A holographic antenna, a control method of the holographic antenna, and related devices

Abstract

The application discloses a holographic antenna, a control method of the holographic antenna and related equipment, relates to the technical field of communication, and can improve the anti-interference performance of a signal, thereby improving the robustness of signal transmission of the antenna. The holographic antenna comprises a waveguide cavity, a holographic interference substrate arranged on one outer surface of the waveguide cavity, and a plurality of modulation units of the holographic interference substrate, wherein each modulation unit comprises at least two conductive structures, a gap is formed between adjacent conductive structures of the modulation unit, a switch structure is arranged between the adjacent conductive structures, and adjacent modulation units are connected to each other; and the working state of the switch structure is used for controlling the radiation state of a radio frequency signal at the gap position, and the radio frequency signal is an electromagnetic wave signal propagating in the waveguide cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a holographic antenna, a control method for the holographic antenna, and related equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, antennas, as terminal devices in most wireless communication systems, are crucial to the overall system performance. With technological advancements, the demands on antenna performance are increasing. Besides high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas often require characteristics such as low profile and light weight. The concept of a holographic antenna originates from the principle of optical holography. Holography involves the interference of a target wave and a reference wave to form an interference surface, and then the target wave is obtained by inversion from the interference surface by the reference wave. As a high-gain antenna, the holographic antenna can simultaneously meet the requirements of low profile and light weight, making it well-suited to current applications and increasing its development potential.

[0003] However, existing holographic antennas are susceptible to signal interference during transmission, resulting in poor robustness in signal transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a holographic antenna, a control method for the holographic antenna, and related equipment, which can improve the anti-interference performance of the signal and thus improve the robustness of the antenna's signal transmission.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a holographic antenna, comprising:

[0006] waveguide cavity;

[0007] A holographic interference substrate is disposed on one outer surface of the waveguide cavity;

[0008] The holographic interference substrate includes multiple modulation units, each modulation unit includes at least two conductive structures, a gap is formed between adjacent conductive structures of the modulation unit, a switch structure is provided between adjacent conductive structures, and adjacent modulation units are interconnected.

[0009] The working state of the switch structure is used to control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the gap position, and the radio frequency signal is an electromagnetic wave signal propagating in the waveguide cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the holographic interference substrate includes a substrate layer and a conductive layer, the conductive layer being disposed on the side of the substrate layer away from the waveguide cavity, and the conductive structure being formed on the conductive layer;

[0011] The switching structure includes a driving electrode and a switching material layer, wherein the switching material layer is disposed between the substrate layer and the driving electrode, or the driving electrode is disposed between the substrate layer and the switching material layer;

[0012] The switching material layer is connected to the conductive structures on both sides of the gap, and the orthogonal projection of the driving electrode on the substrate layer at least partially covers the orthogonal projection of the switching material layer on the substrate layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the driving electrode is used to control the conductivity state of the switching material layer in order to control the conduction state of the conductive structure connected to the switching material layer, and the conduction state of the conductive structure connected to the switching material layer is used to control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the gap location.

[0014] In some embodiments, the switching structure includes a transistor, the driving electrode is the gate of the transistor, the switching material layer includes a semiconductor material, and the two ends of the switching material layer are electrically connected to the source and drain, respectively; or,

[0015] The switching material layer includes a phase change material, and the phase change of the phase change material is used to control the conduction state of the connected conductive structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the driving electrode is used to control the refractive index of the switching material layer, and the switching material layers with different refractive indices corresponding to the gap have different radiation states for the radio frequency signal.

[0017] In some embodiments, the switching material layer includes a liquid crystal layer for changing its refractive index under the drive of the driving electrode.

[0018] In some embodiments, the size of the slit is positively correlated with the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity, which is determined based on the wavelength of the carrier signal fed into the waveguide cavity and the dielectric constant of the waveguide medium within the waveguide cavity.

[0019] In some embodiments, the length of the orthographic projection of the slit onto the waveguide cavity ranges from one-sixth to one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity, and the width of the orthographic projection of the slit onto the waveguide cavity is less than one-tenth of the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity.

[0020] In some embodiments, a combination of the operating states of the switching structures of the plurality of modulation units is used to control the beam pointing angle of the radio frequency signal.

[0021] In some embodiments, the driving frequency of the switching structure is used to control the frequency of the modulation signal, the radio frequency signal is obtained by loading the modulation signal onto a carrier signal, and the modulation signal is used to carry information data;

[0022] One end of the waveguide cavity is provided with an RF feed port, and the other end is provided with an RF output port. The RF feed port is used to feed in the carrier signal, and the RF output port is used to output the RF signal.

[0023] In some embodiments, the slot is a resonant structure, and the resonant frequency of the slot is used to expand the frequency range of the radio frequency signal propagating in the waveguide cavity.

[0024] In some embodiments, the plurality of modulation units are arranged in an m×n array, where m and n are natural numbers, m is greater than or equal to 1, and n is greater than or equal to 1.

[0025] A second aspect of this application provides a control method for a holographic antenna, applied to the holographic antenna described in the first aspect, the control method comprising:

[0026] Control the working state of the switch structure according to the driving command;

[0027] According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate radio frequency signals. During the propagation of the radio frequency signals in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signals radiate at the gap position in a state corresponding to the working state of the switch structure.

[0028] In some embodiments, controlling the operating state of the switch structure according to the driving command includes:

[0029] According to the driving command, the combination of controlling the working state of the switching structure of the multiple modulation units is a set combination;

[0030] The step of controlling the waveguide cavity to propagate radio frequency signals according to the signal transmission command includes:

[0031] According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate radio frequency signals, wherein, during the propagation of the radio frequency signals in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signals radiate on the holographic interference substrate at a corresponding beam pointing angle based on the set combination.

[0032] In some embodiments, controlling the operating state of the switch structure according to the driving command includes:

[0033] According to the driving command, the switching structure is controlled to operate based on the driving frequency to obtain a modulation signal with a set modulation frequency, wherein the set modulation frequency is obtained based on the driving frequency;

[0034] Furthermore, according to the driving instruction, the modulation signal is controlled to be applied to the carrier signal to obtain the corresponding radio frequency signal.

[0035] In some embodiments, controlling the modulation signal to be applied to the carrier signal according to the driving command to obtain the corresponding radio frequency signal includes:

[0036] According to the driving command, the timing of the modulation signal being loaded onto the carrier signal is controlled to obtain the radio frequency signal of at least two frequencies.

[0037] In some embodiments, before controlling the operating state of the switch structure according to the driving command, the method further includes:

[0038] Based on the superposition of far-field radiation direction functions corresponding to at least two beam pointing angles, a combination of the working states of the switch structure corresponding to at least two beam pointing angles is determined to obtain the set combination;

[0039] Based on the set combination, the corresponding drive instructions are generated;

[0040] The step of controlling the waveguide cavity to propagate radio frequency signals according to the signal transmission command includes:

[0041] According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate the radio frequency signal, wherein, during the propagation of the radio frequency signal in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signal radiates at least two corresponding beam pointing angles on the holographic interference substrate based on the set combination.

[0042] A third aspect of this application provides a controller, including:

[0043] A memory, wherein a computer program is stored;

[0044] A processor, which executes the computer program to implement the control method for the holographic antenna as described in the second aspect.

[0045] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the holographic antenna control method as described in the second aspect.

[0046] A fifth aspect of this application provides an antenna device, including:

[0047] As described in the first aspect, a holographic antenna;

[0048] The controller as described in the third aspect is electrically connected to the holographic antenna.

[0049] The holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment, by setting a slit on a holographic interference substrate and setting a switching structure at the corresponding position of the slit, allows the working state of the switching structure to control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the slit position. The combination of the working states of the switching structures of multiple modulation units is used to control the beam pointing angle of the radio frequency signal. Therefore, the holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment can achieve an adjustable beam pointing angle, enabling focusing of the radio frequency signal beam pointing angle, improving the directivity and strength of the radio frequency signal transmission, and further enhancing the anti-interference capability of the transmitted signal. The adjustable beam pointing angle allows for the simultaneous transmission of the same or different radio frequency signals at different beam pointing angles. Due to the limitation of the beam pointing angle, there is no signal interference between the simultaneously transmitted radio frequency signals, thus improving the anti-interference capability of the holographic antenna. The improved anti-interference capability of the radio frequency signal transmission provided in this application embodiment enhances the robustness of the holographic antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a holographic antenna provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a holographic interference substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of another holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a switch structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of another switch structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of another switch structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of another holographic interference substrate provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0057] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the beam pointing angle of a radio frequency signal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of yet another holographic interference substrate provided for embodiments of this application;

[0059] Figure 10 A schematic flowchart illustrating a control method for a holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 11 A timing diagram illustrating the loading of a modulation signal onto a carrier signal, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of radio frequency signal beam transmission provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 13 A timing diagram illustrating another modulation signal applied to a carrier signal, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 14 A timing diagram illustrating the loading of a modulation signal onto a carrier signal, as provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of beam transmission of another radio frequency signal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 16 A schematic structural block diagram of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 17 A schematic structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided for embodiments of this application;

[0067] Figure 18 This is a schematic structural block diagram of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0069] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. The term "two or more" includes two or more cases.

[0070] Currently, antennas, as terminal devices in most wireless communication systems, are crucial to the overall system performance. With technological advancements, the demands on antenna performance are increasing. Besides high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas often require characteristics like low profile and light weight. The concept of a holographic antenna originates from the principle of optical holography, which involves the interference of a target wave and a reference wave to form an interference surface, and then the target wave being obtained by inversion from the interference surface by the reference wave. As a high-gain antenna, a holographic antenna can simultaneously meet the requirements of low profile and light weight, making it well-suited to current applications and increasing its development potential. However, existing holographic antennas are susceptible to signal interference during transmission, exhibiting poor robustness in signal transmission.

[0071] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a holographic antenna, a control method for the holographic antenna, and related equipment, which can improve the anti-interference performance of the signal and thus improve the robustness of the antenna's signal transmission.

[0072] A first aspect of this application provides a holographic antenna. Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a holographic antenna provided for an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the holographic antenna provided in this embodiment includes a waveguide cavity 100 and a holographic interference substrate 200, wherein the holographic interference substrate 200 is disposed on one outer surface of the waveguide cavity 100.

[0073] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a holographic interference substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2As shown, the holographic interference substrate 200 includes multiple modulation units 210. Each modulation unit 210 includes at least two conductive structures 211. A gap 212 is formed between adjacent conductive structures 211 of the modulation unit 210, and a switch structure 213 is disposed between adjacent conductive structures 211. Adjacent modulation units 210 are interconnected. The number of modulation units 210 can be set as needed. Figure 2 The arrangement of the modulation units 210 shown is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The number of conductive structures 211 within each modulation unit 210 can be set according to modulation requirements, and this embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0074] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The waveguide cavity 100 is used to propagate the radio frequency (RF) signal 101. The RF signal 101 propagates within the waveguide cavity 100, and during this propagation, it radiates onto the holographic interference substrate 200. Specifically, the RF signal 101 radiates to varying degrees or does not radiate at the slit 212 position of the holographic interference substrate 200. The radiating or non-radiating state of the RF signal 101 at the slit 212 position is controlled by the operating state of the switch structure 213. For example, different operating states of the switch structure 213 can respectively control the conduction state of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the slit 212. The conduction state can include fully conducting, fully disconnected, or an intermediate state between conducting and disconnected. The conduction state of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the slit 212 can control the degree of radiation of the RF signal 101 at the location of the slit 212, or prevent radiation altogether. The different operating states of the switch structure 213 can also control the refractive index change of the material at the location of the gap 212. The change in refractive index can change the radiation level of the radio frequency signal 101 at the location of the gap 212, or prevent radiation from occurring. The radio frequency signal is an electromagnetic wave signal carrying information data. The switch structure 213 is electrically connected to a drive signal line 214, which is used to transmit drive signals to the switch structure 213 to control the operating state of the switch structure 213.

[0075] It is important to note that antennas, as terminal devices in most wireless communication systems, play a crucial role in the overall system performance. With technological advancements, the demands on antenna performance are constantly increasing. Besides high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas often require low profile, light weight, and conformal characteristics. While reflector antennas, phased array antennas, and lens antennas can achieve high gain, they each have significant disadvantages. For example, reflector antennas require a spatial illumination source, greatly increasing their profile; phased array antennas have extremely complex feed networks, making design difficult and costly; and lens antennas, already having a high profile, are further enlarged by the addition of an illumination source. Holographic antennas, as a high-gain antenna, can simultaneously meet the requirements of low profile and light weight, making them well-suited to current applications and possessing significant development potential. The concept of a holographic antenna originates from the principle of optical holography, which involves the interference of a target wave and a reference wave to form an interference surface, and then using the reference wave to illuminate the interference surface to invert the target wave. The advent of metamaterials has made it possible to realize holographic antennas in the microwave band. A holographic antenna system consists only of a holographic surface and a feed, making its structure very simple. The feed typically uses a horn antenna, monopole antenna, or slot antenna, eliminating the need for a complex feeding network. However, to reduce the profile, monopole antennas or slot antennas are often used as feed sources. The holographic surface mainly consists of a dielectric substrate and a periodically distributed array of metal patches, making it simple to fabricate and inexpensive. In designing the holographic surface, the desired holographic surface can be obtained simply by calculating the expression for the interference field formed by the interference between the target field and the reference field, and then designing the distribution of the metal patches accordingly. The design process is very simple. If different target waves are obtained, the target field expression can simply be substituted back into the above process. This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of holographic antennas. In addition, holographic antennas are easy to conform to, and their performance is not significantly affected when attached to curved surfaces such as spheres and cylinders. However, existing holographic antennas struggle with beam focusing and flexible beam pointing angle adjustment. The beam pointing angle of existing holographic antennas is fixed, making it difficult to transmit different signals in different directions or transmit the same signal in different directions. If the beam is difficult to focus, the beam radiation energy will be more dispersed, the signal anti-interference performance will be poor, and when different signals are transmitted at the same time, the signal interference between the beams will be more serious because it is difficult to distinguish the beam pointing angle, so different signals cannot be transmitted at the same time.

[0076] For example, the holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment has a slit 212 on a holographic interference substrate 200, and a switch structure 213 at the corresponding position of the slit 212. The operating state of the switch structure 213 can control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the position of the slit 212. Taking the operating state of the switch structure 213 including connecting the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the slit 212 and disconnecting the conductive structures on both sides of the slit 212 as an example, when the operating state of the switch structure 213 is to control the electrical connection of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the slit 212, the slit 212 can be considered invalid, that is, the radio frequency signal can be in a non-radiative state at the slit 212, and there is no electromagnetic wave energy radiation at the position of the slit 212. When the operating state of the switch structure 213 is to control the electrical connection of the conductive structures on both sides of the slit 212 to be disconnected, the slit 212 is valid, that is, the radio frequency signal can be in a radiative state at the position of the slit 212, and there is electromagnetic wave energy radiation at the position of the slit 212. Different switching structures 213 can control the radiation state of different gaps 212. By sampling the electromagnetic wave energy radiation of the RF signal in the gaps 212 under the control of multiple switching structures 213, the beam formed by the RF signal radiated from the gap 212 that can radiate electromagnetic wave energy can have a focused pointing angle. This allows the simultaneous transmission of the same or different RF signals at different beam pointing angles. Due to the limitation of the beam pointing angle, there will be no signal interference between the RF signals transmitted at the same time, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the holographic antenna and thus improve the robustness of the holographic antenna.

[0077] The holographic antenna provided in this embodiment of the application, by setting a slit 212 on the holographic interference substrate 200, and setting a switch structure 213 at the corresponding position of the slit 212, can control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the position of the slit 212 through the working state of the switch structure 213 of multiple modulation units 210. The combination of the working states of the switch structures 213 of multiple modulation units 210 is used to control the beam pointing angle of the radio frequency signal 101. Thus, the holographic antenna provided in this embodiment of the application can achieve adjustable beam pointing angle, can focus the beam pointing angle of the radio frequency signal, can improve the directivity and signal strength of the radio frequency signal transmission, and further improve the anti-interference of the transmitted signal. The adjustable beam pointing angle can realize the simultaneous transmission of the same or different radio frequency signals at different beam pointing angles. Due to the limitation of the beam pointing angle, there will be no signal interference between the simultaneously transmitted radio frequency signals, which can improve the anti-interference of the holographic antenna. The holographic antenna provided in this embodiment of the application improves the robustness of the holographic antenna by enhancing the anti-interference of the radio frequency signal transmission.

[0078] In some implementations... Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of another holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3As shown, one end of the waveguide cavity 100 is provided with an RF feed port 110, and the other end is provided with an RF output port 120. The RF feed port 110 is used to feed in a carrier signal, and a modulation signal is applied to the carrier signal to obtain an RF signal. The RF output port 120 is used to output the RF signal, and the modulation signal can carry information data. The size of the slot 212 is positively correlated with the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity 100. The operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity 100 is determined based on the wavelength of the carrier signal and the dielectric constant of the waveguide medium inside the waveguide cavity.

[0079] In some embodiments, the length of the orthographic projection of the slit 212 onto the waveguide cavity 100 is between one-sixth and one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity 100, and the width of the orthographic projection of the slit 212 onto the waveguide cavity 100 is less than one-tenth of the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity 100.

[0080] It should be noted that multiple modulation units 210 distributed on the surface of the waveguide cavity 100, with the size of the slot 212 of each modulation unit 210 being smaller than the operating wavelength, can achieve subwavelength energy radiation by using a guided wave for energy feeding. Each slot 212 capable of subwavelength energy radiation can scatter the incident field, which will be mainly equivalent to a polarized electric or magnetic dipole, while introducing phase shift and energy attenuation into the excitation field. The phase shift and attenuation of the incident wave injected by scattering are related to the structure of the slot; the phase and amplitude changes are not independent but interrelated, and the relationship is related to the intrinsic characteristics of the Lorentz resonance. When the spacing between the conductive structures 211 is deep subwavelength, the incident wave can be easily blocked by the conductive slots or sampled by the energy radiation transmitted through the open slots. For such extreme subwavelength sampling, high-fidelity beams and other radiation patterns combined with numerical optimization techniques can achieve the transmission of different signals to users at different locations and the transmission of different signals to the same location without interference, greatly improving the functionality of the holographic antenna.

[0081] In some implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, the holographic interference substrate includes a substrate layer 201 and a conductive layer 202. The conductive layer 202 is disposed on the side of the substrate layer 201 away from the waveguide cavity 100. A conductive structure 211 is formed on the conductive layer 202. For example, the gap 212 can be an opening obtained by etching the conductive layer 202. A switch structure 213 can be disposed at the location of the gap 212. Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a switch structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4As shown, the switch structure 213 includes a driving electrode 203 and a switching material layer 204. The switching material layer 204 is disposed between the driving electrode 203 and the substrate layer 201. A first electrode S and a second electrode D are disposed at both ends of the switching material layer 204. The switching material layer 204 is electrically connected to both the first electrode S and the second electrode D. The first electrode S can be the source electrode, and the second electrode D can be the drain electrode. The first electrode S and the second electrode D are respectively connected to the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap 212. The orthographic projection of the driving electrode 203 on the substrate layer 201 at least partially covers the orthographic projection of the switching material layer 204 on the substrate layer 201. The substrate layer 201 can be glass or a flexible material, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. An insulating layer 205 can also be disposed between the first electrode S, the second electrode D and the driving electrode 203. The insulating layer 205 can be silicon oxide or silicon nitride, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0082] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the driving electrode 203 may also be disposed between the substrate layer 201 and the switching material layer 204, but this application embodiment does not make specific limitations.

[0083] For example, the switching material layer 204 may include a semiconductor material or a phase change material. The driving electrode 203 is used to control the conductivity state of the switching material layer 204 to control the conduction state of the first electrode S and the second electrode D connected to the switching material layer 204. The conduction state of the first electrode S and the second electrode D can control the conduction state of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap 212. The conduction state of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap is used to control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the location of the gap 212.

[0084] For example, the switch structure 213 can be a transistor, the driving electrode 203 is the gate of the transistor, and the switch material layer 204 includes a semiconductor material. When a driving signal is applied to the driving electrode 203, the conductivity of the semiconductor material in the switch material layer 204 can be controlled to control the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap 212 to be on, off, or in a state between on and off. The method for controlling the conductivity state of a transistor is simple, the control is relatively precise, the technology is mature, the structure is simple, and it is easy to implement.

[0085] For example, when the switching material layer 204 includes a phase change material, the phase change of the phase change material is used to control the conduction state of the connected conductive structure 211. The driving electrode 203 can drive the phase change of the switching material layer 204 when a driving signal is applied. The phase change material can have different conduction states. For example, the phase change material can include VO2 (vanadium dioxide) or GST (GeTe and Sb2Te3).

[0086] For example, the switching material layer 204 may include a material with an adjustable refractive index, such as a liquid crystal material. The driving electrode 203 is used to control the refractive index of the switching material layer 204, and the switching material layers 204 with different refractive indices corresponding to the gap 212 have different radiation states for radio frequency signals.

[0087] For example, Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of another switch structure provided in an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 5 As shown, the switching material layer includes a liquid crystal layer 206, which covers the first electrode S and the second electrode D and fills the gap between the first electrode S and the second electrode D. The liquid crystal layer 206 is disposed between the first electrode S, the second electrode D and the driving electrode 203. The liquid crystal layer 206 is used to change the refractive index under the driving of the first electrode S, the second electrode D and the conductive structure 211.

[0088] For example, Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of another switch structure provided in an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 6 As shown, the liquid crystal layer 206 does not fill the gap between the first electrode S and the second electrode D. An insulating material can be disposed in the gap between the first electrode S and the second electrode D. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The configuration of the liquid crystal layer 206 can be set according to the process conditions and process capabilities, and the embodiments of this application do not impose specific limitations.

[0089] For example, Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of another holographic interference substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 7 As shown, the gap 212 is an opening on the conductive layer 202. The conductive structure 211 and the conductive layer 202 are an integral structure, that is, the conductive structure 211 is the conductive layer 202. The gap 212 can be formed by etching an opening on the conductive layer 202.

[0090] For example, the material of the conductive layer 202 can be a metallic material, such as copper.

[0091] In some embodiments, the structure of the slot 212 can be a resonant structure, and the resonant frequency of the slot 212 is used to expand the frequency range of the radio frequency signal 101 propagated by the waveguide cavity 100.

[0092] For example, the switching structure uses transistors, enabling ultra-high-speed modulation. Applying voltage to the transistor's driving electrodes allows for the connection and disconnection of the slots, as well as state tuning. Taking copper as the conductive layer as an example, patterned resonant structural units, i.e., slots, are created on a full-surface copper structure. A transistor positioned between two conductive structures allows for the connection and disconnection of the two structures via a driving voltage, thus enabling the radiation and non-radiation of radio frequency signals from the slots. Applying different voltages between the two conductive structures achieves different capacitance characteristics. Since these different capacitance characteristics affect the resonant frequency of the resonant structure, tuning within a frequency range from 15.6 GHz to 24.6 GHz can be achieved. By applying different voltages to influence the radiation at different resonant frequencies, the operating frequency range of the waveguide cavity can be expanded, thereby broadening the application frequency range of the holographic antenna.

[0093] In some embodiments, the driving frequency of the switch structure 213 is used to control the frequency of the modulation signal. The radio frequency (RF) signal is obtained by loading the modulation signal onto the carrier signal, and the modulation signal is used to carry information data. The information data can be digital data of graphic information or digital data of audio information. During the propagation of the carrier signal within the waveguide cavity 100, the modulation signal generated by the driving frequency is loaded onto the carrier signal to obtain the RF signal, which is then radiated onto the holographic interference substrate. Different driving frequencies can correspond to modulation signals of different frequencies, and modulation signals of different frequencies can produce RF signals of different frequencies. Different timing sequences of the modulation signal of the same frequency loaded onto the carrier signal can correspond to RF signals of different frequencies.

[0094] The holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment uses a time-varying driving signal to load the modulated signal. It does not require additional digital-to-analog conversion or mixer to achieve signal loading. It can realize the transmission of different signals to users at different locations, and can realize the transmission of different signals to the same location without interference, which greatly improves the antenna function and can further improve the robustness of signal transmission.

[0095] For example, the target wave and reference wave function can be obtained using the principle of holography, where the target wave can be a modulation signal and the reference wave can be a carrier signal.

[0096] Target wave function:

[0097] Reference wave function:

[0098] In this system, a spatial coordinate system is established with the feed point of the waveguide cavity as the origin; r is the distance of any point from the origin; i is the number of any slot, i = 1, 2, 3…N, where N is the total number of slots; θ0 is the pitch angle of any point in the coordinate system; φ0 is the direction angle of any point in the coordinate system; k0 is the air wave vector of the target wave; and k… g This is the reference wave vector.

[0099] Interference patterns of the target wave and the reference wave were obtained using the principle of holography:

[0100]

[0101] Where, k f Let k be the target wave vector. f The value is the same as k0, that is, k f =k0.

[0102] By analyzing the interference pattern of the target wave and the reference wave using the amplitude sampling function, the amplitude sampling function is obtained:

[0103]

[0104] Substituting the amplitude sampling function into the far-field radiation direction function:

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Where H0 is the amplitude coefficient, ω is the resonant frequency, j is the imaginary cosine of the amplitude sampling function, k = k0, x i This represents the position coordinates of the i-th gap, a f φ is the attenuation constant, cosθ = 1, φ is the scanning angle, μ0 is the air permeability, Ds is the arrangement period of the slots, Ac is the cross-sectional area of ​​the waveguide cavity, and η is the transmission impedance in the waveguide cavity.

[0108] The analysis using the phase sampling function is as follows:

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Where abs is the absolute value algorithm and phase_threshold is the phase threshold.

[0113] By analyzing the Euclidean modulation (amplitude + phase) sampling function, the Lorentz-constrained modified modulation function is obtained:

[0114]

[0115] The amplitude sampling function is transformed as follows:

[0116]

[0117] α D For the ideal value, α L It is a numerical sequence.

[0118] For example, taking a beam pointing angle of +30°, i.e., θ0 = 30°, substituting this into the amplitude sampling function yields the value of m. Setting the amplitude threshold to 0.5, m greater than 0.5 corresponds to x... i The gap state at the location is 1, and x corresponds to m being less than 0.5. i The slot state at a given location is 0. A slot with a state of 1 is open, meaning the corresponding switch structure is closed; a slot with a state of 0 is closed, meaning the corresponding switch structure is open. The amplitude threshold can be determined based on the performance of the actual holographic antenna. It is possible to obtain the operating state of the switch structure at the corresponding slot position based on the driving beam pointing angle, and to adjust the beam pointing angle by combining the operating states of the switch structures.

[0119] For example, energy is fed into the waveguide cavity 100, and spatial beam pointing can be achieved by driving the operating state of the switching structure 213 through a driving voltage. By periodically varying the driving voltage, a modulation signal can be loaded, further improving the capacity and anti-interference capability of the transmitted radio frequency signal. The electromagnetic wave of the carrier signal enters the waveguide cavity 100 through the radio frequency feed port. The interaction between the carrier signal and the gap 212 on the conductive layer and the switching structure 213 loads the modulation signal onto the carrier signal to obtain the radio frequency signal. By controlling the change of the driving voltage of the switching structure 213, part of the radio frequency signal couples energy outward through the gap, and part is absorbed through the radio frequency feed port to prevent the reference wave from being affected by reflection, i.e., to avoid the reflection affecting the carrier signal incident on the waveguide cavity. The modulation unit is 64 linearly arranged as an example, which is only illustrative and not a specific limitation of the embodiment of this application. By applying different DC voltages to the switching structure 213 at different positions of the gap 212, the beam pointing angle can be modulated.

[0120] For example, the combination of the working states of the switch structure 213 corresponding to the set beam pointing angle determined by the amplitude sampling function can be used to obtain switch sequences with different angles by designing different set beam pointing angles and combining them with binary sampling methods. That is, the combination of the working states of the switch structure 213 can be represented by binary values.

[0121] Table 1 shows the binary code correspondence between the set beam pointing angle and the working state of the switch structure.

[0122] Set beam pointing angle Binary encoding of the combination of operating states of the switch structure +30° 0000111110000011111000001111100000111110000011111000001111100001 0° 0111000110001110001110011100011100011000111000110001110001110011 -30° 1100110011011001100110011001100110011001100110110011001100110011

[0123] Table 1

[0124] As shown in Table 1, the binary codes for the combinations of working states of the switching structure corresponding to different set beam pointing angles are different. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the beam pointing angle of a radio frequency signal, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, setting the beam pointing angle to 0° refers to the angle perpendicular to the direction of the holographic interference substrate 200, and ±30° is the angle relative to the direction perpendicular to the holographic interference substrate 200.

[0125] For example, the principle of obtaining radio frequency signals by time-varying modulation of the drive signal of the switching structure is as follows:

[0126] Using the holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment, the transmittance Γ(t) of the holographic interference substrate is a periodic modulation signal, the incident wave is Ei(t), and the transmitted wave is E t (t), where t is time, the product of transmittance and incident wave is as follows:

[0127] E t (t)=Ei(t)×Γ(t)

[0128] The Fourier transform of transmittance can be expressed as follows:

[0129]

[0130] The transmittance function is a periodic function, expressed as follows:

[0131]

[0132] Where T is the period of the transmittance function, the pulse width is τ = T / M, and M is an integer greater than 0.

[0133] g(t) is a periodic pulse signal, which can be expressed as follows within one period:

[0134]

[0135] f0 is the frequency of the modulation signal. Therefore, the transmittance function is expressed as:

[0136]

[0137] The following can be obtained using Fourier transform:

[0138]

[0139] Therefore, the Fourier transform of the transmittance function is as follows:

[0140]

[0141] Where f is the frequency of the carrier signal, i.e., the frequency of the incident wave, a0 is the original resonant frequency, and a k The distribution of harmonic frequencies, where k is the harmonic order, and k is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, E i (f) represents the electric field intensity of the i-th slit, and δ is the impulse function.

[0142] The holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment can achieve frequency tuning of radio frequency signals by time-varying control of the working state of the switching structure at the gap, so as to achieve transmission of different radio frequency signals in the same direction without interference between the signals.

[0143] The holographic antenna provided in this application generates different harmonic frequencies and different amplitudes of the modulation signal when two different modulation period driving signals are applied to the switch structure of the slot. Therefore, if the two signals are applied to the signal and transmitted in the same direction at the same time, no signal interference will be caused. This can be achieved by demodulation and adding different filters.

[0144] In some implementations... Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of yet another holographic interference substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 9 As shown, multiple modulation units 210 are arranged in an m×n array, where m and n are natural numbers, m is greater than or equal to 1, and n is greater than or equal to 1. The m-row-n-column array of modulation units 210 can achieve more complex beam pointing angle superposition and has a wider range of applications.

[0145] A second aspect of this application provides a control method for a holographic antenna, applied to the holographic antenna described in the first aspect. Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a control method for a holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, the control method for a holographic antenna provided in this application includes:

[0146] S300: Controls the operating state of the switching structures according to the driving commands. The driving commands can control the operating state of each switching structure, allowing some switching structures to operate while others remain inactive. The specific operating state of each switching structure can be set according to the signal transmission requirements of the specific holographic antenna.

[0147] For example, see reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2The different operating states of the switch structure 213 can respectively control the conduction state of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap 212. The conduction state can include fully conducting, fully disconnected, or an intermediate state between conducting and disconnected. The conduction state of the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap 212 can control the radiation level of the radio frequency signal 101 at the location of the gap 212 or prevent radiation. The different operating states of the switch structure 213 can also respectively control the change in refractive index of the material at the location of the gap 212. The change in refractive index can change the radiation level of the radio frequency signal 101 at the location of the gap 212, or prevent radiation. The radio frequency signal is an electromagnetic wave signal carrying information data. The switch structure 213 is electrically connected to a drive signal line 214, which is used to transmit drive signals to the switch structure 213 to control the operating state of the switch structure 213.

[0148] Step S300 may include:

[0149] The combination of the operating states of the switching structures of multiple modulation units controlled according to the driving instructions is called the set combination.

[0150] For example, referring to Table 1, the binary encoding of the combination of operating states of the switch structure can be obtained based on the required beam pointing angle. Specifically, the set beam pointing angle can be substituted into the amplitude sampling function to obtain the corresponding set combination of operating states of the switch structure. Based on the binary encoding of the combination of operating states of the switch structure, corresponding driving instructions can be generated. The instruction sequence of the driving instructions can drive the corresponding switch structure to the corresponding operating state.

[0151] S400: Based on the signal transmission command, it controls the propagation of radio frequency (RF) signals in the waveguide cavity. During the propagation of the RF signal in the waveguide cavity, the RF signal radiates at the slot position, corresponding to the working state of the switching structure. The signal transmission command can control the feeding of the RF signal into the waveguide cavity and its propagation within the waveguide cavity. During the propagation, electromagnetic wave energy is radiated on the holographic interference substrate, realizing the outward transmission of the RF signal.

[0152] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The waveguide cavity 100 is used to propagate the radio frequency signal 101. That is, the radio frequency signal 101 propagates in the waveguide cavity 100. During the propagation of the radio frequency signal 101 in the waveguide cavity 100, it will radiate on the holographic interference substrate 200. Specifically, the radio frequency signal 101 radiates to different degrees or does not radiate at the slit 212 position of the holographic interference substrate 200. The state of radiation or non-radiation of the radio frequency signal 101 at the slit 212 position is controlled by the working state of the switch structure 213.

[0153] Step S400 may include:

[0154] According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate radio frequency signals. During the propagation of the radio frequency signals in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signals radiate on the holographic interference substrate at the corresponding beam pointing angle based on the set combination.

[0155] For example, taking the operating states of the switch structure 213 as including connecting the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the gap 212 and disconnecting the conductive structures on both sides of the gap 212, when the operating state of the switch structure 213 is when the conductive structures 211 on both sides of the control gap 212 are electrically connected, the gap 212 can be considered invalid, that is, the radio frequency signal can be in a non-radiative state at the gap 212, and there is no electromagnetic wave energy radiation at the location of the gap 212. When the operating state of the switch structure 213 is when the conductive structures on both sides of the control gap 212 are electrically disconnected, the gap 212 is valid, that is, the radio frequency signal can be in a radiative state at the location of the gap 212, and there is electromagnetic wave energy radiation at the location of the gap 212. Different switching structures 213 can control the radiation state of different gaps 212. By sampling the electromagnetic wave energy radiation of the RF signal in the gaps 212 under the control of multiple switching structures 213, the beam formed by the RF signal radiated from the gap 212 that can radiate electromagnetic wave energy can have a focused pointing angle. This allows the simultaneous transmission of the same or different RF signals at different beam pointing angles. Due to the limitation of the beam pointing angle, there will be no signal interference between the RF signals transmitted at the same time, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the holographic antenna and thus improve the robustness of the holographic antenna.

[0156] It should be noted that the drive commands and signal transmission commands can come from the controller or other control circuits that have command generation and command transmission capabilities, and this application does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0157] The holographic antenna aperture control method provided in this application embodiment uses a combination of the operating states of the switching structures 213 of multiple modulation units 210 to control the beam pointing angle of the radio frequency signal 101. Therefore, the holographic antenna control method provided in this application embodiment can achieve adjustable beam pointing angle, enabling focusing of the radio frequency signal beam pointing angle, improving the directivity and strength of the radio frequency signal transmission, and further enhancing the anti-interference capability of the transmitted signal. The adjustable beam pointing angle allows for the simultaneous transmission of the same or different radio frequency signals at different beam pointing angles. Due to the limitation of the beam pointing angle, simultaneous transmission of radio frequency signals will not cause signal interference, thus improving the anti-interference capability of the holographic antenna. The improved anti-interference capability of the holographic antenna provided in this application embodiment enhances the robustness of the holographic antenna.

[0158] In some implementations, step S300 may include:

[0159] According to the driving command, the control switch structure operates based on the driving frequency to obtain a modulation signal with a set modulation frequency, wherein the set modulation frequency is obtained based on the driving frequency.

[0160] Furthermore, according to the driving command, the modulation signal is loaded onto the carrier signal to obtain the corresponding radio frequency (RF) signal. The set modulation frequency of the modulation signal is determined by the driving frequency. The set modulation frequency of the modulation signal can be a digital signal converted from the information data to be transmitted. Loading the modulation signal onto the carrier signal yields the RF signal, which can carry the information data and transmit it. The information data is then obtained through demodulation. The modulation signal with the set modulation frequency can be loaded onto the carrier signal by setting the driving frequency, making the signal loading method simple to control. This embodiment of the application utilizes a time-varying driving signal to load the modulation signal, eliminating the need for additional digital-to-analog conversion and mixers. This enables the transmission of different signals to users at different locations, as well as the transmission of different signals to the same location without interference, greatly enhancing antenna functionality and further improving signal transmission robustness.

[0161] In some implementations, according to driving instructions, a modulation signal is controlled to be applied to a carrier signal to obtain a corresponding radio frequency signal, including:

[0162] According to the driving instructions, the timing of the modulation signal being applied to the carrier signal is controlled to obtain radio frequency signals of at least two frequencies.

[0163] For example, the amplitude of the modulation signal can be two or more. Based on the different amplitudes of the modulation signal, the modulation signal can be loaded onto the carrier signal at different times. Thus, the signal loading at different times can produce radio frequency signals of different frequencies, enabling the simultaneous transmission of radio frequency signals of multiple frequencies.

[0164] For example, Figure 11 This is a timing diagram illustrating the loading of a modulation signal onto a carrier signal, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 As shown, the modulation signal has two amplitudes. Therefore, by applying different timing controls, two different radio frequency signals can be obtained, namely f0. c +f0 and f c -f0, where f c f0 is the frequency of the carrier signal and f0 is the frequency of the modulation signal. f0 is applied to the carrier signal f0. c By controlling the timing of loading at different locations, multiple radio frequency signals can be obtained, which can be used to transmit different information data. For example, f c +f0 corresponds to graphical information, f c-f0 can be used to correspond to voice information. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the third timing type can transmit f simultaneously. c +f0 and f c The -f0 two radio frequency signals can be used to transmit graphic and voice information simultaneously, and because the frequencies are different, the signals will not interfere with each other. Figure 11 The dashed arrow shown represents the frequency f of the carrier signal. c Location.

[0165] It should be noted that, as Figure 11 As shown, the modulation signal has two amplitude values, representing two working states of the switching structure, which can modulate radio frequency signals of two frequencies, and can be called 1-bit modulation.

[0166] For example, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency signal beam transmission provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 As shown, multiple frequencies of radio frequency signals can be transmitted simultaneously at the same beam pointing angle, namely f c f c +f0 and f c -f0.

[0167] The holographic antenna control method provided in this application utilizes image information and voice information to be loaded onto different timing signals in the same direction, thereby achieving interference-free transmission of different signals in the same direction. By loading different transmission signals onto upper and lower carrier frequencies, the signal is not interfered with when transmitting in the same direction.

[0168] Besides 1-bit modulation, multi-bit modulation can also be performed, incorporating higher-order harmonics, such as 2-bit modulation. That is, the modulated signal has 2... P There are two switching states, and the modulation signal has 2 P With these amplitude values, we can obtain 2 P A modulation signal of a certain frequency, where P is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

[0169] For example, Figure 13 This is a timing diagram illustrating another modulation signal applied to a carrier signal, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 13 As shown, the modulation signal has four amplitude values, and the switching structure has four operating states, thus enabling the modulation of radio frequency signals at four different frequencies, i.e., f. c -2f0、f c -f0、f c +f0 and f c +2f0 can be called 2-bit modulation. Figure 14This is a timing diagram illustrating another modulation signal applied to a carrier signal, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 As shown, in the case of multi-bit modulation, that is, modulation with 3 bits or more, frequencies of ..., f can be obtained. c -4f0、f c -3f0、f c -2f0、f c -f0、f c +f0、f c +2f0、f c +3f0、f c +4f0, ... and other radio frequency signals.

[0170] Before step S300, the following may also be included:

[0171] Based on the superposition of far-field radiation direction functions corresponding to at least two beam pointing angles, a combination of operating states of the switching structure corresponding to at least two beam pointing angles is determined to obtain a set combination. After superimposing the far-field radiation direction functions corresponding to two or more beam pointing angles, a set combination can be obtained. The combination of operating states of the switching structure in this set combination can generate two or more beam pointing angles, and radio frequency signals with multiple beam pointing angles can be transmitted simultaneously.

[0172] Based on the set combination, the corresponding drive instructions are generated;

[0173] Step S400 may include:

[0174] According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate radio frequency signals. During the propagation of the radio frequency signals in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signals radiate at least two corresponding beam pointing angles on the holographic interference substrate based on a set combination.

[0175] For example, Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of beam transmission for another radio frequency signal provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 15 As shown, radio frequency signals of the same frequency can be transmitted simultaneously at different beam pointing angles without interfering with each other. The simultaneous transmission of radio frequency signals of different frequencies at the same beam pointing angle improves the signal transmission efficiency of the holographic antenna, expands the frequency range of signal transmission, and eliminates signal interference, thus enhancing the signal transmission robustness of the holographic antenna.

[0176] A third aspect of this application provides a controller. Figure 16 This is a schematic structural block diagram of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 16 As shown, the controller includes:

[0177] Memory 500, which stores computer programs;

[0178] Processor 600 is used to implement the control method of the holographic antenna as described in the second aspect when executing a computer program.

[0179] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium. Figure 17 This is a schematic structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided for embodiments of this application. Figure 17 As shown, a computer program 700 is stored on a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the control method for the holographic antenna as described in the second aspect.

[0180] A fifth aspect of this application provides an antenna device. Figure 18 This is a schematic structural block diagram of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 18 As shown, the antenna device includes:

[0181] As described in the first aspect, the holographic antenna 800;

[0182] The controller 900, as described in the third aspect, is electrically connected to the holographic antenna 800.

[0183] It should be noted that the antenna device provided in this application embodiment can be applied to satellite communication and other communication technologies, and this application embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0184] It should be noted that the descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0185] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-readable program code.

[0186] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create a machine for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0187] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0188] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0189] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer software instructions that, when executed on a processing device, cause the processing device to execute a process for controlling a holographic antenna.

[0190] A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0191] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0192] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0193] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0194] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0195] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0196] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0197] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this specification, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this specification.

[0198] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this specification without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, this specification is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A holographic antenna, characterized in that, include: waveguide cavity; A holographic interference substrate is disposed on one outer surface of the waveguide cavity; The holographic interference substrate includes multiple modulation units, each modulation unit includes at least two conductive structures, a gap is formed between adjacent conductive structures of the modulation unit, a switch structure is provided between adjacent conductive structures, and adjacent modulation units are interconnected. The working state of the switch structure is used to control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the gap position, and the radio frequency signal is an electromagnetic wave signal propagating in the waveguide cavity; The holographic interference substrate includes a substrate layer and a conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer is disposed on the side of the substrate layer away from the waveguide cavity, and the conductive structure is formed on the conductive layer; The switching structure includes a driving electrode and a switching material layer, wherein the switching material layer is disposed between the substrate layer and the driving electrode, or the driving electrode is disposed between the substrate layer and the switching material layer; The switching material layer is connected to the conductive structures on both sides of the gap, and the orthogonal projection of the driving electrode on the substrate layer at least partially covers the orthogonal projection of the switching material layer on the substrate layer.

2. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving electrode is used to control the conductivity state of the switching material layer, so as to control the conduction state of the conductive structure connected to the switching material layer. The conduction state of the conductive structure connected to the switching material layer is used to control the radiation state of the radio frequency signal at the gap position.

3. The holographic antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching structure includes a transistor, the driving electrode is the gate of the transistor, the switching material layer includes a semiconductor material, and the two ends of the switching material layer are electrically connected to the source and the drain, respectively. or, The switching material layer includes a phase change material, and the phase change of the phase change material is used to control the conduction state of the connected conductive structure.

4. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving electrode is used to control the refractive index of the switching material layer, and the switching material layers with different refractive indices corresponding to the gaps have different radiation states for the radio frequency signal.

5. The holographic antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The switching material layer includes a liquid crystal layer, which is used to change the refractive index under the drive of the driving electrode.

6. The holographic antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The size of the slit is positively correlated with the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity, which is determined based on the wavelength of the carrier signal fed into the waveguide cavity and the dielectric constant of the waveguide medium within the waveguide cavity.

7. The holographic antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length of the orthographic projection of the slit onto the waveguide cavity ranges from one-sixth to one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity, and the width of the orthographic projection of the slit onto the waveguide cavity is less than one-tenth of the operating wavelength of the waveguide cavity.

8. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combination of the operating states of the switching structures of the plurality of modulation units is used to control the beam pointing angle of the radio frequency signal.

9. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving frequency of the switch structure is used to control the frequency of the modulation signal. The radio frequency signal is obtained by loading the modulation signal onto the carrier signal. The modulation signal is used to carry information data. One end of the waveguide cavity is provided with an RF feed port, and the other end is provided with an RF output port. The RF feed port is used to feed in the carrier signal, and the RF output port is used to output the RF signal.

10. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slot is a resonant structure, and the resonant frequency of the slot is used to expand the frequency range of the radio frequency signal propagating in the waveguide cavity.

11. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple modulation units are arranged in an m×n array, where m and n are natural numbers, m is greater than or equal to 1, and n is greater than or equal to 1.

12. A control method for a holographic antenna, characterized in that, The control method, applied to the holographic antenna as described in any one of claims 1-11, comprises: Control the working state of the switch structure according to the driving command; According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate radio frequency signals. During the propagation of the radio frequency signals in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signals radiate at the gap position in a state corresponding to the working state of the switch structure.

13. The control method for a holographic antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, The step of controlling the working state of the switch structure according to the driving command includes: According to the driving command, the combination of controlling the working state of the switching structure of the multiple modulation units is a set combination; The step of controlling the waveguide cavity to propagate radio frequency signals according to the signal transmission command includes: According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate radio frequency signals, wherein, during the propagation of the radio frequency signals in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signals radiate on the holographic interference substrate at a corresponding beam pointing angle based on the set combination.

14. The control method for a holographic antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, The step of controlling the working state of the switch structure according to the driving command includes: According to the driving command, the switching structure is controlled to operate based on the driving frequency to obtain a modulation signal with a set modulation frequency, wherein the set modulation frequency is obtained based on the driving frequency; Furthermore, according to the driving instruction, the modulation signal is controlled to be applied to the carrier signal to obtain the corresponding radio frequency signal.

15. The control method for a holographic antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that, The step of controlling the modulation signal to be loaded onto the carrier signal according to the driving instruction to obtain the corresponding radio frequency signal includes: According to the driving command, the timing of the modulation signal being loaded onto the carrier signal is controlled to obtain the radio frequency signal of at least two frequencies.

16. The control method for a holographic antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that, Before controlling the working state of the switch structure according to the driving command, the method further includes: Based on the superposition of far-field radiation direction functions corresponding to at least two beam pointing angles, a combination of the working states of the switch structure corresponding to at least two beam pointing angles is determined to obtain the set combination; Based on the set combination, the corresponding drive instructions are generated; The step of controlling the waveguide cavity to propagate radio frequency signals according to the signal transmission command includes: According to the signal transmission command, the waveguide cavity is controlled to propagate the radio frequency signal, wherein, during the propagation of the radio frequency signal in the waveguide cavity, the radio frequency signal radiates at least two corresponding beam pointing angles on the holographic interference substrate based on the set combination.

17. A controller, characterized in that, include: A memory, wherein a computer program is stored; A processor, which executes the computer program to implement the control method for the holographic antenna as described in any one of claims 12-16.

18. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method for the holographic antenna as described in any one of claims 12-16.

19. An antenna device, characterized in that, include: The holographic antenna as described in any one of claims 1-11; The controller as claimed in claim 17 is electrically connected to the holographic antenna.

Images