A dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array

Abstract

The application discloses a dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array, which comprises a dual-mode feed network and a radiation network stacked in order from bottom to top, the dual-mode feed network is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves in the form of TE10 mode and TEM mode input thereto to the radiation network, and the radiation network is used for radiating electromagnetic waves transmitted by the dual-mode feed network to free space, the dual-mode feed network is a hybrid feed network based on a hollow waveguide structure and an SISL structure, and the radiation network is a hybrid radiation network based on a partition structure and a stepped horn structure; the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array has the advantages of low profile, low sidelobe, simple structure and capability of being applied to a high-gain scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to circularly polarized antenna arrays, and more particularly to a dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] Circularly polarized (CP) antennas are widely used in GPS, satellite, and radar applications due to their excellent multipath interference resistance and convenient polarization matching. Furthermore, the high flexibility, improved mobility, and reduced multipath reflections during transmission and reception of CP antennas have attracted increasing attention from researchers. Among these, a septum-shaped circular polarizer, formed by inserting a stepped diaphragm into a square hollow waveguide, can simultaneously achieve dual circular polarization. Its compact structure and ease of manufacturing make it well-suited for array applications. However, directly using such a septum-shaped circular polarizer as the radiating element in a large-scale array presents significant challenges in feed network layout, especially in the millimeter-wave band. To overcome this difficulty, a stepped coupling resonator is typically added to the septum-shaped circular polarizer to obtain sufficient space for feed network design. However, this increases the profile height and leads to grating lobes.

[0003] To date, all reported dual-circularly polarized septum antenna arrays have two parallel feed networks. When used in large-scale arrays, this results in a very high antenna profile and high sidelobes. Reference 1 (“A Wideband Dual Circularly Polarized Full-Corporate Waveguide Array Antenna Fed by Triple-Resonant Cavities”) discloses a dual-circularly polarized septum antenna array with a very high antenna profile, reaching 50.6 mm (5.06 wavelengths), and relatively high sidelobes. Furthermore, the radiating section has a complex structure, low gain, and less than ideal efficiency. Therefore, the aforementioned dual-circularly polarized septum antennas are difficult to meet the practical requirements of microwave communication links, and their applicability needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array with a low profile, low sidelobes, simple structure, and applicable to high-gain scenarios.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array, comprising a dual-mode feeding network and a radiating network stacked in a bottom-up order, wherein the dual-mode feeding network is used to transmit electromagnetic waves in TE10 mode and TEM mode input thereto to the radiating network; the radiating network is used to radiate the electromagnetic waves transmitted thereto by the dual-mode feeding network into free space; the dual-mode feeding network is a hybrid feeding network based on a hollow waveguide structure and a SISL structure; the radiating network is a hybrid radiating network based on a partition structure and a stepped gradient horn structure.

[0006] The radiation network comprises three metal plates and 16 radiation units disposed on the three metal plates. The three metal plates are referred to as the first metal plate, the second metal plate, and the third metal plate. The second metal plate is located below the first metal plate, and the third metal plate is located below the second metal plate. All three metal plates are square plates with the same dimensions. They are stacked vertically aligned, with the length direction of each metal plate defined as the left-right direction, the width direction as the front-back direction, and the thickness direction as the top-bottom direction. Each radiation unit includes a first radiation component and a second radiation component. The first radiation component includes four cylindrical hollow waveguides formed on the first metal plate. These four cylindrical hollow waveguides are respectively referred to as the first cylindrical hollow waveguide, the second cylindrical hollow waveguide, the third cylindrical hollow waveguide, and the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide. The four cylindrical hollow waveguides have equal radii and penetrate the first metal plate vertically. The first, second, third, and fourth cylindrical hollow waveguides are evenly spaced in a 2x2 grid arrangement, with the row direction along the front-to-back direction and the column direction along the left-to-right direction. The first cylindrical hollow waveguide is located in the first row and first column. The second cylindrical hollow waveguide is located in the 2nd row and 1st column. The third cylindrical hollow waveguide is located in the 1st row and 2nd column. The fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide is located in the 2nd row and 2nd column. The center-to-center distance between the first and second cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm. The center-to-center distance between the first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm. The center-to-center distance between the fourth and third cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm. The first and second cylindrical hollow waveguides are symmetrical front to back. The plane containing the first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides is called the first symmetry plane. The first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides are symmetrical, and the plane containing their left and right symmetry planes is called the second symmetry plane. The intersection of the first and second symmetry planes is the centerline of the first radiating component. The plane containing the symmetry plane of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide along its front-back direction is called the third symmetry plane. The plane containing the symmetry plane of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide along its left-right direction is called the fourth symmetry plane. The straight line containing the centerline of the first radiating component is called the center of the radiating unit. The second radiating component includes a three-stage stepped gradient horn formed on the second metal plate. The three-stage stepped gradient horn is composed of three square hollow waveguides.Three square hollow waveguides are respectively referred to as the first square hollow waveguide, the second square hollow waveguide, and the third square hollow waveguide. The first square hollow waveguide, the second square hollow waveguide, and the third square hollow waveguide are arranged in a top-to-bottom order. The upper surface of each of the three waveguides is square. The upper surface of the first square hollow waveguide is flush with the upper surface of the second metal plate. The centerline of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is collinear with the centerline of the first radiating component. The first square hollow waveguide has four vertical lines... All edges are chamfered. The plane containing the front end face of the first square hollow waveguide is located in front of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is greater than the radius of the first hollow waveguide. The upper end face of the second square hollow waveguide is connected to the lower end face of the first square hollow waveguide and they are in a close fit. The centerline of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is collinear with the centerline of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The side length of the second square hollow waveguide is smaller than the side length of the first square hollow waveguide, and the height of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The front face of the second square hollow waveguide is located on the front side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is less than the radius of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide. The upper end face of the third square hollow waveguide is connected to the lower end face of the second square hollow waveguide and they are in a close fit. The center line of the third square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is on the same straight line as the center line of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The lower end face of the third square hollow waveguide is flush with the lower end face of the second metal plate. The side length of the third square hollow waveguide is smaller than the side length of the second square hollow waveguide, and the height of the third square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is greater than the height of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The front face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide is located on the rear side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is less than the radius of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide. The third radiating component includes a first square slot and five metal steps formed on the third metal plate. The first square slot penetrates the third metal plate vertically. The center line of the first square slot along the vertical direction is collinear with the center line of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The front face of the first square slot is collinear with the front face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide. The rear face of the first square slot is collinear with the rear face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide. The left end face of the first square slot is collinear with the left end face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide. The right end face of the first square slot is collinear with the right end face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide. The five metal steps include five rectangular metal blocks.Five rectangular metal blocks, designated as the first rectangular metal block, second rectangular metal block, third rectangular metal block, fourth rectangular metal block, and fifth rectangular metal block, are arranged sequentially from front to back within the first square groove. The front end face of the first rectangular metal block is fixedly connected to and in contact with the front end face of the first square groove. The front end face of the second rectangular metal block is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the first rectangular metal block. Similarly, the front end face of the third rectangular metal block is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end faces of the second rectangular metal block. The front end face of the fourth rectangular metal block and the rear end face of the third rectangular metal block are fixedly connected and in contact. The front end face of the fifth rectangular metal block and the rear end face of the fourth rectangular metal block are fixedly connected and in contact. The rear end face of the fifth rectangular metal block is fixedly connected and in contact with the rear end face of the first square groove. The left end faces of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks are located on the same plane. The right end faces of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks are located on the same plane. The lower end faces of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks are located on the same plane as the lower end face of the first square groove. The distance from the right end face of the first rectangular metal block to the right end face of the first square groove is equal to the distance from the left end face of the first rectangular metal block to the left end face of the first square groove. The length of the first rectangular metal block in the left-right direction is less than the length of the first square groove in the left-right direction. The upper end face of the first rectangular metal block is located on the same plane as the upper end face of the first square groove. The width of the second rectangular metal block in the front-back direction is greater than the width of the first rectangular metal block in the front-back direction. The width in the rear direction is smaller; the height of the second rectangular metal block in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the first rectangular metal block in the vertical direction; the width of the third rectangular metal block in the front-back direction is larger than the width of the second rectangular metal block in the front-back direction; the height of the third rectangular metal block in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the second rectangular metal block in the vertical direction; the width of the fourth rectangular metal block in the front-back direction is larger than the width of the third rectangular metal block in the front-back direction; the height of the fourth rectangular metal block in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the third rectangular metal block in the vertical direction; the width of the fifth rectangular metal block in the front-back direction is smaller than the width of the fourth rectangular metal block in the front-back direction.The fifth rectangular metal block has a smaller vertical height than the fourth rectangular metal block. The front end, rear end, and left end of the lower face of the first square slot, together with the left end of the lower face of the five-level metal step, form the first input port of the radiation unit. The front end, rear end, and right end of the lower face of the first square slot, together with the right end of the lower face of the five-level metal step, form the second input port of the radiation unit. The upper faces of the four cylindrical hollow waveguides together constitute the output port of the radiation unit. The 16 radiation units are evenly spaced in a 4x4 grid, with the row direction along the front-back direction and the column direction along the left-right direction. The centerline spacing between any two adjacent radiation units in the same row is 25mm, and the centerline spacing between any two adjacent radiation units in the same column is 25mm.

[0007] The dual-mode feed network includes two metal plates, one dielectric plate, a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide, and sixteen mode splitters. The two metal plates are referred to as the fourth and fifth metal plates. The fourth, dielectric, and fifth metal plates are stacked in a top-to-bottom order. The lengths of the fourth, dielectric, and fifth metal plates are equal in both the left-right and front-back directions. The fourth metal plate is located below the third metal plate, with its upper surface touching the lower surface of the third metal plate, and its left surface touching the lower surface of the third metal plate. The left end face of the third metal plate is flush with the right end face of the third metal plate, the front end face of the fourth metal plate is flush with the front end face of the third metal plate, and the rear end face of the fourth metal plate is flush with the rear end face of the third metal plate. A first copper-clad layer is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The front end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the front end face of the dielectric substrate, the rear end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the rear end face of the dielectric substrate, the left end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the left end face of the dielectric substrate, and the right end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the right end face of the dielectric substrate. The lower surface of the dielectric substrate is coated with a second copper-clad layer. The front end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the front end face of the dielectric substrate, the rear end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the rear end face of the dielectric substrate, the left end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the left end face of the dielectric substrate, and the right end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the right end face of the dielectric substrate. The hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider has one input port and sixteen output ports. The thickness direction of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is along the vertical direction, and the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is divided into an upper half structure and a lower half structure along its thickness direction. In the partial structure, the upper half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is disposed on the fourth metal plate, and this upper half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is referred to as the first feed section. The lower half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is disposed on the fifth metal plate, and this lower half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is referred to as the second feed section. The first feed section and the second feed section are completely aligned vertically. If the second feed section is moved downward, it will be spliced ​​with the first feed section to form a complete hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider structure.The first copper-clad layer has a first slot with the same outline as a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide. The second copper-clad layer has a second slot with the same outline as a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide. If the first slot moves downward, it will completely coincide with the second slot. When the first feed portion moves downward into the first slot, it will fall completely inside the first slot. If the second feed portion moves upward into the second slot, it will fall completely inside the second slot. Multiple first metallized vias pass through the first copper-clad layer, the dielectric substrate, and the second copper-clad layer sequentially from top to bottom. A copper layer and multiple first metallized vias enclose a 1-to-16 power divider outline region. If the first feed section moves downward, it will completely enter the outline region of the 1-to-16 power divider. The outline region of the 1-to-16 power divider enclosed by the multiple first metallized vias is called the first region. The input port of the 1-to-16 power divider is designated as the input port of the first region, and the sixteen output ports of the 1-to-16 power divider are designated as the sixteen output ports of the first region. The first region has one input port and sixteen output ports. The first feed section and the second feed section constitute a feed based on a hollow waveguide structure. The network, wherein the first feed section has an upper half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider, and uses the upper half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider as one input port and sixteen output ports of the first feed section; the second feed section has a lower half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider, and uses the lower half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider as one input port and sixteen output ports of the second feed section; the first feed... One input port of the first feeding section and one input port of the second feeding section together constitute the input port of the feeding network based on the hollow waveguide structure; the sixteen output ports of the first feeding section and the sixteen output ports of the second feeding section correspond one-to-one and together constitute the sixteen output ports of the feeding network based on the hollow waveguide structure; the feeding network based on the hollow waveguide structure has one input port and sixteen output ports, and the feeding network based on the hollow waveguide structure is used to convert one TE10 mode electromagnetic wave connected to its input port into sixteen TE10 mode electromagnetic waves and output them one-to-one at its sixteen output terminals.The first power supply section, the dielectric substrate, the first copper cladding layer, the second copper cladding layer, and the second power supply section constitute a power supply network based on a SISL structure. The input ports of the first power supply section, the second power supply section, and the first region together constitute the input port of the SISL-based power supply network. The sixteen output ports of the first power supply section, the sixteen output ports of the second power supply section, and the sixteen output ports of the first region are connected one-to-one from top to bottom to form the sixteen output ports of the SISL-based power supply network. The SISL-based power supply network has one input port and sixteen output ports. The aforementioned SISL-based feed network is used to convert a single TEM-mode electromagnetic wave input to its input port into sixteen TEM-mode electromagnetic waves, which are output one-to-one at its sixteen output terminals. The sixteen mode splitters have identical structures and dimensions. Each mode splitter includes a hollow waveguide section, a leakage-proof structure, a copper-clad block, and five metal pillars. The hollow waveguide section comprises seven rectangular hollow waveguides, referred to as the first rectangular hollow waveguide, the second rectangular hollow waveguide, the third rectangular hollow waveguide, the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide, the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide, the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide, and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide. The first rectangular hollow waveguide, the second rectangular hollow waveguide, and the... The third, fourth, and fifth rectangular hollow waveguides are all formed on the fourth metal plate. The upper surface of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the upper surface of the fourth metal plate. The front faces of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rectangular hollow waveguides are flush with each other. The rear faces of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rectangular hollow waveguides are also flush with each other. The rear end faces of the hollow waveguide, the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide, the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide, and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide are flush; the upper end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the upper end face of the fourth metal plate; the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located below the first rectangular hollow waveguide; the lower end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is connected to and in contact with the upper end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide; the lower end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located above the lower end face of the fourth metal plate; the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide.The right end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the left of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide; the thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the first rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the third rectangular hollow waveguide is located below the second rectangular metal waveguide, and the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is connected to the lower end face of the second rectangular metal waveguide, and the two are in a close fit; the lower end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the lower end face of the fourth metal plate; the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide; the third rectangular hollow waveguide... The right end face of the waveguide is located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide; the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is smaller than the thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide along the vertical direction; the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide and the first rectangular hollow waveguide are symmetrical about left and right with respect to the plane containing the front-back symmetry plane of the third rectangular hollow waveguide; the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide and the second rectangular hollow waveguide are symmetrical about left and right with respect to the plane containing the front-back symmetry plane of the third rectangular hollow waveguide; the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide are both formed on the fifth metal plate, the sixth rectangular... The upper surface of the hollow waveguide is flush with the upper surface of the fifth metal plate; the left surface of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the left surface of the third rectangular hollow waveguide; the right surface of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the right surface of the third rectangular hollow waveguide; the length of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide in the left-right direction is the same as the length of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the left-right direction; the thickness of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is the same as the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is located below the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide, and the upper surface of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the upper surface of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide. The lower end faces of the rectangular hollow waveguides are connected and in a fitted state; the lower end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is located above the lower end face of the fifth metal plate; the left end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the right of the plane containing the left end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide; the right end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the right end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide; the leakage prevention structure includes multiple second metallized vias penetrating from top to bottom through the first copper clad layer, the dielectric substrate, and the second copper clad layer, the multiple second metallized vias forming a rectangular area, and if the third rectangular air waveguide moves downward, it will enter the interior of the rectangular area.The copper-clad block comprises three rectangular copper sheets, referred to as the first rectangular copper sheet, the second rectangular copper sheet, and the third rectangular copper sheet. An opening is formed in the first copper-clad layer, and the first, second, and third rectangular copper sheets are located at the opening. The upper surfaces of the first, second, and third rectangular copper sheets are flush with each other, and their lower surfaces are connected to and in contact with the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The rear end face of the first rectangular copper sheet is flush with the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide, and the front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet is located at the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The first rectangular copper sheet is located behind the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide and in front of the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The distance from the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet to the plane containing the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is equal to the distance from the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet to the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The second rectangular copper sheet is located in front of the first rectangular copper sheet, and its rear end face is connected to and in contact with the front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet. The left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet, and its right end face is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet. The distance from the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet to the left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet is equal to the distance from the plane containing the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet to the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet; the length of the second rectangular copper sheet in the left-right direction is greater than the length of the first rectangular copper sheet in the left-right direction, and the width of the second rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction is greater than the width of the first rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction; the third rectangular copper sheet is located to the right of the second rectangular copper sheet, and the front end face of the third rectangular copper sheet is flush with the front end face of the second rectangular copper sheet; the left end face of the third rectangular copper sheet is flush with the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet. The right ends of two rectangular copper sheets are connected and in a fitted state. The width of the third rectangular copper sheet in the front-to-back direction is smaller than that of the second rectangular copper sheet in the front-to-back direction. Five metal pillars penetrate the first copper clad layer, the dielectric substrate, and the second copper clad layer. The upper parts of the five metal pillars are located inside the third rectangular hollow waveguide, and the lower parts of the five metal pillars are located inside the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide. The upper end faces of the five metal pillars are flush with the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide, and the lower end faces of the five metal pillars are flush with the lower end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide. All five metal pillars are cylindrical and are respectively called the first metal pillar, the second metal pillar, the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar, and the fifth metal pillar.The first, second, and third metal pillars are arranged in a row from back to front, with no gaps between them. The distance between the first and second metal pillars is not equal to the distance between the second and third metal pillars. The distance between the axis of the first metal pillar and the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the first metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the first metal pillar and the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the first metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the third metal pillar and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the third metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the third metal pillar and the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the third metal pillar. The first and second metal pillars are located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet and behind the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular copper sheet. The third metal pillar is located in front of the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular copper sheet. The fourth metal pillar is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet. The distance between the axis of the fourth metal pillar and the plane containing the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the fourth metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the fourth metal pillar and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the fourth metal pillar. The fifth metal pillar is located to the right front side of the fourth metal pillar and to the left front side of the third metal pillar. The distance between the fifth metal pillar and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the fifth metal pillar. Each mode splitter has one input port and two output ports, which are referred to as the first output port and the second output port, respectively. The rear end face of the third rectangular air waveguide and the rear end face of the sixth rectangular air waveguide together constitute the input port of the mode splitter. The upper end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide serves as the first output port of the mode splitter, and the upper end face of the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide serves as the second output port of the mode splitter. The sixteen mode separators are evenly spaced in a 4-row, 4-column configuration, with the row direction along the front-to-back direction and the column direction along the left-to-right direction. The center-to-center distance of the first rectangular hollow waveguide of each two adjacent mode separators in the same row is 25 mm, and the center-to-center distance of the first rectangular hollow waveguide of each two adjacent mode separators in the same column is 25 mm.The input ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the sixteen output ports of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure or the feed network based on the SISL structure. The first output ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the first input ports of the sixteen radiating elements, and the second output ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the second input ports of the sixteen radiating elements.

[0008] The four cylindrical hollow waveguides all have a radius of 5.1 mm. The side length of the second square hollow waveguide is 7 mm smaller than that of the first square hollow waveguide. The vertical height of the second square hollow waveguide is 2.8 mm smaller than that of the first square hollow waveguide. The side length of the third square hollow waveguide is 7.3 mm smaller than that of the second square hollow waveguide. The vertical height of the third square hollow waveguide is 0.2 mm larger than that of the second square hollow waveguide. All four edges of the first square hollow waveguide are chamfered with a radius of 3 mm. The width of the second rectangular metal block in the front-to-back direction is greater than that of the first square hollow waveguide. The width of the first rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction is 0.56 mm smaller than that of the second rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is 5.85 mm smaller than that of the first rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The width of the third rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction is 1.32 mm larger than that of the second rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction, and the height of the third rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is 5.25 mm smaller than that of the second rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The width of the fourth rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction is 3.04 mm larger than that of the third rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction, and the height of the fourth rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is 3 mm smaller than that of the third rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The fifth rectangular metal block has a width 4.35 mm smaller than the fourth rectangular metal block in the front-to-back direction, and a height 1.95 mm smaller than the fourth rectangular metal block in the vertical direction. The lower end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is 1.3 mm away from the lower end face of the fourth metal plate. The distance between the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is 0.2 mm. The distance between the right end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is 1.6 mm. The thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is... The thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is 1.05 mm less than that of the first rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the distance between the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is 11 mm; the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is 0.15 mm less than that of the second rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the distance between the lower end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide and the lower end face of the fifth metal plate is 2.9 mm; the distance between the left end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the left end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is 11.5 mm; and the distance between the front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is 7 mm.The second rectangular copper sheet is 0.59 mm longer in the left-right direction than the first rectangular copper sheet, and its width in the front-back direction is 0.3 mm greater than that of the first rectangular copper sheet. The width of the third rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction is 1.43 mm smaller than that of the second rectangular copper sheet. The left front edge of the second rectangular copper sheet is rounded with a radius of 2.6 mm. The radius of each of the five metal pillars is 0.3 mm.

[0009] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention lie in achieving a dual-mode feeding network through a hybrid feeding network based on a hollow waveguide structure and a SISL structure, and achieving a radiation network through a hybrid radiation network based on a partition structure and a stepped-gradient horn structure. In each radiation unit of the radiation network, five rectangular metal blocks (first, second, third, fourth, and fifth) constitute a partition structure, and three square hollow waveguides (first, second, and third) constitute a stepped-gradient horn structure. In the dual-mode feeding network, a traditional 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide is divided into an upper and lower half structure along its thickness direction. The upper half structure serves as the first feeding part, and the lower half structure serves as the second feeding part. Simultaneously, a dielectric substrate and its first copper-clad layer on the upper surface and a second copper-clad layer on the lower surface are inserted between the first and second feeding parts as a substrate. A 1-to-16 power divider outline region is formed by multiple through-holes on the upper layer. Thus, a feeding network based on a hollow waveguide structure is formed by the first and second feeding parts. The first feeding part, the 1-to-16 power divider outline region, and the second feeding part form a feeding network based on an SISL structure. When a TE10 mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port of the feeding network based on the hollow waveguide structure, the feeding network based on the hollow waveguide structure will convert the TE10 mode electromagnetic wave into sixteen TE10 mode electromagnetic waves and output them to sixteen mode splitters at its sixteen output ports. The sixteen TE10 mode electromagnetic waves continue to be transmitted through the sixteen mode splitters. The first output port of the sixteen mode splitters will continue to transmit the TE10 mode electromagnetic waves to the input ports of the sixteen radiating units. Each radiating unit will convert the TE10 mode electromagnetic wave input into it into a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and radiate it into free space through its internal partition structure and stepped horn structure.When a TEM mode electromagnetic wave is input through the input port of a SISL-based feed network, the SISL-based feed network transforms the incoming TEM mode electromagnetic wave into sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves, which are then output one-to-one to sixteen mode splitters at its sixteen output ports. These sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves continue to propagate through the sixteen mode splitters. The second output port of each of the sixteen mode splitters then transmits the sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves to the second input ports of sixteen radiating units. Each radiating unit, through its internal partition structure and stepped horn structure, transforms the input TEM mode electromagnetic wave into another circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, radiating it into free space. This invention's dual-mode feed network achieves two modes of feeding. In this invention, the SISL-based feed network is almost completely embedded within the hollow waveguide-based feed network, thus, from an overall perspective… Structurally, the dual-mode feed network achieves the functionality of two feed networks using the size of only one. Furthermore, since the SISL-based feed network transmits TEM-mode signals and the hollow waveguide-based feed network transmits TE10-mode signals, there is extremely high isolation between the two modes. This not only ensures the feasibility of combining two feed networks into one in the dual-mode feed network but also prevents significant coupling between energy sources. Moreover, it offers a significant size advantage compared to existing dual-circularly polarized antennas fed by two independent feed networks. Simultaneously, the use of a partition structure and a stepped-gradient horn structure in the radiation network design ensures both excellent axial ratio and pattern symmetry. Therefore, this invention achieves a low profile and low sidelobes, along with a good axial ratio and stable radiation pattern, and its simple structure meets the application requirements of high gain and low cost in satellite communication links. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the radiation network of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the radiation network of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the radiating element of the radiating network of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 5 Decomposition of the radiating element of the radiating network of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0015] Figure 6Decomposition of the radiating element of the radiating network of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0016] Figure 7 Decomposition of the radiating element of the radiating network of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0017] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the dual-mode feed network of the dual-mode dual-circular polarized antenna array of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the dual-mode feed network of the dual-mode dual-circular polarized antenna array of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the mode separator of the dual-mode feed network of the dual-mode dual-circular polarized antenna array of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the mode separator in the dual-mode feed network of the dual-mode dual-circular polarized antenna array of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 12 The simulation curve of the reflection coefficient of the broadband dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 13 The axial ratio simulation curve of the broadband dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 14 This is a simulation curve of the gain of the broadband dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, a dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array includes a dual-mode feed network 1 and a radiation network 2 stacked in a bottom-up order. The dual-mode feed network 1 is used to transmit electromagnetic waves in TE10 mode and TEM mode input thereto to the radiation network 2; the radiation network 2 is used to radiate the electromagnetic waves transmitted thereto by the dual-mode feed network 1 into free space. The dual-mode feed network 1 is a hybrid feed network based on a hollow waveguide structure and a SISL structure; the radiation network 2 is a hybrid radiation network based on a partition structure and a stepped horn structure.

[0026] Example 2: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: Figures 2 to 7As shown, the radiation network 2 includes three metal plates and 16 radiation units 7 disposed on the three metal plates; the three metal plates are respectively referred to as the first metal plate 4, the second metal plate 5, and the third metal plate 6; the second metal plate 5 is located below the first metal plate 4, and the third metal plate 6 is located below the second metal plate 5. The first metal plate 4, the second metal plate 5, and the third metal plate 6 are all square plates with the same size. The first metal plate 4, the second metal plate 5, and the third metal plate 6 are stacked together vertically aligned. The first metal plate 4, the second metal plate 5, and the third metal plate 6 are integrally formed. The length direction of each metal plate is taken as the left-right direction, the width direction as the front-back direction, and the thickness direction as the top-bottom direction; each radiation unit... Each of the seven components includes a first radiating component, a second radiating component, and a third radiating component. The first radiating component includes four cylindrical hollow waveguides formed on the first metal plate 4. The four cylindrical hollow waveguides are respectively called the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8, the second cylindrical hollow waveguide 9, the third cylindrical hollow waveguide 10, and the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide 11. The four cylindrical hollow waveguides have equal radii of 5.1 mm and extend vertically through the first metal plate 4. The first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8, the second cylindrical hollow waveguide 9, the third cylindrical hollow waveguide 10, and the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide 11 are evenly spaced in a 2-row, 2-column configuration, with the row direction along the front-to-back direction and the column direction along the left-to-right direction. Cylindrical hollow waveguide 8 is located in the first row and first column; the second cylindrical hollow waveguide 9 is located in the second row and first column; the third cylindrical hollow waveguide 10 is located in the first row and second column; and the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide 11 is located in the second row and second column. The center-to-center distance between the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8 and the second cylindrical hollow waveguide 9 is 12.5 mm. The center-to-center distance between the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8 and the third cylindrical hollow waveguide 10 is 12.5 mm. The center-to-center distance between the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide 11 and the second cylindrical hollow waveguide 9 is 12.5 mm. The center-to-center distance between the third cylindrical hollow waveguide 10 and the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide 11 is 12.5 mm. The first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8 and the second cylindrical hollow waveguide 9 are located in front of... The first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides 8 and 10 are symmetrical, and the plane containing their front and rear symmetry planes is called the first symmetry plane. The second and third cylindrical hollow waveguides 10 are symmetrical, and the plane containing their left and right symmetry planes is called the second symmetry plane. The intersection of the first and second symmetry planes is the centerline of the first radiating component. The plane containing the front-rear symmetry plane of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8 is called the third symmetry plane. The plane containing the left-right symmetry plane of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8 is called the fourth symmetry plane. The straight line containing the centerline of the first radiating component is called the center of the radiating unit 7. The second radiating component includes a three-stage stepped gradient horn formed on the second metal plate 5. The three-stage stepped gradient horn is composed of three square hollow waveguides.The three square hollow waveguides are respectively designated as the first square hollow waveguide 12, the second square hollow waveguide 13, and the third square hollow waveguide 14. These waveguides are arranged in a top-to-bottom order. The upper surfaces of the first square hollow waveguide 12, the second square hollow waveguide 13, and the third square hollow waveguide 14 are square. The upper surface of the first square hollow waveguide 12 is flush with the upper surface of the second metal plate 5. The centerline of the first square hollow waveguide 12 along the vertical direction is aligned with the centerline of the first radiating component. All four edges of the first square hollow waveguide 12 along the vertical direction are chamfered, with the chamfered half-angle... The diameter is 3mm. The front end face of the first square hollow waveguide 12 is located on the front side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is greater than the radius of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8. The upper end face of the second square hollow waveguide 13 is connected to the lower end face of the first square hollow waveguide 12 and they are in a close fit. The center line of the second square hollow waveguide 13 along the vertical direction is on the same straight line as the center line of the first square hollow waveguide 12 along the vertical direction. The side length of the second square hollow waveguide 13 is smaller than the side length of the first square hollow waveguide 12 by 7mm. The height of the second square hollow waveguide 13 along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the first square hollow waveguide 12 along the vertical direction by 2.8mm. The front face of the second square hollow waveguide 13 is located on the front side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is less than the radius of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8. The upper end face of the third square hollow waveguide 14 is connected to the lower end face of the second square hollow waveguide 13 and is in a close fit. The center line of the third square hollow waveguide 14 along the vertical direction is on the same straight line as the center line of the second square hollow waveguide 13 along the vertical direction. The lower end face of the third square hollow waveguide 14 is flush with the lower end face of the second metal plate 5. The side length of the third square hollow waveguide 14 is smaller than the side length of the second square hollow waveguide 13 by 7.3 mm. The height of the third square hollow waveguide 14 along the vertical direction is larger than the height of the second square hollow waveguide 13 along the vertical direction by 0.2 mm. The front face of the third square hollow waveguide 14 is located on the rear side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is less than the radius of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide 8. The third radiating component includes a first square slot 15 and a five-level metal step on the third metal plate 6. The first square slot 15 penetrates the third metal plate 6 vertically. The center line of the first square slot 15 along the vertical direction is on the same straight line as the center line of the third square hollow waveguide 14 along the vertical direction. The front face of the first square slot 15 is on the same plane as the front face of the third square hollow waveguide 14. The rear face of the first square slot 15 is on the same plane as the rear face of the third square hollow waveguide 14. The left end face of the first square slot 15 is on the same plane as the left end face of the third square hollow waveguide 14. The right end face of the first square slot 15 is on the same plane as the right end face of the third square hollow waveguide 14. The five-level metal step includes five rectangular metal blocks.Five rectangular metal blocks are designated as first rectangular metal block 16, second rectangular metal block 17, third rectangular metal block 18, fourth rectangular metal block 19, and fifth rectangular metal block 20. These blocks are arranged sequentially from front to back within the first square groove 15. The front end face of the first rectangular metal block 16 is fixedly connected to and in contact with the front end face of the first square groove 15. The front end face of the second rectangular metal block 17 is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the first rectangular metal block 16. The front end face of the third rectangular metal block 18 is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the second rectangular metal block 17. The fourth rectangular metal block 19... The front end face of metal block 19 is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the third rectangular metal block 18. The front end face of the fifth rectangular metal block 20 is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the fourth rectangular metal block 19. The rear end face of the fifth rectangular metal block 20 is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the first square groove 15. The left end faces of the first rectangular metal block 16, the second rectangular metal block 17, the third rectangular metal block 18, the fourth rectangular metal block 19, and the fifth rectangular metal block 20 are located on the same plane. The right end faces of the first rectangular metal block 16, the second rectangular metal block 17, the third rectangular metal block 18, the fourth rectangular metal block 19, and the fifth rectangular metal block 20 are located on the same plane. The lower ends of the three rectangular metal blocks 18, the fourth rectangular metal block 19, and the fifth rectangular metal block 20 are on the same plane as the lower end of the first square groove 15. The distance from the right end of the first rectangular metal block 16 to the right end of the first square groove 15 is equal to the distance from the left end of the first rectangular metal block 16 to the left end of the first square groove 15. The length of the first rectangular metal block 16 in the left-right direction is less than the length of the first square groove 15 in the left-right direction. The upper end of the first rectangular metal block 16 is on the same plane as the upper end of the first square groove 15. The width of the second rectangular metal block 17 in the front-back direction is smaller than the width of the first rectangular metal block 16 in the front-back direction by 0.56 mm. The height of the second rectangular metal block 17 in the vertical direction is greater than that of the first rectangular metal block 16. The height of the third rectangular metal block 18 along the vertical direction is smaller, by 5.85 mm; the width of the third rectangular metal block 18 along the front-back direction is larger than the width of the second rectangular metal block 17 along the front-back direction, by 1.32 mm; the height of the third rectangular metal block 18 along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the second rectangular metal block 17 along the vertical direction, by 5.25 mm; the width of the fourth rectangular metal block 19 along the front-back direction is larger than the width of the third rectangular metal block 18 along the front-back direction, by 3.04 mm; the height of the fourth rectangular metal block 19 along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the third rectangular metal block 18 along the vertical direction, by 3.8 mm; the width of the fifth rectangular metal block 20 along the front-back direction is smaller than the width of the fourth rectangular metal block 19 along the front-back direction, by 4.35 mm.The height of the fifth rectangular metal block 20 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the fourth rectangular metal block 19 in the vertical direction, and is 1.95 mm smaller. The front end, rear end, and left end of the lower end face of the first square slot 15, together with the left end of the lower end face of the five-level metal step, form the first input port of the radiation unit 7. The front end, rear end, and right end of the lower end face of the first square slot 15, together with the right end of the lower end face of the five-level metal step, form the second input port of the radiation unit 7. The upper ends of the four cylindrical hollow waveguides together constitute the output port of the radiation unit 7. The 16 radiation units 7 are evenly distributed in a 4-row, 4-column pattern, with the row direction along the front-back direction and the column direction along the left-right direction. The distance between the center lines of any two adjacent radiation units 7 in the same row is 25 mm, and the distance between the center lines of any two adjacent radiation units 7 in the same column is 25 mm.

[0027] Example 2: This example is basically the same as Example 2, except that: in this example, as Figures 8 to 11As shown, the dual-mode feed network 1 includes two metal plates, a dielectric substrate 21, a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide, and sixteen mode splitters. The two metal plates are referred to as the fourth metal plate 22 and the fifth metal plate 23. The fourth metal plate 22, dielectric substrate 21, and fifth metal plate 23 are stacked in a top-to-bottom order. The lengths of the fourth metal plate 22, dielectric substrate 21, and fifth metal plate 23 are equal in the left-right direction and in the front-back direction. The fourth metal plate 22 is located below the third metal plate 6, and its upper surface is in contact with the lower surface of the third metal plate 6. The left side of the fourth metal plate 22... The end face of the fourth metal plate 22 is flush with the left end face of the third metal plate 6, the right end face of the fourth metal plate 22 is flush with the right end face of the third metal plate 6, the front end face of the fourth metal plate 22 is flush with the front end face of the third metal plate 6, and the rear end face of the fourth metal plate 22 is flush with the rear end face of the third metal plate 6. A first copper clad layer 24 is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 21. The front end face of the first copper clad layer 24 is flush with the front end face of the dielectric substrate 21, the rear end face of the first copper clad layer 24 is flush with the rear end face of the dielectric substrate 21, the left end face of the first copper clad layer 24 is flush with the left end face of the dielectric substrate 21, and the right end face of the first copper clad layer 24 is flush with the right end face of the dielectric substrate 21. A second copper-clad layer 25 is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 21. The front end face of the second copper-clad layer 25 is flush with the front end face of the dielectric substrate 21, the rear end face of the second copper-clad layer 25 is flush with the rear end face of the dielectric substrate 21, the left end face of the second copper-clad layer 25 is flush with the left end face of the dielectric substrate 21, and the right end face of the second copper-clad layer 25 is flush with the right end face of the dielectric substrate 21. The 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide has one input port and sixteen output ports. The thickness direction of the 1-to-16 power divider is along the vertical direction, and the 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide is divided into an upper half structure and a lower half structure along its thickness direction. The upper half of the 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide is set on the fourth metal plate 22. This upper half of the 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide is called the first feed section 26. The lower half of the 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide is set on the fifth metal plate 23. This lower half of the 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide is called the second feed section 27. The first feed section 26 and the second feed section 27 are completely aligned vertically. If the second feed section 27 is moved downward, it will be spliced ​​with the second feed section 27 to form a complete 1-to-16 power divider structure based on the hollow waveguide.A first slot 28 with the same outline as a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide is formed on the first copper-clad layer 24. A second slot 29 with the same outline as a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide is formed on the second copper-clad layer 25. If the first slot 28 moves downward, it will completely coincide with the second slot 29. When the first feed section 26 moves downward into the first slot 28, it will fall completely inside the first slot 28. If the second feed section 27 moves upward into the second slot 29, it will fall completely inside the second slot 29. Multiple first metallized vias pass through the first copper-clad layer 24, the dielectric substrate 21, and the second copper-clad layer 25 from top to bottom, forming a 1-to-16 power divider outline region. If the first feed section 26 moves downwards, it will completely enter the outline region of the 1-to-16 power divider. The outline region of the 1-to-16 power divider surrounded by multiple first metallized vias is called the first region. The location of the first region corresponding to the input port of the 1-to-16 power divider is designated as the input port of the first region, and the location of the first region corresponding to the sixteen output ports of the 1-to-16 power divider is designated as the sixteen output ports of the first region. The first region has one input port and sixteen output ports. The first feed section 26 and the second feed section 27 constitute a feed network based on a hollow waveguide structure. The first feed section 26 has the upper half of the 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide, which includes the input port and sixteen output ports. The upper half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider serves as one input port and sixteen output ports of the first feed section 26; the lower half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider serves as one input port and sixteen output ports of the second feed section 27; one input port of the first feed section 26 and one input port of the second feed section 27 together constitute the input port of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure; the sixteen output ports of the first feed section 26 and the sixteen output ports of the second feed section 27 The top and bottom components correspond one-to-one, together forming sixteen output ports of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure. The feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure has one input port and sixteen output ports. The feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure is used to convert one TE10 mode electromagnetic wave into sixteen TE10 mode electromagnetic waves and output them one-to-one at its sixteen output terminals. The first feed section 26, dielectric substrate 21, first copper clad layer 24, second copper clad layer 25 and second feed section 27 constitute the feed network based on the SISL structure. The input port of the first feed section 26, the input port of the second feed section 27 and the input port of the first region together constitute the input port of the feed network based on the SISL structure.The sixteen output ports of the first feed section 26, the sixteen output ports of the second feed section 27, and the sixteen output ports of the first region are connected one by one from top to bottom to form the sixteen output ports of the SISL-based feed network. The SISL-based feed network has one input port and sixteen output ports. The SISL-based feed network is used to convert the electromagnetic wave in one TEM mode input port into sixteen electromagnetic waves in TEM mode form, which are output one by one at its sixteen output terminals. The sixteen mode splitters have the same structure and size. Each mode splitter includes a hollow waveguide section, a leakage prevention structure, a copper-clad block, and five metal pillars. The hollow waveguide section includes seven rectangular hollow waveguides and seven rectangular hollow waveguides. The hollow waveguides are respectively designated as the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31, the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32, the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide 33, the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34, the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35, and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36. The first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31, the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32, the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide 33, and the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34 are all formed on the fourth metal plate 22. The upper end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 is flush with the upper end face of the fourth metal plate 22. The front end faces of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31, the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32, the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide 33, and the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34 are also present. The front faces of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31, the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32, the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide 33, the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34, the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35, and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 are flush. The rear faces of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31, the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32, the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide 33, the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34, the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35, and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 are flush. The upper face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 is flush with the upper face of the fourth metal plate 22. The second rectangular hollow waveguide 31 is located below the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30. The lower face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 is connected to and fits snugly with the upper face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31. In this configuration, the lower end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31 is located above the lower end face of the fourth metal plate 22, and the two are 1.3 mm apart; the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31 is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, and the two are 0.2 mm apart; the right end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31 is located to the left of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, and the two are 1.6 mm apart; the thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31 in the vertical direction is smaller than the thickness of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 in the vertical direction, and is 1.05 mm smaller; the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is located below the second rectangular metal waveguide, and the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is connected to the lower end face of the second rectangular metal waveguide, and the two are in a close fit.The lower end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is flush with the lower end face of the fourth metal plate 22; the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is flush with the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31; the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30, and the distance between them is 11mm; the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 in the vertical direction is smaller than the thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31 in the vertical direction, and is 0.15mm smaller; the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide 33 and the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 are symmetrical about the plane containing the plane of symmetry of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 in the front-back direction, and the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34 is symmetrical about the second rectangular hollow waveguide 31. The third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is symmetrical about the plane containing its front-to-back symmetry plane. The sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35 and the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 are both formed on the fifth metal plate 23. The upper end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35 is flush with the upper end face of the fifth metal plate 23. The left end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35 is flush with the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32. The right end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35 is flush with the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32. The length of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35 in the left-to-right direction is the same as the length of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 in the left-to-right direction. The thickness of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35 in the top-to-bottom direction is the same as the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 in the top-to-bottom direction. The thickness is consistent; the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 is located below the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35, and the upper end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 is connected to and in contact with the lower end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35; the lower end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 is located above the lower end face of the fifth metal plate 23, and the distance between the two is 2.9mm; the left end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 is located to the right of the plane containing the left end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35, and the distance between the two is 11.5mm; the right end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide 36 is flush with the right end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35; the leakage prevention structure includes multiple layers penetrating from top to bottom through the first copper clad layer 24, the dielectric substrate 21, and the second copper clad layer 25. The second metallized via 37, and multiple second metallized vias 37 form a rectangular area 38. If the third rectangular air waveguide moves downward, it will enter the interior of the rectangular area 38. The copper cladding block includes three rectangular copper sheets, referred to as the first rectangular copper sheet 39, the second rectangular copper sheet 40, and the third rectangular copper sheet 41, respectively. An opening is provided on the first copper cladding layer 24. The first rectangular copper sheet 39, the second rectangular copper sheet 40, and the third rectangular copper sheet 41 are located at the opening. The upper surfaces of the first rectangular copper sheet 39, the second rectangular copper sheet 40, and the third rectangular copper sheet 41 are flush. The lower surfaces of the first rectangular copper sheet 39, the second rectangular copper sheet 40, and the third rectangular copper sheet 41 are all connected to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 21 and are in a fitted state.The rear end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 is flush with the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32. The front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 is located behind the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 and in front of the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32. The distance between the front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is 7.05 mm. The distance from the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 to the plane containing the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is equal to the distance from the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 to the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32. The second rectangular copper sheet 40 is located in front of the first rectangular copper sheet 39. The rear end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 is flush with the rear end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39. The front ends of the copper sheet 39 are connected and in a fitted state. The left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39, and the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 is located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39. The distance between the plane containing the left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 and the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39, and the distance between the plane containing the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 and the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet 39, are equal. The length of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 in the left-right direction is 0.59 mm greater than the length of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 in the left-right direction, and the width of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 in the front-back direction is 0.3 mm greater than the width of the first rectangular copper sheet 39 in the front-back direction. The left front edge of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 is rounded with a radius of 2.6mm; the third rectangular copper sheet 41 is located to the right of the second rectangular copper sheet 40, the front end face of the third rectangular copper sheet 41 is flush with the front end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40, the left end face of the third rectangular copper sheet 41 is connected to and in contact with the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40, and the width of the third rectangular copper sheet 41 in the front-back direction is 1.43mm smaller than the width of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 in the front-back direction; five metal pillars penetrate the first copper clad layer 24 and the dielectric substrate 21. The upper part of the five metal pillars is located inside the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32, and the lower part of the five metal pillars is located inside the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35. The upper end face of the five metal pillars is flush with the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32; the lower end face of the five metal pillars is flush with the lower end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide 35; the radius of each of the five metal pillars is 0.3 mm, and each of the five metal pillars is cylindrical, and they are respectively called the first metal pillar 42, the second metal pillar 43, the third metal pillar 44, the fourth metal pillar 45, and the fifth metal pillar 46.The first metal pillar 42, the second metal pillar 43, and the third metal pillar 44 are arranged in a row from back to front, with the distance between the first metal pillar 42 and the second metal pillar 43 not equal to the distance between the second metal pillar 43 and the third metal pillar 44. The distance between the axis of the first metal pillar 42 and the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the first metal pillar 42. The distance between the axis of the first metal pillar 42 and the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the first metal pillar 42. The distance between the axis of the third metal pillar 44 and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the third metal pillar 44. The distance between the axis of the third metal pillar 44 and the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the third metal pillar 44. The first metal pillar 42 and the second metal pillar 43 are both located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40 and behind the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular copper sheet 41. The third metal pillar 44 is located on the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular copper sheet 41. On the front side of the mode separator, the fourth metal pillar 45 is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet 40. The distance between the axis of the fourth metal pillar 45 and the plane containing the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the fourth metal pillar 45. The distance between the axis of the fourth metal pillar 45 and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the fourth metal pillar 45. The fifth metal pillar 46 is located to the right front side of the fourth metal pillar 45 and to the left front side of the third metal pillar 44. The distance between the fifth metal pillar 46 and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide 32 is greater than the radius of the fifth metal pillar 46. Each mode separator has one input port and two output ports, which are referred to as the first output port and the second output port, respectively. The rear end face of the third rectangular air waveguide and the rear end face of the sixth rectangular air waveguide together constitute the input port of the mode separator. The upper end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 serves as the first output port of the mode separator, and the upper end face of the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide 34 serves as the second output port of the mode separator. Sixteen mode separators are evenly spaced in a 4x4 grid, with rows along the front-to-back direction and columns along the left-to-right direction. The center-to-center distance of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 of every two adjacent mode separators in the same row is 25 mm, and the center-to-center distance of the first rectangular hollow waveguide 30 of every two adjacent mode separators in the same column is also 25 mm. The input ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the sixteen output ports of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure or the feed network based on the SISL structure. The first output ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the first input ports of the sixteen radiating elements 7, and the second output ports 2 of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the second input ports of the sixteen radiating elements 7.

[0028] In the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of this invention, the dual-mode feeding network is implemented through a hybrid feeding network based on a hollow waveguide structure and a SISL structure. In each radiating element of the radiating network, five rectangular metal blocks—the first rectangular metal block 16, the second rectangular metal block 17, the third rectangular metal block 18, the fourth rectangular metal block 19, and the fifth rectangular metal block 20—form a partition structure. Three square hollow waveguides—the first square hollow waveguide 12, the second square hollow waveguide 13, and the third square hollow waveguide 14—form a stepped horn structure. In the dual-mode feeding network, a traditional 1-to-16 power divider based on hollow waveguides is divided into an upper half structure and a lower half structure along its thickness direction. The upper half structure serves as… The first feed section 26 has its lower half serving as the second feed section 27. A dielectric substrate 21, its upper copper-clad layer 24, and its lower copper-clad layer 25 are inserted between the first feed section 26 and the second feed section 27. Multiple through-holes in the dielectric substrate 21, the first copper-clad layer 24, and the second copper-clad layer 25 form a 1-to-16 power divider outline region. Thus, the first feed section 26 and the second feed section 27 constitute a feed network based on a hollow waveguide structure. The first feed section 26, the 1-to-16 power divider outline region, and the second feed section 27 form a feed network based on an SISL structure. When a TE10 mode electromagnetic wave... When the electromagnetic wave enters through the input port of the hollow waveguide-based feed network, it transforms the incoming TE10 mode electromagnetic wave into sixteen TE10 mode electromagnetic waves, which are then output to sixteen mode splitters at their respective output ports. These sixteen TE10 mode electromagnetic waves continue transmission through the sixteen mode splitters. The first output port of each mode splitter then transmits the TE10 mode electromagnetic wave to the input ports of sixteen radiating units. Each radiating unit, through its internal partition structure and stepped horn structure, transforms one TE10 mode electromagnetic wave into a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, radiating it into free space. One TEM mode electromagnetic wave originates from the SIS-based feed network. When the L-structure feeding network receives input, the SISL-based feeding network converts the TEM mode electromagnetic wave into sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves, which are output one-to-one to sixteen mode splitters at its sixteen output ports. The sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves continue to be transmitted through the sixteen mode splitters. The second output port of the sixteen mode splitters transmits the sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves to the second input port of the sixteen radiating units. Each radiating unit, through its internal partition structure and stepped horn structure, converts one TEM mode electromagnetic wave into another circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and radiates it into free space. The dual-mode feeding network of this invention realizes two modes of feeding functions.

[0029] To verify the performance of the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of this invention, HFSS simulation was performed on the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of this invention. The simulation curve of the reflection coefficient of the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of this invention is shown in the figure below. Figure 12 As shown, the axial ratio simulation curve of the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array of the present invention is as follows. Figure 13 As shown in the figure. The gain simulation curve of the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of the present invention is shown in the figure. Figure 14 As shown.

[0030] analyze Figure 12 It can be seen that: within the entire operating frequency band (18-21GHz), the reflection coefficient S of the input port (port 1) of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure is... 11 Below -10.8 dB, the reflection coefficient S at the input port (port 2) of the SISL-based feeder network is... 22 Below -11.9dB, the isolation S between port 1 and port 2 12 Below -15 dBi. Analysis Figure 13 It can be seen that within the entire operating frequency band (18-21GHz), the axial ratio of the input port (port 1) of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure is below 22.5dB, and the axial ratio of the input port (port 2) of the feed network based on the SISL structure is below 2.7dB. Analysis Figure 14 It can be seen that within the entire operating frequency band (18-21 GHz), the gain of the input port (port 1) of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure is in the range of 24.8-26.9 dBi, and the gain of the input port (port 2) of the feed network based on the SISL structure is in the range of 25-26.9 dBi. In summary, the dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array of this invention has a low profile, a good axial ratio, and a simple structure, which can meet the application requirements of high gain and low cost in satellite communication links.

Claims

1. A dual-mode dual-circularly polarized antenna array, comprising a dual-mode feed network and a radiating network stacked in a bottom-to-top order, wherein the dual-mode feed network is used to transmit electromagnetic waves in TE10 and TEM mode input thereto to the radiating network; and the radiating network is used to radiate the electromagnetic waves transmitted thereto by the dual-mode feed network into free space; characterized in that... The dual-mode feeding network is a hybrid feeding network based on a hollow waveguide structure and a SISL structure; the radiation network is a hybrid radiation network based on a partition structure and a stepped horn structure. The radiation network comprises three metal plates and 16 radiation units disposed on the three metal plates. The three metal plates are referred to as the first metal plate, the second metal plate, and the third metal plate. The second metal plate is located below the first metal plate, and the third metal plate is located below the second metal plate. The first, second, and third metal plates are all square plates with the same dimensions. The first, second, and third metal plates are stacked vertically aligned. The length direction of each metal plate is taken as the left-right direction, the width direction as the front-back direction, and the thickness direction as the top-bottom direction. Each radiation unit comprises a first radiation component, a second radiation component, and a third radiation component. The first radiation component comprises four cylindrical hollow waveguides disposed on the first metal plate. The four cylindrical hollow waveguides are referred to as the first cylindrical hollow waveguide, the second cylindrical hollow waveguide, the third cylindrical hollow waveguide, and the fourth cylindrical hollow waveguide. The four cylindrical hollow waveguides have equal radii and penetrate the first metal plate vertically. The first, second, third, and fourth cylindrical hollow waveguides are evenly spaced in a 2x2 grid, with the rows aligned front-to-back and the columns aligned left-to-right. The first hollow waveguide is located in the first row and first column, the second in the second row and first column, the third in the first row and second column, and the fourth in the second row and second column. The first and second hollow waveguides are symmetrical front-to-back. The plane containing the first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides is called the first symmetry plane. The first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides are symmetrical, and the plane containing their left and right symmetry planes is called the second symmetry plane. The intersection of the first and second symmetry planes is the centerline of the first radiating component. The plane containing the symmetry plane of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide along its front-back direction is called the third symmetry plane. The plane containing the symmetry plane of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide along its left-right direction is called the fourth symmetry plane. The straight line containing the centerline of the first radiating component is called the center of the radiating unit. The second radiating component includes a three-stage stepped gradient horn formed on the second metal plate. The three-stage stepped gradient horn is composed of three square hollow waveguides. The three square hollow waveguides are referred to as the first square hollow waveguide, the second square hollow waveguide, and the third square hollow waveguide, respectively. These three waveguides are arranged in a top-to-bottom order. The upper faces of each waveguide are square. The upper face of the first square hollow waveguide is flush with the upper face of the second metal plate. The centerline of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is collinear with the centerline of the first radiating component. All four edges of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction are chamfered. The plane containing the front face of the first square hollow waveguide... The second square hollow waveguide is located on the front side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between the two is greater than the radius of the first hollow waveguide. The upper end face of the second square hollow waveguide is connected to the lower end face of the first square hollow waveguide and they are in a close fit. The center line of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is on the same straight line as the center line of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The side length of the second square hollow waveguide is smaller than the side length of the first square hollow waveguide. The height of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the first square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The plane containing the front end face of the second square hollow waveguide is located on the front side of the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between the two is less than the radius of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide.The upper end face of the third-shaped hollow waveguide is connected to and in contact with the lower end face of the second square hollow waveguide. The center line of the third-shaped hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is collinear with the center line of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The lower end face of the third-shaped hollow waveguide is flush with the lower end face of the second metal plate. The side length of the third-shaped hollow waveguide is smaller than that of the second square hollow waveguide. The height of the third-shaped hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is greater than that of the second square hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The plane containing the front end face of the third-shaped hollow waveguide is located behind the fourth symmetry plane, and the distance between them is less than half the length of the first cylindrical hollow waveguide. The third radiating component includes a first square slot and five metal steps formed on the third metal plate; the first square slot extends vertically through the third metal plate, the center line of the first square slot along the vertical direction is collinear with the center line of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide along the vertical direction, the front end face of the first square slot is collinear with the front end face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide, the rear end face of the first square slot is collinear with the rear end face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide, the left end face of the first square slot is collinear with the left end face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide, and the right end face of the first square slot is collinear with the right end face of the third-dimensional hollow waveguide; the five metal steps include five... Five rectangular metal blocks, designated as the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks respectively, are arranged sequentially from front to back within a first square groove. The front end face of the first rectangular metal block is fixedly connected to and in contact with the front end face of the first square groove. The front end face of the second rectangular metal block is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end face of the first rectangular metal block. The front end face of the third rectangular metal block is fixedly connected to and in contact with the rear end faces of the second rectangular metal block. In this configuration, the front end face of the fourth rectangular metal block and the rear end face of the third rectangular metal block are fixedly connected and in contact with each other; the front end face of the fifth rectangular metal block and the rear end face of the fourth rectangular metal block are fixedly connected and in contact with each other; the rear end face of the fifth rectangular metal block is fixedly connected and in contact with the rear end face of the first square groove; the left end faces of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks are located on the same plane; and the right end faces of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks are located on the same plane.The lower end faces of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular metal blocks are located on the same plane as the lower end face of the first square groove. The distance from the right end face of the first rectangular metal block to the right end face of the first square groove is equal to the distance from the left end face of the first rectangular metal block to the left end face of the first square groove. The length of the first rectangular metal block in the left-right direction is less than the length of the first square groove in the left-right direction. The upper end face of the first rectangular metal block is located on the same plane as the upper end face of the first square groove. The width of the second rectangular metal block in the front-back direction is smaller than the width of the first rectangular metal block in the front-back direction. The height of the second rectangular metal block in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the first rectangular metal block in the vertical direction. The width of the third rectangular metal block in the front-back direction is larger than the width of the second rectangular metal block in the front-back direction. The height of the third rectangular metal block in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the second rectangular metal block in the vertical direction. The fourth rectangular metal block in the front-back direction... The width of the fourth rectangular metal block along the front-back direction is greater than the width of the third rectangular metal block along the front-back direction, and the height of the fifth rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the third rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The width of the fifth rectangular metal block along the front-back direction is smaller than the width of the fourth rectangular metal block along the front-back direction, and the height of the fifth rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the fourth rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The front end, rear end, and left end of the lower end face of the first square slot and the left end of the lower end face of the five-level metal step form the first input port of the radiation unit. The front end, rear end, and right end of the lower end face of the first square slot and the right end of the lower end face of the five-level metal step form the second input port of the radiation unit. The upper ends of the four cylindrical hollow waveguides together constitute the output port of the radiation unit. The 16 radiation units are evenly spaced in a 4x4 grid, with the row direction along the front-back direction and the column direction along the left-right direction. , 2. The dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that... The center-to-center distance between the first and second cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm, the center-to-center distance between the first and third cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm, the center-to-center distance between the fourth and second cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm, the center-to-center distance between the third and fourth cylindrical hollow waveguides is 12.5 mm, the distance between the center lines of every two adjacent radiating units in the same row is 25 mm, and the distance between the center lines of every two adjacent radiating units in the same column is 25 mm.

3. A dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that... The dual-mode feed network includes two metal plates, one dielectric plate, a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide, and sixteen mode splitters. The two metal plates are referred to as the fourth and fifth metal plates. The fourth, dielectric, and fifth metal plates are stacked in a top-to-bottom order. The lengths of the fourth, dielectric, and fifth metal plates are equal in both the left-right and front-back directions. The fourth metal plate is located below the third metal plate, with its upper surface touching the lower surface of the third metal plate, and its left surface touching the lower surface of the third metal plate. The left end face of the third metal plate is flush with the right end face of the third metal plate, the front end face of the fourth metal plate is flush with the front end face of the third metal plate, and the rear end face of the fourth metal plate is flush with the rear end face of the third metal plate. A first copper-clad layer is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The front end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the front end face of the dielectric substrate, the rear end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the rear end face of the dielectric substrate, the left end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the left end face of the dielectric substrate, and the right end face of the first copper-clad layer is flush with the right end face of the dielectric substrate. The lower surface of the dielectric substrate is coated with a second copper-clad layer. The front end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the front end face of the dielectric substrate, the rear end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the rear end face of the dielectric substrate, the left end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the left end face of the dielectric substrate, and the right end face of the second copper-clad layer is flush with the right end face of the dielectric substrate. The hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider has one input port and sixteen output ports. The thickness direction of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is along the vertical direction, and the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is divided into an upper half structure and a lower half structure along its thickness direction. In the partial structure, the upper half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is disposed on the fourth metal plate, and this upper half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is referred to as the first feed section. The lower half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is disposed on the fifth metal plate, and this lower half of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider is referred to as the second feed section. The first feed section and the second feed section are completely aligned vertically. If the second feed section is moved downward, it will be spliced ​​with the first feed section to form a complete hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider structure.The first copper-clad layer has a first slot with the same outline as a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide. The second copper-clad layer has a second slot with the same outline as a 1-to-16 power divider based on a hollow waveguide. If the first slot moves downward, it will completely coincide with the second slot. When the first feed portion moves downward into the first slot, it will fall completely inside the first slot. If the second feed portion moves upward into the second slot, it will fall completely inside the second slot. Multiple first metallized vias are arranged from top to bottom... A plurality of first metallized vias, penetrating the first copper layer, the dielectric substrate, and the second copper layer, form a 1-to-16 power divider outline region. If the first power supply section moves downward, it will completely enter the outline region of the 1-to-16 power divider. This 1-to-16 power divider outline region, formed by the plurality of first metallized vias, is referred to as the first region. The input port of the 1-to-16 power divider is designated as the input port of the first region, and the sixteen output ports of the 1-to-16 power divider are designated as the sixteen output ports of the first region. A region has one input port and sixteen output ports; the first feed section and the second feed section constitute a feed network based on a hollow waveguide structure. The first feed section has the upper half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider, using the upper half of the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider as one input port and sixteen output ports of the first feed section; the second feed section has the input port and sixteen output ports of the hollow waveguide-based 1-to-16 power divider. The lower half of the port serves as one input port and sixteen output ports of the 1-to-16 power divider based on the hollow waveguide, which together constitute the input port of the second feed section. The input port of the first feed section and the input port of the second feed section together constitute the input port of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure. The sixteen output ports of the first feed section and the sixteen output ports of the second feed section correspond one-to-one and together constitute the sixteen output ports of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure. The hollow waveguide-based feed network has one input port and sixteen output ports. It is used to convert a single TE10 mode electromagnetic wave input to its input port into sixteen corresponding TE10 mode electromagnetic waves, which are then output one-to-one at each of the sixteen output ports. The first feed section, the dielectric substrate, the first copper cladding layer, the second copper cladding layer, and the second feed section constitute a SISL-based feed network. The input ports of the first feed section, the second feed section, and the first region together constitute the input of the SISL-based feed network. The sixteen output ports of the first feed section, the sixteen output ports of the second feed section, and the sixteen output ports of the first region are connected one by one from top to bottom to form sixteen output ports of a feed network based on a SISL structure. The feed network based on a SISL structure has one input port and sixteen output ports. The feed network based on a SISL structure is used to convert one TEM mode electromagnetic wave input to its input port into sixteen TEM mode electromagnetic waves, which are output one by one at its sixteen output terminals. The sixteen mode separators have the same structure and size. Each mode separator includes a hollow waveguide section and a protective layer. The structure includes a leakage structure, a copper-clad block, and five metal pillars. The hollow waveguide portion comprises seven rectangular hollow waveguides, referred to as the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rectangular hollow waveguides, respectively. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth rectangular hollow waveguides are all formed on the fourth metal plate, with the upper surface of the first rectangular hollow waveguide flush with the upper surface of the fourth metal plate. The front end of the first rectangular hollow waveguide... The front faces of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rectangular hollow waveguides are flush; the rear faces of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rectangular hollow waveguides are flush.The upper surface of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the upper surface of the fourth metal plate. The second rectangular hollow waveguide is located below the first rectangular hollow waveguide. The lower surface of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is connected to and in contact with the upper surface of the second rectangular hollow waveguide. The lower surface of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located above the lower surface of the fourth metal plate. The left surface of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the left of the plane containing the left surface of the first rectangular hollow waveguide. The right surface of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the left of the plane containing the right surface of the first rectangular hollow waveguide. The thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide along the vertical direction is greater than that of the first rectangular hollow waveguide along the vertical direction. The thickness in the vertical direction is small; the third rectangular hollow waveguide is located below the second rectangular metal waveguide, and the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is connected to the lower end face of the second rectangular metal waveguide, and the two are in a close fit; the lower end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the lower end face of the fourth metal plate; the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide; the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide; the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the second rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the fourth rectangular hollow waveguide and the first rectangular... The fifth and second rectangular hollow waveguides are symmetrical about the plane containing the front-to-back symmetry plane of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The sixth and seventh rectangular hollow waveguides are both formed on the fifth metal plate. The upper surface of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the upper surface of the fifth metal plate. The left surface of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the left surface of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The right surface of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the right surface of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is symmetrical about the plane containing the front-to-back symmetry plane of the third rectangular hollow waveguide. The length of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is the same as the length of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the left-right direction; the thickness of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide in the up-down direction is the same as the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the up-down direction; the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is located below the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide, and the upper end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is connected to and in contact with the lower end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide; the lower end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is located above the lower end face of the fifth metal plate; the left end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is located to the right of the plane containing the left end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide; the right end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide is flush with the right end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide.The leak-proof structure includes multiple second metallized vias penetrating from top to bottom through the first copper-clad layer, the dielectric substrate, and the second copper-clad layer. These vias form a rectangular area. If the third rectangular air waveguide moves downwards, it will enter the rectangular area. The copper-clad block includes three rectangular copper sheets, referred to as the first rectangular copper sheet, the second rectangular copper sheet, and the third rectangular copper sheet. An opening is formed in the first copper-clad layer, and the first, second, and third rectangular copper sheets are located at this opening. The upper surfaces of the first, second, and third rectangular copper sheets are flush. The lower end faces of the first rectangular copper sheet and the third rectangular copper sheet are both connected to and in contact with the upper end face of the dielectric substrate; the rear end face of the first rectangular copper sheet is flush with the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide, the front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet is located behind the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide and in front of the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide, the distance from the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet to the plane containing the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is equal to the distance from the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet to the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide; the second rectangular copper sheet is located in front of the first rectangular copper sheet, and the rear end face of the second rectangular copper sheet is flush with the rear end face of the first rectangular copper sheet. The front ends of the rectangular copper sheets are connected and in a fitted state. The left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet is located to the left of the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet, and the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet is located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet. The distance from the plane containing the left end face of the second rectangular copper sheet to the left end face of the first rectangular copper sheet is equal to the distance from the plane containing the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet to the right end face of the first rectangular copper sheet. The length of the second rectangular copper sheet in the left-right direction is greater than the length of the first rectangular copper sheet in the left-right direction, and the width of the second rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction is greater than the width of the first rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction. The third rectangular copper sheet is located at... The third rectangular copper sheet is located to the right of the second rectangular copper sheet. The front end face of the third rectangular copper sheet is flush with the front end face of the second rectangular copper sheet. The left end face of the third rectangular copper sheet is connected to and in contact with the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet. The width of the third rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction is smaller than that of the second rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction. Five metal pillars penetrate the first copper clad layer, the dielectric substrate, and the second copper clad layer. The upper part of the five metal pillars is located inside the third rectangular hollow waveguide, and the lower part of the five metal pillars is located inside the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide. The upper end face of the five metal pillars is flush with the upper end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide, and the lower end face of the five metal pillars is flush with the lower end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide.Five cylindrical metal pillars are designated as the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metal pillars. The first, second, and third metal pillars are arranged in a row from back to front, with unequal distances between them. The distance between the axis of the first metal pillar and the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the first metal pillar. Similarly, the distance between the axis of the first metal pillar and the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the first metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the third metal pillar and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the third metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the third metal pillar and the plane containing the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the third metal pillar. The first and second metal pillars are located to the right of the plane containing the right end face of the second rectangular copper sheet and behind the plane containing the rear end face of the third rectangular copper sheet. The third metal pillar is located... The fourth metal pillar is located on the left side of the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular copper sheet, and the distance between the axis of the fourth metal pillar and the plane containing the left end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the fourth metal pillar. The distance between the axis of the fourth metal pillar and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the fourth metal pillar. The fifth metal pillar is located on the right front side of the fourth metal pillar and the left front side of the third metal pillar. The distance between the fifth metal pillar and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is greater than the radius of the fifth metal pillar. Each mode splitter has one input port and two output ports, which are referred to as the first output port and the second output port, respectively. The rear end face of the third rectangular air waveguide and the rear end face of the sixth rectangular air waveguide together constitute the input port of the mode splitter. The upper end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide serves as the first output port of the mode splitter, and the upper end face of the fifth rectangular hollow waveguide serves as the second output port of the mode splitter. The sixteen mode separators are evenly spaced in a 4-row, 4-column configuration, with the row direction along the front-to-back direction and the column direction along the left-to-right direction. The center-to-center distance of the first rectangular hollow waveguide of each two adjacent mode separators in the same row is 25 mm, and the center-to-center distance of the first rectangular hollow waveguide of each two adjacent mode separators in the same column is 25 mm.The input ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the sixteen output ports of the feed network based on the hollow waveguide structure or the feed network based on the SISL structure. The first output ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the first input ports of the sixteen radiating elements, and the second output ports of the sixteen mode separators are connected one-to-one with the second input ports of the sixteen radiating elements.

4. A dual-mode dual-circular polarization antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that... The four cylindrical hollow waveguides all have a radius of 5.1 mm. The side length of the second square hollow waveguide is 7 mm smaller than that of the first square hollow waveguide. The vertical height of the second square hollow waveguide is 2.8 mm smaller than that of the first square hollow waveguide. The side length of the third square hollow waveguide is 7.3 mm smaller than that of the second square hollow waveguide. The vertical height of the third square hollow waveguide is 0.2 mm larger than that of the second square hollow waveguide. All four edges of the first square hollow waveguide are chamfered with a radius of 3 mm. The width of the second rectangular metal block in the front-to-back direction is greater than that of the first square hollow waveguide. The width of the first rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction is 0.56 mm smaller than that of the second rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is 5.85 mm smaller than that of the first rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The width of the third rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction is 1.32 mm larger than that of the second rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction, and the height of the third rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is 5.25 mm smaller than that of the second rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The width of the fourth rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction is 3.04 mm larger than that of the third rectangular metal block along the front-to-back direction, and the height of the fourth rectangular metal block along the vertical direction is 3 mm smaller than that of the third rectangular metal block along the vertical direction. The fifth rectangular metal block has a width 4.35 mm smaller than the fourth rectangular metal block in the front-to-back direction, and a height 1.95 mm smaller than the fourth rectangular metal block in the vertical direction. The lower end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide is 1.3 mm away from the lower end face of the fourth metal plate. The distance between the left end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the left end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is 0.2 mm. The distance between the right end face of the second rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is 1.6 mm. The thickness of the second rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is... The thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is 1.05 mm less than that of the first rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the distance between the right end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the right end face of the first rectangular hollow waveguide is 11 mm; the thickness of the third rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction is 0.15 mm less than that of the second rectangular hollow waveguide in the vertical direction; the distance between the lower end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide and the lower end face of the fifth metal plate is 2.9 mm; the distance between the left end face of the seventh rectangular hollow waveguide and the plane containing the left end face of the sixth rectangular hollow waveguide is 11.5 mm; and the distance between the front end face of the first rectangular copper sheet and the plane containing the front end face of the third rectangular hollow waveguide is 7 mm.The second rectangular copper sheet is 0.59 mm longer in the left-right direction than the first rectangular copper sheet, and its width in the front-back direction is 0.3 mm greater than that of the first rectangular copper sheet. The width of the third rectangular copper sheet in the front-back direction is 1.43 mm smaller than that of the second rectangular copper sheet. The left front edge of the second rectangular copper sheet is rounded with a radius of 2.6 mm. The radius of each of the five metal pillars is 0.3 mm.

Images