Transmission control information for broadband communications

Abstract

A method of operating a feedback radio node (10, 100) in a wireless communication network is disclosed, the method comprising: sending a hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) feedback according to a HARQ feedback timing, the HARQ feedback timing being based on a timing representation in a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation. The disclosure also relates to related devices and methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communication technology, and in particular to high frequency wireless communication technology. Background Art

[0002] For future wireless communication systems, consideration is given to using higher frequencies, which allow communication using large bandwidths. However, using such higher frequencies brings new problems, for example, problems with physical properties and timing. Summary of the invention

[0003] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an improved method for processing wireless communications, in particular to improve the time domain behavior of signaling. These methods are particularly suitable for millimeter wave communications, in particular radio carrier frequencies near and / or above 52.6 GHz, which can be considered as higher radio frequencies and / or millimeter waves. The carrier frequency can be between 52.6 GHz and 140 GHz (e.g., having a lower boundary between 52.6 GHz, 55 GHz, 60 GHz, 71 GHz and / or an upper boundary between 71 GHz, 72 GHz, 90 GHz, 114 GHz, 140 GHz or higher frequencies), in particular between 55 GHz and 90 GHz, or between 60 GHz and 72 GHz. The carrier frequency can specifically refer to the center frequency or maximum frequency of the carrier. The radio nodes and / or networks described herein can operate in broadband (e.g., a carrier bandwidth of 1 GHz or higher, or 2 GHz or higher, or even greater). In some cases, the operation can be based on an OFDM waveform or an SC-FDM waveform (e.g., downlink and / or uplink). However, single carrier waveform based operation (e.g., SC-FDE) may be considered for downlink and / or uplink. In general, different waveforms may be used for different communication directions. Communicating using or utilizing a carrier and / or beam may correspond to operating using or utilizing a carrier and / or beam, and / or may include transmitting on a carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on a carrier and / or beam.

[0004] The methods are particularly advantageously implemented in a 5th generation (5G) telecommunication network or 5G radio access technology or network (RAT / RAN), in particular according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standardization organization). A suitable RAN may in particular be a RAN according to NR (e.g. Release 15 or later) or LTE evolved. However, the methods may also be used with other RATs (e.g. future 5.5G or 6G systems or IEEE based systems).

[0005] A method of operating a feedback radio node in a wireless communication network is disclosed. The method includes sending a hybrid acknowledgment repeat request (HARQ) feedback according to HARQ feedback timing (and / or sending acknowledgment signaling based on feedback timing). The HARQ feedback timing (and / or feedback timing) is based on a timing representation in a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation.

[0006] Furthermore, a feedback radio node for a wireless communication network is described. The feedback radio node is adapted to: send hybrid acknowledgement repeat request HARQ feedback according to HARQ feedback timing (and / or send acknowledgement signaling based on feedback timing). The feedback timing and / or HARQ feedback timing are based on a timing representation in a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation. The feedback radio node may include and / or be adapted to utilize processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry (specifically, a transceiver and / or a transmitter and / or a receiver) for: determining feedback (specifically, ARQ and / or HARQ feedback), and / or sending feedback and / or HARQ feedback, and / or receiving a subject transmission related to the feedback.

[0007] The feedback radio node may be implemented as a wireless device or a terminal or a user equipment. However, in some variants, it may be a network node, such as an IAB node and / or a base station; in general, the feedback radio node may be any node that provides acknowledgment signaling (such as HARQ feedback related to a topic transmission). Sending acknowledgment signaling and / or HARQ feedback may be based on scheduling information (e.g., sent in one or more scheduling assignments and / or grants) for scheduling topic transmissions and / or configuration information (e.g., configuring topic transmissions, such as semi-statically configured transmissions).

[0008] A method of operating a signaling radio node in a wireless communication network is also contemplated. The method includes receiving a hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) feedback according to a HARQ feedback timing (and / or receiving acknowledgement signaling based on the feedback timing), the feedback timing and / or the HARQ feedback timing being based on a timing representation of a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation.

[0009] A signaling radio node for a wireless communication network is proposed. The signaling radio node is adapted to receive hybrid acknowledgment repeat request HARQ feedback according to HARQ feedback timing (and / or receive acknowledgment signaling based on feedback timing), the feedback timing and / or HARQ feedback timing being based on a timing representation in a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation. The signaling radio node may include and / or be adapted to utilize processing circuits and / or radio circuits (specifically, a transceiver and / or a receiver and / or a transmitter) for receiving feedback or acknowledgment signaling or HARQ feedback, and / or sending a topic transmission, and / or scheduling a topic transmission, and / or retransmitting a topic transmission.

[0010] In general, HARQ feedback may be viewed as a specific form of acknowledgment signaling and / or feedback to which the methods described herein may be summarized. HARQ feedback timing may be viewed as a specific form of feedback timing to which the methods described herein may be summarized. Other forms of other acknowledgment signaling or feedback may be, for example, ARQ feedback, etc.

[0011] The signaling radio node may be any node suitable for sending a topic transmission and / or receiving HARQ feedback. Specifically, the signaling radio node may be a network node, such as a base station or an IAB node. In some cases, such as in an auxiliary link or D2D scenario, the signaling radio node may be implemented as a wireless device, such as a terminal or a user equipment.

[0012] The HARQ feedback timing may be based on: a timing selected from a set based on the number of transmissions (retransmissions) (or repetitions) of the subject transmission (occurrence). For example, for a first transmission (or first repetition, or a first received transmission or repetition, for example, a first received transmission block), a timing representation different from that used for another transmission or repetition (e.g., a first retransmission or a first received transmission) may be selected from a set. Specifically, for a first transmission or a first repetition, a timing representation (e.g., a first timing representation) indicating a shorter time interval may be selected compared to another transmission. It should be noted that the first retransmission may represent a second transmission, or more generally, the Lth transmission may correspond to the (L-1)th retransmission. The signaling radio node may send a retransmission based on a received indication of incorrect reception (NACK) and / or based on a retransmission scheme, which may be independent of such feedback or partially independent of such feedback. For example, the signaling radio node may automatically perform multiple retransmissions or repetitions to, for example, achieve a desired BLER or BER and / or a required latency, particularly in the context of URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication). In some cases, each transmission or retransmission may represent and / or include multiple repetitions of the same subject transmission occurrence (different numbers of repetitions may be associated with different transmissions (retransmissions), e.g., having the same payload data and / or transport block and / or code block group and / or data block and / or sub-block). For example, based on the time and / or start and / or number of transmissions, the first repetition may correspond to the first occurrence of the subject transmission sent (e.g., associated with the first transmission). Alternatively or additionally, depending on whether HARQ feedback is determined based on combining (e.g., slow combining) and / or the number of repetitions or transmissions is greater than one, a different timing representation (e.g., a second timing representation, and / or a representation corresponding to a longer time interval) may be selected.

[0013] The methods described herein allow for improved HARQ feedback, particularly in scenarios where the time scale of transmissions or symbols is very short, such as utilizing parameter sets with an SCS of more than 900 kHz or more than 1900 kHz (e.g., 920 or 1920 kHz). For example, the processing time for determining HARQ feedback in the case of slow combining of received transmissions may be greater by at least one symbol time interval compared to the processing time for determining HARQ feedback for only one received transmission (e.g., the first transmission or a repetition); in these cases, a different timing representation may be used.

[0014] Sending HARQ feedback can be based on determining whether the subject transmission has been correctly received or not correctly received. This determination can be based on a merging (e.g., soft merging) of at least two received transmissions (e.g., repetitions) of one occurrence of the subject transmission (e.g., the same HARQ process and / or HARQ ID and / or transport block and / or code block group, or other data block or sub-block grouping or group). Whether the subject transmission has been correctly received or not correctly received can be based on error correction coding (e.g., forward error correction (FEC) coding) and / or error detection coding (e.g., CRC (cyclic redundancy check)). Different transmissions or repetitions of the subject transmission associated with the same occurrence can be encoded the same or similarly (e.g., for error correction and / or error detection), or encoded differently (e.g., according to a redundancy version (RV) and / or depending on the number of transmissions (retransmissions)).

[0015] Receiving HARQ feedback may include: performing a retransmission of the occurred subject transmission based on the received HARQ feedback, or sending a newly occurred transmission. For example, if the HARQ feedback indicates correct reception (ACK), the newly occurred transmission (new data) may be sent (e.g., for a HARQ process or HARQ ID), and / or otherwise indicating NACK, a retransmission may occur.

[0016] The timing representation may indicate a timing, such as a time interval. The HARQ timing or the corresponding time interval may indicate when the HARQ feedback is sent, such that, for example, the interval starts at the end of the transmission timing structure (such as a time slot or sub-time slot) in which the subject transmission and / or the subject transmission occurs or is scheduled. The time interval may represent a plurality of transmission timing structures and / or a plurality of symbols (e.g., block symbols or OFDM symbols or equivalent). The time interval may indicate, for example, a threshold timing, such as a minimum timing, that allows processing and / or determining HARQ feedback. Different timing representations may indicate or represent different time intervals.

[0017] The HARQ feedback may include Nharq bits sent together and / or at one time (e.g., at a PUCCH time and / or a PUSCH time). Nharq may specifically be 4 or less, or 2 or less (e.g., 1 or 2). The HARQ feedback may be based on a transport format (e.g., a PUCCH format), which may, for example, be associated with and / or include Nharq bits or feedback size. The transmission of HARQ feedback and / or the timing in the timing set (e.g., the selection of the timing in the set) may be based on the transport format and / or Nharq or feedback size. The feedback size may correspond to the number of bits to be sent as feedback, for example, in a measurement report or CSI report, the number of bits may be based on or equal to Nharq plus one or more bits for additional information (e.g., scheduling request and / or measurement information). Specifically, if measurement information is included, the feedback size may be greater than 4; for the case where a scheduling request (e.g., 1 bit) is used, the feedback size may be 4 or less, or 2 or less, for example, carrying one HARQ bit and one scheduling request.

[0018] A set of timing representations may include and / or consist of two or more timing representations, which may indicate and / or represent possible HARQ timing or feedback timing. The HARQ timing may be based on a timing representation (e.g., relative to a reference time). The timing representation may indicate a time interval starting at a reference time to indicate and / or represent or define HARQ feedback timing (also referred to as feedback timing or HARQ timing). The reference time may represent and / or include the timing of (e.g., scheduled or actual) reception of a subject transmission (e.g., the end or start of a subject transmission) and / or reception of a transmission that schedules the subject transmission (e.g., the start or end of a scheduling assignment or grant or other control signaling, and / or the start or end of a candidate for control signaling, such as in a CCE and / or control region and / or CORESET). Thus, the time interval indicated by the timing representation may be "anchored" to a reference time with low signaling overhead.

[0019] It can be considered that the first timing representation and / or the second timing representation and / or the set are configured or configurable (for example, using high-layer signaling such as RRC signaling or MAC signaling), and / or are predefined (for example, according to a standard). For example, one or more timing representations of the set can be predefined; alternatively or additionally, one or more representations can be configured or configurable, and / or one or more predefined representations can be overwriteable, for example, configured). The timing representation can generally indicate timing (for example, a time interval) directly and / or explicitly or indirectly and / or implicitly. The timing representation can represent the number of time units (representing time intervals) (for example, a given time interval in seconds or fractions thereof), and / or the number of symbols (for example, block symbols or OFDM symbols or equivalent), and / or the number of transmission timing structures. For example, the timing representation can indicate an integer, which can be understood as referring to a specific time unit. Therefore, flexible signaling is provided.

[0020] It can be considered that the HARQ feedback timing (or feedback timing) can be based on a timing representation selected from a set according to a selection indication. The selection indication can be predefined or received using signaling (e.g., configured or configurable), and / or provided using control signaling (e.g., DCI signaling or DCI message). The selection indication can typically be explicit, such as in a bit field of a message or control information, and / or a parameter of the control information or configuration information. Alternatively or additionally, the selection indication can be based on a signaling characteristic of the received signaling (e.g., control information or control signaling). The selection indication can correspond to the number of repetitions or transmissions (or retransmissions) of the subject transmission (currently occurring), such as scheduled or configured or actually received; in some cases, the selection indication can be configured or scheduled; alternatively or additionally, the scheduling indication can represent a count (counter value) or a buffer state (e.g., a buffer state of a soft merged buffer, such as a total size or occupancy state), or more generally, determined by the feedback radio node. It can be considered that the selection indication indicates whether to perform soft combining, for example, whether to perform ACK or HARQ feedback determination based on the selection indication and / or to provide feedback for the first transmission (for example, in the form of NDI, etc.). When soft combining is not performed, the feedback timing may be shorter than one or more timings indicated by the timing representation of the set (or indicate earlier feedback).

[0021] In some variants, the timing representations in the set are selected based on a selection indication received using control signaling, in particular physical layer control signaling (such as DCI). The selection indication may, for example, correspond to a new data indication or indicator (e.g., indicating the first transmission or repetition of a new subject transmission occurring, respectively), or indicate a number of repetitions or retransmissions.

[0022] It may be considered that error detection and / or error correction is performed based on the selection indication and / or the timing representation in the set. For example, one or more parameters of the error coding characteristic may be based on the selection indication and / or the timing representation, for example, different CRCs and / or different CRC polynomials and / or different numbers of CRC bits may be used for error detection coding, and / or different numbers of bits and / or redundancy versions may be used for error correction coding. This may be known to both the transmitter and the receiver, for example because the corresponding information is predefined and / or is configured or configurable to the feedback radio node, for example, by the signaling radio node.

[0023] In some variants, the first timing representation and / or the second timing representation may represent threshold timing, such as a minimum threshold indicating when the transmission is to be performed at the earliest and / or the transmission must be performed (e.g., in which symbol and / or time slot and / or transmission opportunity), and / or a maximum threshold indicating when the transmission is to be performed at the latest and / or the transmission must be performed (e.g., in which symbol and / or time slot and / or transmission opportunity). Thus, some flexibility may be provided, such as adapting to dynamic operating conditions. The transmission opportunity may represent resources available for transmission, such as resources configured and / or scheduled for a physical channel, such as a control channel (e.g., PUCCH) and / or a data channel (e.g., PUSCH).

[0024] It can be considered that the first timing representation represents a first time interval and / or the second timing representation represents a second time interval, wherein the first time interval can be shorter than the second time interval. The time interval can, for example, indicate the time at which feedback must be sent after receiving and / or scheduling and / or starting the subject transmission (e.g., the start or end of the transmission); it can represent a time slot and / or a symbol for this case.

[0025] In some cases, the subject transmission and / or HARQ feedback to which the HARQ feedback relates may be sent according to a single carrier based waveform (e.g., an SC-FDM based waveform and / or an SC-FDE based waveform). However, variations in which the subject transmission and / or feedback is sent according to an OFDM based waveform (e.g., OFDM in the downlink and / or OFDMA in the uplink) may be considered.

[0026] In some variants, the communication may be based on: a parameter set, and / or a waveform based on SC-FDM (including a waveform based on FDF-DFTS-FDM). Such a waveform may utilize a cyclic prefix, and / or may particularly benefit from the described method. The communication may include and / or be based on beamforming, for example, transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming, respectively. It may be considered that the beam is generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam (e.g., a beam corresponding to a reference beam). Thus, the signaling may be adjusted, for example, based on the movement of the communication partner. For example, a beam may be generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a reference beam. This allows efficient post-processing of digitally formed beams without changing the digital beamforming chain and / or without changing the standard defining the beamforming precoder. In general, beams may be generated by hybrid beamforming and / or by digital beamforming (e.g., based on a precoder). This helps to easily process the beams, and / or limit the number of power amplifiers / ADCs / DCAs required for the antenna arrangement. It may be considered that the beams are generated by hybrid beamforming (eg, by analog beamforming performed on a beam representation or beam formed based on digital beamforming). Monitoring and / or performing a cell search may be based on receive beamforming, such as analog or digital or hybrid receive beamforming.

[0027] Typically, communication may include utilizing a parameter set, and / or based on a waveform based on SC-FDM (also referred to as DFTS-FDM). The parameter set may determine the length of a symbol time interval and / or the duration of a cyclic prefix. The methods described herein are particularly applicable to SC-FDM to ensure orthogonality (particularly subcarrier orthogonality) in a corresponding system, but may also be used for other waveforms. Communication may include utilizing a waveform with a cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix may be based on a parameter set and may help maintain signaling orthogonality. Communication may include and / or be based on performing, for example, a cell search for a wireless device or terminal, or may include sending cell identification signaling and / or a selection indication, and a radio node receiving the selection indication may select a signaling bandwidth from a signaling bandwidth set based on the selection indication to perform a cell search.

[0028] In some cases, the acknowledgment signaling may include other information alongside the acknowledgment information, for example, control information (specifically uplink or auxiliary link control information, such as scheduling requests and / or measurement information, etc.), and / or error detection and / or error correction information, respectively associated bits. The payload size of the acknowledgment signaling may represent: the number of bits of the acknowledgment information, and / or in some cases, the total number of bits carried by the acknowledgment signaling, and / or the number of required resource elements. The acknowledgment signaling and / or information may be related to an ARQ and / or HARQ process; the ARQ process may provide ACK / NACK feedback (and possible additional feedback), and may perform decoding on each (re)transmission separately without soft buffering / soft combining of intermediate data, while HARQ may include soft buffering / soft combining of decoded intermediate data for one or more (re)transmissions.

[0029] A program product comprising instructions is also described, the instructions causing a processing circuit to control and / or perform the method described herein. Furthermore, a carrier medium device carrying and / or storing the program product described herein is contemplated. An information system comprising a feedback radio node and / or a signaling radio node and / or adapted to communicate with a feedback radio node and / or a signaling radio node may be contemplated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the concepts and methods described herein and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. The drawings include:

[0031] Figure 1 , which illustrates an exemplary radio node; and

[0032] Figure 2 , which shows another exemplary radio node. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Mobile broadband will continue to drive the need for large overall service capacity and huge achievable end-user data rates in radio access networks. Several future scenarios will require local data rates up to 10 Gbps. These demands for very high system capacity and very high end-user data rates can be met by networks with distances between access nodes ranging from a few meters for indoor deployments up to roughly 50 m for outdoor deployments (i.e., networks with infrastructure densities much higher than the densest current networks).

[0034] In 3GPP Release 15, a 5G system called New Radio (NR) was specified. The NR standard in 3GPP is designed to provide services for multiple use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and machine-type communications (MTC). Each of these services has different technical requirements. For example, the general requirement for eMBB is high data rates with medium latency and medium coverage, while URLLC services require low latency and high reliability transmission, but perhaps for medium data rates.

[0035] In addition to the traditional licensed dedicated bands, NR systems are currently being expanded to operate on unlicensed bands. The NR system specification currently involves two frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) summarized in Table 1. In order to support the growing mobile services, the NR system is expected to be further expanded in the near future to support spectrum above 5.26 GHz.

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] Table 1: Frequency ranges currently supported by NR systems.

[0039] The downlink transmission waveform in NR is conventional OFDM using a cyclic prefix. The uplink transmission waveform is conventional OFDM using a cyclic prefix with a transform precoding function performing DFT spreading (also known as SC-FDM) that can be disabled or enabled.

[0040] Multiple parameter sets are supported in NR. The parameter set is defined by the subcarrier spacing and CP overhead. μ The basic subcarrier spacing is scaled to derive multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS). The parameter set used can be selected independently of the frequency band, although it is assumed that very small subcarrier spacing is not used at very high carrier frequencies. Flexible network and UE channel bandwidths are supported. The transmission parameter sets supported in NR are summarized in Table 2.

[0041] μ <![CDATA[Δf=2 μ ·15[kHz]]]> Cyclic prefix Support for data Support for synchronization 0 15 normal yes yes 1 30 normal yes yes 2 60 Normal, Extended yes no 3 120 normal yes yes 4 240 normal no yes

[0042] Table 2: Supported transmission parameter sets in NR.

[0043] In FR2, the maximum channel bandwidth per NR carrier may be 400 MHz in Release 15. At least for the case of a single numerology set, a candidate for the maximum number of subcarriers per NR carrier in Release 15 may be 3300.

[0044] Downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames of 10 ms duration consisting of ten 1 ms subframes. Each frame is divided into two equally sized half-frames, each with five subframes. The slot duration is 14 symbols with normal CP and 12 symbols with extended CP, and is scaled in time according to the subcarrier spacing used so that there is always an integer number of slots in a subframe. More specifically, the number of slots per subframe is 2 μ .

[0045] Therefore, the basic NR downlink physical resources within a time slot can be represented as a time-frequency grid, where each resource element corresponds to one OFDM subcarrier during one OFDM symbol interval. A resource block is defined as 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain for the same OFDM symbol interval.

[0046] In NR systems, the HARQ protocol is used to enhance transmission reliability. When the initial transmission (topic transmission) is not correctly received by the receiver, the receiver stores the received signal in a soft buffer and signals the unsuccessful transmission to the transmitter (referred to as HARQ feedback). The transmitter can then retransmit the information (referred to as a transport block in the NR specification), for example, using the same channel coding bits or different channel coding bits. The receiver can then merge the retransmitted signal with the signal stored in the soft buffer. This merging of signals greatly improves the reliability of the transmission.

[0047] In NR, the timing of when to send HARQ feedback (ACK / NACK) is indicated via a bit field in the DCI. The bit field points to an entry in a table containing a slot offset (relative to the PDSCH slot) indicating the slot when the HARQ feedback is sent. The table can be a default table, or it can be configured via RRC signaling.

[0048] In the 3GPP NR standard, downlink control information (DCI) is received through the physical layer downlink control channel (PDCCH). PDCCH can carry DCI in messages of different formats. DCI formats 0_0 and 0_1 are DCI messages used to transmit uplink grants to the UE for transmission of the physical layer data channel (PUSCH) in the uplink, and DCI formats 1_0 and 1_1 are used to transmit downlink grants for transmission of the physical layer data channel (PDSCH) in the downlink. Other DCI formats (2_0, 2_1, 2_2, and 2_3) are used for other purposes, such as transmission of slot format information, reserved resources, transmit power control information, etc.

[0049] PDCCH candidates are searched in a common or UE-specific search space mapped to a set of time and frequency resources, referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) instance. The search space in which the UE must monitor for PDCCH candidates is configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. Monitoring periods are also configured for different search space sets.

[0050] The UE attempts blind decoding of potential PDCCH transmissions in each configured PDCCH candidate within a slot. In any particular slot, the UE may be configured to monitor multiple PDCCH candidates in multiple search spaces that may be mapped to one or more CORESETs. PDCCH candidates may need to be monitored multiple times in a slot, once per slot or once across multiple slots. The complexity of performing this operation at the UE depends on the number of CCEs that need to be processed to test all candidates in a CORESET.

[0051] For DL ​​scheduling, PDCCH provides information about the corresponding PDSCH transmission (e.g., time domain and frequency domain resources, modulation, coding rate, and other applicable information). PDCCH also provides the timing of HARQ feedback to the UE. Based on extensive surveys during the NR standardization discussion, the minimum amount of processing time that should be provided for the UE to complete processing PDSCH and prepare for HARQ feedback transmission is defined in Table 3.

[0052] Subcarrier spacing 15kHz 30kHz 60kHz 120kHz N1[OS] 8 10 17 20

[0053] Table 3: UE processing time (in number of OFDM symbols) for PDSCH processing capability 1 for NR Release 15.

[0054] PA (power amplifier, e.g. as part of a radio circuit) efficiency is expected to decrease at higher frequencies. At higher frequencies, and especially at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, the output power per transistor and the power added efficiency decrease. Waveforms with high power back-off to support EVM and out-of-band emission requirements may further significantly reduce PA efficiency. Low PAPR waveforms designed to minimize PA back-off and maximize efficiency will be considered.

[0055] Given the high data rates and high sampling rates at which the system is expected to operate, the complexity and performance tradeoffs of waveform generation / modulation and reception / demodulation should be considered. Higher Tx DAC effective number of bits (ENOB) is required to accommodate higher PAPR, and additional oversampling in the baseband DSP and Tx DAC may be required to accommodate wider channel bandwidths. All of these are affected by the waveform and should be carefully evaluated.

[0056] Carrier frequency offset and phase noise are much higher in the spectrum above 52.6 GHz compared to lower frequency bands because the imperfections of the PA and oscillator phase noise are more severe. In addition, delay and / or Doppler shift / spread may also become larger with increasing carrier frequency. Therefore, robustness to frequency offset and phase noise is one of the key requirements for systems operating in frequency bands above 52.6 GHz. Increasing the subcarrier spacing of the CP-OFDM waveform can be studied to better cope with the increased phase noise. The impact of phase noise and the ability to robustly handle phase noise from other potential waveforms should be studied.

[0057] One candidate waveform that exhibits low PAPR properties is the DFTS-OFDM waveform. This waveform can be considered in order to reduce the PAPR problem of the downlink in the high frequency band as well.

[0058] Another candidate waveform belongs to the general class of single carrier (SC) modulation. The guard interval (GI) used may contain a cyclic prefix of the input modulation symbol sequence (a sequence known to both the transmitter and the receiver) or a zero-power symbol used to separate consecutive blocks of modulation symbols. After GI insertion, the sequence may be upsampled (N), filtered, and downsampled (↓M) to the target sampling rate for transmission.

[0059] It would be beneficial to be able to support the features of FR1 and FR2 defined in NR with minimal changes (if possible) and to support a common design structure that can support a variety of use cases. In this regard, further consideration of using integer ratios between the clock rates of NR below 52.6 GHz and NR above 52.6 GHz could be studied. One possibility to achieve this goal would be to maintain the NR parameter set scaling principle but extend it to higher parameter sets, i.e. Δf = 2 μ × 15kHz, μ has an appropriate range of possible integer values.

[0060] For any waveform candidate (including DFTS-OFDM and SC waveforms) considered for higher frequency bands, the samples of the generated modulation symbols can be organized in block symbols. For OFDM and DFTS-OFDM waveforms, such block symbols can be referred to as OFDM symbols; in general, OFDM symbols can be considered as examples of allocation units. For ease of representation and specification conventions, such block symbols can also be referred to as OFDM symbols for SC waveforms, even when DFT operations are not involved in the SC waveform transmitter.

[0061] To account for the even wider bandwidth available at higher frequency ranges, as discussed above, higher parameter sets are required that result in shorter slot durations, which may impact the UE PDSCH processing time. One possible approach for obtaining a first order estimate of the required processing time is to fit a model of the current processing time and then use it to extrapolate a new parameter set. Using the criterion of minimizing the sum absolute deviation from the correct processing time, the processing time can be approximated by the following formula:

[0062] The estimated processing time for the existing parameter set and the new parameter set based on the fitted model is shown in Table 4. It can be observed that for higher parameter sets, the processing time required to prepare the HARQ feedback can grow to tens or even hundreds of time slots. This can lead to several deficiencies in operation at higher frequency ranges. It is necessary to design new system protocols and procedures to address this problem.

[0063] One of the main reasons for the long duration of decoding PDSCH is the Hybrid ARQ process: Due to the large storage requirements of the soft values, they are not kept in the processor internal memory, but stored in an off-chip memory. When performing Hybrid ARQ combining, the UE needs to fetch the stored soft values ​​from the off-chip memory, which is very slow compared to the processor internal operation.

[0064]

[0065] Table 4: Estimated UE processing time (in number of OFDM symbols) for PDSCH processing capability 1.

[0066] In case of an initial transmission, no hybrid ARQ combining with previous transmissions is done (because it is the first transmission). The processing of the initial transmission can therefore be much faster than a retransmission (which uses a hybrid ARQ combining with previously generated and stored soft values). The data (PDSCH) decoding time for the initial transmission is therefore much faster than for a retransmission, because no soft values ​​need to be loaded from off-chip memory. The data-to-HARQ time for the initial transmission (in principle, the N1 value) can be much shorter than the data-to-HARQ time for a retransmission.

[0067] In case of an initial transmission, no hybrid ARQ combining with previous transmissions is done (since there is only the first transmission). The processing of the initial transmission can therefore be much faster than a retransmission (which uses a hybrid ARQ combining with previously generated and stored soft values). The data (PDSCH) decoding time for the initial transmission is therefore much faster than for a retransmission, since no soft values ​​need to be loaded from off-chip memory. The data-to-HARQ time for the initial transmission (in principle, the N1 value) can be much shorter than the data-to-HARQ time for a retransmission.

[0068] Several factors affect the UE minimum processing time. One factor is related to the amount of time required to perform a PDCCH blind decoding search. Another factor is related to whether the UE needs to wait for additional demodulation reference symbols (DMRS) in the PDSCH transmission. Another factor is related to the soft combining operation.

[0069] With the increasing addressable bandwidth of NR and its further evolution, there is an increasing need for receivers to buffer large amounts of soft values ​​when a transmission is not successfully received. As this amount of soft buffer increases, it becomes uneconomical to implement a receiver that includes such a soft buffer memory on the same chip used for baseband processing. That is, when a transmission is not successfully received, the soft values ​​can be written to the off-chip memory hardware. Then, when the receiver is processing a retransmission of the same transmission block, the soft values ​​will have to be read back from the off-chip memory hardware. Since accessing the off-chip memory hardware takes much more time than the baseband processor cycles, correct HARQ feedback timing control for the high frequency range needs to take soft combining into account.

[0070] In one approach, it may be considered to define two separate minimum processing times for initial transmission and for retransmission. The minimum processing time for initial transmission may be equal to or less than the minimum processing time for retransmission. Such minimum times may be considered examples of thresholds.

[0071] Alternatively or additionally, an explicit indication of the HARQ feedback time may be considered. For example, the network (e.g., a base station or a network node) may provide and / or indicate, for example in the PDCCH and / or DCI, a HARQ feedback timing (the time from the end of (e.g., scheduled) data to the transmission of the HARQ feedback) that is longer than the HARQ feedback timing for the initial transmission for the retransmission.

[0072] Further alternatively or additionally, explicit indication of the HARQ feedback timing by table lookup may be considered. If, as in NR Release 15, the HARQ feedback timing is explicitly indicated by selecting a slot offset from a table via a bit field in the DCI, two such tables may be configured: one table for initial transmission (it may be considered that, in general, all timings indicated must satisfy the minimum processing time for initial transmission), and one table for retransmission (e.g., all timings indicated must satisfy the shortest processing time for retransmission); the second table may indicate larger values ​​for at least one or more or some or all indexes (e.g., indicated by the DCI and / or bit field) compared to the first table, in particular a minimum value or multiple minimum values ​​for the timing. Based on a field in the DCI (e.g., a new data indicator (NDI) for initial transmission may be indicated), the UE may select the corresponding table and thus the feedback slot and / or symbol. It may be considered that a certain redundancy version (RV) of a transport block is used only for initial transmission; the presence of this RV may also be used as an indicator of initial transmission (and accordingly, as an indicator of the corresponding timing).

[0073] Generally, it can be considered that:

[0074] HARQ_slot=f(DCI_field_data_to_HARQ_feedback, and / or initial_or_re_transmission)

[0075] ; wherein HARQ_slot may indicate: for example, relative to a scheduled subject transmission (e.g., relative to the start and / or end in a time slot, and / or relative to the time slot of the scheduled transmission, and / or relative to the last time slot of the scheduled subject transmission (e.g., in a time slot aggregation); the subject transmission may specifically be data signaling, such as PDSCH signaling or PSSCH signaling), in which time slot and / or symbol the HARQ feedback will be sent.

[0076] The determination of an initial transmission or a retransmission may be based on the received NDI and / or RV fields; the NDI and / or RV fields may be in the scheduling assignment and / or DCI that schedules the subject transmission. It is also possible that the information in the DCI determines not only the HARQ feedback time slot, but more generally the time instance (e.g., symbol, and / or in seconds or fractions of seconds) when the HARQ feedback occurs, e.g.,

[0077] HARQ_timing=f(DCI_field_data_to_HARQ_feedback, and / or initial_or_re_transmission).

[0078] This may be explicit and / or implicit, for example with reference to transmission opportunities for HARQ feedback configuration and / or scheduling.

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, synchronous operation with an implicit indication of the HARQ feedback time may be considered. In this case, the DCI (e.g., a scheduling assignment that schedules the subject transmission, and / or a scheduling DCI or grant that schedules resources for uplink data signaling and / or indicates that feedback will be sent on data signaling resources (such as PUSCH resources)) may not contain any HARQ timing field (or the field may be ignored); instead, the HARQ feedback slot may be implicitly determined based on the slot in which the data is received, and possibly together with some other (configured, predetermined) parameters. Depending on whether the transmission is an initial transmission or a retransmission, the duration from the slot carrying the data (reference time) until the slot carrying the HARQ feedback may be different (shorter for initial transmission).

[0080] More generally, it can be considered that HARQ_slot = f(initial_or_re_transmission). It is also possible that implicit information determines not only the HARQ feedback slot, but more generally the time instance when the HARQ feedback occurs, ie HARQ_timing = f(initial_or_re_transmission).

[0081] Typically, the UE may be configured to indicate and / or may be indicated to the UE (e.g., using control signaling (such as DCI signaling) and / or on the PDCCH): whether it should perform soft combining between transmissions of the same transport block, or whether decoding depends only on a single received copy of the transport block (which in some cases may be considered to correspond to an ARQ process).

[0082] It can be generally considered that when the UE is configured not to perform soft combining, the UE can support one set of HARQ feedback timings, and when the UE is configured to perform soft combining, the UE supports two sets of HARQ feedback timings. The two sets of HARQ feedback timings include at least: a first HARQ feedback timing set applicable to processing initial transmission, and a second HARQ feedback timing set applicable to processing retransmission.

[0083] In one example, when the UE is configured not to perform soft combining, the UE may support a first HARQ feedback timing set, and when the UE is configured to perform soft combining, the UE may support a second HARQ feedback timing set. The second HARQ feedback timing set supported by the UE performing soft combining may be equal to or greater than the first HARQ feedback timing set supported by the UE configured not to perform soft combining.

[0084] It can be generally considered that the HARQ feedback timing (the time from the end of data to the transmission of HARQ feedback) may depend on whether the UE performs soft combining on the data associated with the HARQ feedback. Two separate minimum processing times may be defined for initial transmission and retransmission. The minimum processing time for initial transmission may be equal to or less than the minimum processing time for retransmission.

[0085] Figure 1 A radio node, specifically a wireless device or terminal 10 or UE (user equipment) is schematically shown. The radio node 10 includes a processing circuit (which may also be referred to as a control circuit) 20, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of the radio node 10 (e.g., a communication module or a determination module) may be implemented in the processing circuit 20 as a module in the controller and / or executable by the processing circuit 20. The radio node 10 also includes a radio circuit 22, which provides receiving and transmitting or transceiving functions (e.g., one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), and the radio circuit 22 is connected to or can be connected to the processing circuit. The antenna circuit 24 of the radio node 10 is connected to or can be connected to the radio circuit 22 to collect or transmit and / or amplify signals. The radio circuit 22 and the processing circuit 20 controlling it are configured for cellular communication with a network (e.g., a RAN as described herein), and / or for auxiliary link communication. The radio node 10 may generally be adapted to perform any method of operating a radio node (such as a terminal or UE disclosed herein); in particular, it may include corresponding circuits, such as processing circuits and / or modules, such as software modules. It may be considered that the radio node 10 includes and / or is connected to or connectable to a power supply.

[0086] Figure 2A radio node 100 is schematically shown, which may be specifically implemented as a network node 100, such as an eNB or gNB or a similar node for NR. The radio node 100 includes a processing circuit (which may also be referred to as a control circuit) 120, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of the node 100 (e.g., a sending module and / or a receiving module and / or a configuration module) may be implemented in and / or executable by the processing circuit 120. The processing circuit 120 is connected to a control radio circuit 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver and transmitter and / or transceiver functions (e.g., including one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers). The antenna circuit 124 may be connected to or connectable to the radio circuit 122 for signal reception or transmission and / or amplification. The node 100 may be suitable for performing any method for operating a radio node or a network node disclosed herein; in particular, it may include corresponding circuits, such as processing circuits and / or modules. The antenna circuit 124 may be connected to and / or include an antenna array. The node 100 (its respective circuits) may be adapted to perform any of the methods of operating a network node or a radio node as described herein; in particular, it may include corresponding circuits, such as processing circuits and / or modules. The radio node 100 may generally include communication circuits, such as for communicating with another network node (such as a radio node) and / or with a core network and / or the Internet or a local area network, in particular with an information system that may provide information and / or data to be sent to a user equipment.

[0087] In some variants, the reference signaling may be and / or include, for example, a CSI-RS sent by a network node. In other variants, the reference signaling may be sent by a UE, for example to a network node or another UE, in which case it may include and / or be sounding reference signaling. Other (e.g., new) forms of reference signaling may be considered and / or used. Typically, the modulation symbols of the reference signaling (and, accordingly, the resource elements carrying it) may be associated with a cyclic prefix.

[0088] Data signaling may be on a data channel, e.g., on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel (e.g., a URLLC channel) for low latency and / or high reliability. Control signaling may be on a control channel, e.g., on a common control channel or on a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or include one or more DCI messages or SCI messages. Reference signaling may be associated with control signaling and / or data signaling (e.g., DM-RS and / or PT-RS).

[0089] Reference signaling may include, for example, DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or synchronization signaling and / or sounding signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling (particularly CSI-RS). Typically, reference signaling may be signaling having one or more signaling characteristics (particularly transmit power and / or modulation symbol sequence and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution known to the receiver). Thus, the receiver may use reference signaling as a reference and / or for training and / or for compensation. The transmitter may notify the receiver of the reference signaling, for example, using control signaling (particularly physical layer signaling and / or high-layer signaling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC signaling)) to configure and / or signal, and / or the receiver itself may determine the corresponding information, for example, a network node configures the UE to send reference signaling. Reference signaling may be signaling including one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signaling may be suitable for gauging and / or estimating and / or representing transmission conditions, such as channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal or transmission) quality. It may be considered that the transmission characteristics (e.g., signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) of the reference signaling are available to the transmitter and receiver of the signaling (e.g., due to being predefined and / or configured or configurable and / or transmitted). Different types of reference signaling may be considered, such as those involving uplink, downlink or auxiliary link, cell-specific (especially the entire cell, such as CRS) or device-specific or user-specific (for a specific target or user equipment, such as CSI-RS), demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS) and / or signal strength-related, such as power-related or energy-related or amplitude-related (e.g., SRS or pilot signaling) and / or phase-related, etc.

[0090] References to specific resource structures such as transmission timing structures and / or symbols and / or slots and / or mini-slots and / or subcarriers and / or carriers may relate to specific sets of parameters, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A transmission timing structure may represent a time interval, which may cover one or more symbols. Some examples of transmission timing structures are transmission time intervals (TTIs), subframes, slots and mini-slots. A slot includes a predetermined (e.g., predefined and / or configured or configurable) number (e.g., 6 or 7 or 12 or 14) of symbols. A mini-slot may include a number of symbols that is less than the number of symbols of a slot (particularly, which may be configurable or configured), specifically 1, 2, 3, 4 or more symbols, for example, fewer symbols than in a slot. A transmission timing structure may cover a time interval of a specific length, which may depend on the symbol time length and / or cyclic prefix used. A transmission timing structure may relate to and / or cover a specific time interval in a time stream that is synchronized for communication, for example. A timing structure (e.g., a time slot and / or a mini-slot) used and / or scheduled for transmission can be scheduled with respect to a timing structure provided and / or defined by other transmission timing structures, and / or synchronized to a timing structure provided and / or defined by other transmission timing structures. Such a transmission timing structure can define a timing grid, which has, for example, a symbol time interval representing a minimum timing unit within each structure. Such a timing grid can be defined, for example, by a time slot or a subframe (wherein, in some cases, a subframe can be considered a specific variant of a time slot). A transmission timing structure can have a duration (time length) that is determined based on the duration of its symbols, possibly in addition to the cyclic prefix / multiple cyclic prefixes used. The symbols of a transmission timing structure can have the same duration, or in some variants can have different durations. The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure can be predefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or can depend on a parameter set. The timing of a mini-slot can generally be configured or configurable, specifically, configured or configurable by a network and / or a network node. The timing may be configurable to start and / or end at any symbol of the transmission timing structure (specifically one or more time slots).

[0091] Generally, a program product is considered, which includes instructions suitable for causing a processing circuit and / or a control circuit to perform and / or control any method described herein, in particular when the instructions are executed on the processing circuit and / or the control circuit. Likewise, a carrier medium device is also considered, which carries and / or stores the program product described herein.

[0092] The carrier medium device may include one or more carrier media. Typically, the carrier medium can be accessed and / or read and / or received by a processing circuit or a control circuit. Storing data and / or program products and / or codes can be considered as a part of carrying data and / or program products and / or codes. The carrier medium may typically include a guide / transmission medium and / or a storage medium. The guide / transmission medium may be suitable for carrying and / or carrying and / or storing signals, specifically electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signals and / or optical signals. The carrier medium (specifically, the guide / transmission medium) may be suitable for guiding and carrying these signals. The carrier medium (particularly the guide / transmission medium) may include an electromagnetic field (e.g., radio waves or microwaves) and / or an optically transmissive material (e.g., glass fiber and / or cable). The storage medium may include at least one of a memory, a buffer, a cache, an optical disk, a magnetic storage, a flash memory, etc., which may be volatile or non-volatile.

[0093] A system comprising one or more radio nodes (particularly network nodes and user equipment) as described herein is described. The system may be a wireless communication system, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network.

[0094] In addition, a method for operating an information system can generally be considered, which includes providing information. Alternatively or additionally, an information system suitable for providing information can be considered. Providing information can include providing information for and / or to a target system, and the target system can include and / or be implemented as a radio access network and / or a radio node, specifically, a network node or a user equipment or a terminal. Providing information can include: for example, by triggering different systems or nodes to stream and / or transmit and / or send and / or transfer information, to transmit and / or stream and / or send and / or transfer information, and / or provide information for this and / or for downloading, and / or trigger such provision. The information system can include a target, and / or, for example, is connected to or can be connected to a target via one or more intermediate systems (e.g., a core network and / or the Internet and / or a dedicated or local network). Information can be provided using and / or via such an intermediate system. As described herein, providing information can be used for radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or using a RAN or a radio node. Connecting the information system to the target and / or providing information may be based on a target indication, and / or adapted to the target indication. The target indication may indicate: a target, and / or one or more parameters of a transmission related to the target, and / or a path or connection on which information is provided to the target. Such parameter / parameters may specifically relate to an air interface and / or a radio access network and / or a radio node and / or a network node. Example parameters may indicate, for example, the type and / or nature of the target, and / or a transmission capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or a delay and / or reliability and / or a cost, or one or more estimates thereof. The target indication may be provided by the target, or determined by the information system, for example, based on information received from the target and / or historical information, and / or provided by a user (e.g., a user operating the target or a device communicating with the target) via the RAN and / or an air interface. For example, a user may indicate on a user device communicating with the information system that information is to be provided via the RAN, for example, by selecting from a selection provided by the information system, for example, on a user application or a user interface (which may be a web interface). The information system may include one or more information nodes. An information node may typically include a processing circuit and / or a communication circuit. In particular, the information system and / or information node may be implemented as a computer and / or computer arrangement, for example, a mainframe computer or mainframe computer arrangement and / or a server or server arrangement. In some variants, an interactive server (e.g., a web server) of the information system may provide a user interface and based on user input may trigger the sending and / or streaming of information provision from another server to a user (and / or target), which may be connected or connectable to the interactive server and / or be part of the information system or connected or connectable to the information system.Information can be any kind of data, specifically data intended for use by users on terminals, for example, video data and / or audio data and / or position data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or environmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicle data and / or environmental data and / or operational data. The information provided by the information system can be mapped to and / or can be mapped to and / or is intended to be mapped to communication or data signaling and / or one or more data channels as described herein (which can be air interface and / or used in RAN and / or for radio transmission signaling or channels). It can be considered that the information is based on, for example, target indication and / or target formatting about data volume and / or data rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which is specifically related to the mapping of communication or data signaling and / or data channels. Mapping information to data signaling and / or data channels can be considered to refer to, for example, using signaling / channels on a higher communication layer to carry data, where the signaling / channel is the basis for transmission. The target indication may typically include different components, which may have different sources, and / or may indicate different characteristics of the target and / or the communication path to it. As described herein, the format of the information may be specifically selected from a set of different formats for information transmitted over the air interface and / or through the RAN. This may be particularly relevant because the air interface may be limited in capacity and / or predictability, and / or may be cost-sensitive. The format may be selected to be suitable for a transmission indication, which may specifically indicate that the RAN or radio node as described herein is located in an information path (which may be an indicated and / or planned and / or expected path) between the target and the information system. The (communication) path of the information may represent an interface / multiple interfaces (e.g., air and / or cable interfaces) and / or an intermediate system (if any) between the information system and / or node providing or transmitting the information and the target, through which the information is or will be transmitted. When providing a target indication and / or providing / transmitting information by an information system, for example, if the Internet is involved, the path may be (at least partially) uncertain, which may include multiple dynamically selected paths. The information and / or the format for the information may be packet based and / or may be mapped and / or mappable and / or intended to be mapped to packets. Alternatively or additionally, a method for operating a target device may be considered, the method comprising providing a target indication to an information system. Furthermore, alternatively or additionally, a target device may be considered, the target device being adapted to provide a target indication to an information system. In another approach, a target indication tool may be considered, which is adapted to and / or comprises an indication module for providing a target indication to an information system. The target device may typically be a target as described above.The target indication tool may include and / or be implemented as software and / or an application or app, and / or a web interface or a user interface, and / or may include one or more modules for implementing the actions performed and / or controlled by the tool. The tool and / or the target device may be suitable for and / or the method may include receiving user input, based on which the target indication may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively or additionally, the tool and / or the target device may be suitable for and / or the method may include receiving information and / or communication signaling carrying information, and / or operating and / or presenting (e.g., presenting on a screen and / or as audio or as other forms of indication) information. The information may be based on the received information and / or communication signaling carrying information. Presenting the information may include processing the received information (e.g., decoding and / or converting, specifically converting between different formats, and / or converting for hardware used for presentation). For example, for an automated process for automotive or transport or industrial use, or a target device (such as an MTC device) without (e.g., conventional) user interaction, the operation of the information may be independent of presentation or no presentation, and / or presentation may be performed or continued, and / or there may be no user interaction or even no user reception. Information or communication signaling may be expected and / or received based on a target indication. Presenting and / or operating on information may generally include one or more processing steps, specifically, decoding and / or executing and / or interpreting and / or converting information. Operating on information may generally include, for example, relaying and / or sending information on an air interface, which may include mapping the information onto signaling (such mapping may generally involve one or more layers, for example, one or more layers of an air interface, for example, an RLC (radio link control) layer and / or a MAC layer and / or a physical layer). The information may be imprinted (or mapped) on the communication signaling based on the target indication, which may make it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a target device, such as a network node or specifically a UE or terminal). The tool may generally be suitable for use on a target device (such as a UE or terminal). Typically, the tool may provide a variety of functions, such as for providing and / or selecting a target indication, and / or presenting, for example, video and / or audio, and / or operating on and / or storing received information. Providing the target indication may include sending or transmitting the indication as signaling in the RAN, and / or carrying it on signaling, for example if the target device is a UE or a tool of the UE. It should be noted that the information provided in this way may be transmitted to the information system via one or more additional communication interfaces and / or paths and / or connections. The target indication may be a high-level indication, and / or the information provided by the information system may be high-level (e.g., application layer or user layer, specifically above the radio layer such as the transport layer and the physical layer) information.The target indication may be mapped onto physical layer radio signaling, e.g. associated with or on a user plane, and / or the information may be mapped onto physical layer radio communication signaling, e.g. associated with or on a user plane (particularly in the opposite communication direction). The described method allows providing a target indication, facilitating providing information in a specific format that is particularly suitable and / or adapted for efficient use of an air interface. For example, the user input may represent a selection from a plurality of possible transmission modes or formats and / or paths (e.g., paths) in terms of data rates and / or packet and / or information sizes provided by the information system.

[0095] In general, a block symbol may represent and / or correspond to an extension in the time domain, such as a time interval. The block symbol duration (the length of the time interval) may correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol or to a corresponding duration, and / or may be based on and / or defined by the used subcarrier spacing (e.g., based on a parameter set) or equivalent parameters, and / or may correspond to the duration of a modulation symbol (e.g., for OFDM or similar frequency domain multiplexing type signaling). A block symbol may be considered to include multiple modulation symbols, e.g., based on the subcarrier spacing and / or parameter set or equivalent, specifically for time domain multiplexing type signaling (at symbol level for a single transmitter), such as single carrier based signaling, such as SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (specifically, FDF-SC-FDMA or pulse shaped SC-FDMA). The number of symbols may be based on and / or defined by the number of subcarriers to be DFTS extended (for SC-FDMA), and / or based on, for example, the number of FFT samples used for extension and / or mapping and / or equivalent operations, and / or may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. The block symbol in this context may include and / or contain a plurality of individual modulation symbols, which may be, for example, 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. The number of modulation symbols in a block symbol may be based on and / or depend on the bandwidth scheduled for transmission of signaling in the block symbol. The block symbol and / or the number of block symbols (an integer less than 20, such as equal to or less than 14 or 7 or 4 or 2, or a flexible number) may be a unit (e.g., an allocation unit) for, or may be used for, or intended for, for example, scheduling and / or allocation of resources, particularly in the time domain. For block symbols (e.g., scheduled or allocated block symbols) and / or block symbol groups and / or allocation units, there may be associated frequency ranges and / or frequency domain allocations and / or bandwidths allocated for transmission.

[0096] An allocation unit and / or a block symbol may be associated with a particular (e.g., physical) channel and / or a particular type of signaling (e.g., reference signaling). In some cases, there may be a block symbol associated with a channel that is also associated with a form of reference signaling and / or pilot signaling and / or tracking signaling associated with the channel, e.g., for timing purposes and / or decoding purposes (such signaling may include a small number of resource elements for a modulation symbol and / or block symbol, e.g., less than 10% or less than 5% or less than 1% of the resource elements in the modulation symbol and / or block symbol). For a block symbol, there may be associated resource elements; a resource element may be represented in the time / frequency domain, e.g., by a minimum frequency unit carried or mapped to (e.g., a subcarrier) in the frequency domain and a duration of a modulation symbol in the time domain. A block symbol may include a structure, and / or a block symbol may be associated with a structure that allows and / or includes: multiple modulation symbols, and / or association with one or more channels (and / or the structure may depend on the channels to which the block symbol is associated and / or allocated or used), and / or reference signaling (e.g., as described above), and / or one or more protection periods and / or transition periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g., prefixes and / or suffixes and / or one or more infixes (input into the block symbol)), specifically cyclic prefixes and / or suffixes and / or infixes. The cyclic affix may represent a repetition of the signaling and / or modulation symbols used in the block symbol, with possible slight modifications to the signaling structure of the affix to provide a smooth and / or continuous and / or distinguishable connection between the affix signaling and the signaling of the modulation symbol associated with the content of the block symbol (e.g., channel and / or reference signaling structure). In some cases, specifically in some OFDM-based waveforms, the affix may be included in the modulation symbol. In other cases, for example, in some single carrier based waveforms, the infix may be represented by a sequence of modulation symbols within a block symbol. It may be considered that in some cases, block symbols are defined and / or used in the context of an association structure.

[0097] Communication may include transmission or reception. It may be considered that communication (such as signaling) is based on a waveform based on SC-FDM and / or corresponds to a frequency domain filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM waveform. However, these methods may be applied to a single carrier based waveform, such as an SC-FDM or SC-FDE waveform, which may be pulse shaped / based on FDF. It should be noted that SC-FDM may be considered as DFT-spread OFDM, so that SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM may be used interchangeably. Alternatively or additionally, signaling (e.g., first signaling and / or second signaling) and / or beams (specifically, a first receive beam and / or a second receive beam) may be based on a waveform having a CP or a comparable guard time. The receive beam and the transmit beam of the first beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different angles and / or spatial extensions; the receive beam and the transmit beam of the second beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different angles and / or spatial extensions. It can be considered that the receiving beam and / or the transmitting beam of the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair has an angular extension of 20 degrees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 degrees or 5 degrees or less at least in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction or both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; different beams can have different angular extensions. The extended guard interval or the switching guard interval can have a duration corresponding to substantially or at least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent durations, where N can be 2, or 3 or 4. For a waveform without CP having the same or similar symbol duration as the signaling with CP, the equivalent duration of the CP duration can represent the CP duration associated with the signaling with CP (e.g., it is based on SC-FDM or based on OFDM). Pulse shaping (and / or performing FDF) on modulation symbols and / or signaling, for example, associated with a first subcarrier or bandwidth may include mapping the modulation symbols (and / or samples associated therewith after FFT) to an associated second subcarrier or part of the bandwidth, and / or applying a shaping operation on the power and / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbols on the first subcarrier and the second subcarrier, wherein the shaping operation may be based on a shaping function. Pulse shaping signaling may include pulse shaping one or more symbols; the pulse shaped signaling may typically include at least one pulse shaped symbol. Pulse shaping may be performed based on a Nyquist filter. It may be considered that pulse shaping is performed based on periodically extending the frequency distribution of the modulation symbols (and / or associated samples after FFT) on a first number of subcarriers to a larger second number of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the frequency distribution of the first number of subcarriers from one end is appended to the other end of the first number of subcarriers.

[0098] In some variants, the communication may be based on a parameter set (which may, for example, be represented by a subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length, and / or correspond to and / or indicate a subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length) and / or a waveform based on SC-FDM (including a waveform based on FDF-DFTS-FDM) or a single carrier based waveform. Whether pulse shaping or FDF is used for a waveform based on SC-FDM or SC may depend on the modulation scheme used (e.g., MCS). Such a waveform may utilize a cyclic prefix, and / or may particularly benefit from the described method. The communication may include and / or be based on beamforming, for example, transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming, respectively. It may be considered that the beam is generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam (e.g., a beam corresponding to a reference beam). Thus, the signaling may be adjusted, for example, based on the movement of the communication partner. For example, a beam may be generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a reference beam. This allows efficient post-processing of digitally formed beams without requiring changes to the digital beamforming chain and / or without requiring changes to the standard defining the beamforming precoder. Typically, beams can be generated by hybrid beamforming and / or by digital beamforming (e.g., based on a precoder). This helps to easily process beams and / or limit the number of power amplifiers / ADCs / DCAs required for antenna arrangements. It can be considered to generate beams by hybrid beamforming (e.g., by analog beamforming performed on beam representations or beams formed based on digital beamforming). Monitoring and / or performing cell search can be based on receive beamforming, such as analog or digital or hybrid receive beamforming. The parameter set can determine the length of the symbol time interval and / or the duration of the cyclic prefix. The method described herein is particularly suitable for SC-FDM to ensure orthogonality (especially subcarrier orthogonality) in the corresponding system, but can also be used for other waveforms. Communication can include the use of a waveform with a cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix can be based on a parameter set and can help maintain signaling orthogonality. Communication can include and / or be based on performing, for example, a cell search for a wireless device or terminal, or can include sending cell identification signaling and / or selection indications, and the radio node receiving the selection indication can select a signaling bandwidth from a signaling bandwidth set based on the selection indication to perform a cell search.

[0099] A beam or beam pair may generally be directed to one radio node, or a group of radio nodes and / or an area including one or more radio nodes. In many cases, the beam or beam pair may be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific) such that each beam / beam pair serves only one radio node. Beam pair switching or switching of receive beams (e.g., by using different receive beams) and / or transmit beams may be performed at the boundaries of a transmission timing structure (e.g., time slot boundaries) or within a time slot (e.g., between symbols), and tuning of the radio circuitry may be performed, e.g., for reception and / or transmission. Beam pair switching may include switching from a second receive beam to a first receive beam, and / or switching from a second transmit beam to a first transmit beam. Switching may include inserting a guard period to cover the retuning time; however, the circuitry may be adapted to perform the switching quickly enough to be substantially instantaneous; for switching receive beams, this may be particularly the case when digital receive beamforming is used to switch receive beams.

[0100] A reference beam may be a beam that includes reference signaling, for example, based on which beam signaling characteristics may be determined (e.g., measured and / or estimated). A signaling beam may include signaling, such as control signaling and / or data signaling and / or reference signaling. A reference beam may be sent by a source radio node or a sending radio node, in which case one or more beam signaling characteristics may be reported from a receiver (e.g., a wireless device) to the sending radio node. However, in some cases, a radio node may receive a reference beam from another radio node or a wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signaling characteristics may be determined by the radio node. A signaling beam may be a transmitting beam or a receiving beam. A signaling characteristic set may include multiple subsets of beam signaling characteristics, each subset relating to a different reference beam. Thus, a reference beam may be associated with different beam signaling characteristics.

[0101] Beam signaling characteristics (respectively, a set of these characteristics) may represent and / or indicate the signal strength and / or signal quality and / or delay characteristics of a beam, and / or be associated with received and / or measured signaling carried on the beam. Beam signaling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may specifically relate to and / or indicate the number and / or list and / or order of beams with the best (e.g., lowest average delay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread and / or the strongest and / or best quality beams (e.g., with associated delay spreads). Beam signaling characteristics may be based on measurements performed on reference signaling, which is carried on a reference beam associated therewith. The measurements may be performed by a radio node or another node or wireless device. The use of reference signals allows for improved accuracy and / or metering of measurements. In some cases, beams and / or beam pairs may be represented by beam identification indications (e.g., beam or beam pair numbers). Such an indication may be represented by one or more signaling sequences (e.g., a specific reference signaling sequence, or sequences) and / or signaling characteristics and / or resources used (e.g., time / frequency and / or code) and / or a specific RNTI (e.g., used to scramble the CRC of some messages or transmissions) that may be sent on a beam and / or beam pair, and / or by information provided in signaling (e.g., control signaling and / or system signaling) on ​​the beam and / or beam pair (e.g., encoded and / or provided in an information field, or as an information element in a message of some form of signaling (e.g., DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signaling)).

[0102] The reference beam may generally be one of the reference beams in the reference beam set, and the second reference beam set is associated with the signaling beam set. The associated set may refer to at least one beam in the first set that is associated with and / or corresponds to the second set (e.g., based on the second set (e.g., by having the same analog or digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or the same shape before analog beamforming), and / or is a modified form of the second set (e.g., by performing additional analog beamforming)) (or vice versa). The signaling beam set may be referred to as the first beam set, and the set of corresponding reference beams may be referred to as the second beam set.

[0103] In some variants, the reference beam and / or multiple reference beams and / or reference signaling may correspond to and / or carry random access signaling, for example, a random access preamble. Such a reference beam or signaling may be sent by another radio node. The signaling may indicate which beam is used for transmission. Alternatively, the reference beam may be a beam receiving random access signaling. Random access signaling may be used for initial connection to a radio node and / or a cell provided by a radio node, and / or for reconnection. Utilizing random access signaling facilitates fast and early beam selection. Random access signaling may be on a random access channel, for example based on broadcast information provided by a radio node (a radio node performing beam selection), for example, with synchronization signaling (e.g., SSB blocks and / or associated therewith). Reference signaling may correspond to synchronization signaling sent, for example, by a radio node in multiple beams. These characteristics may be reported, for example, by a node receiving synchronization signaling (e.g., msg3 for contention resolution, which may be sent on a physical uplink shared channel based on resource allocation provided by a radio node) during a random access procedure.

[0104] The delay characteristic (which may correspond to the delay spread information) and / or the measurement report may represent and / or indicate the average delay, and / or the delay spread, and / or the delay distribution, and / or the delay spread distribution, and / or the delay spread range, and / or the relative delay spread, and / or the energy (or power) distribution, and / or the impulse response to the received signaling, and / or the power delay distribution of the received signal, and / or at least one of the parameters related to the power delay distribution of the received signal. The average delay may represent the average value and / or mean of the delay spread, which may be weighted or unweighted. The distribution may be, for example, the distribution of the received power and / or energy of the signal over time / delay. The range may indicate the interval of the delay spread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of the delay spread of the corresponding received energy or power, for example, 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% or more, or 100%. The relative delay spread may indicate a relationship to a threshold delay, such as an average delay, and / or an offset relative to an expected and / or configured timing (e.g., a timing originally based on the arrival of scheduled expected signaling), and / or a relationship to a cyclic prefix duration (which may be considered in the form of a threshold). An energy profile or a power profile may relate to the energy or power received within a time interval of the delay spread. A power delay profile may relate to a representation of a received signal or received signal energy / power across time / delay. A power delay profile-related parameter may relate to a metric calculated from a power delay profile. Different values ​​and different forms of delay spread information and / or reporting may be used to enable a wide range of capabilities. The type of information represented by the measurement report may be predefined, or may be configured or configurable, such as a measurement configuration and / or a reference signaling configuration, in particular, configured with high-layer signaling such as RRC or MAC signaling and / or physical layer signaling such as DCI signaling.

[0105] Typically, different beam pairs may have at least one beam that is different; for example, a beam pair using a first receive beam and a first transmit beam may be considered different from a second beam pair using a first receive beam and a second transmit beam. A transmit beam that does not use precoding and / or beamforming (e.g., using a natural antenna distribution) may be considered a special form of a transmit beam of a transmit beam pair. The transmitter may indicate the beam to the radio node using a beam indication and / or configuration, which may, for example, indicate beam parameters, and / or time / frequency resources associated with the beam, and / or transmission mode, and / or antenna distribution, and / or antenna ports, and / or precoders associated with the beam. Different beams may be provided with different content, for example, different receive beams may carry different signaling; however, there may be considerations where different beams carry the same signaling (e.g., the same data signaling and / or reference signaling). The beams may be transmitted by the same node and / or transmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or by different nodes and / or transmission points and / or antenna arrangements.

[0106] Communicating using a beam pair or beams may include receiving signaling on a receive beam (which may be a beam of a beam pair), and / or sending signaling on a beam (e.g., a beam of a beam pair). The following terms will be interpreted from the perspective of the radio node in question: a receive beam may be a beam carrying signaling received by a radio node (for reception, a radio node may use a receive beam, e.g., directed to a receive beam, or non-beamformed). A transmit beam may be a beam used by a radio node to send signaling. A beam pair may consist of a receive beam and a transmit beam. The transmit beam and the receive beam of a beam pair may be associated with each other and / or correspond to each other, e.g., such that, e.g., at least under stationary or nearly stationary conditions, the signaling on the receive beam and the signaling on the transmit beam travel substantially along the same path (but in opposite directions). It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" do not necessarily indicate a temporal order; the second signaling may be received and / or sent before the first signaling or in some cases simultaneously with the first signaling, and vice versa. For example, in TDD operation, the receive beam and transmit beam of a beam pair may be on the same carrier or frequency range or bandwidth portion; however, variations in the FDD case may also be considered. Different beam pairs may operate on the same frequency range or carrier or bandwidth portion, for example such that the transmit beam operates on the same frequency range or carrier or bandwidth portion and the receive beam operates on the same frequency range or carrier or bandwidth portion (the transmit beam and receive beam may be on the same or different ranges or carriers or BWPs). Communicating using a first beam pair and / or a first beam may be based on and / or include switching from a second beam pair or a second beam to a first beam pair or a first beam for communication. The switching may be controlled by a network, such as a network node (which may be a source or transmitter of a receive beam of a first beam pair and / or a second beam pair, or associated therewith, for example, an associated transmission point or node in a dual connection). Such control may include sending control signaling, such as physical layer signaling and / or high layer signaling. In some cases, the switching may be performed by the radio node without additional control signaling, for example based on measurements of signal quality and / or signal strength of a beam pair (e.g., of a first receive beam and a second receive beam) (particularly the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair). For example, if the signal quality or signal strength measured for the second beam pair (or the second beam) is deemed insufficient and / or worse than indicated by a corresponding measurement of the first beam pair, a switch may be made to the first beam pair (or the first beam). The measurements performed on the beam pair (or beams) may specifically include measurements performed on the receive beams of the beam pair. It may be contemplated that the timing indication may be determined prior to switching from the second beam pair to the first beam pair for communication. Thus, when communication is initiated using the first beam pair or the first beam, the synchronization may be ready and / or the timing indication may be used for synchronization.However, in some cases, the timing indication may be determined after switching to the first beam pair or the first beam. This may be particularly useful if it is desired to receive the first signaling only after switching, for example based on the periodicity or scheduled timing of appropriate reference signaling on the first beam pair (e.g., the first receive beam).

[0107] In general, a parameter set and / or a subcarrier spacing may indicate the bandwidth of a subcarrier (in the frequency domain) of a carrier, and / or the number of subcarriers in a carrier and / or the numbering of subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length. Specifically, different parameter sets may differ in the bandwidth of the subcarriers. In some variants, all subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated with them. Parameter sets and / or subcarrier spacing may differ between carriers, in particular in terms of subcarrier bandwidth. The time length and / or symbol time length of a timing structure associated with a carrier may depend on the carrier frequency and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or the parameter set. Specifically, different parameter sets may have different symbol time lengths even on the same carrier.

[0108] Signaling may generally include one or more (e.g., modulation) symbols and / or signals and / or messages. A signal may include or represent one or more bits. An indication may represent signaling and / or may be implemented as one signal or as multiple signals. One or more signals may be included in a message and / or represented by a message. Signaling (particularly control signaling) may include multiple signals and / or messages, which may be sent on different carriers and / or associated to different signaling processes, such as indicating and / or about one or more such processes and / or corresponding information. An indication may include signaling and / or multiple signals and / or messages and / or may be included therein, which may be transmitted on different carriers and / or associated to different response signaling processes, such as indicating and / or about one or more such processes. Signaling associated with a channel may be sent so that the signaling and / or information representing the channel is represented, and / or the signaling is interpreted by a transmitter and / or a receiver as belonging to the channel. Such signaling may generally conform to the transmission parameters and / or format of the channel.

[0109] The antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna elements (radiating elements), which may be combined into an antenna array. An antenna array or subarray may include one antenna element or multiple antenna elements, which may be arranged, for example, in a two-dimensional manner (e.g., a panel) or in a three-dimensional manner. It may be considered that each antenna array or subarray or element is individually controllable, and accordingly, different antenna arrays may be individually controllable with respect to each other. A single antenna element / radiator may be considered as the smallest example of a subarray. Examples of antenna arrays include one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individually controllable antenna elements. The antenna arrangement may include multiple antenna arrays. It may be considered that the antenna arrangement is associated with a (specific and / or single) radio node (e.g., a radio node that performs configuration or notification or scheduling), and is thus, for example, controlled or controllable by the radio node. The antenna arrangement associated with a UE or terminal may be smaller (e.g., in terms of the size and / or number of antenna elements or arrays) than the antenna arrangement associated with a network node. The antenna elements of the antenna arrangement may be configurable for different arrays, thereby, for example, changing the beamforming characteristics. Specifically, an antenna array may be formed by combining one or more independent or individually controllable antenna elements or subarrays. The beams may be provided by analog beamforming, or in some variants by digital beamforming, or by hybrid beamforming combining analog beamforming and digital beamforming. The notifying radio node may be configured in a beam transmission manner, for example by sending a corresponding indicator or indication, for example as a beam identification indication. However, the following situation may be considered: the notifying radio node is not configured with such information, and / or operates transparently, unaware of the beamforming manner used. The antenna arrangement may be considered to be individually controllable in terms of the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of the signal fed to it for transmission, and / or the individually controllable antenna arrangement may include independent or separate transmitting and / or receiving units and / or ADCs (analog to digital converters, alternatively ADC chains) or DCAs (digital to analog converters, alternatively DCA chains) to convert digital control information into an analog antenna feed for the entire antenna arrangement (the ADC / DCA may be considered to be part of the antenna circuit, and / or connected to or connectable to the antenna circuit), or vice versa. A scenario in which an ADC or DCA is directly controlled for beamforming may be considered an analog beamforming scenario; such control may be performed after encoding / decoding and / or after modulation symbols have been mapped to resource elements. This may be at the level of an antenna arrangement using the same ADC / DCA (e.g., an antenna element or a group of antenna elements associated with the same ADC / DCA). Digital beamforming may correspond to a scenario in which beamforming processing is provided before signaling is fed to the ADC / DCA, e.g., before and / or when mapping modulation symbols to resource elements, e.g., by using one or more precoders and / or by precoding the information.Such a precoder for beamforming may provide, for example, weights for amplitude and / or phase, and / or may be based on a (precoder) codebook selected, for example from a codebook. The precoder may relate to one beam or multiple beams, for example defining the one or more beams. The codebook may be configured or configurable, and / or predefined. DFT beamforming may be considered a form of digital beamforming, in which a DFT process is used to form one or more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming may be considered.

[0110] A beam may be defined by the space and / or angle and / or spatial angular distribution of radiation, and / or the spatial angle (also called solid angle) or spatial (stereo) angular distribution to which radiation is sent (for transmit beamforming) or from which radiation is received (for receive beamforming). Receive beamforming may include accepting only signals from a receive beam (e.g., using analog beamforming to not receive outside the receive beam), and / or cleaning up signals that are not from the receive beam, for example in digital post-processing (e.g., digital beamforming). A beam may have a solid angle equal to or less than 4*pi sr (4*pi corresponds to a beam covering all directions), in particular a solid angle less than 2*pi, or pi, or pi / 2, or pi / 4, or pi / 8, or pi / 16. In particular for high frequencies, smaller beams may be used. Different beams may have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angles and / or ranges). A beam may have a main direction that may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., the center of the main lobe, e.g., related to signal strength and / or solid angle, which may be averaged and / or weighted to determine the direction), and may have one or more side lobes. A lobe may generally be defined as having a continuous or continuous distribution of energy and / or power transmitted and / or received, e.g., bounded by one or more continuous or continuous regions of zero energy (or virtually zero energy). The main lobe may include the lobe with the maximum signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, due to the limitations of beamforming, side lobes will generally be present, some of which may carry signals of considerable strength and may cause multipath effects. Side lobes may generally have a different direction than the main lobe and / or other side lobes, however, due to reflections, the side lobes may still contribute to the energy or power transmitted and / or received. A beam may be scanned and / or switched over time, e.g., such that its (main) direction changes, but its shape (angular distribution / solid angle distribution) around the main direction does not change, e.g., from the perspective of a transmit beam of a transmitter or a receive beam of a receiver, respectively. The scanning may correspond to a continuous or nearly continuous change of the main direction (e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe before the change at least partially covers the main lobe after the change, e.g., at least 50% or 75% or 90%). The switching may correspond to a non-continuous switching direction, e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe before the change does not cover the main lobe after the change, e.g., at most 50% or 25% or 10%.

[0111] For example, from the perspective of a transmitting node or a receiving node, signal strength can be a representation of signal power and / or signal energy. For example, due to interference and / or obstruction and / or scattering and / or absorption and / or reflection and / or loss or other influences that affect the beam or the signaling it carries, a beam that has greater strength (e.g., according to the beamforming used) than another beam when transmitting may not necessarily have greater strength at the receiver, and vice versa. Signal quality can generally indicate how well a signal is received under noise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam does not necessarily have a greater beam strength than the other beam. Signal quality can be represented by, for example, SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, energy per resource element under noise / interference, or another corresponding quality metric. Signal quality and / or signal strength can relate to a beam and / or specific signaling (e.g., reference signaling) and / or a specific channel (e.g., a data channel or a control channel) carried by the beam, and / or can be measured with respect to a beam and / or specific signaling and / or a specific channel carried by the beam. Signal strength may be represented by received signal strength and / or relative signal strength, for example compared to a reference signal.

[0112] The uplink or auxiliary link signaling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signaling. The downlink signaling may specifically be OFDMA signaling. However, the signaling is not limited thereto (filter bank-based signaling and / or single carrier-based signaling (e.g., SC-FDE signaling) may be considered as an alternative).

[0113] A radio node may generally be considered to be a device or node adapted for wireless and / or radio (and / or millimetre wave) frequency communications, eg according to a communication standard and / or for communicating using an air interface.

[0114] A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. A network node may be any radio node of a wireless communication network, for example, a base station and / or a gNodeB (gNB) and / or an eNodeB (eNB) and / or a relay node and / or a micro / milli / pico / femto node and / or a transmission point (TP) and / or an access point (AP) and / or other nodes, specifically a RAN or other wireless communication network as described herein.

[0115] In the context of the present disclosure, the terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered interchangeable. A wireless device, user equipment or terminal may represent a terminal device for communicating using a wireless communication network, and / or may be implemented as a user device according to a standard. Examples of user equipment may include: a phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal communication device, a mobile phone or terminal, a computer (specifically a laptop), a sensor or machine with a radio function (and / or adapted to an air interface) (specifically for MTC (machine type communication, sometimes also referred to as M2M machine to machine)), or a vehicle adapted to wireless communication. A user device or terminal may be mobile or stationary. A wireless device may typically include and / or be implemented as a processing circuit and / or a radio circuit, which may include one or more chips or chipsets. A circuit and / or multiple circuits may be encapsulated in, for example, a chip housing, and / or may have one or more physical interfaces to interact with other circuits and / or for power supply. Such a wireless device may be intended to be used in a user device or terminal.

[0116] A radio node may typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. In some cases, a radio node (particularly a network node) may include cable circuitry and / or communication circuitry, by which the radio node may be connected or connectable to another radio node and / or a core network.

[0117] The circuit may include an integrated circuit. The processing circuit may include one or more processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers) and / or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) and / or FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) and the like. It may be considered that the processing circuit includes and / or is (operably) connected to or connectable to one or more memories or memory arrangements. The memory arrangement may include one or more memories. The memory may be suitable for storing digital information. Examples of memories include: volatile and non-volatile memories and / or random access memories (RAM) and / or read-only memories (ROM) and / or magnetic memories and / or optical memories and / or flash memories and / or hard disk memories and / or EPROM or EEPROM (erasable programmable ROM or electrically erasable programmable ROM).

[0118] The radio circuit may include one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers (a transceiver may operate or be operable as a transmitter and a receiver, and / or may include, for example, combined or separate circuits for receiving and transmitting in one package or housing) and / or may include one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters and / or may include antenna circuits and / or one or more antennas and / or may be connected or connectable to antenna circuits and / or one or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. The antenna array may include one or more antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array (e.g., a 2D or 3D array) and / or an antenna panel. A remote radio head (RRH) may be considered an example of an antenna array. However, in some variants, the RRH may also be implemented as a network node, depending on the type of circuits and / or functions implemented therein.

[0119] The communication circuit may include a radio circuit and / or a cable circuit. The communication circuit may typically include one or more interfaces, which may be an air interface and / or a cable interface and / or an optical interface, such as a laser-based interface. The interface may specifically be packet-based. The cable circuit and / or cable interface may include and / or may be connected to or connectable to one or more cables (e.g., optical fiber-based and / or wire-based cables), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermediate systems and / or interfaces) connected to or connectable to a target, such as controlled by the communication circuit and / or processing circuit.

[0120] Any one or all modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated with different components of a radio node (e.g., different circuits or different parts of a circuit). Modules may be considered to be distributed across different components and / or circuits. The program product described herein may include modules associated with a device (e.g., a user device or a network node) that is intended to execute (the execution may be executed on an associated circuit or controlled by an associated circuit) the program product.

[0121] The wireless communication network may be or include a radio access network and / or a backhaul network (e.g., a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network) and / or a radio access network (RAN) specifically according to a communication standard. The communication standard may specifically be a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G (e.g., according to NR or LTE, in particular according to LTE evolution).

[0122] The wireless communication network may be and / or may include a radio access network (RAN), which may be and / or may include any type of cellular and / or wireless radio network, which may be connected to or connectable to a core network. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for 5G networks, for example, LTE evolution and / or NR (new radio), their respective successor technologies. The RAN may include one or more network nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. The network node may be specifically a radio node suitable for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with one or more terminals. The terminal may be any device suitable for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within the RAN, for example, a user equipment (UE) or a mobile phone or a smart phone or a computing device or a vehicle communication device or a device for machine type communication (MTC), etc. The terminal may be mobile, or in some cases may be stationary. The RAN or wireless communication network may include at least one network node and a UE, or at least two radio nodes. It may be generally considered that a wireless communication network or system (e.g., a RAN or a RAN system) includes at least one radio node, and / or at least one network node and at least one terminal.

[0123] Transmitting in the downlink may be related to transmission from the network or network node to the terminal. Transmitting in the uplink may be related to transmission from the terminal to the network or network node. Transmitting in the auxiliary link may be related to (direct) transmission from one terminal to another terminal. Uplink, downlink and auxiliary link (e.g., auxiliary link transmission and reception) may be considered as communication directions. In some variants, uplink and downlink may also be used to describe wireless communications between network nodes, for example, for wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless) network communication between, for example, base stations or similar network nodes, particularly communications terminated in these places. It may be considered that backhaul and / or relay communication and / or network communication are implemented as auxiliary link or uplink communication or in a form similar thereto.

[0124] Control information or control information messages or corresponding signaling (control signaling) may be sent on a control channel (e.g., a physical control channel), which may be a downlink channel (or an auxiliary link channel in some cases, e.g., one UE scheduling another UE). For example, control information / allocation information may be signaled by a network node on a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / or a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ specific channel. Acknowledgement signaling, e.g., in the form of control information or signaling (such as uplink control information / signaling), may be sent by a terminal on a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and / or a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ specific channel. Multiple channels may be applicable to multi-component / multi-carrier indication or signaling.

[0125] Signaling can generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure (e.g., in time intervals and frequency intervals) that is intended to convey information to at least one specific or general (e.g., anyone who may pick up the signaling) target. The signaling process may include sending signaling. Sending signaling, specifically control signaling or communication signaling (e.g., including or representing response signaling and / or resource request information), may include coding and / or modulation. Coding and / or modulation may include error detection coding and / or forward error correction coding and / or scrambling. Receiving control signaling may include corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error detection coding may include and / or be based on parity checking or checksum methods, such as CRC (cyclic redundancy check). Forward error correction coding may include and / or may be based on, for example, turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding and / or polar coding and / or LDPC coding (low-density parity check). The type of coding used may be based on the channel (e.g., physical channel) associated with the coded signal. Considering that coding adds coding bits for error detection coding and forward error correction, the code rate can represent the ratio of the number of information bits before coding to the number of coded bits after coding. Coded bits can refer to information bits (also called systematic bits) plus coding bits.

[0126] Communication signaling may include and / or represent and / or be implemented as data signaling and / or user plane signaling. Communication signaling may be associated with a data channel, for example, a physical downlink channel or a physical uplink channel or a physical auxiliary link channel, specifically a PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel) or a PSSCH (physical auxiliary link shared channel). Typically, a data channel may be a shared channel or a dedicated channel. Data signaling may be signaling associated with and / or on a data channel.

[0127] Indications may generally indicate explicitly and / or implicitly the information it represents and / or indicates. Implicit indications may, for example, be based on a location and / or resource used for transmission. Explicit indications may, for example, be based on a parameter having one or more parameters and / or an index or multiple indices and / or one or more bit patterns representing information. In particular, control signaling based on a sequence of utilized resources as described herein may be considered to implicitly indicate a control signaling type.

[0128] A resource element may generally describe the smallest individually available and / or coded and / or decodable and / or modulatable and / or demodulatable time-frequency resource, and / or may describe a time-frequency resource that covers a symbol time length in time and covers a subcarrier in frequency. A signal may be assignable to and / or assigned to a resource element. A subcarrier may be, for example, a subband of a carrier defined in a standard. A carrier may define a frequency and / or frequency band for transmission and / or reception. In some variants, a (jointly coded / modulated) signal may cover more than one resource element. A resource element may generally be as defined by a corresponding standard (e.g., NR or LTE). Since the symbol time length and / or subcarrier spacing (and / or parameter set) may be different between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different resource elements may have different extensions (length / width) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, specifically resource elements associated with different carriers.

[0129] A resource may generally represent a time-frequency and / or code resource on which signaling, for example according to a specific format, may be transmitted (e.g., sent and / or received) and / or on which signaling, for example according to a specific format, is intended to be sent and / or received.

[0130] The signaling characteristics may, for example, indicate a channel used for signaling (e.g. a physical channel such as PDCCH or PUCCH or PDSCH or PUSCH or PSCCH or PSSCH) or the type of channel (e.g. a control channel such as PUCCH or PDCCH or PSCCH) or a data channel such as PDSCH or PUSCH or PSSCH). Alternatively or additionally, the signaling characteristics may indicate a search space and / or resources (e.g. time / frequency resources, in particular CCE or control region or CORESET) used for signaling reception and / or modulation and / or MCS (modulation and coding scheme). Other examples of signaling characteristics are the format of the DCI or message and / or payload size and / or resource ID (of the resource carrying the signaling / message).

[0131] Boundary symbols can generally represent the start symbol for transmission or the end symbol for reception. The start symbol can specifically be the start symbol of uplink or auxiliary link signaling (e.g., control signaling or data signaling). Such signaling can be on a data channel or a control channel, for example, on a physical channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) or an auxiliary link data or shared channel, or a physical uplink control channel (e.g., PUCCH) or an auxiliary link control channel. If the start symbol is associated with a control signaling (e.g., on a control channel), the control signaling can be in response to the signaling received (e.g., in an auxiliary link or downlink), for example, indicating an acknowledgment signaling associated therewith, which can be a HARQ or ARQ signaling. The end symbol can represent the end symbol (in time) of a downlink or auxiliary link transmission or signaling, which can be intended for or scheduled for a radio node or user equipment. Such downlink signaling can specifically be, for example, data signaling on a physical downlink channel such as a shared channel (e.g., PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel)). The start symbol may be determined based on and / or with respect to such an end symbol.

[0132] Configuring a radio node, in particular configuring a terminal or user equipment, may refer to adapting or causing or setting and / or instructing the radio node to operate according to the configuration. The configuration may be performed by a network node (e.g., a radio node of a network, such as a base station or eNodeB) or another device of the network, in which case this may include sending configuration data to the radio node to be configured. Such configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or include one or more instructions related to the configuration, for example, a configuration for sending and / or receiving on the allocated resources (particularly frequency resources). The radio node may configure itself, for example, based on configuration data received from the network or network node. The network node may utilize and / or be adapted to utilize its circuit / circuits for configuration. Allocation information may be considered as a form of configuration data. The configuration data may include configuration information and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or one or more messages, and / or may be represented by configuration information and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or one or more messages.

[0133] Typically, configuration may include determining configuration data representing the configuration and providing (e.g., transmitting) it to one or more other nodes (in parallel and / or sequentially), which may further send the configuration data to the radio node (or another node, which may be repeated until the configuration data reaches the wireless device). Alternatively or additionally, configuring the radio node, for example by a network node or other device, may include: receiving configuration data and / or data related to the configuration data, for example from another node such as a network node, which may be a node of a higher layer of the network; and / or sending the received configuration data to the radio node. Thus, the determination of the configuration and the sending of the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by different network nodes or entities, which are capable of communicating via an appropriate interface (e.g., an X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR). Configuring a terminal may include: scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, for example, downlink data and / or downlink control signaling and / or DCI and / or uplink control or data or communication signaling (particularly response signaling), and / or configuring resources and / or resource pools for it. In some variants, the configuration may be at least partially (e.g., according to a standard) predefined or predetermined, and / or may be configurable (e.g., partially, and / or overlaying a predefined configuration), for example, based on signaling from another node.

[0134] If a resource structure shares a common boundary frequency, for example, one as an upper frequency boundary and the other as a lower frequency boundary, then the resource structure can be considered to be adjacent to another resource structure in the frequency domain. Such a boundary can be represented, for example, by the upper end of the bandwidth allocated to subcarrier n, which also represents the lower end of the bandwidth allocated to subcarrier n+1. If a resource structure shares a common boundary time, for example, one as an upper (or right side in the figure) boundary and the other as a lower (or left side in the figure) boundary, then the resource structure can be considered to be adjacent to another resource structure in the time domain. Such a boundary can be represented, for example, by the end of the symbol time interval allocated to symbol n, which also represents the beginning of the symbol time interval allocated to symbol n+1.

[0135] In general, a resource structure that is adjacent to another resource structure in a domain may also be referred to as being adjacent to and / or contiguous with the other resource structure in the domain.

[0136] A resource structure may generally represent a structure in the time domain and / or frequency domain, specifically representing a time interval and a frequency interval. A resource structure may include resource elements and / or consist of resource elements, and / or a time interval of a resource structure may include a time interval and / or consist of a symbol time interval, and / or a frequency interval of a resource structure may include a subcarrier and / or consist of a subcarrier. Resource elements may be considered as examples of resource structures, and time slots or mini-slots or physical resource blocks (PRBs) or parts thereof may be considered as other examples. A resource structure may be associated with a specific channel, for example, a PUSCH or a PUCCH, specifically a resource structure that is smaller than a time slot or a PRB.

[0137] Examples of resource structures in the frequency domain include bandwidth or frequency band, or bandwidth portion. For example, due to circuits and / or configurations and / or regulations and / or standards, the bandwidth portion may be a portion of the bandwidth of a radio node that can be used for communication. The bandwidth portion may be configured or configurable to a radio node. In some variants, the bandwidth portion may be a portion of the bandwidth used for communication (e.g., transmission and / or reception) of the radio node. The bandwidth portion may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a device bandwidth defined by the circuit / configuration of the device, and / or a system bandwidth that can be used for a RAN, for example). The bandwidth portion may be considered to include one or more resource blocks or resource block groups, specifically one or more PRBs or PRB groups. The bandwidth portion may relate to and / or include one or more carriers.

[0138] A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band, and / or be associated with a center frequency and an associated frequency interval. A carrier may be considered to include multiple subcarriers. A carrier may have been assigned a center frequency or center frequency interval, such as represented by one or more subcarriers (a frequency bandwidth or interval may generally be assigned to each subcarrier). Different carriers may be non-overlapping, and / or may be adjacent in the frequency domain.

[0139] It should be noted that the term "radio" in the present disclosure may be generally considered to be related to wireless communications, and may also include wireless communications utilizing millimeter waves, in particular above one of the thresholds 10 GHz or 20 GHz or 50 GHz or 52 GHz or 52.6 GHz or 60 GHz or 72 GHz or 100 GHz or 114 GHz. For example, in FDD and / or carrier aggregation, one or more carriers that such communications may utilize. The upper frequency limit may correspond to 300 GHz or 200 GHz or 120 GHz or any threshold greater than the threshold representing the lower frequency limit.

[0140] A radio node (particularly a network node or a terminal) may generally be any device adapted to send and / or receive radio and / or wireless signals and / or data (particularly communication data) (particularly on at least one carrier). The at least one carrier may include a carrier accessed based on an LBT procedure (which may be referred to as an LBT carrier), for example, an unlicensed carrier. The carrier may be considered to be part of a carrier aggregation.

[0141] Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving or transmitting using a frequency (frequency band) or spectrum associated with the cell or carrier. A cell may generally include one or more carriers and / or be defined by one or more carriers or be defined for one or more carriers, specifically, at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission (referred to as UL carrier) and at least one carrier for DL ​​communication / transmission (referred to as DL carrier). It is contemplated that a cell includes different numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively or additionally, for example, in a TDD-based method, a cell may include at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and at least one carrier for DL ​​communication / transmission.

[0142] A channel may generally be a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel. A channel may include one or more carriers (specifically multiple subcarriers) and / or be arranged on one or more carriers. A channel that carries and / or is used to carry control signaling / control information may be considered a control channel, particularly if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries control plane information. Similarly, a channel that carries and / or is used to carry data signaling / user information may be considered a data channel, particularly if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel may be defined for a specific communication direction or two complementary communication directions (e.g., UL and DL, or auxiliary links in two directions), in which case it may be considered to have two component channels, one in each direction. Examples of channels include channels for low latency and / or high reliability transmission, particularly channels for ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), which may be used for control and / or data.

[0143] Typically, a symbol may represent and / or be associated with a symbol time length, which may depend on a carrier and / or a subcarrier spacing and / or a parameter set of an associated carrier. Thus, a symbol may be considered to indicate a time interval having a symbol time length relative to the frequency domain. The symbol time length may depend on a carrier frequency and / or a bandwidth and / or a parameter set and / or a subcarrier spacing of the symbol or associated with the symbol. Thus, different symbols may have different symbol time lengths. Specifically, parameter sets with different subcarrier spacings may have different symbol time lengths. Typically, the symbol time length may be based on and / or include a guard time interval or a cyclic extension, e.g., a prefix or a suffix.

[0144] The auxiliary link can generally represent a communication channel (or channel structure) between two UEs and / or terminals, wherein data is sent directly and / or without relaying via a network node between participants (UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel. The auxiliary link can be established only via the air interface of the participant and / or directly via the air interface of the participant, and the air interface can be directly linked via an auxiliary link communication channel. In some variants, auxiliary link communication can be performed without interaction by a network node, for example, on fixed defined resources and / or on resources negotiated between participants. Alternatively or additionally, it can be considered that the network node provides some control functions, for example, by configuring resources (particularly one or more resource pools) for auxiliary link communication and / or monitoring the auxiliary link for billing purposes, for example.

[0145] Auxiliary link communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication, and / or in some cases as ProSe (Proximity Service) communication, for example, in the case of LTE. Auxiliary link may be implemented in the case of V2x communication (vehicle communication), for example, in the case of V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) and / or V2P (vehicle-to-person). Any device suitable for auxiliary link communication may be considered a user equipment or terminal.

[0146] The auxiliary link communication channel (or structure) may include one or more (e.g., physical or logical) channels, such as PSCCH (physical auxiliary link control channel, which may carry control information such as an answer position indication, for example) and / or PSSCH (physical auxiliary link shared channel, which may carry data and / or answer signaling, for example). It may be considered that the auxiliary link communication channel (or structure) involves and / or uses one or more carriers and / or frequency ranges associated with and / or used by cellular communication, for example, according to a specific license and / or standard. Participants may share (physical) channels and / or resources (specifically in the frequency domain and / or related to the frequency resources (e.g., carriers) of the auxiliary link), so that two or more participants transmit thereon, for example, simultaneously and / or in a time-shifted manner, and / or there may be specific channels and / or resources associated with specific participants, so that, for example, only one participant transmits on a specific channel or specific resource or multiple specific resources, for example, in the frequency domain and / or related to one or more carriers or subcarriers.

[0147] The auxiliary link may comply with a specific standard (e.g., a standard based on LTE and / or NR) and / or be implemented according to a specific standard. The auxiliary link may utilize TDD (time division duplex) and / or FDD (frequency division duplex) technology, for example, configured and / or preconfigured by a network node and / or negotiated between participants. If the user equipment and / or its radio circuits and / or processing circuits are suitable (specifically according to a specific standard) for example, on one or more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats to utilize the auxiliary link, the user equipment may be considered to be suitable for auxiliary link communication. It can generally be considered that the radio access network is defined by two participants in the auxiliary link communication. Alternatively or additionally, the radio access network may be represented and / or defined by, and / or associated with, a network node and / or communications with such a node.

[0148] Communicating or communicating may generally include sending and / or receiving signaling. Communication on the auxiliary link (or auxiliary link signaling) may include using the auxiliary link for communication (respectively, for signaling). Auxiliary link transmission and / or transmitting on the auxiliary link may be considered to include transmitting using the auxiliary link (e.g., associated resources and / or transmission format and / or circuit and / or air interface). Auxiliary link reception and / or receiving on the auxiliary link may be considered to include receiving using the auxiliary link (e.g., associated resources and / or transmission format and / or circuit and / or air interface). Auxiliary link control information (e.g., SCI) may generally be considered to include control information transmitted using the auxiliary link.

[0149] In general, carrier aggregation (CA) may refer to the concept of a radio connection and / or communication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / or a network node and a terminal or on a secondary link, which includes multiple carriers and aggregation of carriers for transmission in at least one direction (e.g., DL and / or UL). The corresponding communication link may be referred to as a carrier aggregation communication link or a CA communication link; the carrier in the carrier aggregation may be referred to as a component carrier (CC). In such a link, data may be sent over more than one carrier and / or all carriers in the carrier aggregation (aggregation of carriers). Carrier aggregation may include one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / or primary carriers (which may be referred to as primary component carriers or PCCs, for example), on which control information may be transmitted, wherein the control information may refer to the primary carrier and other carriers (which may be referred to as secondary carriers (or secondary component carriers SCCs)). However, in some methods, control information may be sent over more than one carrier aggregated (e.g., one or more PCCs, and one PCC and one or more SCCs).

[0150] A transmission may typically relate to a specific channel and / or specific resources, in particular having a start symbol and an end symbol in time, covering the interval between them. A scheduled transmission may be a scheduled transmission and / or an expected transmission and / or a transmission for which resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, not every scheduled transmission must be implemented. For example, a scheduled downlink transmission may not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be sent due to power limitations or other effects (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier is occupied). A transmission may be scheduled for a transmission timing substructure (e.g., a mini-slot and / or covering only a portion of a transmission timing structure) within a transmission timing structure (e.g., a time slot). A boundary symbol may indicate a symbol in a transmission timing structure at which a transmission starts or ends.

[0151] In the context of the present disclosure, "predefined" may refer to relevant information being defined, for example, in a standard and / or available from a network or network node without specific configuration, for example stored in a memory, for example independent of being configured. "Configured" or "configurable" may be considered to relate to corresponding information being set / configured, for example, by a network or network node.

[0152] Configuration or scheduling (e.g., mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration) can schedule transmissions (e.g., the time / transmission for which it is valid) and / or transmissions can be scheduled by separate signaling or separate configuration (e.g., separate RRC signaling and / or downlink control information signaling). Scheduled transmissions can represent signaling sent by the device to be scheduled, or signaling received by the device to be scheduled, depending on which side of the communication the device is on. It should be noted that downlink control information or specifically DCI signaling can be considered physical layer signaling, rather than high-level signaling (e.g., MAC (media access control) signaling or RRC layer signaling). The higher the signaling layer, the less frequent it can be considered to be / the more time / resources it consumes, at least in part because the information contained in the signaling must be passed through several layers, each of which requires processing and operation.

[0153] The scheduled transmissions and / or transmission timing structures (e.g., mini-slots or time slots) may relate to a specific channel, specifically a physical uplink shared channel, a physical uplink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, or PDSCH), and / or may relate to a specific cell and / or carrier aggregation. The corresponding configuration (e.g., scheduling configuration or symbol configuration) may relate to the channel, cell, and / or carrier aggregation. It may be considered that a scheduled transmission represents a transmission on a physical channel, specifically a shared physical channel, e.g., a physical uplink shared channel or a physical downlink shared channel. For these channels, a semi-persistent configuration may be particularly suitable.

[0154] Typically, the configuration may be a configuration indicating timing, and / or represented or configured with corresponding configuration data. The configuration may be indicated by a message or configuration or corresponding data, and / or the configuration associated with the data, respectively, may be embedded in and / or included in the message or configuration or corresponding data, which may (particularly semi-persistently and / or semi-statically) indicate and / or schedule resources.

[0155] The control region of the transmission timing structure may be a time domain and / or frequency domain interval intended for or scheduled for control signaling (specifically downlink control signaling) and / or a specific control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH)), or a time domain and / or frequency domain interval reserved for control signaling and / or a specific control channel. The interval may include and / or consist of a plurality of time symbols, which may be configured or configurable, for example, by (UE-specific) dedicated signaling (which may be unicast, for example, addressed to or intended for a specific UE), for example, on PDCCH or RRC signaling or on a multicast or broadcast channel. Typically, the transmission timing structure may include a control region covering a configurable number of symbols. It may be considered that typically the boundary symbols are configured to follow the control region in time. The control region can be associated to one or more specific UEs and / or PDCCHs and / or DCIs and / or identifiers (e.g., UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cell identifiers), for example, via configuration and / or determination of the format, and / or represented and / or associated to a CORESET and / or search space.

[0156] The duration (symbol time length or interval) of a symbol or block symbol or equivalent symbol of a transmission timing structure may generally depend on a parameter set and / or a carrier, where the parameter set and / or the carrier may be configurable. The parameter set may be a parameter set to be used for a scheduled transmission.

[0157] The transmission timing structure may include multiple symbols and / or may define an interval including several symbols (and accordingly, its associated time interval). In the context of the present disclosure, it should be noted that references to symbols for ease of reference may be interpreted as referring to a time domain projection of a symbol or a time interval or a time component or a duration or a time length, unless it is clear from the context that the frequency domain component must also be considered. Examples of transmission timing structures include time slots, subframes, mini-slots (which may also be considered as a substructure of a time slot), time slot aggregations (which may include multiple time slots and may be considered as a superstructure of a time slot), or their respective time domain components. The transmission timing structure may typically include: one or more of a plurality of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols or block symbols or partial symbols or equivalent) that define a time domain extension (e.g., an interval or length or duration) of the transmission timing structure and are arranged adjacent to each other in a numbered order. A timing structure (which may also be considered or implemented as a synchronization structure) may be defined by a series of such transmission timing structures, which may, for example, define a timing grid with symbols representing a minimum grid structure. The transmission timing structure and / or boundary symbols or scheduled transmissions may be determined or scheduled relative to such a timing grid. The received transmission timing structure may be, for example, a transmission timing structure for receiving scheduling control signaling relative to the timing grid. The transmission timing structure may specifically be a time slot or a subframe or in some cases a mini-time slot.

[0158] Feedback signaling may be considered as some form of control signaling, for example, uplink or secondary link control signaling, such as UCI (uplink control information) signaling or SCI (secondary link control information) signaling. Feedback signaling may specifically include and / or represent acknowledgment signaling and / or acknowledgment information and / or measurement report.

[0159] The scheduling assignment may include one or more scheduling assignments. It should generally be noted that in a distributed system, the subject transmission, configuration and / or scheduling may be provided by different nodes or devices or transmission points. Different subject transmissions may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in carrier aggregation) and / or the same or different bandwidth parts, and / or on the same or different layers or beams (e.g., in MIMO scenarios), and / or to the same or different ports. Typically, the subject transmission may be associated with different HARQ processes (or different sub-processes, such as in MIMO, with different beams / layers associated with the same process identifier, but with different sub-process identifiers, such as exchange bits). The scheduling assignment and / or HARQ codebook may indicate a target HARQ structure. The target HARQ structure may, for example, indicate an expected HARQ response to the subject transmission, such as the number of bits and / or whether a code block group level response is provided. However, it should be noted that the actual structure used may be different from the target structure, for example, because the total size of the target structure for the sub-mode is greater than the predetermined size.

[0160] Sending acknowledgment signaling (also referred to as sending acknowledgment information or feedback information or simply referred to as HARQ feedback or feedback or report feedback) may include and / or be based on: determining correct or incorrect reception of a topic transmission, for example, based on error coding and / or based on a scheduling assignment for scheduling a topic transmission. Sending acknowledgment information may be based on and / or include a structure for sending acknowledgment information, such as a structure of one or more sub-modes, such as based on which topic transmission is scheduled for an associated segment. Sending acknowledgment information may include sending corresponding signaling, for example, at one time and / or in a message and / or in a channel, specifically in a physical channel that may be a control channel. In some cases, such as using rate matching of acknowledgment information, the channel may be a shared channel or a data channel. The acknowledgment information may generally be related to multiple topic transmissions, which may be on different channels and / or carriers, and / or may include data signaling and / or control signaling. The acknowledgment information may be based on a codebook, which may be based on one or more size indications and / or assignment indications (indicating a HARQ structure), which may be received using multiple control signaling and / or control messages, for example in the same or different transmission timing structures, and / or in the same or different (target) resource sets. Sending the acknowledgment information may include, for example, determining the codebook based on the configuration and / or control information in one or more control information messages. The codebook may involve sending the acknowledgment information at a single moment and / or a specific moment (e.g., a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission) and / or in one message or together with jointly coded and / or modulated acknowledgment information. Typically, the acknowledgment information may be sent together with other control information (e.g., scheduling requests and / or measurement information).

[0161] The theme transmission may include one or more separate transmissions. It can be considered that the theme transmission may be data signaling and / or control signaling. The transmission may be on a shared or dedicated channel. Data signaling may be on a data channel, for example, on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel (e.g., a URLLC channel) for low latency and / or high reliability, for example. Control signaling may be on a control channel, for example, on a common control channel or on a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or include one or more DCI messages or SCI messages. In some cases, the theme transmission may include or represent reference signaling. For example, reference signaling may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or detection signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling (particularly CSI-RS). The theme transmission may be related to a scheduling assignment and / or a response signaling process (e.g., based on an identifier or sub-identifier) ​​and / or a subdivision. In some cases, a topic transmission may cross the boundaries of a segment in time, or even more than one segment, for example, due to being scheduled to start from one segment and extend to another segment. In this case, a topic transmission may be considered to be associated with the segment at which it ends.

[0162] It can be considered that sending the acknowledgement information, in particular the acknowledgement information of the acknowledgement information, is based on determining whether the subject transmission has been correctly received, for example based on error coding and / or reception quality. The reception quality can be based on the determined signal quality, for example. The acknowledgement information can generally be sent to a signaling radio node and / or a node arrangement and / or a network.

[0163] The bits of the response information or the sub-pattern structure of such information may represent and / or include one or more bits, in particular a bit pattern. A plurality of bits associated with a data structure or sub-structure or a message (such as a control message) may be considered as a sub-pattern. The structure or arrangement of the response information may indicate the order, and / or meaning, and / or mapping, and / or bit pattern (or bit sub-pattern) of the information. The structure or mapping may specifically indicate one or more data block structures (e.g., code blocks and / or code block groups and / or transport blocks and / or messages related to the acknowledgment information (e.g., command messages), and / or which bits or bit sub-patterns are associated with which data block structure. In some cases, the mapping may be related to one or more acknowledgment signaling procedures (e.g., procedures with different identifiers and / or one or more different data streams). The configuration or structure or codebook may indicate which procedures and / or which data streams the information is related to. In general, the acknowledgment information may include one or more sub-patterns, each of which may be related to a data block structure (e.g., code blocks or code block groups or transport blocks). The sub-pattern may be arranged to indicate a positive or negative acknowledgment of the associated data block structure, or another retransmission situation (e.g., non-scheduled or non-received). The sub-pattern may be considered to include one bit, or in some cases more than one bit. It should be noted that the acknowledgment information may undergo significant processing before being sent using acknowledgment signaling. Different configurations may indicate different sizes and / or mappings and / or structures and / or patterns.

[0164] The acknowledgment signaling process (providing acknowledgment information) may be a HARQ process and / or may be identified by a process identifier (e.g., a HARQ process identifier or sub-identifier). Acknowledgment signaling and / or associated acknowledgment information may be referred to as feedback or acknowledgment feedback. It should be noted that a data block or structure that may be associated with a sub-mode may be intended to carry data (e.g., information bits and / or system bits and / or coding bits). However, depending on the transmission conditions, such data may be received or not received (or not received correctly), which may be indicated accordingly in the feedback. In some cases, for example, if the acknowledgment information of the data block requires fewer bits than the bits indicated as the size of the sub-mode, the sub-mode of the acknowledgment signaling may include padding bits. For example, this may occur if the size is indicated by a unit size that is larger than that required for the feedback.

[0165] The acknowledgment information may typically indicate at least an ACK or a NACK, for example, the ACK or the NACK is related to an element or message (specifically, a control message) of an acknowledgment signaling process or a data block structure (such as a data block, a sub-block group or a sub-block). Typically, for an acknowledgment signaling process, there may be an associated specific sub-mode and / or data block structure for which the acknowledgment information may be provided. The acknowledgment information may include multiple pieces of information represented by multiple HARQ structures.

[0166] The response signaling process can determine the correct or incorrect reception and / or corresponding response information of a data block (such as a transport block) and / or its substructure based on the coded bits associated with the data block and / or based on the coded bits associated with one or more data blocks and / or sub-blocks and / or sub-block groups. The response information (determined by the response signaling process) can be related to the entire data block, and / or to one or more sub-blocks or sub-block groups. A code block can be considered as an example of a sub-block, and a code block group can be considered as an example of a sub-block group. Therefore, the associated sub-mode can include one or more bits indicating the reception state or feedback of the data block, and / or one or more bits indicating the reception state or feedback of one or more sub-blocks or sub-block groups. Each sub-mode or bit of a sub-mode can be associated and / or mapped to a specific data block or sub-block or sub-block group. In some variants, if all sub-blocks or sub-block groups are correctly identified, the correct reception of the data block can be indicated. In this case, the sub-mode can represent the response information of the entire data block, which reduces the overhead compared to providing response information for a sub-block or sub-block group. The smallest structure (e.g., sub-block / sub-block group / data block) for which a sub-mode provides acknowledgment information and / or is associated with it can be considered to be the (highest) resolution of the sub-mode. In some variants, the sub-mode can provide acknowledgment information with respect to several elements of the data block structure and / or at different resolutions, for example to allow more specific error detection. For example, even if the sub-mode indicates acknowledgment signaling related to the entire data block, in some variants, a higher resolution (e.g., sub-block or sub-block group resolution) can also be provided by the sub-mode. The sub-mode can typically include: one or more bits indicating ACK / NACK for the data block, and / or one or more bits for indicating ACK / NACK for a sub-block or sub-block group or more than one sub-block or sub-block group.

[0167] A sub-block and / or a sub-block group may include information bits (indicating data to be sent, such as user data and / or downlink / auxiliary link data or uplink data). It may be considered that a data block and / or a sub-block and / or a sub-block group also includes one or more error detection bits, which may be related to and / or determined based on the information bits (for a sub-block group, the error detection bits may be determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of the sub-blocks of the sub-block group). A data block or a sub-structure (such as a sub-block or a sub-block group) may include error correction bits, which may be specifically based on the information bits and error detection bits of the block or sub-structure, for example, determined using an error correction coding scheme (such as LDPC or polarization coding). Typically, error correction coding of a data block structure (and / or associated bits) may cover and / or be related to the information bits and error detection bits of the structure. A sub-block group may represent a combination of one or more code blocks (corresponding bits, respectively). A data block may represent a code block or a code block group, or a combination of more than one code block group. For example, based on the bit size of the information bits of the high-level data structure provided for error coding and / or the size requirements or preferences for error coding (specifically, error correction coding), the transport block can be divided into code blocks and / or code block groups. Such high-level data structures are sometimes also referred to as transport blocks, which in this context represent information bits without the error coding bits described herein, although, for example, for Internet protocols (such as TCP), high-level error handling information may be included. However, such error handling information represents information bits in the context of the present disclosure because the described response signaling process handles it accordingly.

[0168] In some variations, a sub-block (such as a code block) may include an error correction bit, which may be determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits of the sub-block. The error correction coding scheme may be used to determine the error correction bits, for example, based on LDPC or polar coding or Reed-Mueller coding. In some cases, it may be considered that a sub-block or code block is defined as a block or pattern of bits, which includes information bits, error detection bits determined based on the information bits, and error correction bits determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits. It may be considered that in a sub-block (e.g., a code block), the information bits (and possible error correction bits) are protected and / or covered by an error correction scheme or corresponding error correction bits. A code block group may include one or more code blocks. In some variations, no additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied, however, one or both of them may be considered to be applied. A transport block may include one or more code block groups. It may be considered that no additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied to a transport block, however, one or both of them may be considered to be applied. In some specific variations, the code block group does not include an additional layer of error detection or error correction coding, and the transport block may include only additional error detection coding bits, but not additional error correction coding. This may be particularly true if the transport block size is larger than the code block size and / or the maximum size for error correction coding. The sub-mode of the acknowledgment signaling (specifically, indicating ACK or NACK) may be related to the code block, for example, indicating whether the code block has been correctly received. The sub-mode may be considered to be related to a sub-group (such as a code block group) or a data block (such as a transport block). In this case, if all sub-blocks or code blocks of the group or data / transport block are correctly received (for example, based on a logical "and" operation), the sub-mode may indicate ACK, and if at least one sub-block or code block is not correctly received, the sub-mode indicates NACK or another case of incorrect reception. It should be noted that if the code block has not only actually been correctly received, but it can also be correctly reconstructed based on soft combining and / or error correction coding, the code block can be considered to be correctly received.

[0169] The sub-mode / HARQ structure may be associated with an acknowledgment signaling process and / or a carrier (such as a component carrier) and / or a data block structure or data block. Specifically, it may be considered that a (e.g., specific and / or single) sub-mode is related to (e.g., mapped by a codebook to) a (e.g., specific and / or single) acknowledgment signaling process (e.g., a specific and / or single HARQ process). It may be considered that, in a bit pattern, the sub-mode is mapped to an acknowledgment signaling process and / or a data block or data block structure in a one-to-one manner. In some variants, for example, if multiple data streams sent on a carrier pass through an acknowledgment signaling process, there may be multiple sub-modes (and / or associated acknowledgment signaling processes) associated with the same component carrier. The sub-mode may include one or more bits, the number of which may be considered to represent its size or bit size. Different bit n-tuples (n is 1 or greater) of the sub-mode may be associated with different elements of a data block structure (e.g., a data block or a sub-block or a sub-block group), and / or represent different resolutions. The following variants may be considered: wherein only one resolution is represented by a bit pattern, e.g. a data block. A bit n-tuple may represent acknowledgement information (also referred to as feedback), in particular ACK or NACK, and optionally (if n>1), may represent DTX / DRX or other reception situations. ACK / NACK may be represented by one bit or by more than one bit, e.g. to improve the ambiguity of the bit sequence representing ACK or NACK, and / or to improve transmission reliability.

[0170] The acknowledgement information or feedback information may relate to a plurality of different transmissions, which may be associated with and / or represented by a data block structure (respectively associated data blocks or data signaling). The data block structure and / or the corresponding blocks and / or signaling may be scheduled for simultaneous transmission, for example for the same transmission timing structure, in particular within the same time slot or subframe, and / or on the same symbol. However, alternatives for scheduling non-simultaneous transmissions may be considered. For example, the acknowledgement information may relate to data blocks scheduled for different transmission timing structures (e.g., different time slots (or mini-slots, or time slots and mini-slots, etc.), which may be received (or not received or received erroneously) accordingly. The scheduling signaling may typically include indicating resources, for example, time and / or frequency resources for receiving or sending the scheduled signaling.

[0171] Signaling using resources or resource structures and / or on resources or resource structures and / or associated with resources or resource structures can be signaling covering resources or structures, signaling on associated one or more frequencies and / or within one or more associated time intervals. It can be considered that the signaling resource structure includes and / or contains one or more substructures, which can be associated with one or more different channels and / or signaling types, and / or include one or more holes (one or more resource elements are not scheduled for transmission or reception of transmission). Within the associated interval, the resource substructure (e.g., feedback resource structure) can usually be continuous in time and / or frequency. It can be considered that the substructure (especially the feedback resource structure) represents a rectangle filled with one or more resource elements in the time / frequency space. However, in some cases, the resource structure or substructure (especially the frequency resource range) can represent a discontinuous pattern of resources in one or more domains (e.g., time and / or frequency). The resource elements of the substructure can be scheduled for associated signaling.

[0172] Example types of signaling include signaling for specific communication directions, in particular uplink signaling, downlink signaling, auxiliary link signaling, and reference signaling (e.g., SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signaling, control signaling and / or signaling associated with specific channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).

[0173] In the context of the present disclosure, a distinction may be made between dynamically scheduled or aperiodic transmissions and / or configurations and semi-static or semi-persistent or periodic transmissions and / or configurations. The term "dynamic" or similar terms may generally relate to a configuration / transmission that is valid and / or scheduled and / or configured for a (relatively) short time range and / or (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or limited and / or determined) number of occurrences and / or transmission timing structures (e.g., one or more transmission timing structures (e.g., time slots or time slot aggregations)) and / or for one or more (e.g., a specific number of) transmissions / occurrences. Dynamic configuration may be based on low-level signaling, e.g., control signaling on the physical layer and / or MAC layer, specifically in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodicity / semi-static may be associated with a longer time range (e.g., several time slots and / or more than one frame) and / or an undefined number of occurrences (e.g., until the dynamic configuration contradicts or until a new periodic configuration arrives). The periodic or semi-static configuration may be based on high-layer signaling (particularly RCL layer signaling and / or RRC signaling and / or MAC signaling) and / or configured using high-layer signaling.

[0174] In the present disclosure, for the purpose of explanation rather than limitation, specific details (such as specific network functions, processing and signaling steps) are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the technology presented herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may be practiced in other variations and modifications that differ from these specific details.

[0175] For example, concepts and variants are partially described in the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) or new radio mobile or wireless communication technologies; however, this does not exclude the use of the present concepts and aspects in conjunction with additional or alternative mobile communication technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards such as IEEE802.11ad or IEEE 802.11ay. Although the described variants may be related to certain technical specifications (TS) of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it should be understood that the present methods, concepts and aspects may also be implemented in conjunction with different performance management (PM) specifications.

[0176] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services, functions, and steps explained herein may be implemented using software functions in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor or implemented using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a general purpose computer. It is also understood that although the variations described herein are set forth in the context of methods and apparatus, the concepts and aspects presented herein may also be embodied in program products and systems including control circuitry (e.g., a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor), wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products that perform the services, functions, and steps disclosed herein.

[0177] It is believed that the advantages and variations of the aspects presented herein will be fully understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made to the form, structure and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereof without departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or without sacrificing all of their beneficial effects. The aspects presented herein may be varied in many ways.

[0178] Some useful abbreviations include:

[0179] Abbreviations

[0180] ACK / NACK positive acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement

[0181] ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

[0182] BER Bit Error Rate

[0183] BLER Block Error Rate

[0184] BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

[0185] BWP Bandwidth Part

[0186] CAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Cross Correlation

[0187] CB Code Block

[0188] CBG Code Block Group

[0189] CCE Control Channel Element

[0190] CDM Code Division Multiplexing

[0191] CM cubic measurement

[0192] CORESET Control Resource Set

[0193] CQI Channel Quality Information

[0194] CRB Common Resource Block

[0195] CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0196] CRS Common Reference Signal

[0197] CSI Channel State Information

[0198] CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0199] DAI Downlink Assignment Indicator

[0200] DCI Downlink Control Information

[0201] DFT Discrete Fourier Transform

[0202] DFTS-FDM DFT Extended FDM

[0203] DM(-)RS Demodulation Reference Signal (Signaling)

[0204] eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

[0205] FDD Frequency Division Duplex

[0206] FDE Frequency Domain Equalization

[0207] FDF Frequency Domain Filtering

[0208] FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0209] FR1 Frequency range defined in 3GPPTS38.1041

[0210] FR2 Frequency range 2 defined in 3GPPTS38.104

[0211] HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0212] IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul

[0213] IE Cell

[0214] IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

[0215] MBB Mobile Broadband

[0216] MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

[0217] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0218] MRC Maximum Ratio Combining

[0219] MRT Maximum Ratio Transmission

[0220] MU-MIMO Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0221] OFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access

[0222] PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio

[0223] PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel

[0224] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0225] PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0226] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

[0227] PRB Physical Resource Block

[0228] PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

[0229] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0230] (P)SCCH (Physical) Secondary Link Control Channel

[0231] PSD Power Spectral Density

[0232] PSS Primary Synchronization Signal (Signaling)

[0233] (P)SSCH (Physical) Secondary Link Shared Channel

[0234] QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

[0235] QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

[0236] RAN Radio Access Network

[0237] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0238] RB Resource Block

[0239] REG Resource Element Group

[0240] RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0241] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0242] RX Receiver, Receive, Receive Related / Side

[0243] SA Scheduling Assignment

[0244] SC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization

[0245] SC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access

[0246] SCI Secondary Link Control Information

[0247] SIB System Information Block

[0248] SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio

[0249] SIR Signal-to-Interference Ratio

[0250] SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

[0251] SR Scheduling Request

[0252] SRS Sounding Reference Signal (Signaling)

[0253] SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal (Signaling)

[0254] SVD Singular Value Decomposition

[0255] TB Transfer Block

[0256] TDD Time Division Duplex

[0257] TDM Time Division Multiplexing

[0258] TX transmitter, transmit, transmit related / side

[0259] UCI Uplink Control Information

[0260] UE User Equipment

[0261] URLLC Ultra-Low Latency Highly Reliable Communications

[0262] VL-MIMO Very Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0263] VRB Virtual Resource Block

[0264] ZF Force Zero

[0265] ZP Zero power, e.g., muted CSI-RS symbols

[0266] Consider following the abbreviations used by 3GPP, if applicable.

Claims

1. A method of operating a feedback radio node (10, 100) in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: sending a hybrid acknowledgement repeat request HARQ feedback according to HARQ feedback timing, the HARQ feedback timing being based on a timing representation of a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation, The subject transmission involved in the HARQ feedback and / or the HARQ feedback are sent according to a waveform based on a single carrier.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation and / or the set are configured or configurable and / or are predefined.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on the selection indication.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on a selection indication received using control signaling.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: Error detection and / or error correction is performed based on the selection indication and / or the timing representations in the set.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation represents a threshold timing.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The first timing representation represents a first time interval and / or the second timing representation represents a second time interval, wherein the first time interval can be shorter than the second time interval.

8. A feedback radio node (10, 100) for a wireless communication network, the feedback radio node (10, 100) being adapted to: sending a hybrid acknowledgement repeat request HARQ feedback according to HARQ feedback timing, the HARQ feedback timing being based on a timing representation of a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation, in, The subject transmission to which the HARQ feedback relates and / or the HARQ feedback is sent according to a single carrier based waveform.

9. The feedback radio node (10, 100) according to claim 8, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation and / or the set are configured or configurable and / or are predefined.

10. The feedback radio node (10, 100) according to claim 8, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on the selection indication.

11. The feedback radio node (10, 100) according to claim 8, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on a selection indication received using control signaling.

12. The feedback radio node (10, 100) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: Error detection and / or error correction is performed based on the selection indication and / or the timing representations in the set.

13. The feedback radio node (10, 100) according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation represents a threshold timing.

14. The feedback radio node (10, 100) according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein: The first timing representation represents a first time interval and / or the second timing representation represents a second time interval, wherein the first time interval can be shorter than the second time interval.

15. A method of operating a signaling radio node (10, 100) in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: receiving a hybrid acknowledgement repeat request HARQ feedback according to HARQ feedback timing based on a timing representation of a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation, The subject transmission involved in the HARQ feedback and / or the HARQ feedback are sent according to a waveform based on a single carrier.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation and / or the set are configured or configurable and / or are predefined.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on the selection indication.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on a selection indication received using control signaling.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein: Error detection and / or error correction is performed based on the selection indication and / or the timing representations in the set.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation represents a threshold timing.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein: The first timing representation represents a first time interval and / or the second timing representation represents a second time interval, wherein the first time interval can be shorter than the second time interval.

22. A signalling radio node (10, 100) for a wireless communication network, the signalling radio node being adapted to: receiving a hybrid acknowledgement repeat request HARQ feedback according to HARQ feedback timing based on a timing representation of a set including a first timing representation and a second timing representation, in, The subject transmission to which the HARQ feedback relates and / or the HARQ feedback is sent according to a single carrier based waveform.

23. The signaling radio node (10, 100) according to claim 22, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation and / or the set are configured or configurable and / or are predefined.

24. The signaling radio node (10, 100) according to claim 22, wherein: The timing representations in the set are selected based on the selection indication.

25. The signaling radio node (10, 100) according to claim 22, wherein The timing representations in the set are selected based on a selection indication received using control signaling.

26. The signaling radio node (10, 100) according to claim 24 or 25, wherein: Error detection and / or error correction is performed based on the selection indication and / or the timing representations in the set.

27. The signaling radio node (10, 100) according to any one of claims 22-25, wherein: The first timing representation and / or the second timing representation represents a threshold timing.

28. The signaling radio node (10, 100) according to any one of claims 22-25, wherein: The first timing representation represents a first time interval and / or the second timing representation represents a second time interval, wherein the first time interval can be shorter than the second time interval.

29. A program product comprising instructions for causing a processing circuit to control and / or execute the method according to one of claims 1 to 7 or 15 to 21.

30. A carrier medium device carrying and / or storing the program product according to claim 29.

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