A radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector and protection system
By using a combination of a gas discharge tube and a self-extinguishing recovery module, the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector forms a two-stage protection system, which solves the problem of electromagnetic pulses attacking equipment through the line and achieves stable signal transmission and efficient current processing capabilities.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING WANGDA SHIJIA TECH DEV CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, electromagnetic pulses can attack electronic devices through the system's external circuitry, causing irreversible damage, and the shielding and isolation are incomplete and cannot provide effective protection.
The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector consists of a metal casing, a gas discharge tube, and a self-extinguishing recovery module. It discharges through the gas discharge tube and extinguishes the discharge tube using the self-extinguishing recovery module. Combined with the short wire, it forms a two-stage protection to ensure stable signal transmission.
While ensuring signal stability, it can withstand multiple electromagnetic pulse attacks, has extremely high current handling capability, supports operating frequencies from MHz to GHz, and is suitable for electromagnetic pulse protection in various environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN115622014B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic pulse protection technology, specifically relating to a radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector and protection system. Background Technology
[0002] Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) have garnered significant attention in recent years, primarily due to their potent destructive power on various electrical devices. With peak field strengths reaching up to 50 kV / m, EMPs have a wide destructive range, can be conducted through lines, and thus affect the entire system. The destructive speed is rapid; the rise and fall of high voltages can couple a large amount of energy into the system within an extremely short timeframe of nanoseconds. The destructive effects of EMPs on electronic equipment far exceed the peak parameters that current equipment can withstand. Without protective measures, when a system is attacked by an EMP, the electronic equipment within the system will inevitably suffer power outages. More seriously, it may suffer irreversible destructive damage.
[0003] Therefore, to protect electronic equipment from the destructive effects of electromagnetic pulses, shielding, conductive protection, and grounding should be considered. Shielding refers to constructing a sealed space using a highly conductive metal, making the potential within the space approach zero and unaffected by external electromagnetic radiation. However, in practical applications, perfect shielding is impossible because equipment systems typically include antenna feeders, signal lines, and power lines for data exchange. These lines require feedthrough shielding layers to connect to system equipment, thus providing a path for electromagnetic pulse damage. The pulse can couple and attack system equipment through external lines. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector and protection system, which can effectively resist electromagnetic pulse attacks.
[0005] A radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector includes a metal housing, an input interface and an output interface on the metal housing, which are connected by an inner conductor. A grounding housing is tightly connected to the metal housing. The protector also includes:
[0006] Gas discharge tube: electrically connected to the inner conductor; when the gas discharge tube is used for discharge, the electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface flows through the metal shell and the inner conductor, and is released to the ground through the grounding shell;
[0007] Gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module: connected to the gas discharge tube; the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module is used to extinguish the gas discharge tube after the gas discharge tube has finished discharging.
[0008] Furthermore, after the gas discharge tube has finished discharging, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module insulates the gas discharge tube from the metal casing, thus extinguishing the gas discharge tube.
[0009] When the extinction time of the gas discharge tube reaches the time threshold, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module makes the gas discharge tube conductive with the metal shell, thus turning on the gas discharge tube.
[0010] Furthermore, the gas discharge tube is of the contact type; the first contact of the gas discharge tube is electrically connected to the inner conductor.
[0011] Furthermore, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module includes a housing that is electrically connected to a metal casing; inside the housing are a grounding conductor, a metal spring, a sliding conductor, and a silicone block arranged coaxially in sequence;
[0012] The grounding conductor is electrically connected to the outer casing and the sliding conductor.
[0013] The silicone block is used to make the sliding conductor electrically connected to the outer shell after shrinking; when heated and expanded, it pushes the sliding conductor, causing the sliding conductor to separate from the outer shell and become insulated.
[0014] Furthermore, the silicone block is used to push the sliding conductor when it expands due to heat, thus creating a gap between the sliding conductor and the outer shell.
[0015] Furthermore, the metal casing and the inner conductor are isolated by an insulating resin.
[0016] Furthermore, a short stub is provided inside the metal casing, which is electrically connected to the inner conductor and the metal casing;
[0017] The electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface flows through the metal casing and inner conductor, and is then released to the ground through the grounding casing.
[0018] Furthermore, the geometry, capacitance, and inductance of the stub are matched with the operating frequency band of the cable connected to the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector.
[0019] In a second aspect, an electromagnetic pulse protection system includes a Faraday cage and a radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector as described in the first aspect.
[0020] The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is installed on the Faraday cage, and its metal casing is tightly connected to the grounding casing of the Faraday cage. The input interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is connected to a cable, and its output interface is connected to the protection device installed inside the Faraday cage via a cable.
[0021] Furthermore, the output interface and cable of the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector are installed in a feedthrough manner.
[0022] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector provided by this invention can provide protection for coaxial cables. While ensuring normal signal stability, it can withstand multiple electromagnetic pulse attacks, has extremely high current handling capability, supports cable connections with operating frequencies from MHz to GHz, and exhibits extremely high performance. It also has rapid response protection capabilities and is suitable for electromagnetic pulse protection scenarios in various environments. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0024] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector provided in the embodiment.
[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the electromagnetic pulse release path provided for an embodiment.
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shrinkage of the silicone block in the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module provided in the embodiment.
[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion of the silicone block in the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module provided in the embodiment.
[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the location points during the electromagnetic pulse propagation process after adding a stub, provided as an example.
[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic pulse protection system provided for an embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.
[0031] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.
[0032] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0033] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once [described condition or event] is detected," or "in response to detection of [described condition or event]."
[0034] Example:
[0035] A radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector, see [link to relevant documentation] Figure 1 It includes a metal casing 1, on which an input interface and an output interface are provided, and the input interface and the output interface are connected through an inner conductor 2. A grounding housing 6 is tightly connected to the metal casing 1, and it also includes:
[0036] Gas discharge tube 3: electrically connected to inner conductor 2; when the gas discharge tube 3 is used for discharge, the electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface flows through the metal shell 1 and inner conductor 2, and is released to the ground through the grounding shell 6.
[0037] Gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4: connected to gas discharge tube 3; gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 is used to extinguish gas discharge tube 3 after the gas discharge tube 3 has finished discharging.
[0038] In this embodiment, the input and output interfaces of the metal casing 1 can be arranged opposite each other, allowing them to be connected via a strip-shaped inner conductor 2. This enables normal signals entering from the input interface to be transmitted to the output interface via the inner conductor 2. The outer casing also includes a grounding housing 6, which is used to release electromagnetic pulses entering the input interface to ground, for example, see [reference needed]. Figure 1 The grounding housing 6 can be a circular ring structure, tightly connected to the outside of the metal casing 1, and coaxially arranged with the inner conductor 2. The metal casing 1 and the inner conductor 2 are isolated by insulating resin, for example... Figure 1 In the middle, the inner conductor 2 is isolated from the metal shell 1 by four polytetrafluoroethylene resins 7, so that normal signals entering from the input interface will not be transmitted to the metal shell 1.
[0039] In this embodiment, the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector also includes a gas discharge tube 3 electrically connected to the inner conductor 2. The gas discharge tube 3 can respond rapidly at the nanosecond level to surge current voltage coupled into the input interface by the electromagnetic pulse, releasing surge energy. When the electromagnetic pulse couples into the input interface, the voltage across the gas discharge tube 3 rises rapidly. When it reaches the dynamic spark discharge voltage (typical values in the test environment: 675V, 1kV / μs, 230V), the gas discharge tube 3 is triggered, generating a discharge spark and heat. Simultaneously, the resistance decreases. To ensure potential balance between the inner conductor 2 and the metal casing, the surge energy flows to the ground along the path of least resistance (through the gas discharge tube 3). The conduction path of the electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface is: inner conductor 2 - gas discharge tube 3 - metal casing 1 - grounding casing 6. (See [reference]) Figure 2 Conduction path I. For example, when the voltage in the inner conductor 2 exceeds 1.5 times the normal signal transmission voltage, the gas discharge tube 3 will generate a discharge spark. The gas discharge tube 3 can be selected based on factors such as RF power and line peak voltage.
[0040] In this embodiment, if the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is in an environment with DC power supply for in-frequency lines or high-power RF signal transmission, the gas discharge tube 3 may remain in the on state and fail to extinguish itself. This would cause the system to malfunction and damage the discharge tube. Therefore, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 can assist the gas discharge tube 3 in extinguishing, ensuring the reliability of the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector. When the interference subsides, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 extinguishes the gas discharge tube 3, restoring it to its original high-ohm state.
[0041] This RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector provides protection for coaxial cables, resisting multiple electromagnetic pulse attacks while ensuring normal signal stability. It boasts extremely high current handling capacity, supports cable connections with operating frequencies from MHz to GHz, and offers exceptional performance. With its rapid response protection capability, it is suitable for electromagnetic pulse protection scenarios in various environments.
[0042] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after the gas discharge tube 3 has finished discharging, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 insulates the gas discharge tube 3 from the metal casing 1, thus extinguishing the gas discharge tube 3.
[0043] When the extinction time of the gas discharge tube 3 reaches the time threshold, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 makes the gas discharge tube 3 conductive with the metal shell 1, thus turning on the gas discharge tube 3.
[0044] In this embodiment, when the gas discharge tube 3 is insulated from the metal casing 1, the inner conductor 2 and the metal casing 1 are isolated. This prevents signals transmitted to the inner conductor 2 from reaching the metal casing 1, causing the gas discharge tube 3 to extinguish. After a period of time, the gas discharge tube 3 is made conductive again between itself and the metal casing 1, allowing it to resume its protective function. The time threshold is determined based on the thermal expansion and contraction properties of the silicone block 44 in the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4. Generally, it takes approximately 1 second for the silicone block to expand thermally to separate the sliding conductor 43 from the casing 41.
[0045] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the gas discharge tube 3 is of the contact type; the first contact head of the gas discharge tube 3 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 2.
[0046] In this embodiment, the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector uses a contact-type gas discharge tube 3, and the first contact of the gas discharge tube 3 is tightly conductively connected to the inner conductor 2.
[0047] Furthermore, in some embodiments, see Figure 3 The gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 includes a housing 41 electrically connected to the metal housing 1; the housing 41 includes a grounding conductor 42, a metal spring 45, a sliding conductor 43 and a silicone block 44 arranged coaxially in sequence.
[0048] Among them, the grounding conductor 42 is electrically connected to the outer casing 41 and the sliding conductor 43;
[0049] The silicone block 44 is used to make the sliding conductor 43 electrically connected to the outer shell 41 after shrinking; when heated and expanded, it pushes the sliding conductor 43, so that the sliding conductor 43 is separated from the outer shell 41 and insulated.
[0050] In this embodiment, when the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector does not receive surge energy, the gas discharge tube 3 will not discharge and generate heat. At this time, the silicone block 44 of the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 is in a retracted state. See [link to documentation]. Figure 3 At this time, the metal spring 45 is not compressed. The metal spring 45 pushes the sliding conductor 43, making the sliding conductor 43 electrically connected to the outer casing 41, and making the gas discharge tube 3 electrically connected to the metal outer casing 1, thus turning on the gas discharge tube 3. See also Figure 4When the gas discharge tube 3 generates heat during discharge, the silicone block 44 in the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 expands due to heat. The silicone block 44 pushes the sliding conductor 43, causing the metal spring 45 to be compressed, thus separating the sliding conductor 43 from the outer shell 41. At this time, after the inert gas in the gas discharge tube 3 has discharged completely, an open circuit is created between the gas discharge tube 3 and the metal outer shell 1, extinguishing the gas discharge tube 3. Under the standard test ambient temperature (25℃), the silicone block 44 in the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 can dissipate heat and shrink its volume within 10 seconds. Therefore, after the gas discharge tube 3 is extinguished for 10 seconds, the silicone block 44 shrinks, and the metal spring 45 pushes the sliding conductor 43 back to its normal position, making the sliding conductor 43 electrically connected to the metal outer shell 1.
[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the silicone block 44 is used to push the sliding conductor 43 when it expands due to heat, so that there is a gap between the sliding conductor 43 and the outer shell 41.
[0052] In this embodiment, the silicone block 44 expands when heated and pushes the sliding conductor 43, creating a gap between the sliding conductor 43 and the outer shell 41, thereby insulating the sliding conductor 43 from the outer shell 41.
[0053] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the metal casing 1 is also provided with a short stub 5 that is electrically connected to the inner conductor 2 and the metal casing 1;
[0054] The electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface flows through the metal casing 1 and the inner conductor 2, and is released to the ground through the grounding casing 6.
[0055] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 The inner conductor 2 and the metal outer shell 1 are electrically connected by a short stub 5. The geometric length, capacitance, and inductance of the short stub 5 are matched to the operating frequency band of the cable, and the short stub 5 actually functions as a bandpass filter. See also Figure 5 When surge energy reaches the connection point between the stub 5 and the inner conductor 2 through the inner conductor 2 ( Figure 5 At position 1), a portion of the surge energy will be diverted to the short circuit point along stub 5. Figure 5 At position 2), the surge energy corresponds to a 90-degree phase point. Simultaneously, the surge energy at the short-circuit point will be reflected, generating a 180-degree signal phase. Figure 5 (Middle position 3), then the surge energy is conducted back to the connection between the short stub 5 and the inner conductor 2 ( Figure 5 The signal is positioned at point 4 and reaches the next 90-degree phase point, then is released to ground from ground housing 6. In summary, the shunt signal is in phase with the normal transmission signal and will not interfere with or interrupt the transmission of the normal signal. See also... Figure 2Conductive path II. At the short-circuit point, the inner conductor 2 is connected to the metal casing 1 and simultaneously grounded. The short-circuit wire 5 experiences no loss during operation, and the use of metal material gives the protector a certain strength to withstand external impacts. No maintenance is required after installation (such as replacing parts, servicing, tightening, etc.), making it suitable for use in various scenarios.
[0056] In summary, this radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector utilizes the synergistic effect of the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module 4 and the stub wire 5 to form a two-stage protection system, which can precisely resist surge energy and ensure stable signal transmission.
[0057] An electromagnetic pulse protection system, see Figure 6 This includes Faraday cages and the aforementioned radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protectors;
[0058] The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is installed on the Faraday cage, and the metal shell 1 of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is tightly connected to the grounding shell 6 of the Faraday cage; the input interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is connected to the cable, and the output interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is connected to the protection device installed in the Faraday cage through the cable.
[0059] In this embodiment, the cables connecting the input and output interfaces can be 50Ω coaxial cables. A soft copper sealing gasket 8 can be provided between the connection point of the protector and the Faraday cage to achieve a tight connection between the protector and the Faraday cage, thus achieving an ideal grounding effect.
[0060] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the output interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is connected to the cable in a feedthrough manner.
[0061] In this embodiment, the output interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector can be designed as a cylindrical threaded structure and a feedthrough installation method can be used to combine it with a Faraday cage to ensure the integrity of the shielding.
[0062] To further illustrate the effectiveness of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector, the following tests were conducted for verification:
[0063] When a surge current of 8 / 20μs and 50KA is applied to the cable connected to the input interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector, the protection device can operate normally.
[0064] When a surge current of 4KV / 2KA with a waveform of 8 / 20μs is applied to the cable connected to the input interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector, the protection device can fully withstand it, and the surge current has no effect on the protection device.
[0065] The protected frequency range of the RF shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is DC-6000MHz; it supports a maximum RF power of 300W under load matching conditions; and its operating temperature range is generally within... Between; return loss is greater than or equal to 20dB.
[0066] The system provided in this embodiment of the invention is described in a brief manner. For any parts not mentioned in the embodiment section, please refer to the corresponding content in the foregoing embodiment.
[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.
Claims
1. A radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector, comprising a metal housing, an input interface and an output interface provided on the metal housing, the input interface and the output interface being connected through an inner conductor, and a grounding housing tightly connected to the metal housing, characterized in that, Also includes: Gas discharge tube: electrically connected to the inner conductor; When the gas discharge tube is used for discharge, the electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface flows through the metal outer shell and the inner conductor, and is then released to the ground through the grounding shell. Gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module: connected to the gas discharge tube; the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module is used to extinguish the gas discharge tube after the gas discharge tube has finished discharging; After the gas discharge tube has finished discharging, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module insulates the gas discharge tube from the metal shell and extinguishes the gas discharge tube. When the extinction time of the gas discharge tube reaches the time threshold, the gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module makes the gas discharge tube conductive with the metal shell, thus turning on the gas discharge tube. The gas discharge tube is of the contact type; the first contact head of the gas discharge tube is electrically connected to the inner conductor. The gas discharge tube self-extinguishing recovery module includes a housing that is electrically connected to the metal housing; the housing that is electrically connected to the metal housing includes a grounding conductor, a metal spring, a sliding conductor and a silicone block arranged coaxially in sequence. Wherein, the grounding conductor is electrically connected to the outer shell of the metal outer shell, and the sliding conductor is electrically connected; The silicone block, when contracted, makes the sliding conductor electrically connected to the metal outer shell; when heated and expanded, it pushes the sliding conductor, causing the sliding conductor to separate from the metal outer shell and become insulated.
2. The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silicone block is used to push the sliding conductor when it expands due to heat, so that there is a gap between the sliding conductor and the outer shell that is electrically connected to the metal outer shell.
3. The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal casing and the inner conductor are isolated by insulating resin.
4. The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal casing is also provided with a short stub wire that is electrically connected to the inner conductor and the metal casing. The electromagnetic pulse entering the input interface flows through the metal casing and the inner conductor, and is then released to the ground through the grounding housing.
5. The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The geometric length, capacitance, and inductance of the stub are matched with the operating frequency band of the cable connected to the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector.
6. An electromagnetic pulse protection system, characterized in that, Including a Faraday cage and a radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector as described in any one of claims 1-5; The radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is mounted on the Faraday cage, and its metal casing is tightly connected to the grounding casing of the Faraday cage. The input interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is connected to a cable, and its output interface is connected to a protection device installed inside the Faraday cage via a cable.
7. The electromagnetic pulse protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output interface of the radio frequency shunt electromagnetic pulse protector is connected to the cable in a feedthrough configuration.