Precombustion chamber and precombustion chamber system

Abstract

The present invention provides a precombustion chamber and a precombustion chamber system, wherein the precombustion chamber includes a shell assembly and an ignition assembly, wherein a cavity is formed in the shell assembly, and the ignition assembly is movably arranged in the cavity. A control component and a reset component located in the cavity are further provided at one end of the shell assembly, and the control component and the reset component are capable of controlling the ignition assembly to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the shell assembly. When the ignition assembly is in the first position, the cavity is divided into a first space and a second space that are independent and not connected to each other, wherein the first space is connected to the air intake hole, and the second space is connected to the through hole. When the ignition assembly is in the second position, the first space and the second space are connected to form a precombustion space, the air intake hole is closed, and the gas is mixed with the ignition assembly for ignition. The precombustion chamber of this structure is compact, does not require an additional spark plug, and is equivalent in size to a spark plug of an internal combustion engine, and is easily arranged on the cylinder head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engines, and in particular to a precombustion chamber and a precombustion chamber system. Background Art

[0002] The engine is a crucial automotive component. Improving thermal efficiency is the development trend for gasoline engines, including hybrid-specific engines. Lean burn is the mainstream technology for future ultra-high thermal efficiency engines. Lean burn refers to combustion with an air-fuel ratio greater than the stoichiometric ratio (14.7:1). This is a key means of improving fuel economy. Lean burn engine technology aims to achieve more complete combustion of the mixture, thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

[0003] Traditional ignition coil and spark plug ignition systems struggle to meet requirements under ultra-lean burn conditions (λ>1.8, where λ refers to the excess air coefficient, the ratio of the actual amount of air supplied to fuel combustion to the theoretical amount of air). This is because the gas concentration is low under ultra-lean burn conditions and conventional methods cannot ignite it. Active pre-combustion chamber ignition systems are the current mainstream solution. Existing pre-combustion chamber ignition system solutions all add an additional injector and a traditional spark plug to form a small combustion chamber, which is connected to the main combustion chamber through a small hole. The combustion process begins in the pre-combustion chamber, and the high-temperature jet ejected from the pre-combustion chamber then propagates through the main combustion chamber. This approach is costly and has significant limitations in terms of spatial layout. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the pre-combustion chamber ignition system of a lean-burn engine is relatively high in cost and is subject to significant limitations in terms of space arrangement.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical issues, embodiments of the present invention disclose a pre-combustion chamber comprising a housing assembly and an ignition assembly. The housing assembly defines a cavity, an air inlet is disposed at one end of the housing assembly, and a through hole is disposed at the other end, the air inlet and the through hole respectively communicating with the cavity. The ignition assembly is movably disposed within the cavity. A sealing portion is further disposed at the other end of the housing assembly, and a sealing surface is provided on the ignition assembly. A control component and a reset component are further disposed at one end of the housing assembly, located within the cavity. The control component and the reset component are capable of controlling the ignition assembly to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the housing assembly.

[0006] When the ignition assembly is located at the first position, the sealing portion seals against the sealing surface and divides the cavity into a first space and a second space that are independent and not connected to each other. The first space is connected to the air inlet hole, and the second space is connected to the through hole.

[0007] When the ignition assembly is in the second position, the sealing portion is separated from the sealing surface, the reset component is compressed, the air inlet is closed by the ignition assembly and the air inlet is not connected to the cavity, the cavity is connected to the through hole and a pre-combustion space is formed.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the pre-combustion chamber of this structure is simple, compact and small in size. The outer diameter of the pre-combustion chamber is equivalent to that of a common spark plug, which is easy to install and arrange. In addition, the pre-combustion space of the pre-combustion chamber of this structure is formed between the ignition assembly and the outer shell. The pre-combustion chamber is small in size and the diameter and length of the pre-combustion chamber can be adjusted according to the size of different internal combustion engines. The modification to the internal combustion engine is relatively small. It is suitable for direct injection engines with central injectors and direct injection engines with offset injectors.

[0009] Furthermore, when the ignition assembly is in the first position, the pre-combustion chamber is in an intake state, and the sealing portion seals against the sealing surface, forming two independent and unconnected first and second spaces. The first space is filled with fuel gas entering through the intake hole, and the second space is filled with fresh air entering through the through hole. When the ignition assembly is in the first position, the pre-combustion chamber is in an ignition state, the sealing portion separates from the sealing surface, and the first and second spaces communicate to form a pre-combustion space. The fuel gas and fresh air mix, and ignition of the ignition assembly ignites the mixed gas in the pre-combustion space.

[0010] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the shell assembly includes an upper end cover and an outer shell, the air inlet is arranged at the center position of the upper end cover, and the control component and the reset component are arranged on the upper end cover; and the control component is arranged as an electromagnetic coil, and the reset component is arranged as a spring.

[0011] When the ignition assembly is located at the first position, the spring is compressed to provide a preload force to the ignition assembly so that the ignition assembly remains in the first position.

[0012] When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the ignition assembly moves relative to the housing assembly toward the air inlet hole and continues to compress the spring until it moves to the second position; when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, the elastic restoring force of the spring causes the ignition assembly to move relative to the housing assembly toward the direction away from the air inlet hole to the first position.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the air inlet is set at the center of the upper end cover to facilitate the entry of gas into the cavity. The control component is set as an electromagnetic coil and the reset component is set as a spring to facilitate the ignition of the ignition component. Specifically:

[0014] When the ignition assembly is in the first position, the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the spring is compressed. The elastic force of the spring pushes the ignition assembly against the sealing portion, providing a pre-tightening force to the ignition assembly, thereby causing the sealing portion to contact the sealing surface and dividing the cavity into a first space and a second space that are independent and non-interconnected. When the ignition assembly is in the first position, gas and air can be filled into the pre-combustion chamber. When the ignition assembly is in the second position, the electromagnetic coil is energized, the ignition assembly is attracted by the electromagnetic coil, and the upper end of the ignition assembly contacts the electromagnetic coil. The spring continues to be compressed, and when the ignition assembly is in the second position, the gas in the pre-combustion chamber mixes and ignites.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which the electromagnetic coil and spring are both arranged in an annular structure, and the axes of the electromagnetic coil and spring coincide with the axis of the air inlet hole, one end of the spring is connected to the upper end cover, and the other end is connected to the ignition assembly.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the electromagnetic coil and spring of this structure enable the electromagnetic coil to absorb the ignition component when the electromagnetic coil is energized, and the spring to bounce the ignition component away when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized.

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the ignition assembly includes an impact block, a piezoelectric ceramic, an insulator, a ceramic body, a discharge wire and a metal valve seat; wherein the impact block is connected to one end of the piezoelectric ceramic close to the air inlet, the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic is covered with an insulator, the discharge wire is arranged at the end of the piezoelectric ceramic away from the impact block, the outside of the discharge wire is covered with a ceramic body, one end of the discharge wire is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic, and the other end protrudes from the ceramic body and is located in the cavity, the metal valve seat is covered by the insulator and the outside of the ceramic body, and the end of the metal valve seat close to the air inlet is connected to the reset component.

[0018] Using the above technical solution, the metal valve seat is arranged at the outermost end of the ignition component, and the upper end of the metal valve seat corresponds to the electromagnetic coil. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, it can adsorb the metal valve seat to a position close to the metal valve seat and adsorb them together. The impact block is arranged at one end of the ignition component close to the upper end cover. When the metal valve seat contacts the electromagnetic coil under the adsorption of the electromagnetic coil, the movement speed is faster, and the impact block will contact the upper end cover and impact. The other end of the impact block is in direct contact with the piezoelectric ceramic, transmitting the impact force to the piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic will generate an electric charge when impacted.

[0019] Furthermore, the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic is covered with an insulator, which can prevent the charge generated by the piezoelectric ceramic from flowing to the metal valve seat, and a discharge wire is connected to the positive end of the piezoelectric ceramic, the discharge wire extends into the pre-combustion space, and the outside of the discharge wire is covered with a ceramic body, ensuring that the charge generated by the piezoelectric ceramic can only pass into the pre-combustion space through the discharge wire, so that when the ignition component moves upward under the adsorption action of the electromagnetic coil, the piezoelectric ceramic is discharged under the impact action of the impact block, and the charge is released into the pre-combustion space through the discharge wire, thereby igniting the gas in the pre-combustion space.

[0020] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which a blind hole is provided on one side of the impact block close to the air inlet. When the ignition assembly is in the second position, the metal valve seat of the ignition assembly abuts and seals the inner wall surface of the upper end cover of the shell assembly, the impact block abuts against the upper end cover of the shell assembly, and the blind hole closes the air inlet.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a blind hole is provided on the side of the impact block close to the air inlet, so that the cross-section of the impact block is a "U"-shaped structure. The impact block can generate an impact when the ignition assembly moves from the first position to the second position, and at the same time, the air inlet is closed through the blind hole when the ignition assembly is in the second position.

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which an inclined, annular abutment surface is also provided inside the upper end cover near the ignition assembly. When the ignition assembly is in the second position, the metal valve seat is close to one end of the upper end cover and is sealed against the abutment surface.

[0023] Using the above technical solution, the sealing surface is set as an inclined, annular slope. When the ignition assembly is in the first position, the inclined abutment surface contacts and seals the upper end of the metal valve cover to improve the sealing of the pre-combustion chamber during ignition and prevent the gas from leaking from the position of the air inlet hole. Secondary sealing is performed through the blind hole of the impact block and the upper end of the metal valve cover to further improve the sealing and safety of the pre-combustion chamber during ignition.

[0024] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the end of the piezoelectric ceramic close to the impact block is a negative electrode, and the end close to the discharge wire is set as a positive electrode. One end of the discharge wire is connected to the positive electrode, and the other end extends into the pre-combustion space.

[0025] With this technical solution, when the electromagnetic coil is energized, the ignition assembly moves from the first position to the second position, and the impact block and upper end cap impact each other. This impact is transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic, which generates an electric charge. The discharge wire transfers the positive charge to the pre-combustion space, igniting the mixed gas. This piezoelectric ignition method is simpler and faster, eliminating the need for a separate spark plug to ignite the gas in the pre-combustion chamber, thus reducing the pre-combustion chamber's volume and facilitating ignition by the ignition assembly.

[0026] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which an external thread is provided on the shell assembly, and the shell assembly is detachably arranged on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine through the external thread. The sealing surface is arranged as an annular inclined surface, and the sealing part of the shell assembly is a step surface. The step surface divides the shell assembly into a first part and a second part. The diameter of the first part is larger than the diameter of the second part, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the second part; when the ignition assembly is in the first position, the inclined surface and the step surface are sealed and abutted.

[0027] With the above technical solution, the external threads provided on the housing assembly facilitate installation of the housing assembly, i.e., the pre-combustion chamber, on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, making installation and removal quick and easy. The sealing surface on the ignition assembly is an annular inclined surface, and the sealing portion of the housing assembly is a stepped surface. The stepped surface divides the housing assembly into a first portion and a second portion. When the ignition assembly is in the first position, the inclined surface and the stepped surface are in sealing contact, and the cavity between the first portion of the housing assembly and the ignition assembly forms a first space, and the cavity between the second portion of the housing assembly and the ignition assembly forms a second space. At this time, the first space is connected to the air inlet for fuel gas, and the second space is connected to the through hole for fresh air.

[0028] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a precombustion chamber system, comprising the precombustion chamber disclosed in any one of the above items, and also comprising an oil supply component and an internal combustion engine; wherein the oil supply component is configured as a liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is connected to the air inlet through a pipeline.

[0029] The pre-combustion chamber is detachably arranged on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. The lower end of the outer shell of the shell assembly extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The through hole connects the pre-combustion space with the main combustion chamber.

[0030] Adopting the above technical solution, the pre-combustion chamber system disclosed in the present invention also includes a liquid storage tank and an internal combustion engine. The liquid storage tank is used to provide alkane fuel to the pre-combustion chamber. The liquid storage tank is connected to the air inlet through a pipeline. When the pre-combustion chamber is in the air intake state, the alkane fuel is filled in. The alkane fuel can quickly absorb heat, expand and vaporize, and is extremely easy to ignite.

[0031] Furthermore, the lower end of the outer shell of the shell assembly extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and the through hole connects the pre-combustion space with the main combustion chamber. When the ignition assembly ignites the mixed gas in the pre-combustion chamber, the flame can be sprayed into the main combustion chamber through the through hole, thereby igniting the lean gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0032] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses a pre-combustion chamber system. When the ignition assembly is in a first position, the pre-combustion chamber system is in an intake state, the gas in the liquid storage tank enters the first space, and the piston of the internal combustion engine presses fresh air into the second space.

[0033] When the ignition assembly switches from the first position to the second position, the pre-combustion chamber system is in the ignition state, the ignition assembly ignites the gas in the pre-combustion space, and the flame burning in the pre-combustion space is sprayed into the main combustion chamber through the through hole, igniting the lean gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0034] Using this technical solution, when the pre-combustion chamber system is in the intake state, the ignition assembly is in the first position, fuel from the reservoir enters the first space, and the engine piston in the main combustion chamber, during the compression stroke, presses fresh air from the cylinder into the second space through the through-hole. When the engine piston approaches the ignition moment before compression top dead center, the engine control unit energizes the electromagnetic coil, rapidly raising the ignition assembly. The gas in the first space and the air in the second space mix, and the upward movement of the ignition assembly impacts the upper end cover, instantly compressing the piezoelectric ceramic and generating an electric charge. This charge is rapidly discharged through the discharge wire, igniting the gas in the pre-combustion space. After the gas burns, the flame is ejected through multiple through-holes into the main combustion chamber, thereby igniting the lean gas.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] The present invention provides a precombustion chamber and a precombustion chamber system, wherein the precombustion chamber includes a shell assembly and an ignition assembly, wherein a cavity is formed in the shell assembly, and the ignition assembly is movably disposed in the cavity. The ignition assembly can switch between a first position and a second position relative to the shell assembly. When the ignition assembly is in the first position, the cavity is divided into a first space and a second space that are independent and not interconnected, wherein the first space is connected to the air intake hole, and the second space is connected to the through hole. When the ignition assembly is in the second position, the first space and the second space are connected to form a precombustion space, the air intake hole is closed, and the gas mixture ignition assembly is ignited. The precombustion chamber of this structure is compact, does not require an additional spark plug, and is equivalent in size to a spark plug of an internal combustion engine, can be easily arranged in the center of the cylinder head combustion chamber, and the length can also be freely designed according to actual needs, requiring little modification to the cylinder head and having a wide range of applications.

[0037] Furthermore, the pre-combustion chamber system of the present invention also includes a low-pressure liquid storage tank and an internal combustion engine. The low-pressure liquid storage tank stores alkane fuel. The pre-combustion chamber is mounted on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine and its lower end extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. When the pre-combustion chamber system is in the intake state, the ignition assembly is in the first position, the fuel in the liquid storage tank enters the first space, and the engine piston in the main combustion chamber presses the fresh air in the cylinder into the second space through the through hole during the compression stroke. When the engine piston approaches the ignition moment before the compression top dead center, the engine control unit controls the electromagnetic coil to energize, the ignition assembly rises rapidly, the gas in the first space and the air in the second space mix, and the ignition assembly moves upward and impacts the upper end cover, the piezoelectric ceramic is instantly compressed to generate an electric charge, which is rapidly discharged through the discharge wire, igniting the gas in the pre-combustion space. After the gas burns, the flame is ejected into the main combustion chamber through the multiple through holes, thereby igniting the lean gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an ignition assembly of a pre-combustion chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention when the ignition assembly is in a first position;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the ignition assembly of the pre-combustion chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention when it is in the second position.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 100. Shell assembly;

[0042] 110, cavity;

[0043] 111. First space; 112. Second space; 113. Pre-combustion space;

[0044] 120, upper end cover;

[0045] 121. Air inlet; 122. Control component; 123. Reset component; 124. Abutment surface;

[0046] 130. Outer shell;

[0047] 131. Through hole; 132. Sealing portion;

[0048] 200, ignition assembly;

[0049] 210, impact block;

[0050] 211, blind hole;

[0051] 220, piezoelectric ceramic; 230, insulator; 240, ceramic body; 250, discharge wire;

[0052] 260, metal valve seat;

[0053] 261. Sealing surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention by specific specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present invention will be introduced in conjunction with the preferred embodiment, this does not mean that the features of this invention are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of introducing the invention in conjunction with the embodiment is to cover other options or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In order to provide a deep understanding of the present invention, the following description will contain many specific details. The present invention can also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or blurring the focus of the present invention, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0055] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0056] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0057] The terms “first”, “second”, etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this embodiment based on specific circumstances.

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] The embodiment of this embodiment discloses a pre-combustion chamber, such as Figure 1As shown, the ignition assembly 200 includes a housing assembly 100 and an ignition assembly 200. A cavity 110 is formed in the housing assembly 100. An air inlet 121 is provided at one end of the housing assembly 100, and a through hole 131 is provided at the other end. The air inlet 121 and the through hole 131 are respectively communicated with the cavity 110. The ignition assembly 200 is movably disposed in the cavity 110. A sealing portion 132 is further provided at the other end of the housing assembly 100, and a sealing surface 261 is provided on the ignition assembly 200. A control component 122 and a reset component 123 are further provided at one end of the housing assembly 100 and are located in the cavity 110. The control component 122 and the reset component 123 can control the ignition assembly 200 to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the housing assembly 100.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, when the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the sealing portion 132 is sealed against the sealing surface 261 and divides the cavity 110 into independent and non-connected first space 111 and second space 112, the first space 111 is connected to the air inlet 121, and the second space 112 is connected to the through hole 131.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, when the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the sealing portion 132 is separated from the sealing surface 261, the reset component 123 is compressed, the air inlet 121 is closed by the ignition assembly 200 and the air inlet 121 is not connected to the cavity 110, and the cavity 110 is connected to the through hole 131 to form a pre-combustion space 113.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sealing portion 132 provided at the other end of the housing assembly 100 can be a sealing step surface, a sealing strip, or other sealing structure that seals with the sealing surface 261. Preferably, in this embodiment, a sealing step surface is provided at the other end of the housing assembly 100.

[0064] More specifically, in this embodiment, the control component 122 can be an electric control component 122, such as an electromagnetic coil, an electric push rod and other common components that can perform position state control; it can also be a mechanical control component 122, such as a spring, an elastic rod and other common components that can perform position state control. The reset component 123 can be set to a reset spring, a coil spring, a disc spring, etc., and those skilled in the art can select and replace them according to actual needs, so that the control component 122 and the reset component 123 can drive or control the ignition assembly 200 to switch between the first position and the second position relative to the housing assembly 100.

[0065] More specifically, in this embodiment, the through holes 131 can be provided with 4, 5, 8 or other numbers. The multiple through holes 131 can be evenly and spaced apart on the shell assembly 100, or can be unevenly arranged. The number and position of the through holes 131 can be designed to match the combustion system, and this embodiment does not make any specific restrictions on this.

[0066] With this structural design, the pre-combustion chamber has a simple, compact structure and a small size. The outer diameter of the pre-combustion chamber is equivalent to that of a common spark plug, which is easy to install and arrange. In addition, the pre-combustion space 113 of the pre-combustion chamber of this structure is formed between the ignition assembly 200 and the outer shell 130. The pre-combustion chamber has a small size and can adjust the diameter and length of the pre-combustion chamber according to the size of different internal combustion engines. The modification to the internal combustion engine is relatively small, and it is suitable for direct injection engines with central injectors and direct injection engines with offset injectors.

[0067] Furthermore, when the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the pre-combustion chamber is in an intake state, the sealing portion 132 is in sealing contact with the sealing surface 261, forming two independent and non-interconnected first and second spaces 111, 112. The first space 111 is filled with fuel gas entering through the intake hole 121, and the second space 112 is filled with fresh air entering through the through hole 131. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the pre-combustion chamber is in an ignition state, the sealing portion 132 is separated from the sealing surface 261, and the first and second spaces 111, 112 are connected to form the pre-combustion space 113. The fuel gas and fresh air mix, and ignition of the ignition assembly 200 can ignite the mixed gas in the pre-combustion space 113.

[0068] The implementation of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, the shell assembly 100 includes an upper end cover 120 and an outer shell 130, the air inlet 121 is arranged at the center position of the upper end cover 120, and the control component 122 and the reset component 123 are arranged on the upper end cover 120; and the control component 122 is arranged as an electromagnetic coil, and the reset component 123 is arranged as a spring.

[0069] When the ignition assembly 200 is located at the first position, the spring is compressed to provide a preload force to the ignition assembly 200 so that the ignition assembly 200 remains in the first position.

[0070] When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the ignition assembly 200 moves relative to the housing assembly 100 toward the air inlet hole 121 and continues to compress the spring until it moves to the second position; when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, the elastic restoring force of the spring causes the ignition assembly 200 to move relative to the housing assembly 100 toward the direction away from the air inlet hole 121 to the first position.

[0071] Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper end cover 120 and the outer shell 130 may be designed by integral molding, welding, clamping or other connection methods, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0072] More specifically, in this embodiment, the air inlet 121 is preferably located at the center of the upper end cover 120 to facilitate the entry of gas into the cavity 110. Those skilled in the art may adjust its position as needed. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the control component 122 is preferably an electromagnetic coil, and the reset component 123 is a spring, which facilitates the ignition of the ignition component 200. The electromagnetic coil and the spring can be set to 1, 2, 3 or other numbers according to needs, so that the ignition component 200 can quickly move from the first position to the second position. Figure 1 As shown, the air inlet 121 is arranged inside the electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic coil is arranged inside the spring.

[0073] More specifically, in this embodiment, when the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the electromagnetic coil is in an off-state and the spring is in a compressed state. The elastic force of the spring pushes the ignition assembly 200 against the sealing portion 132. The spring provides a pre-tightening force to the ignition assembly 200, so that the sealing portion 132 and the sealing surface 261 contact each other and divide the cavity 110 into independent and non-interconnected first and second spaces 111 and 112. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, gas and air can be filled into the pre-combustion chamber. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the electromagnetic coil is in an on-state. At this time, the ignition assembly 200 is attracted by the electromagnetic coil and the upper end of the ignition assembly 200 contacts the electromagnetic coil. The spring is further compressed. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the gas in the pre-combustion chamber is mixed and ignited.

[0074] The implementation method of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which the electromagnetic coil and the spring are both arranged in an annular structure, and the axis of the electromagnetic coil and the spring coincides with the axis of the air inlet 121, one end of the spring is connected to the upper end cover 120, and the other end is connected to the ignition assembly 200.

[0075] Specifically, in this embodiment, one end of the spring is connected to the upper end cover 120, and the other end is connected to the ignition assembly 200. This structural design allows the electromagnetic coil to attract the ignition assembly 200 when energized. At this time, the spring is further compressed and has elastic potential energy. The upper end cover 120 is fixed. After the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, the spring pushes the ignition assembly 200 away, moving it from the second position to the first position.

[0076] More specifically, in this embodiment, the connection between one end of the spring and the upper end cover 120, and the connection between the other end of the spring and the ignition assembly 200 can be welding, snap-on, one-piece molding or other connection methods. Those skilled in the art can design according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0077] The implementation method of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, and the ignition assembly 200 includes an impact block 210, a piezoelectric ceramic 220, an insulator 230, a ceramic body 240, a discharge wire 250 and a metal valve seat 260; wherein, the impact block 210 is connected to the end of the piezoelectric ceramic 220 close to the air inlet 121, the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic 220 is covered with the insulator 230, the discharge wire 250 is arranged at the end of the piezoelectric ceramic 220 away from the impact block 210, the outside of the discharge wire 250 is covered with the ceramic body 240, one end of the discharge wire 250 is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic 220, and the other end protrudes from the ceramic body 240 and is located in the cavity 110, the metal valve seat 260 is covered on the outside of the insulator 230 and the ceramic body 240, and the end of the metal valve seat 260 close to the air inlet 121 is connected to the reset component 123.

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic 220 may also be configured as a piezoelectric material commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as a piezoelectric single crystal, a piezoelectric film, or a piezoelectric polymer material, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0079] More specifically, in this embodiment, the metal valve seat 260 is arranged at the outermost end of the ignition component 200, and the electromagnetic coil and the upper end of the metal valve seat 260 are correspondingly arranged. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, it can adsorb the metal valve seat 260 and move it to a position close to the metal valve seat 260 and adsorb it together. The impact block 210 is arranged at one end of the ignition component 200 close to the upper end cover 120. When the metal valve seat 260 contacts the electromagnetic coil under the adsorption of the electromagnetic coil, the movement speed is relatively fast. The impact block 210 will contact and impact the upper end cover 120. The other end of the impact block 210 is in direct contact with the piezoelectric ceramic 220, transmitting the impact force to the piezoelectric ceramic 220, and the piezoelectric ceramic 220 will generate an electric charge when impacted.

[0080] Furthermore, the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic 220 is covered with an insulator 230, which can prevent the charge generated by the piezoelectric ceramic 220 from flowing to the metal valve seat 260, and a discharge wire 250 is connected to the positive end of the piezoelectric ceramic 220, and the discharge wire 250 extends into the pre-combustion space 113, and the outside of the discharge wire 250 is covered with a ceramic body 240, so that the charge generated by the piezoelectric ceramic 220 can only pass into the pre-combustion space 113 through the discharge wire 250, and then when the ignition component 200 moves upward under the adsorption action of the electromagnetic coil, the piezoelectric ceramic 220 is discharged under the impact action of the impact block 210, and the charge is released into the pre-combustion space 113 through the discharge wire 250, thereby igniting the gas in the pre-combustion space 113.

[0081] The implementation method of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which a blind hole 211 is provided on the side of the impact block 210 close to the air inlet hole 121. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the metal valve seat 260 of the ignition assembly 200 abuts and seals the inner wall surface of the upper end cover 120 of the shell assembly 100, the impact block 210 abuts against the upper end cover 120 of the shell assembly 100, and the blind hole 211 closes the air inlet hole 121.

[0082] Specifically, in this embodiment, a blind hole 211 is provided on the side of the impact block 210 close to the air inlet hole 121, so that the cross-section of the impact block 210 is a "U"-shaped structure. The impact block 210 can generate an impact when the ignition assembly 200 moves from the first position to the second position, and at the same time, when the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the air inlet hole 121 can be closed through the blind hole 211.

[0083] The implementation method of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, and an inclined, annular abutment surface 124 is also provided inside the upper end cover 120 near the ignition assembly 200. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the metal valve seat 260 is close to one end of the upper end cover 120 and is sealed against the abutment surface 124.

[0084] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sealing surface 261 is set to be an inclined, annular slope. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the inclined abutment surface 124 contacts and seals the upper end of the metal valve cover to improve the sealing of the pre-combustion chamber during ignition, prevent the gas from leaking from the position of the air inlet 121, and perform secondary sealing through the blind hole 211 of the impact block 210 and the upper end of the metal valve cover to further improve the sealing and safety of the pre-combustion chamber during ignition.

[0085] The implementation of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, in which the end of the piezoelectric ceramic 220 close to the impact block 210 is a negative electrode, and the end close to the discharge wire 250 is set as a positive electrode. One end of the discharge wire 250 is connected to the positive electrode, and the other end extends into the pre-combustion space 113.

[0086] With this technical solution, when the electromagnetic coil is energized, the ignition assembly 200 moves from the first position to the second position, and the impact block 210 and the upper end cover 120 collide, transmitting the impact to the piezoelectric ceramic 220. The piezoelectric ceramic 220 generates an electric charge due to the impact, and the discharge wire 250 transmits the positive charge to the pre-combustion space 113, igniting the mixed gas. This piezoelectric ignition method is simpler and faster, eliminating the need for a separate spark plug to ignite the gas in the pre-combustion chamber, thereby reducing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber and facilitating ignition by the ignition assembly 200.

[0087] The implementation method of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber, and the housing assembly 100 is also provided with an external thread. The housing assembly 100 is detachably arranged on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine through the external thread. The sealing surface 261 is set as an annular inclined surface, and the sealing portion 132 of the housing assembly 100 is a step surface. The step surface divides the housing assembly 100 into a first part and a second part. The diameter of the first part is larger than the diameter of the second part, and a plurality of through holes 131 are provided on the second part; when the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the inclined surface and the step surface are sealed and abutted.

[0088] Specifically, in this embodiment, those skilled in the art can provide external threads on the upper portion of the outer wall of housing assembly 100 according to actual needs. These external threads facilitate installation of housing assembly 100, i.e., the pre-combustion chamber, on the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, and facilitate quick and easy installation and removal. Furthermore, the length and position of the external threads can be adjusted based on the length of the pre-combustion chamber extending into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. These threads can be designed by those skilled in the art based on actual needs and specific circumstances, and this embodiment does not impose any specific limitations on this aspect.

[0089] More specifically, in this embodiment, the sealing surface 261 on the ignition assembly 200 provided on the shell assembly 100 is an annular inclined surface, and the sealing portion 132 of the shell assembly 100 is a step surface, which divides the shell assembly 100 into a first part and a second part. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the inclined surface and the step surface are sealed and abutted against each other, and the cavity 110 between the first part of the shell assembly 100 and the ignition assembly 200 forms a first space 111, and the cavity 110 between the second part of the shell assembly 100 and the ignition assembly 200 forms a second space 112, and at this time, the first space 111 is connected to the air inlet 121 to be filled with fuel gas, and the second space 112 is connected to the through hole 131 to be filled with fresh air.

[0090] The implementation of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber system, including the pre-combustion chamber disclosed in any one of the above items, and also including an oil supply component and an internal combustion engine (not shown in the figure); wherein the oil supply component is configured as a liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is connected to the air inlet 121 through a pipeline.

[0091] The pre-combustion chamber is detachably mounted on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. The lower end of the outer shell 130 of the shell assembly 100 extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The through hole 131 connects the pre-combustion space 113 with the main combustion chamber.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, the liquid storage tank is a low-pressure liquid storage tank. It stores flammable alkane fuels such as propane and butane. During operation, these fuels rapidly absorb heat, expand, and vaporize, making them highly ignitable. The low-pressure liquid storage tank can be placed anywhere with space, such as in the vehicle cabin, engine compartment, or chassis.

[0093] More specifically, in this embodiment, the liquid storage tank is connected to the air inlet 121 through a pipeline, and the alkane fuel is filled when the pre-combustion chamber is in the intake state. The alkane fuel is cheaper than gasoline and other fuels, can quickly absorb heat, expand and vaporize, and is very easy to ignite.

[0094] Furthermore, the lower end of the outer shell 130 of the shell assembly 100 extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and the through hole 131 connects the pre-combustion space 113 with the main combustion chamber. When the ignition assembly 200 ignites the mixed gas in the pre-combustion chamber, the flame can be sprayed into the main combustion chamber through the through hole 131, thereby igniting the lean gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0095] The implementation of this embodiment also discloses a pre-combustion chamber system. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the pre-combustion chamber system is in an intake state, the gas in the liquid storage tank enters the first space 111, and the piston of the internal combustion engine presses fresh air into the second space 112.

[0096] When the ignition assembly 200 switches from the first position to the second position, the pre-combustion chamber system is in the ignition state, the ignition assembly 200 ignites the gas in the pre-combustion space 113, and the flame burning in the pre-combustion space 113 is sprayed into the main combustion chamber through the through hole 131, igniting the lean gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0097] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the pre-combustion chamber system is in the intake state, the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the fuel in the liquid storage tank enters the first space 111, and the engine piston in the main combustion chamber presses the fresh air in the cylinder into the second space 112 through the through hole 131 during the compression stroke. When the engine piston approaches the ignition moment before compression top dead center, the engine control unit controls the electromagnetic coil to energize, and the ignition assembly 200 rises rapidly. The gas in the first space 111 and the air in the second space 112 mix, and the ignition assembly 200 moves upward and impacts the upper end cover 120, causing the piezoelectric ceramic 220 to be instantly compressed and generate an electric charge. The electric charge is rapidly discharged through the discharge wire 250, igniting the gas in the pre-combustion space 113. After the gas burns, the flame is ejected into the main combustion chamber through the multiple through holes 131, thereby igniting the lean gas.

[0098] In summary, this embodiment provides a precombustion chamber and a precombustion chamber system. The precombustion chamber includes a housing assembly 100 and an ignition assembly 200. A cavity 110 is formed in the housing assembly 100, and the ignition assembly 200 is movably disposed in the cavity 110. One end of the housing assembly 100 is also provided with a control component 122 and a reset component 123 located in the cavity 110. The control component 122 and the reset component 123 can control the ignition assembly 200 to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the housing assembly 100. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the cavity 110 is divided into a first space 111 and a second space 112 that are independent and non-connected. The first space 111 is connected to the air inlet 121, and the second space 112 is connected to the through hole 131. When the ignition assembly 200 is in the second position, the first space 111 and the second space 112 are connected to form a precombustion space 113, the air inlet 121 is closed, and the gas-mixed ignition assembly 200 is ignited. The pre-combustion chamber of this structure is compact, does not require an additional spark plug, and is equivalent in size to the spark plug of an internal combustion engine. It is easy to arrange in the center of the cylinder head combustion chamber, and the length can also be freely designed according to actual needs. It requires little modification to the cylinder head and has a wide range of applications.

[0099] Furthermore, the pre-combustion chamber system provided by the present invention also includes a low-pressure liquid reservoir and an internal combustion engine. The low-pressure liquid reservoir stores alkane fuel. The pre-combustion chamber is mounted on the internal combustion engine cylinder head and its lower end extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. When the pre-combustion chamber system is in the intake state, the ignition assembly 200 is in the first position, the fuel in the liquid reservoir enters the first space 111, and the engine piston in the main combustion chamber presses the fresh air in the cylinder into the second space 112 through the through hole 131 during the compression stroke. When the engine piston approaches the ignition moment before compression top dead center, the engine control unit controls the electromagnetic coil to energize, rapidly lifting the ignition assembly 200. The gas in the first space 111 and the air in the second space 112 mix. The ignition assembly 200 moves upward and impacts the upper end cover 120, instantly compressing the piezoelectric ceramic 220 and generating an electric charge. The electric charge is rapidly discharged through the discharge wire 250, igniting the gas in the pre-combustion space 113. After the gas burns, the flame is ejected into the main combustion chamber through the multiple through holes 131, thereby igniting the lean gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0100] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is provided as a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, and that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art may make various changes in form and details, including simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-combustion chamber, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell assembly and an ignition assembly, wherein a cavity is formed in the shell assembly, an air inlet is provided at one end of the shell assembly, and a through hole is provided at the other end, wherein the air inlet and the through hole are respectively connected to the cavity, and the ignition assembly is movably disposed in the cavity; The other end of the housing assembly is further provided with a sealing portion, the ignition assembly is provided with a sealing surface, and the one end of the housing assembly is further provided with a control component and a reset component located in the cavity, the control component and the reset component being capable of controlling the ignition assembly to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the housing assembly; wherein, When the ignition assembly is located at the first position, the sealing portion is in sealing contact with the sealing surface, and the cavity is divided into a first space and a second space that are independent and not connected to each other, the first space is connected to the air inlet hole, and the second space is connected to the through hole; When the ignition assembly is located at the second position, the sealing portion is separated from the sealing surface, the reset component is compressed, the air inlet is closed by the ignition assembly and the air inlet is not connected to the cavity, and the cavity is connected to the through hole to form a pre-combustion space; The ignition assembly includes an impact block, a piezoelectric ceramic, an insulator, a ceramic body, a discharge wire and a metal valve seat; wherein, The impact block is connected to one end of the piezoelectric ceramic close to the air inlet, and the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic is covered with the insulator. The discharge wire is arranged at one end of the piezoelectric ceramic away from the impact block, and the outside of the discharge wire is covered with the ceramic body. One end of the discharge wire is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic, and the other end protrudes from the ceramic body and is located in the cavity. The metal valve seat is covered by the insulator and the outside of the ceramic body, and the end of the metal valve seat close to the air inlet is connected to the reset component.

2. The precombustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that The housing assembly includes an upper end cover and an outer shell, the air inlet is arranged at the center of the upper end cover, the control component and the reset component are arranged on the upper end cover; and the control component is arranged as an electromagnetic coil, and the reset component is arranged as a spring; wherein, When the ignition assembly is located at the first position, the spring is compressed to provide a preload force to the ignition assembly so that the ignition assembly remains in the first position; When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the ignition assembly moves relative to the housing assembly toward the air inlet hole and continues to compress the spring until it moves to the second position; when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, the elastic restoring force of the spring causes the ignition assembly to move relative to the housing assembly toward the direction away from the air inlet hole to the first position.

3. The precombustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that The electromagnetic coil and the spring are both configured as an annular structure, and the axes of the electromagnetic coil and the spring coincide with the axis of the air inlet hole. One end of the spring is connected to the upper end cover, and the other end is connected to the ignition assembly.

4. The precombustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that A blind hole is provided on one side of the impact block close to the air inlet. When the ignition assembly is located in the second position, the metal valve seat of the ignition assembly abuts and seals against the inner wall surface of the upper end cover of the shell assembly, the impact block abuts against the upper end cover of the shell assembly, and the blind hole closes the air inlet.

5. The precombustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that An inclined, annular abutment surface is also provided inside the upper end cover near the ignition assembly. When the ignition assembly is located at the second position, one end of the metal valve seat near the upper end cover is in sealing contact with the abutment surface.

6. The precombustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that One end of the piezoelectric ceramic close to the impact block is a negative electrode, and one end close to the discharge wire is a positive electrode. One end of the discharge wire is connected to the positive electrode, and the other end extends into the pre-combustion space.

7. The precombustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The housing assembly is also provided with an external thread, and the housing assembly is detachably arranged on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine through the external thread. The sealing surface is set as an annular inclined surface, and the sealing part of the housing assembly is a step surface. The step surface divides the housing assembly into a first part and a second part. The diameter of the first part is larger than the diameter of the second part, and the second part is provided with multiple through holes; when the ignition assembly is located in the first position, the inclined surface and the step surface are sealed and abutted.

8. A pre-combustion chamber system, characterized in that: The pre-combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 7 further comprises an oil supply component and an internal combustion engine; wherein, The oil supply component is configured as a liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is connected to the air inlet through a pipeline; The pre-combustion chamber is detachably arranged on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, the lower end of the outer shell of the shell assembly extends into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and the through hole connects the pre-combustion space with the main combustion chamber.

9. The pre-combustion chamber system according to claim 8, characterized in that When the ignition assembly is located at the first position, the pre-combustion chamber system is in an intake state, the gas in the liquid storage tank enters the first space, and the piston of the internal combustion engine presses fresh air into the second space; When the ignition assembly switches from the first position to the second position, the pre-combustion chamber system is in an ignition state, the ignition assembly ignites the gas in the pre-combustion space, and the flame burning in the pre-combustion space is sprayed into the main combustion chamber through the through hole, igniting the lean gas in the main combustion chamber.

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