Method for calculating the flow resistance cross-sectional area of a casting gating system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of cast iron casting and discloses a method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system. The method includes: denoting the distance between the casting parting surface and the highest point of the molten metal filling as h; defining the distance between the highest point of the molten metal filling and the highest point of the pouring cup as the effective sprue height Δh; obtaining the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula based on the sprue height curve in the Cassel chart; determining the criterion α for classifying high-pressure head casting gating systems and low-pressure head casting gating systems; comparing h, Δh, and α to obtain different casting gating system types; obtaining an empirical dataset of casting casting and clustering it to obtain different centroids; using the centroids to correct the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula for different casting gating system types to obtain the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula. This invention improves the accuracy of the calculation results, enhances versatility, and increases casting efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cast iron casting technology, and in particular to a method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a casting casting system. Background Technology

[0002] Casting refers to the process of injecting molten metal, concrete, or other materials into a mold to cast metal parts or mold cement slabs and concrete structures. A well-designed casting gating system first requires the correct selection of the gating type and the location of the ingate. Based on this, the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system should be accurately calculated to ensure that the molten metal is dynamically filled, guaranteeing that the molten metal fills the highest contour of the casting within the optimal effective pouring time. Therefore, the ability to quickly and accurately calculate the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to improve casting yield and surface quality is of significant guiding importance.

[0003] Currently, existing methods for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​casting gating systems mainly fall into three categories: the first is a theoretical calculation method based on hydraulic principles; the second is an empirical calculation method based on practical casting experience; and the third is a simplified graphical method combining theoretical calculation and practical experience. Among these, the theoretical calculation method has a complex formula structure, many variables, and a very cumbersome calculation process, especially since the range of flow coefficient values ​​varies significantly (up to approximately six times). Since the variable values ​​significantly affect the calculation results, accurately determining the flow coefficient is quite difficult. Although domestic and international references provide methods for correcting the flow coefficient, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system calculated using these methods generally has inaccuracies. The empirical calculation method is essentially an empirical formula that narrows the range of the flow coefficient in the theoretical calculation method. While it can obtain a relatively accurate flow coefficient to some extent, it suffers from narrow applicability, poor versatility, and a lack of rigor and scientific validity. For example, suitable empirical correction methods and measures are still lacking for flat parts requiring rapid casting, small castings, large parts using two or more casting gating systems, or large, complex, thin-walled parts. While simplified graphical methods are simple and easy to use, they suffer from drawbacks such as poor accuracy, narrow applicability, and lack of comprehensiveness. Currently, there is no widely applicable, easily calculated, and highly practical method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, which can improve the accuracy of the calculation results, enhance the versatility, and improve the casting efficiency.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, comprising:

[0006] The distance between the parting surface of the casting and the highest point of the molten metal filling is denoted as h, and the distance between the highest point of the molten metal filling and the highest point of the pouring cup is taken as the effective sprue height Δh.

[0007] The formula for calculating the initial flow-restricting cross-sectional area is derived from the straight runner height curve in the Cassel chart.

[0008] The criteria α for classifying high-pressure head casting gating systems and low-pressure head casting gating systems are determined, and the different casting gating system types are obtained by comparing h, Δh and α.

[0009] An empirical dataset of casting pouring is obtained, and the empirical dataset is clustered to obtain different centroids. The centroids are then used to correct the calculation formula of the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different casting pouring system types to obtain the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula.

[0010] Preferably, the formula for calculating the initial flow-restricting cross-sectional area based on the sprue height curve in the Cassel chart is as follows:

[0011] Establish a fitting curve located at the midpoint between the two curves of the straight runner height curve, and use the expression of the fitting curve as the calculation formula for the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area.

[0012] Preferably, the formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area is:

[0013] ∑F 阻 =k(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 ,

[0014] Where, ∑F 阻 W represents the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system, where k is the coefficient to be corrected. 件 W is the weight of the casting. 冒 W is the weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the obstructing gate.

[0015] Preferably, the formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area is applicable to different flow-blocking methods, specifically:

[0016] When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is ingate obstruction, W in the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area 件 W is the weight of a single casting. 冒 W is the weight of a single riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the obstructing ingate;

[0017] When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is horizontal runner obstruction, W in the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area...件 W represents the total weight of the casting. 冒 W represents the total weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the obstructing horizontal gate and ingate;

[0018] When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is direct sprue obstruction, W in the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area... 件 W represents the total weight of the casting. 冒 W represents the total weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the bottom of the sprue, the sprue recess, the gating gate, and the ingate.

[0019] Preferably, the judgment criterion α = 0.85.

[0020] Preferably, different casting gating system types are obtained by comparing h, Δh, and α, specifically:

[0021] when At that time, the type of casting gating system is a high-pressure head casting gating system, and the calculation formula for the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the high-pressure head casting gating system is as follows:

[0022] ∑F 阻 =k1(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 k1 is the correction coefficient under the high-pressure head casting gating system;

[0023] when When the casting gating system is a low-pressure head casting gating system, the formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the low-pressure head casting gating system is as follows:

[0024] ∑F 阻 =k2(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 k2 is the correction coefficient for the low-pressure head casting gating system.

[0025] Preferably, when clustering the empirical dataset to obtain different centroids, the clustering method used is the K-Means clustering algorithm.

[0026] Preferably, the empirical dataset is clustered to obtain different centroids, specifically as follows:

[0027] All data in the experience dataset Using the vertical axis as the ordinate and the casting height of all data as the horizontal axis, coordinate data points are established. A clustering algorithm is used to divide the coordinate data points into two clusters and obtain two centroids.

[0028] Preferably, the final formula for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area is obtained by using the formula for calculating the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different casting gating system types with the centroid correction, specifically as follows:

[0029] The ordinate value of the centroid with a value less than or equal to α is taken as the value of the correction coefficient k1 under the high-pressure head casting gating system, and the ordinate value of the centroid with a value greater than α is taken as the value of the correction coefficient k2 under the low-pressure head casting gating system.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, comprising:

[0031] Obtain the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate that obstructs the flow in the casting gating system to be calculated. Use the calculation method of the obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to obtain the final obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula. Substitute the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate that obstructs the flow into the final obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula to obtain the obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to be calculated.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0033] This invention distinguishes between high-pressure head casting systems and low-pressure head casting systems and establishes formulas for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different system types. Based on this, the coefficients in the flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula are modified. The method is simple, the calculation results are accurate, and the versatility is strong. It can improve casting efficiency, thereby reducing metal waste, increasing casting yield and surface quality, and helping casting designers achieve better economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the calculation process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the casting located between the upper and lower parting surfaces in the case of a riser in this invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the casting located between the upper and lower parting surfaces in the case of no riser in this invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is the straight runner height curve in the Casserole chart.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a centroid clustering diagram obtained from an empirical dataset in this embodiment of the invention.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the high-pressure head casting system and the low-pressure head casting system and the mass of each flow-blocking gating element in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8 This is an analysis diagram of an example of the casting being entirely located on the upper parting surface and obstructed by the ingate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 9 This is an analytical diagram illustrating an example of castings entirely located on the lower mold parting surface and obstructed by the ingate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 10 This is an analysis diagram of an example of a casting located between the upper and lower mold parting surfaces and obstructing the flow of the horizontal sprue in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram of the calculation process in this embodiment, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses a method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, including:

[0047] Step 1: Record the distance between the parting surface of the casting and the highest point of the molten metal filling as h (in mm), and take the distance between the highest point of the molten metal filling and the highest point of the pouring cup as the effective sprue height Δh (in mm); For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the distance between the parting surface of the casting and the highest point of the molten metal filling is h (mm), and the distance between the highest point of the molten metal filling and the highest point of the pouring cup is the effective sprue height Δh (mm).

[0048] Step 2: Obtain the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area based on the sprue height curve in the Cassel chart (see Figure 13A in the literature "Cassel. Sprues and risers for ductile iron [M]. Translated by Bai Tianshen, Lin Jialiu, and Li Yanling, Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1983"). Figure 5Curve 1 and Curve 2 are the sprue height curves in the Cassel chart. Curve 1 is the lower sprue height curve in the Cassel chart, and Curve 2 is the higher sprue height curve in the Cassel chart. A fitting curve (i.e., Curve 3) is established in the middle of the two curves (i.e., Curve 1 and Curve 2) of the sprue height curve. The expression of the fitting curve is used as the calculation formula for the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area.

[0049] Step 2-1: In this embodiment, the expression for curve 3 is obtained using a nonlinear fitting method:

[0050] ∑F 阻 =a(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 +b,

[0051] Where a and b are constant coefficients, a = 0.5 and b = 1.31.

[0052] Step 2-2: Simplifying a and b, the formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area is as follows:

[0053] ∑F 阻 =k(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 ,

[0054] Where, ∑F 阻 The flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system, in cm². 2 k is the coefficient to be corrected, which needs to be obtained through correction in step 4.

[0055] The formula for calculating the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area is applicable to different flow obstruction methods. The meanings of the parameters in the formula for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different flow obstruction methods are shown in Table 1. When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is ingate obstruction, W 件 W is the weight of a single casting. 冒 W is the weight of a single riser. 浇口 W is the weight of the ingate that obstructs the flow; when the obstruction method of the casting gating system is the horizontal runner obstruction, W 件 W represents the total weight of the casting. 冒 W represents the total weight of the riser. 浇口 W represents the weight of the flow passing through the obstructed gating gate and ingate; when the obstruction method of the casting gating system is direct gating obstruction, W 件 W represents the total weight of the casting. 冒 W represents the total weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the bottom of the sprue, the sprue recess, the gating gate, and the ingate.

[0056] Table 1. Meaning of parameters in the formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of ​​flow obstruction under different flow obstruction methods.

[0057]

[0058] Step 3: Determine the criterion α for classifying high-pressure head casting gating systems and low-pressure head casting gating systems, and compare h, Δh and α to obtain different casting gating system types.

[0059] Step 3-1: Let the ratio of h to Δh be... The golden ratio is 0.618. Taking the cube root of both 0.618 and 0.618 yields In this embodiment, the judgment criterion α is set to 0.85.

[0060] Step 3-2: When Right now At that time, the type of casting gating system is a high-pressure head casting gating system, and the calculation formula for the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the high-pressure head casting gating system is as follows:

[0061] ∑F 阻 =k1(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 k1 is the correction coefficient under the high-pressure head casting gating system;

[0062] when Right now When the casting gating system is a low-pressure head casting gating system, the formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the low-pressure head casting gating system is as follows:

[0063] ∑F 阻 =k2(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 k2 is the correction coefficient for the low-pressure head casting gating system.

[0064] Step 4: Obtain the empirical dataset of casting pouring, cluster the empirical dataset to obtain different centroids, and use the centroids to correct the calculation formula of the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different casting pouring system types to obtain the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula.

[0065] Step 4-1: As Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the data in Tables 3-135 and 3-136 of the Casting Process section of Volume 5 of the Casting Handbook (Third Edition) are used as an empirical dataset, and all data in the empirical dataset are used... Coordinate data points were established using the vertical axis as the ordinate and the casting height of all data points as the horizontal axis. The correction coefficients were then adjusted using an empirical dataset, resulting in more universally applicable corrections.

[0066] Step 4-2: Use the K-Means clustering algorithm to divide the coordinate data points into two clusters and obtain two centroids. Data within each cluster has high similarity, while the similarity between the two clusters is low. Euclidean distance is used to describe the similarity between data objects within a cluster, minimizing the sum of the squares of the distances from any data object within a cluster to its cluster center (i.e., ...). Where k is the number of clusters, C i It is the center point of the i-th cluster, dist(C i Let x be any data object x within the cluster and its value be C. i The Euclidean distance between the two clusters yielded the centroid coordinates of (251.95, 0.7671) and (703.33, 1.0146), respectively.

[0067] Step 4-3: The ordinate values ​​of the centroids whose values ​​are less than or equal to α are used as the values ​​of the correction coefficient k1 for the high-pressure head casting gating system, and the ordinate values ​​of the centroids whose values ​​are greater than α are used as the values ​​of the correction coefficient k2 for the low-pressure head casting gating system. That is, let k1 = 0.7671, k2 = 1.0146; the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the high-pressure head casting gating system is calculated using the formula ∑F. 阻 =0.767(W) 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 The formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a low-pressure head casting gating system is ∑F 阻 =1.014(W) 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 The relationship between the flow-restricting cross-sectional area and the weight of each flow-restricting pour, obtained from the calculation formulas for the initial flow-restricting cross-sectional area of ​​the high-pressure head casting gating system and the low-pressure head casting gating system, is shown in the figure below. Figure 7 As shown. From Figure 7 As can be seen, the calculation method obtained by this invention is very intuitive and can help casting designers quickly and accurately determine the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system, thereby improving the casting yield and surface quality, and achieving good economic benefits.

[0068] The present invention also discloses a method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, comprising: obtaining the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate flowing through the flow obstruction in the casting gating system to be calculated; obtaining a final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula using a method for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system; and substituting the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate flowing through the flow obstruction into the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula to obtain the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to be calculated.

[0069] This invention also discloses a system for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, comprising a data acquisition module, a modeling module, and a calculation module. The data acquisition module acquires the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate flowing through the flow obstruction in the casting gating system to be calculated. The modeling module uses the calculation method for the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to obtain the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula. The calculation module substitutes the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate flowing through the flow obstruction into the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula to obtain the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to be calculated.

[0070] This invention distinguishes between high-pressure head casting gating systems and low-pressure head casting gating systems and establishes calculation formulas for the flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different system types. Based on this, the coefficients in the flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formulas are modified. The method is simple, the calculation results are accurate, and the versatility is strong. The calculation process does not require looking up tables; only one calculation is needed to help casting designers quickly determine the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the gating system. The calculation workload is small, and the calculation results are accurate and reasonable, which can improve casting efficiency, thereby reducing metal waste, increasing casting yield and surface quality, and helping casting designers achieve better economic benefits.

[0071] To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, this embodiment includes... Figure 8 All castings are located at the parting surface of the upper mold and the inner gating system to obstruct flow. Figure 9 All castings are located at the lower parting surface and ingate, hindering flow. Figure 10 The method of this invention was used to calculate the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system in three cases: the casting is located between the upper and lower parting surfaces and the horizontal runner obstructs the flow. The results were compared with those obtained by consulting the Cassel chart and using the Ozan formula. Figures 8-10 The parting line is located at the intersection of the sprue and the sprue recess. Different risers are used under different parting methods. The Ozan formula (see Formula 3-13 in Volume 5 of "Foundry Handbook (Third Edition) Foundry Technology") uses a hydraulic near-sighted calculation formula to calculate the flow obstruction cross-sectional area. Where G is the total mass of the metal flowing through the obstruction, ρ is the density of the molten metal, t is the pouring time, μ is the flow coefficient, g is the gravitational acceleration, and Hp is the average static head height.

[0072] First, in such Figure 8 The castings shown are all located at the parting line of the upper mold and the sprue, where flow is obstructed. The weight of a single casting is W. 单件 =18kg, the weight of a single riser is W 单冒 =3kg, the weight of the ingate flowing through the obstruction section is W 浇口 =1kg, h=220mm, Δh=80mm, Therefore, the casting gating system at this time is called a low-pressure head casting gating system. The flow obstruction cross-sectional area is calculated using the method of this invention:

[0073] ∑F 阻 =1.014(W) 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 = 1.014 × (18 + 3 + 1) 0.43 =3.8cm 2 The flow obstruction cross-sectional area obtained from the Cassel chart is 3.5 cm². 2 The flow-blocking cross-sectional area obtained using the Ozan formula is 4.2 cm². 2 .

[0074] Table 2 shows the results for examples where all castings are located at the parting line of the upper mold and the sprue, which would impede flow.

[0075] Calculation method This invention Casai Chart Ozan Formula Flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​casting gating system / cm2 3.8 3.5 4.2

[0076] As can be seen from Table 2, when the casting is entirely located at the parting surface of the upper mold and the ingate, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculated by the present invention is between the results of the Cassel diagram and the Ozan formula. That is, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area obtained by the present invention is a more accurate result within the calculation range of the existing methods. Therefore, the calculation results of the present invention are accurate and reasonable.

[0077] Next, in such Figure 9 The castings shown are all located at the lower parting surface and ingate obstruction, and the weight of a single casting is W. 单件 =18kg, the weight of a single riser is W 单冒 =3kg, the weight of the flow passing through the obstructed ingate is W 浇口 =1kg, h=90mm, Δh=210mm, Therefore, the casting gating system at this time is called a high-pressure head casting gating system. The flow obstruction cross-sectional area is calculated using the method of this invention:

[0078] ∑F 阻 =0.767(W) 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 =0.767×(18+3+1) 0.43 =2.9cm2 The flow obstruction cross-sectional area obtained from the Cassel chart is 2.8 cm². 2 The flow-blocking cross-sectional area obtained using the Ozan formula is 3.6 cm². 2 .

[0079] Table 3 shows the calculation results for an example where all castings are located in the lower mold and ingate, creating flow obstruction.

[0080] Calculation method This invention Casai Chart Ozan Formula Flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​casting gating system / cm2 2.9 2.8 3.6

[0081] As can be seen from Table 3, when the casting is entirely located at the parting surface of the lower mold and the ingate, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculated by the present invention is between the results of the Cassel diagram and the Ozan formula. That is, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area obtained by the present invention is a more accurate result within the calculation range of the existing methods. Therefore, the calculation results of the present invention are accurate and reasonable.

[0082] Finally, in such Figure 10 In the example shown, where the casting is located between the upper and lower mold parting surfaces and obstructed by the runner, the total weight of the casting is W. 总件 =36kg, the total weight of the riser is W 总冒 =8kg, the weight of the gate flowing through the obstruction section is W 浇口 =5kg, h=110mm, Δh=190mm, Therefore, the casting gating system at this time is called a high-pressure head casting gating system. The flow-blocking cross-sectional area is calculated using the method of this invention:

[0083] ∑F 阻 =0.767(W) 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 =0.767×(36+8+5) 0.43 =4.1cm 2 The flow obstruction cross-sectional area obtained from the Cassel chart is 3.45 cm². 2 The flow-blocking cross-sectional area obtained using the Ozan formula is 6.4 cm². 2 .

[0084] Table 4 shows the calculation results for an example where all castings are located in the lower mold and ingate, creating a flow obstruction.

[0085] Calculation method This invention Casai Chart Ozan Formula Flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​casting gating system / cm2 4.1 3.45 6.4

[0086] As can be seen from Table 4, when the casting is entirely located in the lower mold and the ingate, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculated by the present invention is also between the results of the Cassel diagram and the Ozan formula. That is, the flow obstruction cross-sectional area obtained by the present invention is a more accurate result within the calculation range of the existing methods. Therefore, the calculation results of the present invention are also accurate and reasonable.

[0087] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0088] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0089] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0090] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0091] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, characterized in that, include: The distance between the parting surface of the casting and the highest point of the molten metal filling is denoted as h, and the distance between the highest point of the molten metal filling and the highest point of the pouring cup is taken as the effective sprue height Δh. The formula for calculating the initial flow-restricting cross-sectional area is derived from the straight runner height curve in the Cassel chart. The criteria α for classifying high-pressure head casting gating systems and low-pressure head casting gating systems are determined, and the different casting gating system types are obtained by comparing h, Δh and α. An empirical dataset of casting pouring is obtained, and the empirical dataset is clustered to obtain different centroids. The centroids are then used to correct the calculation formula of the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area under different casting pouring system types to obtain the final flow obstruction cross-sectional area calculation formula.

2. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the initial flow-restricting cross-sectional area based on the sprue height curve in the Cassel chart is as follows: Establish a fitting curve located at the midpoint between the two curves of the straight runner height curve, and use the expression of the fitting curve as the calculation formula for the initial flow obstruction cross-sectional area.

3. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area is: ∑F 阻 =k(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 , Where, ∑F 阻 W represents the flow obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system, where k is the coefficient to be corrected. 件 W is the weight of the casting. 冒 W is the weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the obstructing gate.

4. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area is applicable to different flow-blocking methods, specifically: When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is ingate obstruction, W in the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area 件 W is the weight of a single casting. 冒 W is the weight of a single riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the obstructing ingate; When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is horizontal runner obstruction, W in the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area... 件 W represents the total weight of the casting. 冒 W represents the total weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the obstructing horizontal gate and ingate; When the flow obstruction method of the casting gating system is direct sprue obstruction, W in the formula for calculating the initial obstruction cross-sectional area... 件 W represents the total weight of the casting. 冒 W represents the total weight of the riser. 浇口 The weight of the flow passing through the bottom of the sprue, the sprue recess, the gating gate, and the ingate.

5. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The judgment criterion α = 0.

85.

6. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system according to claim 3, characterized in that: By comparing h, Δh, and α, different casting gating system types are obtained, specifically: when At that time, the type of casting gating system is a high-pressure head casting gating system, and the calculation formula for the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the high-pressure head casting gating system is as follows: ∑F 阻 =k1(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 k1 is the correction coefficient under the high-pressure head casting gating system; when When the casting gating system is a low-pressure head casting gating system, the formula for calculating the initial flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the low-pressure head casting gating system is as follows: ∑F 阻 =k2(W 件 +W 冒 +W 浇口 ) 0.43 k2 is the correction coefficient for the low-pressure head casting gating system.

7. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: When clustering the empirical dataset to obtain different centroids, the clustering method used is the K-Means clustering algorithm.

8. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Clustering the empirical dataset yields different centroids, specifically: All data in the experience dataset Using the vertical axis as the ordinate and the casting height of all data as the horizontal axis, coordinate data points are established. A clustering algorithm is used to divide the coordinate data points into two clusters and obtain two centroids.

9. The method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The final formula for calculating the flow obstruction cross-sectional area is obtained by correcting the initial formula for different casting gating system types using the centroid, specifically: The ordinate value of the centroid with a value less than or equal to α is taken as the value of the correction coefficient k1 under the high-pressure head casting gating system, and the ordinate value of the centroid with a value greater than α is taken as the value of the correction coefficient k2 under the low-pressure head casting gating system.

10. A method for calculating the flow-blocking cross-sectional area of ​​a casting gating system, characterized in that, include: Obtain the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate that obstructs the flow in the casting gating system to be calculated. Use the calculation method for the obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system as described in any one of claims 1-9 to obtain the final formula for calculating the obstruction cross-sectional area. Substitute the weight of the casting, the weight of the riser, and the weight of the gating gate that obstructs the flow into the final formula for calculating the obstruction cross-sectional area to obtain the obstruction cross-sectional area of ​​the casting gating system to be calculated.

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