Interlocking anti-frost heave device and its roadbed

Abstract

This invention provides a clamp-type anti-frost heave device and its roadbed, relating to the field of engineering construction technology in seasonally frozen soil areas. The clamp-type anti-frost heave device is applied to the roadbed and includes a heat-collecting pipe, a heat storage unit, and a heat-collecting unit. The heat-collecting unit includes a superconducting heat plate and a heat-absorbing coating. The superconducting heat plate includes a heat-absorbing end and a heat-releasing end, and the heat-absorbing coating is sprayed onto the upper surface of the heat-absorbing end. The rear and front facades of the heat storage unit are used to overlap the heat-releasing end. The heat storage unit is a sealed container, and its interior is filled with a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 10–30°C. The heat-collecting pipe includes interconnected heat-releasing and heat-absorbing sections. The heat-absorbing section overlaps the top of the heat storage unit, and the heat-releasing section is inserted perpendicularly to the embankment from one side. This effectively prevents uneven frost heave and longitudinal cracking in the embankment, especially wide embankments, ensuring the long-term stability of the embankment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering construction technology in seasonally frozen soil areas, and more specifically, to a clamp-type anti-frost heave device and its roadbed. Background Technology

[0002] The Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The railway line traverses the coastal plain, alluvial plain, and glacial plateau on the northern shore of Qinghai Lake, with an average altitude of 3220m and an average annual precipitation of 376mm. Precipitation is unevenly distributed, with most of it concentrated in July to September. The average annual temperature is -0.6℃, with the coldest month, January, averaging -20.6℃. The climate in the Xining-Golmud section is cold, with strong freezing capacity and significant freezing depth, reaching a maximum of 1.8m, classifying it as a typical deep-season permafrost region. Consequently, engineering problems such as frost heave and thaw settlement of the roadbed caused by freezing and thawing are relatively severe.

[0003] In recent years, the increasing rainfall on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has led to the enrichment of groundwater and the rise of the groundwater level. Coupled with intensified climate change, this has resulted in a further increase in freeze-thaw engineering defects in these areas, significantly impacting the long-term stability of the roadbed. While some research has been conducted on roadbed defects under the influence of engineering processes in seasonally frozen soil regions, these studies primarily focused on highway engineering or the effects of micro-frost heave on roadbeds under high-speed railway conditions in Northeast and Northwest China. Research on the development characteristics and distribution patterns of freeze-thaw engineering defects under special conditions such as high water levels, coarse fill materials, and strong freeze-thaw cycles in the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway remains lacking. Methods commonly used in conventional areas, such as coarse-grained replacement, chemical grouting, and waterproof curtains, are limited by engineering conditions such as normal train operation and the inability to interrupt construction. Furthermore, the intense freeze-thaw action of the soil makes it extremely difficult to address cracking at the treatment sites and to achieve complete closure of the subgrade. These methods are therefore insufficient to meet the needs of practical engineering projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a clamp-type anti-frost heave device and its subgrade, which can utilize solar energy in the cold season and convert it into heat energy to transfer to the subgrade. Through continuous day and night heating of the subgrade and leveling, and key freeze-thaw control of the subgrade's frost-prone parts, it effectively avoids the occurrence of engineering defects such as frost heave and uneven undulation of the subgrade in seasonally frozen soil areas.

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a clamp-type anti-frost heave device for use in roadbeds. The clamp-type anti-frost heave device includes a heat-collecting pipe, a heat storage unit, and a heat collection unit.

[0007] The heat collection unit includes a superconducting heat plate and a heat-absorbing coating. The superconducting heat plate includes a heat-absorbing end and a heat-releasing end, and the heat-absorbing coating is sprayed on the upper surface of the heat-absorbing end.

[0008] Both the rear and front facades of the thermal storage unit are used to connect the heat dissipation end. The thermal storage unit is a sealed container, and the interior of the thermal storage unit is filled with a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 10 to 30°C.

[0009] The heat collection tube includes an interconnected heat release section and a heat absorption section. The heat absorption section overlaps the top of the heat storage unit, and the heat release section is inserted from one side of the embankment perpendicular to the embankment direction.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the height difference between the axis of the heat-releasing section and the axis of the heat-absorbing section is 0cm to 50cm; in the direction formed by the heat-collecting tube from the heat-absorbing section to the heat-releasing section, the angle of elevation formed by the axis of the heat-releasing section, the axis of the heat-absorbing section, and the horizontal plane is 0° to 5°.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the heat-releasing section is a circular tube, and the heat-absorbing section is an elliptical tube or a non-circular tube with flat upper and lower surfaces and curved left and right surfaces.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the top surface of the heat storage unit is a concave semi-circular arc surface and a horizontal top surface. The two horizontal top surfaces are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the semi-circular arc surface. The diameter of the semi-circular arc surface is the same as the diameter of the outer surface of the heat absorption section, and the heat absorption section overlaps within the semi-circular arc surface.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the angle between the front and rear facades of the thermal storage unit and the horizontal bottom surface is 45° to 90°.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the length of the thermal storage unit is 10-20 cm, the width (460) is 10-20 cm, and the width of the horizontal top surface is 1-5 cm.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the heat collection unit further includes an insulation plate and a frame. The frame and the insulation plate located inside the frame form a hollow groove with an upper opening. The heat-absorbing end of the superconducting heat plate passes through the hollow groove into the inside of the frame and is suspended inside the frame through the insulation plate. The heat-releasing end of the superconducting heat plate is located outside the frame.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the heat collection unit further includes a hollow light-transmitting plate and a light-shielding plate. The light-shielding plate is rotatably mounted above the hollow light-transmitting plate. The hollow light-transmitting plate is mounted above the heat-absorbing end of the superconducting heat plate. The interior of the hollow light-transmitting plate is filled with heat-insulating gas.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, in the longitudinal section of the heat collection unit, the angle at which the heat collection unit is tilted upward relative to the horizontal bottom surface is 0° to 10°.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a sandwich-type anti-frost heave roadbed, which includes an embankment, roadbed insulation material and the sandwich-type anti-frost heave device described in the above embodiments. The roadbed insulation material is laid on the shoulder and slope of the embankment and extends outward from the toe of the slope by 0-500cm. The end of the heat release section is located inside the embankment and is more than 10cm away from the upper surface of the embankment. The heat collection unit and the heat storage unit are located on one side of the embankment.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the interlocking anti-frost heave device and its roadbed according to embodiments of the present invention include:

[0020] 1. The solar collector absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat, which is stored in the heat storage unit. The heat collection tube then absorbs the heat from the heat storage unit and transfers it to the interior of the embankment. Through continuous day and night heating of the embankment and control of freeze-thaw cycles in the embankment's frost-prone areas, the occurrence of engineering defects such as frost heave and uneven undulation of the roadbed in seasonally frozen soil areas can be effectively avoided.

[0021] 2. The interlocking anti-frost heave device and its subgrade provided in this embodiment represent a significant advancement compared to existing engineering technologies. It achieves control over key freeze-thaw factors in embankment diseases in seasonally frozen soil regions, resulting in a multiplier effect. It also ensures a horizontally balanced and symmetrical distribution of embankment ground temperature isopleths, eliminating the differential effects of thermal coupling and further enhancing the mechanical stability of the embankment. All of these effectively prevent the occurrence of engineering diseases such as uneven frost heave and longitudinal cracking in embankments, especially wide embankments, ensuring the long-term stability of the embankment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of the interlocking anti-frost heave roadbed provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the sandwich-type frost-resistant roadbed provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 , 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the intermediate-temperature storage unit;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 1 , 2 A front view of the structure of the intermediate heat storage unit;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 1 , 2 Right view of the structure of the central thermal storage unit;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 1 , 2 A top view of the central heat collection unit;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 1 , 2 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the central heat collection unit;

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 1 , 2 A cross-sectional view of the central heat collection unit;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection method of the heat absorption section, heat storage unit, and heat collection unit of the heat collection tube;

[0032] Figure 10 A front view schematic diagram of the overlapping structure of the heat absorption section, heat storage unit and heat collection unit of the heat collection tube;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated geothermal field on January 15th of the winter following the installation of the heat collection pipes.

[0034] Icons: 100-Embankment; 200-Battery layer; 300-Heat collection pipe; 310-Heat release section; 320-Heat absorption section; 400-Heat storage unit; 410-Horizontal top surface; 420-Semi-circular arc surface; 430-Rear facade; 440-Front facade; 450-Length of heat storage unit; 460-Width of heat storage unit; 470-Angle between front facade and horizontal plane of heat storage unit; 500-Heat collection unit; 510-Superconducting heat plate; 511-Heat release end; 512-Heat absorption end; 520-Heat absorption coating; 530-Insulation board; 540-Hollow light-transmitting plate; 550-Frame; 560-Light-shielding plate; 570-Inclination angle of heat collection unit layout; 600-Roadbed insulation material. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0037] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention are proposed to address the key technological problems in roadbed frost heave. Starting from the "roadbed temperature" among the three essential elements of "water, soil, and temperature" that cause roadbed frost heave, the device provided by the embodiments of the present invention achieves the purpose of controlling temperature and preventing roadbed frost heave.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a sandwich-type frost-heave-resistant roadbed, which includes an embankment 100, a ballast layer 200, a sandwich-type frost-heave-resistant device, and roadbed insulation material 600. The sandwich-type frost-heave-resistant device includes a heat-collecting pipe 300, a heat storage unit 400, and a heat-collecting unit 500. The ballast layer 200 is laid on top of the embankment 100.

[0043] The roadbed insulation material 600 can be a combination of one or more insulation materials such as ethylene foam plastic and XPS, with a thickness of 5-20cm. It is laid on the shoulder and slope of the embankment 100 and extends outward from the toe of the slope by 0-500cm.

[0044] The heat-collecting tube 300 is a vacuum-sealed metal tube filled with a working fluid at a ratio of 80-110%. The working fluid is one or more of the following: alcohol, liquid ammonia, liquid nitrogen, or liquid carbon dioxide. A liquid-absorbing core is arranged along the longitudinal direction around the inner periphery of the heat-collecting tube 300. The diameter of the heat-collecting tube 300 is 6-10 cm.

[0045] The heat-collecting tube 300 includes an interconnected heat-releasing section 310 and a heat-absorbing section 320. The heat-collecting tubes 300 are spaced 2m to 4m apart longitudinally within the embankment 100, ensuring that the preceding heat-collecting unit 500 does not obstruct or affect the radiation of the following heat-collecting unit 500 under winter solar radiation conditions. The height difference between the axis of the heat-releasing section 310 and the axis of the heat-absorbing section 320 is 0cm to 50cm, adjusted according to the height of the embankment 100; the higher the embankment 100, the greater the height difference. The axis of the heat-releasing section 310 and the axis of the heat-absorbing section 320 may or may not be parallel. In the direction formed by the heat-collecting tube 300 from the heat-absorbing section 320 to the heat-releasing section 310, the angle of elevation between the axis of the heat-releasing section 310, the axis of the heat-absorbing section 320, and the horizontal plane is 0° to 5°. The length of the heat-absorbing section 320 is 20% to 30% of the total length of the heat-collecting tube 300. The end of the heat-releasing section 310 is located inside the embankment 100 and is more than 10 cm away from the upper surface of the embankment 100. The heat-absorbing section 320 overlaps with the heat storage unit 400. The top and sides of the heat-absorbing section 320 are insulated with an insulated shell.

[0046] The heat-releasing section 310 is a circular tube, and the heat-absorbing section 320 is an elliptical tube or a non-circular tube with flat upper and lower surfaces and curved left and right surfaces.

[0047] In other embodiments, the heat-collecting tube 300 may also be a straight structure, with the heat-releasing section 310 connected to the end of the heat-absorbing section 320 and the two located on the same straight line.

[0048] Please refer to Figures 3 to 5 The heat storage unit 400 is a sealed container with a concave semi-circular arc surface 420 and a horizontal top surface 410 on its top surface. The two horizontal top surfaces 410 are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the semi-circular arc surface 420. The diameter of the semi-circular arc surface 420 is the same as the diameter of the outer surface of the heat absorption section 320. The width of the horizontal top surface 410 is 1 to 5 cm. The angle 470 between the front vertical surface 440 and the rear vertical surface 430 of the heat storage unit 400 and the horizontal bottom surface is 45° to 90°, with the optimal angle being 70° to 80°. This angle is also the angle between the heat collection unit 500 and the horizontal bottom surface. Within this angle range, the heat collection unit 500 can maximize the heat collection efficiency in winter and avoid excessively high temperatures in summer.

[0049] The length 450 of the heat storage unit 400 is 10-20 cm, and the width 460 is 10-20 cm. The heat storage unit 400 is filled with a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 10°C-30°C (preferably 15°C-25°C), which is a solid-liquid or solid-solid phase change material. The filling amount is based on meeting the heating needs of the heat-collecting pipe 300 to supply heat to the interior of the embankment 100 24 hours a day. The bottom and sides of the heat storage unit 400 are insulated by a heat-insulating shell, and this shell is sealed to the shell surrounding the heat-absorbing section 320.

[0050] Please refer to Figures 6 to 10 The heat collection unit 500 includes a protective base plate (not shown), a superconducting heat plate 510, a heat-absorbing coating 520, a heat-insulating plate 530, a hollow light-transmitting plate 540, a frame 550, and a light-shielding plate 560. The superconducting heat plate 510 is mounted on the protective base plate and includes a heat-absorbing end 512 and a heat-releasing end 511. The heat-absorbing coating 520 is sprayed on the upper surface of the heat-absorbing end 512 of the superconducting heat plate 510. A hollow groove with an upper opening is formed on the frame 550 and the heat-insulating plate 530 located inside the frame 550. The heat-absorbing end 512 of the superconducting heat plate 510 passes through the hollow groove into the interior of the frame 550 and is suspended inside the frame 550 by the heat-insulating plate 530. The heat-releasing end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510 is located outside the frame 550.

[0051] A light-shielding plate 560 is rotatably mounted above a hollow light-transmitting plate 540. The hollow light-transmitting plate 540 is mounted above a protective base plate and a superconducting heat plate 510. The interior of the hollow light-transmitting plate 540 is filled with insulating gas. The hollow light-transmitting plate 540 is suspended and fixed to the heat-absorbing end 512 of the superconducting heat plate 510 via an insulating plate 530 and a frame 550. The heat-releasing end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510 of the heat collection unit 500 is tightly connected to the rear facade 430 of the heat storage unit 400. The front facade 440 of the adjacent heat storage unit 400 is tightly connected to the heat-releasing end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510 of the previous heat collection unit 500. The spacing between the heat-collecting units 500 on the same side of the heat-absorbing section 320 is 20-30 cm. The width of the heat-collecting unit 500 is 10-20 cm, and its length is 90-150 cm. This results in a relatively suitable heat-collecting area for the heat-collecting tube 300. The heat-collecting efficiency of the heat-collecting unit 500 matches the heat-release efficiency of the heat-releasing section 310, preventing the heat-releasing capacity of the heat-releasing section 310 from being underutilized, and also preventing the heat-collecting area of ​​the heat-collecting unit 500 from being too large and wasting costs. One long side of the heat-collecting unit 500 is placed on the ground or on a specially designed instrument bracket, with one side of the hollow light-transmitting plate 540 facing the sun. In the longitudinal section of the heat-collecting unit 500, the upward tilt angle 570 of the heat-collecting unit 500 relative to the horizontal bottom surface is 0°-10° (please refer to...). Figure 10 To meet the working requirements of the superconducting heat plate 510.

[0052] Please see Figure 9 The heat-absorbing section 320 is in close contact with the semi-circular arc surface 420 on the upper part of the heat storage unit 400, and the heat-dissipating end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510 is in close contact with the rear vertical surface 430 of the heat storage unit 400. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 Starting from the right end of the heat absorption section 320, the heat storage unit 400 and the heat collection unit 500 are connected in sequence, and the heat collection unit 500 is arranged at intervals on both sides of the heat absorption section 320.

[0053] The heat-dissipating end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510 of the heat absorption section 320, heat storage unit 400, and heat collection unit 500 is wrapped and insulated by an insulating shell.

[0054] The heat collection unit 500 is fixed by a prefabricated base to ensure that the heat collection unit 500 will not deform during operation.

[0055] The heat-concentrating pipe 300 is installed inside the embankment 100 through drilling, and the installation process will not affect the normal driving of road vehicles.

[0056] The working principle of the clamp-type anti-frost heave device and its roadbed provided in this embodiment is as follows: During the cold season, sunlight passes through the hollow light-transmitting plate 540 of the heat collection unit 500. The heat-absorbing coating 520 converts solar radiation energy into heat energy, which is then transferred to the heat-absorbing end 512 of the superconducting heat plate 510. The heat-absorbing end 512 of the superconducting heat plate 510, under the effect of high heat transfer efficiency, quickly transfers the heat to the heat-releasing end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510. The heat-releasing end 511 transfers the heat through the outer shell of the heat storage unit 400 to the internal phase change material. The phase change material stores the heat inside the heat storage unit 400 through temperature increase and phase change. During the day, the increased temperature of the phase change material heats the heat-absorbing section 320. At night, the heat collection unit 500 stops working, and the phase change material inside the heat storage unit 400 continuously releases heat through temperature decrease and material phase change, heating the heat-absorbing section 320. The heat-absorbing section 320 rapidly transfers heat to the heat-releasing section 310 through the working fluid inside the heat-collecting pipe 300. The heat-releasing section 310 continuously heats the soil of the surrounding embankment 100. This process overcomes the limitation of ordinary heat pipes that can only work during the day. The heat-collecting pipe 300 provided in this embodiment can work continuously during the day and night to heat the embankment 100, reducing the freezing depth of the embankment 100 and thus reducing the overall frost heave of the roadbed.

[0057] Regardless of day or night, the poor thermal conductivity of the insulation board 530 and hollow light-transmitting plate 540 inside the frame 550 of the heat collection unit 500 can significantly reduce the heat loss from the heat-absorbing end 512 of the superconducting heat plate 510 to the surrounding environment, thus improving the utilization rate of thermal energy. The insulation shell around the heat-absorbing section 320 and the heat storage unit 400 ensures minimal loss during heat transfer. The roadbed insulation material 600 can reduce the heat release of the embankment 100 in the cold season to a certain extent, thereby further reducing the freezing depth of the embankment 100 and reducing the frost heave of the roadbed.

[0058] The installation process of the clamp-type anti-frost heave device provided in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: First, level the site. Then, insert the heat-releasing section 310 into the embankment 100 through drilling. Lay the insulation shell at the bottom of the heat storage unit 400 on the ground surface where the heat-absorbing section 320 is installed. Adjust the height of the insulation shell to ensure a tight overlap between the heat storage unit 400 and the heat-absorbing section 320. Next, install the heat-collecting unit 500. Tightly overlap the heat-releasing end 511 of the superconducting heat plate 510 of the heat-collecting unit 500 with the front facade 440 and rear facade 430 of the heat storage unit 400. Fix the free end of the heat-collecting unit 500 to the prefabricated base. Secure the overlap between the heat-absorbing section 320 and the heat storage unit 400 and the heat-collecting unit 500 with relevant accessories. Finally, install the insulation shell on the top and around the heat-absorbing section 320, and lay the roadbed insulation material 600 within a certain range on the shoulder, slope, and outer side of the slope toe of the embankment 100.

[0059] In the seasonally frozen soil region of western my country, winters are characterized by cold weather, strong winds, and harsh environments. Short daylight hours, coupled with the limited space within safety fences along railway and other road construction projects, place higher demands on the utilization of solar energy and the overall efficiency of solar-thermal conversion, representing key technical challenges. The main contradictions are: (1) The key challenge of using solar energy for frost heave prevention lies in the short duration of sunlight and system heat absorption, which contradicts the need for long-term operation of heat transfer and release processes within the embankment; (2) At night, as the ambient temperature decreases, the embankment undergoes heat release and freezing, requiring even more heat energy, while the system remains stagnant; (3) The large width and heat dissipation surface require a large amount of additional heat energy, creating a significant contradiction with limited site space. To address these key technical contradictions, the interlocking anti-frost heave device and its roadbed provided in this embodiment of the invention can be effectively solved using the following methods:

[0060] 1. This invention, through the use of phase change materials in the internal heat exchange process, transforms the intermittent heat exchange process of the heat exchange system—which operates during the day and stops at night—into a near-24-hour continuous heating state, thereby significantly improving the system's heating and heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, by setting the phase change control temperature of the phase change material to 15-25°C, the working efficiency of the heat collection unit 500 and the heat-concentrating tube 300 is further enhanced. The reason for this is that, firstly, the phase change material can absorb (or release) thousands of times more heat than conventional materials during the phase change process; therefore, in the overall heat exchange process of this invention, the phase change material can act as a "heat storage pool" for regulation.

[0061] 2. In terms of improving the heat exchange efficiency of each unit, (1) under the solar radiation conditions during the day, for the heat collection unit 500, the temperature of the heat absorption section 320 can reach 78-80℃, while for the heat release section 310, the large amount of heat absorption by the phase change material can always be maintained at about 20℃, thus forming a large temperature difference of about 50-60℃ and good heat transfer working conditions; while for the heat collection tube 300, the soil of the embankment 100 is basically at a temperature of a few degrees Celsius, which can also form a good heat transfer working condition with a temperature difference of nearly 20℃ in the heat absorption section 320 and the heat release section 310 of the heat collection tube 300. (2) From about 4 to 5 pm to 9 to 10 am the next day, under the condition of basically no solar radiation, the heat collection unit 500 stops working; the phase change material enters the heat release state and continues to heat the heat collection tube 300 through phase change heat release; because the embodiment of the present invention selects the phase change material and designs the amount of use reasonably, it can make the heat release under this working condition close to the period of 9 to 10 am the next day; (3) The heat transfer inside the embankment 100 is a heat conduction process. Since the thermal conductivity of the soil of the embankment 100 is relatively low, the heat release section 310 of the heat collection tube 300 needs a long time to transfer the heat inside to a far range. The longer the heat transfer time, the greater the range of influence.

[0062] In contrast, conventional solar thermal collection and heating methods are "impact" heat transfer processes. During the day, the overall system temperature is very high, reaching approximately 50-60°C quickly. However, the system only operates for about 6-7 hours, from approximately 10 AM to 4 PM. This method is suitable for conventional power-driven high-efficiency heat exchange systems, but it is wasteful and its efficiency is greatly affected for the autonomous, non-powered operating system involved in the embodiments of this invention.

[0063] As can be seen from the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention have the following outstanding innovations and advantages compared with the existing technology:

[0064] 1. Change the previous working mode and change the existing direct heat exchange mode to a spaced "heat storage" indirect heating mode;

[0065] 2. Significantly improves system efficiency and effectively solves the problem of overall heat exchange efficiency;

[0066] 3. By making reasonable use of efficiency, it is possible to increase the pipe spacing and reduce construction costs.

[0067] Especially under low-altitude spatial conditions, the overall stability of the on-site system is improved. In terms of stability, in this embodiment, the heat collection units 500 are low in height, numerous, and connected in parallel. This not only increases the overall stability of the device in the harsh environment of strong winds in western my country, but also lowers the center of gravity of the heat collection units 500, which helps to increase the overall stability of the device. At the same time, the parallel connection ensures that the effectiveness of a single heat collection unit 500 will not affect the operation of the entire system, thereby ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the heat collection tube 300.

[0068] To verify the effectiveness of the interlocking anti-frost heave device and its roadbed regulation provided in the embodiments of the present invention, numerical simulation calculations were performed under the action of engineering measures, taking into account the on-site geological conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway's Qinghai Lake section.

[0069] Example: On the shady slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway's ring road section around the lake, where the ballast layer 200 is 1.3m high, the embankment 100 is 1.8m high, and the top surface width is 12m. The heat-dissipating section 310 of the heat-collecting tube 300 is 7m long and is horizontally inserted into the embankment 100 from a height of 0.5m. The heat-absorbing section 320 of the heat-collecting tube 300 is 3m long. Subgrade insulation material 600, with a thickness of 0.1m, is laid on the shoulder and slope of the embankment 100. In the heating system setup, the heat transfer of the heat-collecting tube 300 is applied in a linear heat flow manner, and the heat convection heat transfer coefficient is calculated as 1 / 3 of that of a conventional heat pipe.

[0070] Under these conditions, on October 25th, the surface layer of the roadbed along the Qinghai Lake section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway had already begun to freeze. At this time, the heat-collecting pipe 300 began operation. The simulated ground temperature map of the heat-collecting pipe 300, deployed on January 15th of that winter, is shown below. Figure 11As shown, it can be seen that (1) from the perspective of ground temperature, the ground temperature of most areas of embankment 100 is in a positive temperature state. On the shady slope side of embankment 100, most of the ballast layer 200 and embankment 100 are in relatively high areas. The frost depth at the foot of the sunny slope side of embankment 100 is relatively large. However, overall, the heat from the shady slope side is transferred to the sunny slope side, which increases the overall temperature of the sunny slope side. As for the road surface, there is basically no moisture in the ballast layer 200. The presence of negative temperature will not cause frost heave. Therefore, this measure can completely eliminate the impact of frost heave on embankment 100. (2) In terms of the morphological characteristics of the ground temperature field, the ground temperature contour lines generally show horizontal and parallel morphological characteristics. In particular, the 0℃ isotherm is flat, that is, the frozen area and the positive temperature area are parallel to each other. Among them, the frozen area is only a small amount in the upper part of embankment 100, which is distributed in a thin layer and is evenly and symmetrically distributed, which can effectively solve the problem of frozen soil engineering.

[0071] The beneficial effects of the interlocking anti-frost heave device and its roadbed provided in this embodiment of the invention include:

[0072] 1. Compared with existing grouting engineering technology, the clamp-type anti-frost heave device and its subgrade provided in this embodiment have the following advantages: First, the heat-collecting pipe 300 extends from the lower part of the embankment 100 in a roughly horizontal direction into the interior of the embankment 100, mainly covering most of the bottom area of ​​the embankment 100. Compared with the vertical drilling in existing grouting engineering, this can reduce the number of holes and the drilling depth. Second, existing grouting engineering will change the engineering structure of the embankment 100. In this embodiment, it mainly changes the thermal properties of the embankment 100, mainly acting on the areas of the embankment 100 where water accumulates and freezes, causing volume expansion, without changing the original engineering structure of the embankment 100.

[0073] 2. Compared with existing electric heating engineering technologies, existing electric heating projects heat the embankment through internal electric heating measures, which require external power supply and the construction and laying of dedicated power lines. This not only consumes a large amount of electricity resources every year, but also incurs high maintenance costs when the internal electronic electric heating system fails under field conditions. The heating, warming and anti-frost heave device and its roadbed provided in this embodiment do not require external power sources and are self-circulating. By making full use of the abundant local solar energy resources, it achieves the purpose of heating 100% of the embankment, saving energy and being green and environmentally friendly.

[0074] 3. In terms of construction, this embodiment solves the problems of existing engineering construction. In this embodiment, the construction site is on one or both sides of the embankment, and the construction method is horizontal drilling. The embankment is constructed in a point manner, which allows for fast drilling speed for embankment filling and small hole diameter, without affecting the stability of the embankment. Moreover, the implementation process only involves drilling and inserting holes, without the previous grouting and replacement measures, so it will not cause large-scale disturbance or changes in the mechanical properties of the embankment. All of these factors further ensure the stability of the original embankment. The construction process does not affect the normal operation of trains, thus meeting the requirements for engineering construction under train operation conditions.

[0075] In summary, the interlocking anti-frost heave device and its subgrade provided in this embodiment represent a significant advancement compared to existing engineering technologies. It achieves control over key freeze-thaw factors in embankment diseases in seasonally frozen soil regions, resulting in a highly efficient solution. Furthermore, it ensures a horizontally balanced and symmetrical distribution of embankment ground temperature isopleths, eliminating the differential effects of thermal coupling and further enhancing the mechanical stability of the embankment. All of these effectively prevent engineering diseases such as uneven frost heave and longitudinal cracking in embankments, especially wide embankments, ensuring the long-term stability of the embankment. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention demonstrates outstanding scientific rigor and advanced technology.

[0076] In terms of stability, the heat collection unit 500 in this embodiment adopts a plate heat collection method, which not only increases the overall stability of the device in the harsh environment of strong winds in western my country, but also lowers the center of gravity of the heat collection unit 500, which helps to form and increase the overall thermal circulation thrust of the device and ensures the smooth and efficient operation of the entire circulation and heat exchange process.

[0077] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sandwich anti-frost heaving device applied to a roadbed, characterized by, The clamp-type anti-freezing device includes a heat-collecting tube (300), a heat storage unit (400), and a heat collection unit (500); The heat collection unit (500) includes a superconducting heat plate (510) and a heat-absorbing coating (520). The superconducting heat plate (510) includes a heat-absorbing end (512) and a heat-releasing end (511). The heat-absorbing coating (520) is sprayed on the upper surface of the heat-absorbing end (512). The rear facade (430) and front facade (440) of the thermal storage unit (400) are both used to connect the heat dissipation end (511). The thermal storage unit (400) is a sealed container, and the interior of the thermal storage unit (400) is filled with a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 10 to 30°C. The heat collection tube (300) includes a heat release section (310) and a heat absorption section (320) that are interconnected. The heat absorption section (320) overlaps the top of the heat storage unit (400), and the heat release section (310) is inserted from one side of the embankment (100) perpendicular to the direction of the embankment (100). The heat-releasing section (310) is a circular tube, and the heat-absorbing section (320) is an elliptical tube or a shaped tube with flat upper and lower surfaces and curved left and right surfaces. The top surface of the heat storage unit (400) is a concave semi-circular arc surface (420) and a horizontal top surface (410). The two horizontal top surfaces (410) are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the semi-circular arc surface (420). The diameter of the semi-circular arc surface (420) is the same as the diameter of the outer surface of the heat-absorbing section (320). The heat-absorbing section (320) overlaps within the semi-circular arc surface (420).

2. The jack-in device of claim 1, wherein The height difference between the axis of the heat-releasing section (310) and the axis of the heat-absorbing section (320) is 0cm to 50cm; in the direction formed by the heat-collecting tube (300) from the heat-absorbing section (320) to the heat-releasing section (310), the angle of elevation formed by the axis of the heat-releasing section (310), the axis of the heat-absorbing section (320), and the horizontal plane is 0° to 5°.

3. The jack-in device of claim 1, wherein The angle (470) between the front facade (440), the rear facade (430) of the thermal storage unit (400) and the horizontal bottom surface is 45° to 90°.

4. The interlocking anti-freezing heave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length (450) of the thermal storage unit (400) is 10-20 cm, the width (460) is 10-20 cm, and the width of the horizontal top surface (410) is 1-5 cm.

5. The interlocking anti-freezing heave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat collection unit (500) also includes an insulation plate (530) and a frame (550). The frame (550) and the insulation plate (530) located inside the frame (550) form a hollow groove with an upper opening. The heat-absorbing end (512) of the superconducting heat plate (510) passes through the hollow groove into the interior of the frame (550) and is suspended inside the frame (550) through the insulation plate (530). The heat-releasing end (511) of the superconducting heat plate (510) is located outside the frame (550).

6. The interlocking anti-freezing heave device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat collection unit (500) also includes a hollow light-transmitting plate (540) and a light-shielding plate (560). The light-shielding plate (560) is rotatably mounted above the hollow light-transmitting plate (540). The hollow light-transmitting plate (540) is mounted above the heat-absorbing end (512) of the superconducting heat plate (510). The interior of the hollow light-transmitting plate (540) is filled with heat-insulating gas.

7. The interlocking anti-freezing heave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the longitudinal section of the heat collection unit (500), the angle (570) at which the heat collection unit (500) is tilted upward relative to the horizontal bottom surface is 0° to 10°.

8. A type of interlocking anti-frost heave roadbed, characterized in that, The interlocking anti-frost heave roadbed includes an embankment (100), a roadbed insulation material (600), and the interlocking anti-frost heave device as described in claim 1. The roadbed insulation material (600) is laid on the shoulder and slope of the embankment (100) and extends outward from the toe of the slope by 0-500cm. The end of the heat release section (310) is located inside the embankment (100) and is more than 10cm away from the upper surface of the embankment (100). The heat collection unit (500) and the heat storage unit (400) are located on one side of the embankment (100).

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