Ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond sediment
An ecological treatment method involving the extraction, sedimentation, drying, and landfilling of bottom sediment in aquaculture ponds solves the problems of operational interruption and high costs associated with traditional treatment methods. This method achieves low-cost and harmless bottom sediment treatment and is suitable for aquaculture ponds in coastal areas or regions with consistently high temperatures.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGDONG UNIV OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2022-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods for treating bottom sediment from aquaculture ponds require interrupting aquaculture operations, affecting the efficiency of the aquaculture system. Furthermore, the cost of harmless treatment of bottom sediment is high, and indiscriminate disposal leads to environmental pollution.
An ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud is adopted, which includes the processes of extracting water-containing bottom mud, sedimentation, drying and landfilling. The bottom mud is treated by using mud pumps and sedimentation devices, and quicklime and biochar are added to the dried bottom mud. It is covered with stress-tolerant plants, and organic matter is decomposed through natural drying and microbial action. Finally, it is covered with the original soil of the embankment for landfilling.
It reduces processing costs without affecting aquaculture operations, reduces transportation and processing costs, effectively solves the problem of bottom sediment pollution to the environment, and is suitable for aquaculture ponds in coastal areas or areas with high temperatures all year round.
Smart Images
Figure CN115553253B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of bottom sediment treatment technology for aquaculture systems, and particularly to an ecological treatment method for bottom sediment in aquaculture ponds. Background Technology
[0002] As people's living standards continue to improve, the demand for aquatic products is also increasing. However, natural aquatic resources are limited, so aquaculture is gradually increasing its proportion in my country's fisheries production and slowly taking a dominant position. With massive resources invested in aquaculture, numerous aquaculture ponds and other systems are distributed along the coast and near inland freshwater rivers. While the massive investment in aquaculture has brought abundant aquatic products rich in high-quality protein, it has also placed enormous pressure on the ecological balance of aquaculture systems. High-input, high-yield aquaculture methods lead to the rapid accumulation of aquatic excrement and uneaten feed, far exceeding the natural regulatory capacity of the water body. Studies have found that of the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus introduced during the aquaculture process, only 20%-30% are absorbed and utilized by the cultured organisms; the rest enter the aquaculture environment. Besides some being discharged into the external environment with the wastewater, approximately 60-70% of the nutrient-rich substances in the aquaculture water are deposited in the pond bottom sediment. Furthermore, drugs and chemicals introduced during the aquaculture process also accumulate in the water or bottom sediment. The presence of a large amount of organic matter in the pond bottom mud not only leads to long-term oxygen deficiency in the lower layer of the pond water and a reduced state at the bottom of the pond, but also leads to the production of toxic and harmful substances to fish such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, methane, and hydrogen sulfide, causing deterioration of pond aquaculture water quality, proliferation of pathogens, and seriously affecting the safety of aquaculture production.
[0003] Traditional methods for treating aquaculture pond sediment involve drying the ponds after each production cycle (generally 3-4 years), manually removing excess silt, and then drying the ponds and applying quicklime and other chemical agents to kill fish parasites (eggs), pathogens, and viruses hidden and multiplying in the silt. This method reduces the efficiency of the aquaculture system and the treatment of the removed silt is overly simplistic. Currently, a significant portion of the removed sediment is either piled up or buried on-site, and some is used as fertilizer in agricultural production. However, as mentioned above, the pond sediment from current aquaculture practices contains large amounts of residual feed, fish excrement, fish remains, disinfectants, antibiotics, pesticides, heavy metals, and other toxic and harmful pollutants. Improper disposal will inevitably cause secondary pollution to the environment. Due to high transportation and treatment costs, only a very small portion of existing aquaculture pond sediment treatment technologies utilize sanitary landfill or incineration for harmless disposal. Therefore, in order to adapt to the further development of aquaculture, there is an urgent need to develop a method that can treat the bottom mud of aquaculture ponds at low cost without affecting aquaculture operations. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose an ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud, which aims to solve the technical problems of traditional aquaculture pond bottom mud treatment methods, such as the need to interrupt aquaculture operations, affecting the efficiency of the aquaculture system, and the high cost of harmless treatment of bottom mud.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is an ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud, comprising the following steps:
[0006] (1) Extraction of bottom mud from aquaculture pond: Place the pump head of the mud pump at the bottom of the aquaculture pond and extract the water-containing bottom mud from the aquaculture pond without drying it out.
[0007] (2) Settling of water-bearing bottom sediment: Settling device for bottom sediment is installed on the side dam of the aquaculture pond. Water-bearing bottom sediment is pumped to the settling device using a mud pump connecting pipe. The water-bearing bottom sediment continuously settles in the settling device to form settled bottom sediment.
[0008] (3) Drying of sediment: A trapezoidal pit is dug on the side of the aquaculture pond. The original soil of the side dam produced by the excavation of the trapezoidal pit is piled on both sides of the trapezoidal pit to form a water-blocking dam. A seepage-proof layer is laid at the bottom of the trapezoidal pit, and sediment is covered on the seepage-proof layer. The sediment is dried by sunlight and evaporation to form dried sediment.
[0009] (4) Drying and backfilling of bottom mud: The seepage prevention layer laid at the bottom of the trapezoidal pit is removed, the dried bottom mud remains in the trapezoidal pit, and the original soil of the side dam on both sides of the trapezoidal pit is used to cover the dried bottom mud.
[0010] Optionally, before landfilling the dried sediment, quicklime and biochar are added to the dried sediment and stirred until well mixed, wherein 1-2 parts by weight of lime and 5-10 parts by weight of biochar are added to every 100 parts by weight of dried sediment.
[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the original soil covering the side dam on the dried bottom mud is 10-20cm.
[0012] Optionally, during the excavation of the trapezoidal pit, the original soil of the side dam generated during the excavation is packaged in eco-bags, and the eco-bags containing the original soil of the side dam are stacked on the edge of the trapezoidal pit or the water-facing side of the side dam.
[0013] Optionally, after the dried sediment is filled in, stress-tolerant plants are planted on the dried sediment covering the original soil of the embankment.
[0014] Optionally, the stress-resistant plant is vetiver or iris.
[0015] Optionally, the stress-resistant plants are harvested periodically, and the harvested plant branches and leaves are dried on-site and then sent to a waste incineration plant for centralized processing.
[0016] Optionally, the sediment settling device includes a sediment storage tank and a settling bucket fixed above it by a fixing frame. The settling bucket includes a bucket wall and a conical bottom. The conical bottom is provided with a mud discharge hole, which is connected to a flange pipe. The flange pipe is welded and fixed to the conical bottom. The pipe opening of the flange pipe is fixedly connected to a mud discharge valve through an upper flange. The mud discharge valve includes a valve seat, a lower flange, and a mud baffle. One end of the mud baffle is hinged to the valve seat, and the bottom surface of the mud baffle covers the valve seat. The top surface of the mud baffle is hinged to one end of a back pressure spring through a hinged boss. The other end of the back pressure spring is hinged to the conical bottom.
[0017] Optionally, the settling tank is fixedly connected to the tank wall with a water inlet pipe, which passes through the tank wall and enters the settling tank. The outer end of the water inlet pipe in the settling tank is connected to the mud pump connection pipe, and the inner end of the water inlet pipe in the settling tank is tangent to the inner wall of the settling tank.
[0018] Optionally, a settling grid is provided inside the settling tank. The settling grid includes a connecting ring and four arc-shaped deceleration plates fixedly connected to the connecting ring. The arc-shaped deceleration plates are radially symmetrically distributed about the axis of the connecting ring, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped deceleration plates faces the water outlet direction of the inlet pipe.
[0019] Optionally, the settling tank is provided with an overflow pipe on its wall, and the overflow pipe is higher than the inlet pipe.
[0020] Optionally, the valve seat of the mud discharge valve includes a bottom surface of the valve seat and a cover surface at an angle of 30-60 degrees to the bottom surface of the valve seat, and the cover surface is provided with a mud discharge channel communicating with the lower flange.
[0021] Optionally, the seepage-proof layer is a geomembrane, which is a long rectangular membrane. The two ends of the short side of the geomembrane are fixedly connected to a roll, and a pre-tear line parallel to the roll is provided in the middle of the geomembrane.
[0022] Optionally, the length of the roll is longer than the short side of the geomembrane, and the roll wall is provided with an opening parallel to the axis.
[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0024] This ecological method for treating pond bottom sludge allows for the removal of sludge without draining the pond, resulting in low costs and no impact on aquaculture efficiency. In coastal areas or regions with consistently high temperatures, aquatic products can grow year-round without dormancy or low growth periods, making this invention particularly suitable for ponds in these areas. Furthermore, this invention allows for on-site treatment of pond bottom sludge, significantly reducing transportation and processing costs and effectively addressing the environmental problems caused by farmers indiscriminately discarding pond bottom sludge in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom sediment according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom sediment according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the trapezoidal pit in the ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud according to the present invention.
[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sedimentation device for an ecological treatment method of aquaculture pond bottom mud according to the present invention.
[0030] Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the sedimentation device for an ecological treatment method of aquaculture pond bottom mud according to the present invention.
[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the seepage-proof layer in an ecological treatment method for bottom mud of aquaculture ponds according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.
[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 This invention proposes an ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud, comprising the following steps:
[0035] (1) Extraction of bottom mud from aquaculture pond: Place the pump head 011 of mud pump 01 at the bottom A of aquaculture pond, and extract the water-containing bottom mud C1 of aquaculture pond using mud pump 01 without drying out the pond.
[0036] (2) Settling of water-bearing bottom sediment: Settling device 02 is installed on the side dam B of the aquaculture pond. Water-bearing bottom sediment is pumped to settling device 02 using mud pump connecting pipe 012. Water-bearing bottom sediment continuously settles in settling device 02 to form settled bottom sediment C2.
[0037] (3) Drying of sediment: A trapezoidal pit 03 is excavated on the side dam B of the aquaculture pond. The original soil B1 generated from the excavation of the trapezoidal pit 03 is piled on both sides of the trapezoidal pit to form a water-blocking dam 031. A seepage-proof layer 04 is laid at the bottom of the trapezoidal pit 03. Sediment C2 is covered on the seepage-proof layer 04, and the sediment is dried by sunlight and evaporation to form dried sediment C3.
[0038] (4) Drying and backfilling of bottom mud: Remove the seepage prevention layer 04 laid at the bottom of the trapezoidal pit 03, and leave the dried bottom mud in the trapezoidal pit 03. Take the original soil B1 from both sides of the trapezoidal pit 03 to cover the dried bottom mud C3.
[0039] Under intensive aquaculture conditions, the accumulation of leftover feed, biological excrement, and carcasses from feeding and fertilization, along with sediment deposition, causes the silt thickness at the bottom of aquaculture ponds to increase much faster than in natural aquaculture. Currently, ordinary intensive aquaculture ponds generally need to be drained once a year to remove the bottom silt. However, draining the pond significantly increases labor costs, damage to aquatic products, and affects aquaculture efficiency. The ecological treatment method for pond bottom sediment in this invention allows for the extraction of pond bottom sediment in the form of a mud-water mixture using a mud pump without draining the pond or transferring aquatic products. The water-containing sediment is then pumped to a sediment settling device via a connecting pipe. After settling, the water-containing sediment forms settled sediment with high cohesion and low water content. This settled sediment is then removed and laid in pre-excavated trapezoidal pits for natural drying. These pits are located on the edge of the pond, a convenient and cost-effective method. Before laying the settled sediment in the trapezoidal pits, a seepage-proof layer is placed inside to prevent harmful substances in the sediment from seeping into the edge and polluting the original soil. During the natural drying process, sunlight and microbial fermentation decompose some residual organic matter and kill harmful microorganisms. This process takes 8-16 weeks depending on climatic conditions. After the sediment has dried, it forms dried sediment. At this point, the seepage prevention layer is removed, and the original soil from the side embankments on both sides of the trapezoidal pit is placed on top of the dried sediment. The original soil from the side embankments has a stable microbial and chemical environment, which is conducive to vegetation growth. At the same time, the original soil from the side embankments can also prevent rainwater from washing away the dried sediment, allowing the dried sediment to be reintroduced into the aquaculture pond.
[0040] It is worth noting that the process of using a mud pump to extract the bottom mud of the pond as a mud-water mixture needs to be carried out in small batches, depending on the degree of mud accumulation and the capacity of the mud settling device. This method allows for the extraction of bottom mud from the aquaculture pond in stages.
[0041] This ecological method for treating pond bottom sludge allows for the removal of sludge without draining the pond, resulting in low costs and no impact on aquaculture efficiency. In coastal areas or regions with consistently high temperatures, aquatic products can grow year-round without dormancy or low growth periods, making this invention particularly suitable for ponds in these areas. Furthermore, this invention allows for on-site treatment of pond bottom sludge, significantly reducing transportation and processing costs and effectively addressing the environmental problems caused by farmers indiscriminately discarding pond bottom sludge in existing technologies.
[0042] In one embodiment, before landfilling the dried sediment, quicklime and biochar are added to the dried sediment C3 and stirred until well mixed. Specifically, 1-2 parts by weight of quicklime and 5-10 parts by weight of biochar are added to every 100 parts by weight of dried sediment. Quicklime can further kill harmful microorganisms in the dried sediment, while biochar can adsorb harmful substances such as heavy metals, thus playing a certain role in solidifying these harmful substances.
[0043] In one embodiment, the thickness of the original soil B1 covering the dried sediment is 10-20 cm. During our research, we found that a soil thickness of 10 cm or more effectively prevents the growing roots from prematurely contacting the dried sediment, establishing a buffer period for vegetation formation. It also effectively prevents premature erosion of the original soil by rainwater, thus protecting the dried sediment from premature exposure. Under normal circumstances, vegetation roots are less than 20 cm thick; an excessively thick soil layer hinders the absorption of harmful substances from the dried sediment by the vegetation roots.
[0044] In one embodiment, during the excavation of the trapezoidal pit, the excavated soil B1 from the side embankment is packaged in eco-bags, and the eco-bags B3 containing the soil are stacked on the edge of the trapezoidal pit or the water-facing side B2 of the side embankment. Using eco-bags to package the soil provides convenience and effectively prevents the loss of the soil while preventing water from flowing out of the trapezoidal pit. It also protects the settled bottom sediment from being washed away by rainwater runoff on the side embankment. Furthermore, excess soil from the eco-bags can be laid on the water-facing side of the side embankment, reinforcing the side embankment of the aquaculture pond.
[0045] In one embodiment, after the dried sediment is landfilled, stress-tolerant plants G are planted on the dried sediment covering the original soil of the embankment. Stress-tolerant plants are plant types that exhibit stronger tolerance to adverse environmental stresses such as drought, waterlogging, salinity, heavy metals, aluminum excess, and nutrient deficiency than control plants. Through the absorption, transformation, degradation, and synthesis processes of the roots of these stress-tolerant plants, pollutants such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, antibiotics, pesticides, and heavy metals are gradually removed. Combined with the filtration and adsorption processes of the soil layer, and the degradation and transformation through microbial oxidation-reduction in the soil, the dried sediment is ultimately treated into harmless soil similar to the original soil of the embankment, thus allowing it to be used as original soil for the next ecological treatment cycle of aquaculture pond sediment.
[0046] Specifically, the adversity-tolerant plant G is either vetiver or iris. Vetiver has a high absorption rate of heavy metals such as zinc and lead, and its root system has a high tensile strength, reaching 40-120 MPa, with an average of 75 MPa. Its root system can not only penetrate the soil layer to act as an anchor, but also effectively improve the shear strength of the soil, thereby stabilizing the slope. Iris, on the other hand, has robust rhizomes, strong adaptability, prefers full sunlight, fertile, moderately moist, well-drained soils containing lime and slightly alkaline substances, and is highly drought-resistant. It can quickly absorb pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus from dried bottom sediment.
[0047] In one embodiment, the stress-tolerant plants are harvested periodically, and the harvested plant branches and leaves are dried on-site before being sent to a waste incineration plant for centralized processing. Through the heavy metal enrichment effect of the plant branches and leaves, the absorption and harmless treatment of heavy metal ions in the dried sediment can be effectively achieved.
[0048] refer to Figures 4-6 In another embodiment, the sedimentation device 02 of the ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom sediment includes a sediment storage tank 08 and a sedimentation tank 021 fixed above it by a fixing frame 058. The sedimentation tank 021 includes a tank wall 022 and a conical tank bottom 023. The conical tank bottom 023 is provided with a mud outlet hole 024, which is connected to a flange pipe 025. The flange pipe 025 is welded and fixed to the conical tank bottom 023. The pipe opening of 025 is fixedly connected to the mud discharge valve 05 through the upper flange 026. The mud discharge valve 05 includes a valve seat 051, a lower flange 052 and a mud baffle 053. One end of the mud baffle 053 is hinged to the valve seat 051, the bottom surface of the mud baffle 053 covers the valve seat 051, and the top surface of the mud baffle 053 is hinged to one end of the back pressure spring 06 through the hinge boss 054. The other end of the back pressure spring 06 is hinged to the bottom of the conical barrel 023.
[0049] In this embodiment, the sediment settling device settles sediment through a settling tank and discharges it through a sludge discharge valve. One end of a baffle plate on the discharge valve is hinged to and closes to the valve seat. Simultaneously, a back pressure spring presses the baffle plate against the valve seat. The spring's spring force is selected based on the volume of the settling tank; the critical value of the spring force is sufficient to counteract the pressure exerted on the baffle plate when the settling tank is full of water. Since the density of sediment is greater than water, when a certain amount of sediment has accumulated in the settling tank and the tank is full, the pressure of the sediment on the baffle plate exceeds the pressure of the back pressure spring. The baffle plate is pushed open by the sediment, and the sediment flows into the storage tank. When the pressure of the remaining sediment on the baffle plate is less than the pressure of the back pressure spring, the baffle plate closes again with the valve seat, preventing water from the settling tank from draining into the storage tank. This structure helps achieve uninterrupted sediment extraction from aquaculture ponds, improving the practical efficiency of the ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond sediment. The conical bottom of the barrel can gather the settled sediment and increase the pressure of the sediment on the mudguard.
[0050] Specifically, the settling tank wall 022 is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe 027, which passes through the tank wall 022 and enters the settling tank 021. The outer end of the water inlet pipe 027 is connected to the mud pump connection pipe 012, and the inner end of the water inlet pipe 027 is tangent to the inner wall of the settling tank. This water inlet method allows the mud-water mixture containing bottom sediment to enter the settling tank and form a vortex. The vortex edge has a high velocity, while the vortex center has a slow velocity, which can quickly reduce the flow velocity at the center of the vortex and concentrate the settled bottom sediment in the center of the bottom.
[0051] In one embodiment, a settling grid 07 is provided inside the settling tank. The settling grid 07 includes a connecting ring 071 and four arc-shaped deceleration plates 072 fixedly connected to the connecting ring 071. The arc-shaped deceleration plates 072 are radially symmetrically distributed about the axis of the connecting ring 071, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped deceleration plates 072 faces the water outlet direction of the inlet pipe. This arc-shaped deceleration plate can generate turbulence, thereby more quickly reducing the water velocity at the center of the vortex and accelerating the settling of bottom sediment in the mud-water mixture.
[0052] In one embodiment, the sedimentation tank 021 has an overflow pipe 028 on its wall 022, which is higher than the inlet pipe 027. The overflow pipe can guide the water overflowing from the sedimentation tank back to the aquaculture pond, thereby achieving the effect of continuously extracting and settling the bottom mud of the aquaculture pond.
[0053] In one embodiment, the valve seat 051 of the mud discharge valve 05 includes a bottom surface 055 and a cover surface 056 at a 30-60 degree angle to the bottom surface 055. The cover surface 056 is provided with a mud discharge channel 057 communicating with the lower flange 052. This arrangement, which causes the mud baffle to form a 30-60 degree angle with the direction of mud outflow, can decompose the pressure of the mud on the mud baffle, correspondingly reducing the elastic force requirement of the backup spring.
[0054] In one embodiment, the seepage-proof layer 04 is a geomembrane 041, which is a long rectangular membrane. Rollers 042 are fixedly connected to both ends of the short side of the geomembrane, and a pre-tear line 043 parallel to the roll is provided in the middle of the geomembrane. The pre-tear line allows the geomembrane to be easily broken in the middle and pulled out from its state covered with dried bottom mud. The roll facilitates the laying, extraction, and recycling of the geomembrane.
[0055] In one embodiment, the length of the roll 042 is longer than the short side of the geomembrane 041, and the roll 042 has an opening 045 parallel to the axis on its wall. This opening on the roll facilitates the roll securing one end of the short side of the geomembrane, thus facilitating subsequent roll-up work.
[0056] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Extraction of bottom mud from aquaculture pond: Place the pump head of the mud pump at the bottom of the aquaculture pond and extract the water-containing bottom mud from the aquaculture pond without drying it out. (2) Sedimentation of water-bearing bottom: A sedimentation device is installed on the side dam of the aquaculture pond. Water-bearing bottom sediment is pumped to the sedimentation device using a mud pump connecting pipe. The water-bearing bottom sediment continuously settles in the sedimentation device to form settled bottom sediment. The sedimentation device includes a mud storage tank and a sedimentation bucket fixed above it by a fixing frame. The sedimentation bucket includes a bucket wall and a conical bucket bottom. The conical bucket bottom is provided with a mud outlet hole. The mud outlet hole is connected to a flange pipe. The flange pipe is welded and fixed to the conical bucket bottom. The pipe opening of the flange pipe is fixedly connected to the mud outlet valve through an upper flange. The mud outlet valve includes a valve seat, a lower flange and a mud baffle. One end of the mud baffle is hinged to the valve seat. The bottom surface of the mud baffle covers the valve seat. The top surface of the mud baffle is connected to the back pressure through a hinged boss. One end of the spring is hinged, and the other end of the back pressure spring is hinged to the bottom of the conical barrel; the wall of the settling barrel is fixedly connected to the inlet pipe, which passes through the barrel wall and enters the settling barrel, and the outer end of the inlet pipe is connected to the mud pump connecting pipe, while the inner end of the inlet pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the settling barrel; a settling grid is provided inside the settling barrel, and the settling grid includes a connecting ring and four arc-shaped deceleration plates fixedly connected to the connecting ring. The arc-shaped deceleration plates are radially symmetrically distributed about the axis of the connecting ring, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped deceleration plates faces the water outlet direction of the inlet pipe; the valve seat of the mud discharge valve includes a bottom surface of the valve seat and a cover surface at an angle of 30-60 degrees to the bottom surface of the valve seat, and the cover surface is provided with a mud discharge channel communicating with the lower flange. (3) Drying of sediment: A trapezoidal pit is dug on the side dam of the aquaculture pond. The original soil of the side dam produced by the excavation of the trapezoidal pit is piled on both sides of the trapezoidal pit to form a water-blocking dam. An anti-seepage layer is laid at the bottom of the trapezoidal pit, and sediment is covered on the anti-seepage layer. The sediment is dried by sunlight and evaporation to form dried sediment. The anti-seepage layer is a geomembrane. The geomembrane is a long rectangular membrane. The two ends of the short side of the geomembrane are fixedly connected to the roller. A pre-tear line parallel to the roller is set in the middle of the geomembrane. (4) Drying bottom mud filling: The seepage prevention layer laid at the bottom of the trapezoidal pit is removed, the dried bottom mud remains in the trapezoidal pit, and the original soil of the side dam on both sides of the trapezoidal pit is used to cover the dried bottom mud.
2. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before the dried sediment is landfilled, quicklime and biochar are added to the dried sediment and stirred until well mixed. 1-2 parts by weight of quicklime and 5-10 parts by weight of biochar are added to every 100 parts by weight of dried sediment.
3. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the original soil covering the side dam on the dried bottom mud is 10-20cm.
4. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the excavation of the trapezoidal pit, the original soil of the side dam produced during the excavation is packaged in ecological bags, and the ecological bags containing the original soil of the side dam are stacked on the edge of the trapezoidal pit or the water-facing side of the side dam.
5. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the roll is longer than the short side of the geomembrane, and the roll wall has an opening parallel to the axis.
6. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the dried sediment is filled in, stress-tolerant plants are planted on the dried sediment covering the original soil of the dam.
7. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The adversity-resistant plants are vetiver or iris.
8. The ecological treatment method for aquaculture pond bottom mud as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The stress-tolerant plants are harvested regularly, and the harvested plant branches and leaves are dried on-site before being sent to a waste incineration plant for centralized processing.