A method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction and cultivation

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, and discloses a method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction cultivation, and the main steps include: sowing and seedling management: evenly scatter healthy and full seeds in a flower pot filled with a matrix and place it in a plastic greenhouse, keep the matrix moist, and reduce the number of waterings in the seedling stage; repotting: change into a large pot after the plant height is about 10-15cm, one pot and one plant; winter management: ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 3-5℃; out of the nursery: move the potted plants outdoors or plant them in the field in the spring of the following year, and the ground planting needs to spread ternary compound fertilizer in advance; flowering management: artificial assisted pollination during the flowering period; autumn and winter management: the African iris planted in the field in spring is promptly buckled with a small arch shed in early November, and the potted plants are promptly moved back to the greenhouse or plastic greenhouse. The present invention is simple to operate, can improve the survival rate of African iris, expand the planting range of African iris, make African iris bloom in less than two years, and can also achieve the accelerated reproduction of African iris.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, cultivation and promotion, and more specifically to a method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction and cultivation. Background Art

[0002] The Iridaceae family contains about 66 genera and more than 2,000 species, and there are about 37 genera and 1,190 species distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for more than half of the Iridaceae resources. Dietes L. is a genus under the Iridaceae subfamily distributed in eastern and southern Africa, containing 6 species. African iris (Dietes vegeta), also known as butterfly iris, is a widely cultivated species of the genus Iris. It is native to East Africa and South Africa, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, etc. The leaves are basal in clusters, arranged in a fan shape at the base, leathery, straight and hard, evergreen all year round, and the plant height is 60-90cm. African iris can bloom all year round, especially in spring and early summer. The scapes are drawn from the leaves, slender, hard, with obvious internodes and multiple branches. Each flower stem branch has 2-3 small white flowers at the top, with a flower diameter of about 6 cm, yellow velvety appendages at the base of the outer petals, and blue-purple style. Although the flowering period of a single flower is short (about 2-3 days), new scapes can be continuously sprouted from the base of the leaves, and the side branches can continuously sprout from the internodes of the old scapes in all seasons, and buds sprout at the top, so it can basically bloom all year round. At the same time, African iris and Iris are very closely related, and my country has rich Iris resources, but Iris generally has a short flowering period. The introduction of African iris can improve the flowering period traits of Iris through distant hybridization and create excellent iris germplasm. Therefore, the successful introduction of African iris is of great significance to germplasm innovation, garden ground cover application and indoor potted plants, and there is currently no research report on the introduction and breeding of African iris in China.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide an effective African iris cultivation and propagation method is a problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an effective method for the introduction and cultivation technology and rapid propagation of African iris. By adopting this method, the success rate of African iris introduction can be increased to 100% and the fruiting rate can be increased by about 65%.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction and cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Prepare the substrate: The substrate for sowing and seedling cultivation is a mixture of garden soil, river sand, perlite and peat in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1;

[0008] 2) Sowing: Select healthy and plump African iris seeds, and evenly spread the seeds in a flower pot filled with substrate under a rain shelter in spring from April to May, and then cover the surface with a layer of substrate; then place the flower pot in a container filled with water to absorb water from the bottom of the pot, wait until the surface of the flower pot substrate is moistened, and then spray water every other day until the seeds germinate;

[0009] 3) Seedling cultivation: After the seeds germinate, reduce the frequency of watering to once a week and remove weeds in the pots in time;

[0010] 4) Repotting and winter management: From late October to early November, when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, transplant the seedlings into large pots filled with seedling medium, one pot per plant, and place them in a greenhouse or plastic shed. Water thoroughly for planting, and ensure that the temperature in the shed or greenhouse is not lower than 3-5℃;

[0011] 5) Transplanting: When the average daily temperature reaches 8-10℃ in the spring of the following year, the African iris in pots can be transplanted to the field or placed outdoors.

[0012] 6) Field management: For field planting, the soil should be deep-turned, 20-30 kg of triple compound fertilizer should be spread per mu, the soil should be raked and leveled, and the plants should be planted at a spacing of 15×20 cm. The plants should be watered thoroughly to establish their roots, and weeding should be done in time.

[0013] 7) Autumn and winter management: African irises planted in the field in spring begin to produce flower stems in early November, and small arch sheds should be covered in time to ensure that the temperature in the shed is not lower than 3-5℃ throughout the winter;

[0014] 8) Artificial pollination: Artificial assisted pollination during flowering.

[0015] It should be noted that African iris can bloom all year round, but the natural fruit set rate is low. Statistics on flowering traits and natural fruit set rate during the peak flowering period from April to June show that the natural fruit set rate is only 28.2%. However, with the assistance of artificial pollination during flowering, the fruit set rate can reach more than 95%.

[0016] Optionally, in step 2), the height of the flowerpot is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the covering substrate is 1-1.5 cm.

[0017] Further optionally, the environmental temperature for seed germination is 15°C-25°C, and the seed germination period is 3-4 weeks.

[0018] Optionally, in step 4), the specification parameters of the large flower pot are: height 15-20 cm, diameter 20-25 cm; and the watering management operation for transplanting and planting is as follows:

[0019] Water the plants once a week within one month of transplanting, and then once every 2-3 weeks thereafter.

[0020] Optionally, in step 6), the mass percentages of N, P2O5, and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 12%, 18%, and 15%, respectively; and the watering management operation of the ground-planted rooting is as follows:

[0021] Water the plants once every 3-4 days within a month of ground planting. No manual watering is required after they take root.

[0022] Further optionally, the field management operation in step 6) may be replaced by:

[0023] Place the potted plants in a sunny place in the field and water and weed them in time.

[0024] Accordingly, step 7) autumn and winter management: move the potted plants back to the greenhouse or plastic shed in time, and ensure that the temperature in the shed or greenhouse is not lower than 3-5℃.

[0025] The present invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction and cultivation, which has the following characteristics:

[0026] 1) High survival rate: The success of introducing and domesticating African iris has paved the way for the artificial cultivation of African iris in the Yangtze River Delta region; and it has prevented all African irises from freezing to death when the temperature in the Yangtze River Delta is below 0°C in winter, and the survival rate can reach 100%;

[0027] 2) High reproduction coefficient: This method can increase the reproduction coefficient of African iris by about 3 times through artificial assisted pollination;

[0028] 3) Long flowering period: By cultivating African iris using this method, the African iris can bloom throughout the year. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 The attached figure shows the growth of African iris in the plastic greenhouse during the seedling stage and before flowering.

[0031] Figure 2 The attached picture shows the ground-planted African iris before and after being frozen in winter.

[0032] Figure 3 The attached picture shows the artificial pollination and fruit setting period of potted African iris in summer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of the introduction and cultivation of African iris, which is of great significance to the promotion and application of African iris in my country and the innovative utilization of germplasm.

[0035] In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further specifically described below through the following examples, but it should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by technicians in this field based on the above invention content are also considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0037] 1) Seed collection: Naturally mature seeds of African iris were collected in San Francisco, USA in April 2019 and brought to Nanjing.

[0038] 2) Sowing: In May 2019, select healthy and plump African iris seeds and evenly spread them in a flower pot filled with a substrate about 10-15 cm high. The substrate is 1:1:1:1 garden soil, river sand, perlite, and peat. Cover the surface with a 1-1.5 cm thick substrate. Place the flower pot in a container filled with water to absorb water from the bottom of the pot. The water surface of the container is below the flower pot. After a few minutes, the surface of the flower pot substrate is moistened; then spray water every other day to keep the substrate moist until the seeds germinate. Under the condition of an ambient temperature of 15-25℃, the seeds will germinate in 3-4 weeks.

[0039] 3) Seedling cultivation: After the seeds germinate, reduce the number of watering to once a week and remove weeds in the pot in time.

[0040] 4) Repotting: When the seedlings grow to 10-15cm, transplant them to a large flower pot with a height of 15-20cm and a diameter of 20-25cm, filled with a seedling medium. Place one plant per pot in a plastic greenhouse and water thoroughly. Water once a week within one month of transplanting, and once every 2-3 weeks thereafter.

[0041] 5) Winter management: Ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 3-5℃ in winter.

[0042] 6) Transplanting: When the average daily temperature reaches 8-10℃ in the spring of the following year, the potted African irises can be transplanted into the field or placed outdoors.

[0043] 7) Field management: For ground planting, the soil needs to be deep plowed, and a triple compound fertilizer with N, P2O5, and K2O of 12%, 18%, and 15% respectively, 20-30 kg per mu, should be applied. The soil should be raked and leveled, and planted at a spacing of 15×20 cm between rows and plants. Water thoroughly to establish roots, and water once every 3-4 days within a month. After the plants take root, manual watering is generally not required, and weeding should be done in time. Potted plants should be placed in a sunny place in the field, and watered and weeded at appropriate times.

[0044] 8) Autumn and winter management: African irises planted in the field in spring begin to sprout flower stems in early November. At this time, a small arch shed should be built in time to ensure that the temperature in the shed is not lower than 3-5℃ throughout the winter; potted plants should be moved back to the greenhouse or plastic greenhouse in time to ensure that the temperature in the shed or greenhouse is not lower than 3-5℃.

[0045] Table 1 Effects of winter heat preservation management on survival rate and flowering

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] The technology of the present invention selects two wintering management modes, one is to place the plants in a greenhouse in the form of potted plants. The minimum temperature in the greenhouse in Nanjing in winter is not less than 5°C without heating. The other is to winter in the field. The results show that the survival rate of the potted plants moved into the greenhouse is 100%, and they bloom normally. However, the African irises planted in the field have shriveled flower buds, bent flower stems, withered leaves and 100% plant mortality when the temperature drops below 0°C.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction and cultivation, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Prepare the substrate: The substrate for sowing and seedling cultivation is a mixture of garden soil, river sand, perlite and peat in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1; 2) Sowing: Select healthy and plump African iris seeds, and evenly spread the seeds in a flower pot filled with substrate under a rain shelter in spring from April to May, and then cover the surface with a layer of substrate; then place the flower pot in a container filled with water to absorb water from the bottom of the pot, wait until the surface of the flower pot substrate is moistened, and then spray water every other day until the seeds germinate; 3) Seedling cultivation: After the seeds germinate, reduce the frequency of watering to once a week and remove weeds in the pots in time; 4) Repotting and winter management: From late October to early November, when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, transplant the seedlings into large flower pots filled with seedling medium, one plant per pot, and place them in a greenhouse or plastic shed. Water thoroughly for planting, and ensure that the temperature in the shed or greenhouse is not lower than 3°C; 5) Transplanting: When the average daily temperature reaches above 8°C in the spring of the following year, transplant the potted African irises to the field or place them outdoors; 6) Field management: For ground planting, the soil needs to be deeply plowed, 20-30kg of triple compound fertilizer is spread per mu, the soil is raked and leveled, and the plants are planted at a spacing of 15×20cm. Water thoroughly to establish roots, and weed in time; potted plants should be placed in a sunny place in the field, and watered and weeded in time; 7) Autumn and winter management: African irises planted in the field in spring begin to produce flower stems in early November, and small arch sheds should be put up in time to ensure that the temperature in the shed is not lower than 3°C throughout the winter; potted plants should be moved back to the greenhouse or plastic shed in time, and the temperature in the shed or greenhouse should be ensured to be not lower than 3°C; 8) Artificial pollination: artificial assisted pollination during flowering; The environmental temperature for seed germination is 15°C-25°C, and the seed germination period is 3-4 weeks; In step 4), the specification parameters of the large flower pot are: height 15-20 cm, diameter 20-25 cm; and the watering management operation of transplanting and planting is as follows: Water once a week within one month of transplanting, and once every 2-3 weeks thereafter; In step 6), the mass percentages of N, P2O5 and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 12%, 18% and 15% respectively; and the watering management operation of the ground-planted rooting is as follows: Water the plants once every 3-4 days within a month of ground planting. No manual watering is required after they take root.

2. A method for improving the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of African iris introduction and cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the height of the flowerpot is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the covering substrate is 1-1.5 cm.

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