodding active force generated by the simplified spring damper in the bogie region, and L x is the distance from the action point of the active force to the center of mass of the car body.

[0086] Similarly, the dynamics equation of the scaled model can be expressed as:

[0087]

[0088] When the material nonlinearity is not considered, according to the one-dimensional longitudinal scaled similarity criterion of train collision, the scaling factor of the car body mass and the impact force is a, thus by combining equations (4) and (5), we have:

[0089]

[0090] Integrating equations (4) and (5) with respect to the response time t, we have:

[0091]

[0092] By combining, we have:

[0093]

[0094] Integrating equation (7) with respect to the response time t, we have:

[0095]

[0096] By combining, we have:

[0097]

[0098] It is known that for train rotation, the angular displacement θ is a dimensionless physical quantity, thus the three-dimensional scaled similarity criterion of train collision proposed in this embodiment is based on the principle that the angular displacement and the acceleration are consistent, that is, and Thus we have:

[0099]

[0100] S2: Formulate the three-dimensional scaling criterion of train collision according to the scaling factor of train collision translational motion dynamics.

[0101] Expanding equation (11) to the rolling motion and the yawing motion, we have:

[0102]

[0103] where [θ] = [θ x θ y θ z ] is the three-dimensional rotational angular displacement matrix, [L] = [L x L x L z ] is the three-dimensional dimension matrix of the car body, and [J] = [J xx J yy J zz ] is the rotational inertia matrix of the car body along the x, y, and z axes.

[0104] According to multi-rigid-body dynamics, for the train collision translational dynamics equation, we have:

[0105]

[0106] where [S] = [S x S y S z ] T is the three-dimensional translational displacement matrix of the car body, is the three-dimensional impact force matrix of the car body and the left car body, is the three-dimensional impact force matrix of the car body and the right car body.

[0107] Similarly, for the train collision rotational dynamics equation, we have:

[0108]

[0109] where [θ] = [θ x θ y θ z ] T is the three-dimensional rotational angular displacement matrix of the car body around the x, y, and z axes, is the rotational torque matrix of the i-section car in three directions.

[0110] Normalizing equations (13) and (14), we have:

[0111]

[0112] S3: determining parameters of the scaled model according to the three-dimensional scaling criterion to construct the scaled model.

[0113] The full-size train is selected, and it is assumed that the mass of the single car body of the full-size train is m, and the moment of inertia matrix of the rotation along the x, y, and z axes is [J] = [J xx J yy J zz ]. The longitudinal, transverse, and vertical crushing force matrix of the car bodies is [F i ] = [F ix F iy F iz ], wherein i is the train marshalling position, and the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical displacement matrix of the corresponding car body is [S i ] = [S ix S iy S iz ]. The angular velocity and angular acceleration matrices of the rotation of the car body around the x, y, and z axes are and The initial speed of the train running is v. In the present application, the mass of the energy-absorbing member and the spring-damping system between the vehicles is ignored, and the reason is that the mass of these components is far less than the mass of the train car body.

[0114] An arbitrary scaling factor a is selected, and according to the three-dimensional scaling criterion of train collision, the following parameters of the scaled train can be obtained from the full-size train:

[0115]

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] wherein the superscript "-" represents the scaled model.

[0125] Based on the train parameters obtained by the scaling criterion, select the energy-absorbing material, spring-damper, and mass block of corresponding mass. The longitudinal impact force and crush displacement are determined by the energy-absorbing structure material, while the lateral and vertical impact forces and lateral and vertical displacements are determined by the spring-damper.

[0126] By restoring the parameters from the three-dimensional scaled-down train impact test results, the three-dimensional impact characteristics of a full-size train can be obtained, as follows:

[0127] (1) Car body impact acceleration at different positions in the scaled-down train Impact acceleration a of the car body at the same position in the same formation as a full-size train i Maintain consistency.

[0128] (2) Three-dimensional impact force matrix of car body at different positions in scaled-down train formation Amplify α 3 By multiplying the values ​​by 1, the three-dimensional impact force matrix of the car body at the same position in the full-size train can be obtained [F]. i ].

[0129] (3) Three-dimensional displacement matrix of the car body at different positions in the scaled-down train By magnifying the matrix by α, the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the car body at the same position in the full-size train can be obtained [S]. i ].

[0130] (4) Scaled-down train collision response time enlarge The full-size train impact response time t can be obtained by multiplying the time by 1.

[0131] (5) Speed ​​of car bodies in impact at different positions in scaled-down train formations enlarge The impact velocity v of the car body at the same position in the same formation of a full-size train can be obtained by multiplying the values. i .

[0132] (6) Angular velocity matrix of the car bodies rotating around the three coordinate axes during the impact of the scaled-down train at different positions in the train formation. Shrink By multiplying the matrices by 1, we can obtain the angular velocity matrix of the car body at the same position in the full-size train's formation, rotating about the three coordinate axes.

[0133] (7) Angular acceleration matrix of the car bodies rotating around the three coordinate axes during impact at different positions in the scaled-down train formation. Reducing the size by a factor of α yields the angular acceleration matrix of the car body at the same position in the full-size train's formation, rotating about the three coordinate axes.

[0134] The embodiment extends the traditional train collision one-dimensional longitudinal scaling criterion to three dimensions, approximates the longitudinal impact force, speed, crushing stroke and time response of the full-size model in the collision process through the scaled model, and further obtains the lateral and vertical impact force, the angular velocity and angular acceleration response of the car body rotating around three coordinate axes, greatly improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the train scaling experiment, and can more truly restore the collision scene of the full-size train, which has important significance for studying the train crashworthiness.

[0135] The three-dimensional scaled model comprises a three-dimensional scaled car body, a scaled energy absorption structure and a scaled bogie area spring-damper system, and the scaled car body is made of a solid iron block. The scaled energy absorption structure is made of aluminum honeycomb or aluminum foam. The aluminum honeycomb or aluminum foam has constant crushing mechanical properties, and the crushing force of the light energy absorption structure is changed by changing the cross-sectional area of the light energy absorption structure to simulate different levels of energy absorption elements. The effective compression stroke of the energy absorption material is changed to simulate the compression stroke of different energy absorption elements in the scaled test. The scaled bogie area spring-damper system is made of a spring damper. The spring is a linear spring, and its mechanical properties strictly comply with Hooke's law. At the same time, due to the action of the damper, the rotation of the car body around the three coordinate axes can be attenuated, so that the car body gradually returns to the equilibrium position.

[0136] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the end energy absorption structure of the car body and the simplified spring-damper system of the bogie area in the embodiment. The end energy absorption structure is divided into two levels of energy absorption structures, which are a car hook crushing pipe (crushing force crushing stroke ) and a main energy absorption structure (crushing force crushing stroke ); the simplified spring-damper of the bogie area comprises a linear spring (elastic stiffness k s ) and a damper (damping coefficient D). The mass of each car body is m, and the initial impact speed of the moving train is v. In the three-dimensional scaling experiment, a solid iron block is also used as the scaled car body, and a corresponding scaling factor a is selected. The three-dimensional size of the corresponding scaled car body is Aluminum honeycomb with different cross-sectional areas is used as energy absorption elements with different parameters. The corresponding car body mass is The crushing force of the car hook crushing pipe at the end of the scaled car body is The crushing stroke is The crushing force of the main energy absorption structure is The crushing stroke is The elastic stiffness of the spring-damper linear spring is The damping of the damper is The train impact working condition in the embodiment is shown in Figures 3-4 The initial impact speed of the moving train is The parameters of the three-dimensional scaled model are defined, and then the three-dimensional scaled experiment of train collision can be performed. The comparative analysis of the finite element simulation results of the full-size model and the scaled model is shown in Figures 5-20 The analysis results show that the simulation results of the restored three-dimensional scaled model can well reflect the dynamic characteristics of the full-size model.

[0137] Embodiment 3

[0138] The embodiment provides a train three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction system for a collision experiment, and the system comprises:

[0139] A train nodding motion dynamics model construction module is configured to construct a train nodding motion dynamics model.

[0140] A three-dimensional scaling factor determination module is configured to perform integral conversion on the train nodding motion dynamics model based on the consistent impact angular velocity principle and the consistent impact acceleration principle of the scaled model and the full-size model, to obtain a three-dimensional scaling factor.

[0141] A train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion determination module is configured to determine a train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion according to the three-dimensional scaling factor.

[0142] A three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction module is configured to construct a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model for train collision according to the train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion. The three-dimensional scaled equivalent model comprises an equivalent scaled car body, an equivalent scaled energy-absorbing structure, and an equivalent scaled vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area. The material of the equivalent scaled car body is a solid iron block; the material of the equivalent scaled energy-absorbing structure is honeycomb aluminum or foam aluminum; and the equivalent scaled vertical and lateral spring-damper system in the bogie area is a spring-damper.

[0143] A scaled collision data simulation module is configured to perform a collision experiment on the three-dimensional scaled equivalent model, to obtain scaled collision data of the train.

[0144] A full-size train collision data determination module is configured to restore the scaled collision data according to the train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion, to obtain full-size train collision data.

[0145] A train safety performance optimization module is configured to optimize the safety performance of the train based on the full-size train collision data.

[0146] The train collision three-dimensional scaled criterion is as follows:

[0147]

[0148] wherein [L] represents a three-dimensional size matrix of the full-size train; represents a three-dimensional size matrix of the scaled model; and m represents the mass of the full-size train. M represents the mass of the scaled model; [F] represents the three-dimensional force matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the three-dimensional force matrix of the scaled model; a represents the three-dimensional scale factor; [S] represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model; M represents the first-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the first-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model; M represents the second-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the second-order differential three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled model; t represents the response time; [θ] represents the three-dimensional rotation displacement matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the three-dimensional rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model; M represents the first-order differential three-dimensional rotation displacement matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the first-order differential three-dimensional rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model; M represents the second-order differential three-dimensional rotation displacement matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the second-order differential three-dimensional rotation displacement matrix of the scaled model; [J] represents the three-dimensional rotation inertia matrix of the full-scale train; M represents the three-dimensional rotation inertia matrix of the scaled model.

[0149] The various embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0150] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the specification, and the above embodiment description is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manner and application range will be changed. In summary, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments, characterized in that, include: Construct a dynamic model of the train's head-nodding motion; Based on the principle of consistent impact angular velocity and impact acceleration between the scaled-down model and the full-size model, the dynamics model of train nodding motion is integrally converted to obtain the three-dimensional scaling factor. Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional scaling factor, the three-dimensional scaling criterion for train collisions is determined; The three-dimensional scaling criterion for train collisions is as follows: in, Represents the three-dimensional dimension matrix of a full-size train; Represents the three-dimensional dimension matrix of the scaled-down model; Indicates the mass of a full-size train; Indicates the quality of the scaled-down model; This represents the three-dimensional force matrix of a full-size train. This represents the three-dimensional force matrix of the scaled-down model; This is a three-dimensional scaling factor; Represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of a full-size train; Represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled-down model; This represents the full-size three-dimensional displacement matrix of the train after the first-order differential; This represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled-down model after the first-order derivative. This represents the full-size three-dimensional displacement matrix of the train after second-order differentiation; The matrix represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled-down model after the second derivative; t represents the response time. Represents the rotational displacement matrix of a full-size train about three-dimensional coordinate axes; Represents the rotational displacement matrix of the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes; This represents the rotational displacement matrix of a full-size train about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after the first-order differential. This represents the rotational displacement matrix of the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after the first-order derivative. This represents the rotational displacement matrix of a full-size train about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after second-order differentiation; This represents the rotational displacement matrix of the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after second-order differentiation; The moment of inertia matrix representing the rotation of a full-size train about three-dimensional coordinate axes; The moment of inertia matrix representing the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes; A three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train collision is constructed based on the aforementioned three-dimensional scaling criteria for train collision.

2. The method for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model includes an equivalent scaled-down car body and an equivalent scaled-down energy-absorbing structure, as well as an equivalent scaled-down bogie region vertical and lateral spring-damping system.

3. The method for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material of the equivalent scaled-down vehicle body is a solid iron block; The material of the equivalent scaled-down energy-absorbing structure is honeycomb aluminum or foamed aluminum; The equivalent scale bogie region vertical and lateral spring-damping system is a spring-damper.

4. The method for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that, After constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train collision based on the aforementioned three-dimensional scaling criteria, the model further includes: Collision experiments were conducted on a three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model to obtain scaled-down collision data of the train. Based on the three-dimensional scaling criteria for train collisions, the scaled-down collision data is restored to obtain full-size train collision data. The safety performance of the train is optimized based on the full-size train collision data.

5. A system for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments, characterized in that, include: The train nodding motion dynamics model construction module is used to construct a train nodding motion dynamics model; The three-dimensional scaling factor determination module is used to perform integral conversion on the train nodding motion dynamics model based on the principle of consistent impact angular velocity and impact acceleration between the scaled-down model and the full-size model, and obtain the three-dimensional scaling factor. The train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion determination module is used to determine the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion based on the three-dimensional scaling factor; the train collision three-dimensional scaling criterion is: in, Represents the three-dimensional dimension matrix of a full-size train; Represents the three-dimensional dimension matrix of the scaled-down model; Indicates the mass of a full-size train; Indicates the quality of the scaled-down model; This represents the three-dimensional force matrix of a full-size train. This represents the three-dimensional force matrix of the scaled-down model; This is a three-dimensional scaling factor; Represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of a full-size train; Represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled-down model; This represents the full-size three-dimensional displacement matrix of the train after the first-order differential; This represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled-down model after the first-order derivative. This represents the full-size three-dimensional displacement matrix of the train after second-order differentiation; The matrix represents the three-dimensional displacement matrix of the scaled-down model after the second derivative; t represents the response time. Represents the rotational displacement matrix of a full-size train about three-dimensional coordinate axes; Represents the rotational displacement matrix of the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes; This represents the rotational displacement matrix of a full-size train about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after the first-order differential. This represents the rotational displacement matrix of the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after the first-order derivative. This represents the rotational displacement matrix of a full-size train about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after second-order differentiation; This represents the rotational displacement matrix of the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes after second-order differentiation; The moment of inertia matrix representing the rotation of a full-size train about three-dimensional coordinate axes; The moment of inertia matrix representing the scaled-down model about the three-dimensional coordinate axes; The three-dimensional scaled equivalent model construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of train collision according to the three-dimensional scaled criteria of train collision.

6. A system for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model includes an equivalent scaled-down car body and an equivalent scaled-down energy-absorbing structure, as well as an equivalent scaled-down bogie region vertical and lateral spring-damping system.

7. A system for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments according to claim 6, characterized in that, The material of the equivalent scaled-down vehicle body is a solid iron block; The material of the equivalent scaled-down energy-absorbing structure is honeycomb aluminum or foamed aluminum; The equivalent scale bogie region vertical and lateral spring-damping system is a spring-damper.

8. A system for constructing a three-dimensional scaled equivalent model of a train for collision experiments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes: The scaled-down collision data simulation module is used to conduct collision experiments on a three-dimensional scaled-down equivalent model to obtain scaled-down collision data of the train. The full-size train collision data determination module is used to reconstruct the scaled collision data according to the three-dimensional scaling criteria of the train collision to obtain full-size train collision data. The train safety performance optimization module is used to optimize the safety performance of the train based on the full-size train collision data.

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