A method for adjusting the plant type of bitter melon with five vines and radial shape

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for adjusting the plant type of bitter melon with five vines and radial shape, comprising the following steps: (1) planting seedlings; (2) shaping the plant type; (3) pruning in summer; (4) regulating and controlling the flowering process; and (5) applying precise fertilizers. By optimizing the canopy configuration of bitter melon plants, the number and size of leaves and the spatial distribution of stems and vines (including main vines, sub-vines and grandchildren) are taken as the main factors constituting the plant type, quantitative growth regulation of the plants is performed to the maximum extent, the redundancy of nutrient growth is reduced, the source-sink coordination is achieved under a large storage capacity, and the harvest period of bitter melon is extended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method for adjusting a five-vine radial plant shape of bitter melon. Background Art

[0002] Plant type, yield components and photosynthetic efficiency are the core keys to high crop yield. All production measures to increase production, in the final analysis, work by improving photosynthetic performance, and a reasonable plant type is the reproductive basis and morphological characteristics of high-yield varieties. The canopy configuration of plants is closely related to the photosynthetic efficiency of the group. The key to saving water and fertilizer and high yield is to establish a plant group structure with high photosynthesis efficiency and low water and fertilizer consumption. In actual production, the canopy structure can be adjusted to expand the photosynthetic area of ​​non-leaf organs such as canopy stems, tips, and tendrils, give full play to the photosynthetic stress tolerance of non-leaf organs, build a high photosynthetic efficiency and low consumption plant group structure, increase photosynthetic production in the later stage of fruiting, and achieve source-sink coordination under a large storage capacity. However, the distribution of dry matter between the organ banks in the plant is mainly regulated by the organ banks themselves, and the dry matter allocated to the fruit is based on the consumption of nutritional growth. If the proportion of dry matter allocated to the fruit is too high, it will inevitably inhibit the nutritional growth of the plant, thereby reducing the photosynthetic power of the crop, and thus affecting the future fruit yield. The accumulation law of dry matter and nutrients is the basis for achieving high yield and high efficiency of crops. The dry matter accumulation rate of bitter melon is slow during the vine-growing period, and the accumulation amount only accounts for 4.0% of the dry matter accumulation during the entire growth period, mainly for the production of leaves; the dry matter accumulation rate is fast during the fruiting period, and the accumulation amount accounts for 96% of the entire growth period, mainly used for the growth of leaves and fruits.

[0003] The canopy configuration of plants is closely related to the photosynthetic efficiency of the group. The key to saving water and fertilizer while achieving high yields is to establish a plant group structure with high photosynthesis efficiency and low water and fertilizer consumption. In actual production, the canopy structure can be adjusted to expand the photosynthetic area of ​​non-leaf organs such as canopy stems, tips, and tendrils, give full play to the photosynthetic stress tolerance of non-leaf organs, construct a plant group structure with high photosynthesis efficiency and low consumption, increase photosynthetic production in the later stage of fruiting, and achieve source-sink coordination under a large storage capacity. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for adjusting the plant shape of bitter melon into a five-vine radial shape, so as to solve the technical problems of directional plant growth and a short harvest period of bitter melon.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A method for adjusting the plant type of bitter melon with five vines and radial shape, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Seedling planting: Set the row spacing of bitter melon plants to 3m×3m, the horizontal trellis height to 1.8m, and cover it with a climbing net; remove all side vines below 1.5m in the early stage of vine growth to keep the main vine growing upright.

[0008] (2) Plant shaping: When the bitter melon plant is up to 1.5 m tall, select four strong side vines and lead them onto the vine frame together with the main vine. These five vines are recorded as Level I vines, and the horizontal angle between adjacent vines is controlled at 70°.

[0009] (3) Summer pruning:

[0010] ① For level I vines, pinch off the top at the point where the horizontal vine length is 1.5m;

[0011] ② On each level I vine, select 3 strong level II vines (with an interval of 0.35m). The 3 level II vines are led in turn in a way that simulates the "alternate leaf order". The remaining level II vines are all removed. The horizontal angle between the level II vines and the level I vines is 45°. The level II vines are topped at a vine length of 0.6m.

[0012] (4) Flower promotion and regulation: When the first-level vine is 1.5 meters long, spray the plant growth regulator "Flower and Fruit Element" once to promote flower bud differentiation, improve pollination quality, prevent physiological shedding and reduce dead fruit.

[0013] (5) Precision fertilization: In the early fruiting period (May-June), also known as the "plant shaping period", the frequency of water irrigation is once a day, and water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) is used once a week. In the middle and late fruiting period (July-September), also known as the "summer pruning period", the frequency of water irrigation is 0.5 days per day, and water-soluble fertilizer (13-6-36) is used twice a week. This can achieve the goals of saving water and fertilizer, delaying premature aging of plants, and reducing the rate of deformed fruits.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), three level II vines are selected from each level I vine; and two level III vines with a high female flower differentiation rate are selected from each level II vine.

[0015] Preferably, the growth regulator is "flower and fruit element" with a concentration of 0.2g / L.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), spraying is performed once every 15 days during the entire fruiting period after promoting flower bud differentiation.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3): on each level II vine, two level III vines with high female flower differentiation rate are selected (with an interval of 0.16 m), and the two level III vines are led in turn in a manner simulating "alternate leaf order", and the horizontal angle between the level III vine and the level II vine is 45°. The level III vine is topped at a vine length of 0.3 m, and two functional leaves are left at the front end of the fruit-bearing plant; and in the later stage of fruiting, attention is paid to the rotation cultivation of the level III vines, and the overlapping level III vines are thinned out.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] The cultivation trellis of bitter melon was improved, and the plant type was adjusted by adopting a five-vine radial shape to achieve the dry matter balance compensation point of the fruit; by optimizing the canopy configuration, the number and size of leaves and the spatial distribution of stems and vines (including main vines, sub-vines and grandson vines) were taken as the main factors constituting the plant type, the quantitative growth of the plants was regulated to the maximum extent, the redundancy of nutritional growth was reduced, the source-sink coordination was achieved under a large storage capacity, and the harvest period of bitter melon was extended; after being treated by this method, the comprehensive performance of the fruiting period was better than that of the traditional trellis, mainly manifested as: the average single melon weight increased by 4.82%, the average number of melons per plant increased by 33, the yield per mu increased by 24.01%, and the harvest period was extended by 14 days; the commercial melon rate increased by 8.8%, and the deformed melon rate and yellowed melon rate decreased by 4.6% and 4.2% respectively; the fruit quality was equivalent to the control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a real-life picture of the three stages of the growth of the five-vine radiation plant type of bitter melon in the field;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the five-vine radiation plant type of bitter melon;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the five-vine radial plant type of bitter melon. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the purpose, technical means and effects of the present invention, a method for adjusting the plant type of bitter melon with five vines and radial shape of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for adjusting the plant type of bitter melon with five vines and radial shape, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Seedling planting: Set the row spacing of bitter melon plants to 3m×3m, the horizontal trellis height to 1.8m, and cover it with a climbing net; remove all side vines below 1.5m in the early stage of vine growth to keep the main vine growing upright.

[0026] (2) Plant shaping: When the bitter melon plant is up to 1.5 m tall, select four strong side vines and lead them onto the vine rack together with the main vine, recording a total of five level I vines. The horizontal angle between adjacent vines is controlled at 70°; select three level II vines on each level I vine; select two level III vines with a high female flower differentiation rate on each level II vine.

[0027] (3) Summer pruning:

[0028] ① For level I vines, pinch off the top at the point where the horizontal vine length is 1.5m;

[0029] ② On each level I vine, select 3 strong level II vines (with an interval of 0.35m), and lead them in turn in a way that simulates the "alternate leaf sequence". Remove all other level II vines. The horizontal angle between the level II vine and the level I vine is 45°. The level II vines are topped at 0.6m in length.

[0030] ③ On each Class II vine, select two Class III vines with high female flower differentiation rate (with a spacing of 0.16m), and lead the two Class III vines in turn in a way of simulating "alternate leaf sequence". The horizontal angle between the Class III vine and the Class II vine is 45°. The Class III vine is topped at 0.3m in length, leaving two functional leaves at the front end of the fruit-bearing plant.

[0031] ④ In the later stage of fruiting, attention should be paid to the rotation cultivation of level III vines, and overlapping level III vines should be thinned out when necessary.

[0032] (4) Flowering regulation: When the first-level vine reaches 1.5m, spray the plant growth regulator "Flower and Fruit Element" once to promote flower bud differentiation, improve pollination quality, prevent physiological shedding and reduce dead fruit. During the entire fruiting period, spray once every 15 days; the concentration of the sprayed flower and fruit element is 0.2g / L.

[0033] (5) Precision fertilization: In the early fruiting period (May-June), i.e. the "plant shaping period", the irrigation frequency is once a day, and water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) is used once a week; in the middle and late fruiting period (July-September), i.e. the "summer pruning period", the irrigation frequency is 0.5 days, and water-soluble fertilizer (13-6-36) is used twice a week. This can save water and fertilizer, delay premature aging of plants, and reduce the rate of deformed fruits.

[0034] Table 1 Effects of bitter melon plant type adjustment on fruit economic traits

[0035]

[0036] Table 2 Effect of bitter melon plant type adjustment on fruit bearing performance

[0037] Planting time: 2021.4.6 Unit: kg, root

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Note: Each cell (180m 2 ) 20 plants were planted with a row spacing of 3m×3m; three biological replicates were set, and the above table shows the statistical means.

[0041] The cultivation trellis of bitter melon was improved, and the plant type was adjusted by adopting a five-vine radial shape to achieve the dry matter balance compensation point of the fruit; by optimizing the canopy configuration, the number and size of leaves and the spatial distribution of stems and vines (including main vines, sub-vines and grandson vines) were used as the main factors constituting the plant type, the quantitative growth of the plants was regulated to the maximum extent, the redundancy of nutritional growth was reduced, the source-sink coordination was achieved under a large storage capacity, and the harvest period of bitter melon was extended. After being treated by this method, the comprehensive performance of the fruiting period was better than that of the traditional trellis, mainly manifested in: the average single melon weight increased by 4.82%, the average number of melons per plant increased by 33, the yield per mu increased by 24.01%, and the harvest period was extended by 14 days; the commercial melon rate increased by 8.8%, and the deformed melon rate and yellowed melon rate decreased by 4.6% and 4.2% respectively; the fruit quality was equivalent to the control.

[0042] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the plant type of bitter melon with five vines and radial shape, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Seedling planting: Set the row spacing of bitter melon plants to 3m×3m, the horizontal trellis height to 1.8m, and cover it with a climbing net; remove all side vines below 1.5m in the early stage of vine growth to keep the main vine growing upright; (2) Plant shaping: When the bitter melon plant is 1.5 m tall, select four strong side vines and lead them onto the vine rack together with the main vine. These five vines are recorded as level I vines, and the horizontal angle between adjacent vines is controlled at 70°. (3) Summer pruning: ① For level I vines, pinch off the top at the point where the horizontal vine length is 1.5m; ② On each Class I vine, select 3 robust Class II vines (with a spacing of 0.35m), and lead the 3 Class II vines in turn in a way that simulates the "alternate leaf sequence". Remove all other Class II vines. The horizontal angle between the Class II vine and the Class I vine is 45°. The Class II vines are topped at a vine length of 0.6m. (4) Flower promotion and regulation: When the first-level vine is up to 1.5m, spray the plant growth regulator "Flower and Fruit Elements" once to promote flower bud differentiation, improve pollination quality, prevent physiological shedding and reduce dead fruit. (5) Precision fertilization: In the early fruiting period (May-June), i.e. the "plant shaping period", the frequency of water irrigation is once a day, and water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) is used once a week; in the middle and late fruiting period (July-September), i.e. the "summer pruning period", the frequency of water irrigation is 0.5 days / time, and water-soluble fertilizer (13-6-36) is used twice a week; this achieves the purpose of saving water and fertilizer, delaying premature aging of plants, and reducing the rate of deformed fruits; in the step (2), 3 second-level vines are selected on each first-level vine at intervals; Select 2 level III vines with high female flower differentiation rate from each level II vine; In step (4), spraying is performed once every 15 days during the entire fruiting period after promoting flower bud differentiation; In the step (3): on each Class II vine, two Class III vines with high female flower differentiation rate are selected (with a spacing of 0.16 m), and the two Class III vines are led in turn in a manner of simulating "alternate leaf sequence", and the horizontal angle between the Class III vine and the Class II vine is 45°. The Class III vine is pinched at a vine length of 0.3 m, and two functional leaves are left at the front end of the fruit-bearing fruit; And pay attention to the rotation cultivation of Class III vines in the later stage of fruiting, and remove the overlapping Class III vines; The growth regulator described is "flower and fruit element" with a concentration of 0.2g / L.

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