A high time resolution photomultiplier tube and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a high time resolution photomultiplier tube and implementation method, which mainly solves the technical problem that the existing photomultiplier tube has transit time dispersion in the process of electron multiplication, resulting in the electronic pulse with a small pulse width to have a pulse width widened several times after electron multiplication, so that the detection result is distorted compared with the original signal, or the trailing edge of the previous pulse overlaps with the leading edge of the next pulse during the multiplication process of two electron pulses with a short interval, and finally the same output at the anode makes it difficult to identify the time and intensity information of the two pulses, thereby affecting the time resolution of the photomultiplier tube. It includes N readout electrodes, and a cathode, an electron multiplier, N gating electrodes and N anodes arranged in a vacuum environment, where N is an integer greater than 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a photomultiplier tube and an implementation method thereof, and in particular to a high time resolution photomultiplier tube and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Laser radar is an emerging detection device. It is widely used in national security protection, scientific research, environmental monitoring and other fields because of its high resolution, strong anti-interference ability, small size and light weight. The main working principle of laser radar is to emit detection light signals to the detection target, and then collect and detect the light signals reflected from the target using photoelectric imaging devices or photoelectric detection devices. After appropriate processing, the distance, shape, direction, speed and other relevant information of the detected target can be obtained; as the core component of laser radar, the performance of the photoelectric detector directly affects the parameters of the laser radar system, for example: the photoelectric detection efficiency of the photoelectric detection device directly affects the effective detection distance of the laser radar, and the time resolution of the photoelectric detection device directly affects the detection accuracy of the laser radar; therefore, the photoelectric detector used in the laser radar system needs to have high photon detection efficiency and high time resolution characteristics, so as to have high gain and high time resolution.

[0003] The photoelectric detectors in existing lidar systems usually use photomultiplier tubes. Among them, vacuum photomultiplier tubes are very suitable for long-distance, weak light signal, and large field of view lidar systems because of their large detection area, high electronic gain, low dark noise, and high time resolution.

[0004] Although vacuum photomultiplier tubes are widely used in laser radar systems, they have the disadvantage of low ultimate time resolution due to the limitation of their own working mode. The electron multiplication devices of vacuum photomultiplier tubes mainly include dynodes and microchannel plate electron multiplication devices. Both electron multiplication devices achieve electron multiplication by continuously colliding electrons with the effective electron multiplication area of ​​the device. However, there are differences in the initial energy and initial movement direction of the cathode emitted electrons and the collision reflected electrons in vacuum photomultiplier tubes. In addition, due to the influence of the space charge effect in the electron multiplication area, the arrival time of the electron beam in the photomultiplier tube to the anode is also different, resulting in the transit time dispersion of the photomultiplier tube.

[0005] In summary, the existing photomultiplier tubes have transit time dispersion in the electron multiplication process, which causes the electron pulse with a smaller pulse width to be widened several times after electron multiplication, causing the detection result to be distorted compared to the original signal, or the two electron pulses with a short interval overlap in the multiplication process, and finally the same output at the anode makes it difficult to identify the time and intensity information of the two pulses, thereby affecting the time resolution of the photomultiplier tube. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the existing photomultiplier tube has a transit time dispersion in the electron multiplication process, which causes the electron pulse with a smaller pulse width to have a pulse width widened several times after electron multiplication, so that the detection result is distorted compared with the original signal, or the trailing edge of two electron pulses with a short interval overlaps with the leading edge of the next pulse in the multiplication process, and finally the same output at the anode makes it difficult to identify the time and intensity information of the two pulses, thereby affecting the time resolution of the photomultiplier tube, and provides a high time resolution photomultiplier tube and an implementation method.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A high time resolution photomultiplier tube, which is special in that it comprises N readout electrodes, a cathode, an electron multiplier, N gating electrodes and N anodes arranged in a vacuum environment, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;

[0009] The cathode and the electron multiplier are arranged parallel to each other, and a first gap is provided between the two, and the range of the first gap is 0.5 mm to 5 mm;

[0010] N of the gating electrodes are arranged in the first gap, and are used to apply gating pulses with different time parameters to control whether the electrons emitted by the cathode can enter the electron multiplier. The total area of ​​the N gating electrodes is equal to the effective area of ​​the cathode. A second gap is arranged between one side of the gating electrode and the cathode, and the range of the second gap is 0.2mm-1mm. A third gap is arranged between the other side and the electron multiplier, and the range of the third gap is 0.3mm-4mm.

[0011] The N anodes are all arranged on the side of the electron multiplier away from the cathode, and are used to collect electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier. The N anodes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N gate electrodes. A fourth gap is arranged between the anode and the electron multiplier, and the range of the fourth gap is 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0012] One end of the N readout electrodes is respectively connected to the side of the N anodes away from the electron multiplier, and the other end is used to connect to an external device to output the electrons collected by the anodes.

[0013] Furthermore, the electron multiplier is an electron multiplier made of secondary electron multiplication material.

[0014] Furthermore, the electron multiplier is a microchannel plate electron multiplier or a dynode electron multiplier.

[0015] Furthermore, the cathode is an ultraviolet cathode, an infrared cathode or a visible light cathode;

[0016] The cathode is a thin plate structure, and the N gate electrodes are arranged along the length direction of the cathode.

[0017] Further, the anode is in the shape of a thin sheet or a cone;

[0018] The interior of the gate electrode is a regular hexagonal mesh structure, and the shape of the gate electrode is the same as that of the anode.

[0019] Furthermore, the readout electrode is a cable with fixed impedance.

[0020] Furthermore, the readout electrode is a metal wire or a coaxial cable.

[0021] At the same time, the present invention also provides a method for realizing a high time resolution photomultiplier tube, which is based on a high time resolution photomultiplier tube and is special in that it includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1, applying fixed potentials of different magnitudes to the cathode, the gate electrode, the electron multiplier and the anode respectively;

[0023] A fixed voltage difference V is formed between the gate electrode and the cathode. clo , so that the cathode-emitted electrons cannot pass through the gating electrode; a fixed electron acceleration voltage difference V is formed between the gating electrode and the electron multiplier ac , so that the electrons passing through the gate electrode can enter the electron multiplier; a fixed electron acceleration voltage difference V is formed between the electron multiplier and the anode a , so that the electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier can enter the anode;

[0024] Step 2: When performing optical signal detection, gating pulses with different time parameters are applied to N gating electrodes respectively. The gating pulses with different time parameters are: the pulse widths of the N gating pulses are T d Same, T dThe value range of is 1ps~1μs, the starting time of the rising edge of N strobe pulses is delayed successively on the time axis, and the starting time difference of the rising edges of two adjacent strobe pulses is Δt; or, the starting time of the rising edge of N strobe pulses is the same, the pulse width of N strobe pulses increases successively, and the pulse width difference of two adjacent strobe pulses is Δt; the value range of Δt is 1ps~500ns;

[0025] The gating pulses applied by two adjacent gating electrodes have an overlapping time period, the total superposition time of the gating pulses applied by the N gating electrodes is greater than the duration of the optical signal to be detected, and the optical signal to be detected is not in a continuous state during the duration of the gating pulse with the earliest rising edge start time or the smallest pulse width;

[0026] The amplitude of the strobe pulse is V g , V g ≥V clo , so that the N gate electrodes are in a gated state during the positive pulse time period of the corresponding gate pulse;

[0027] Step 3, the anode outputs a detection waveform signal during a time period when the corresponding gating electrode is in a gating state and when the light signal to be detected is in a continuous state;

[0028] The detection waveform signals are sorted according to the order of the rising edges of the corresponding strobe pulses of the N strobe electrodes on the time axis, or the order of the pulse width from short to long;

[0029] Step 4, define the anode corresponding to the first gated electrode or the gated electrode with the shortest gated time as the basic anode, define the characteristic charge output during the non-overlapping time period of the detection waveform signals output by two adjacent anodes as Q3, and calculate the characteristic charge Q3 output during the non-overlapping time period of the remaining anodes except the basic anode;

[0030] The detection waveform signal output by the latter anode of two adjacent anodes is integrated to obtain the total charge Q1 output by the anode, and the detection waveform signal output by the former anode is integrated to obtain the total charge Q2 output by the anode, Q3 = Q1-Q2;

[0031] Step 5: Perform inverse integration processing on all characteristic charge quantities Q3 obtained to obtain characteristic waveform signals of the corresponding anodes, and perform fitting and reconstruction on all characteristic waveform signals obtained according to the timing information of the gated pulses with different time parameters to obtain a detection waveform with high time resolution.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 1, V clo <-5V,V ac >10V,V a >10V.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The present invention divides the photomultiplier tube into N areas by setting N gate electrodes, and each area can not only work independently and realize the gated detection function independently; at the same time, the N gate electrodes can work together to realize the cascade work of the N gate electrodes in the photomultiplier tube to perform gated detection, thereby expanding the function of a single device; by applying gate pulses with different time parameters to the N gate electrodes, different detection moments at different gate electrode positions are realized, so that the intensity change information of the light signal in a shorter time interval is output through the anode, and then a light signal intensity change waveform with high time precision is inverted, thereby reducing the detection distortion degree of the detection result compared with the original signal, improving the time resolution of the photomultiplier tube, and making the ultimate time resolution of the photomultiplier tube reach the picosecond level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a high time resolution photomultiplier tube of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a principle diagram of a method for realizing high time resolution photomultiplication of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photomultiplier tube in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is a waveform diagram of a strobe pulse in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a high time resolution photomultiplication implementation process of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is a waveform diagram of a strobe pulse in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the high time resolution photomultiplication implementation process of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure, 1-cathode, 2-electron multiplier, 3-selecting electrode, 4-anode, 5-reading electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, a high time resolution photomultiplier tube and implementation method proposed by the present invention are further described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. According to the following specific implementation methods, the advantages and features of the present invention will be clearer. It should be noted that: the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, which are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention; secondly, the structure shown in the drawings is often part of the actual structure.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, a high time resolution photomultiplier tube of the present invention comprises N readout electrodes 5, a cathode 1, an electron multiplier 2, N gating electrodes 3 and N anodes 4 arranged in a vacuum environment, wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

[0045] The cathode 1 and the electron multiplier 2 are arranged in parallel with each other, and a first gap is provided between the two, and the range of the first gap is 0.5 mm to 5 mm; wherein the cathode 1 is an ultraviolet cathode, an infrared cathode or a visible light cathode, and is a thin plate structure; the electron multiplier 2 is a structure that realizes electron multiplication through a secondary electron multiplication material, and specifically, the electron multiplier 2 is a microchannel plate electron multiplier, or a dynode electron multiplier;

[0046] N gate electrodes 3 are all arranged in the first gap, and are used to apply gate pulses with different time parameters to control whether the electrons emitted by the cathode 1 can enter the electron multiplier 2. The N gate electrodes 3 are arranged along the length direction of the cathode 1, and the total area of ​​the N gate electrodes 3 is equal to the effective area of ​​the cathode 1. A second gap is arranged between one side of the gate electrode 3 and the cathode 1, and the range of the second gap is 0.2mm~1mm. A third gap is arranged between the other side and the electron multiplier 2, and the range of the third gap is 0.3mm~4mm; the inside of the gate electrode 3 is a metal component % of a regular hexagonal mesh structure, and the shape of the gate electrode 3 is the same as the shape of the anode 4 to be described in detail below;

[0047] N anodes 4 are all arranged on the side of the electron multiplier 2 away from the cathode 1, and are used to collect the electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier 2. The N anodes 4 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N gate electrodes 3. The shape of the anode 4 is a thin sheet or a cone. A fourth gap is arranged between the anode 4 and the electron multiplier 2, and the range of the fourth gap is 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0048] One end of the N readout electrodes 5 is respectively connected to the side of the N anodes 4 away from the electron multiplier 2, and the other end is used to connect to an external electrical appliance to output the electrons collected by the anode 4. The readout electrode 5 is a metal wire, a coaxial cable or a cable with a fixed impedance.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, a method for realizing a high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to the present invention is based on a high time resolution photomultiplier tube and comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step 1, applying fixed potentials of different magnitudes to the cathode 1, the gate electrode 3, the electron multiplier 2 and the anode 4 respectively;

[0051] A fixed voltage difference V is formed between the gate electrode 3 and the cathode 1 clo , V clo <-5V, so that the electrons emitted by cathode 1 cannot pass through gate electrode 3; a fixed electron acceleration voltage difference V is formed between gate electrode 3 and electron multiplier 2 ac , V ac >10V, so that the electrons passing through the gate electrode 3 can enter the electron multiplier 2; a fixed electron acceleration voltage difference V is formed between the electron multiplier 2 and the anode 4 a , V a >10V, so that the electrons doubled by the electron multiplier can enter the anode 4;

[0052] Step 2: When performing optical signal detection, gating pulses with different time parameters are applied to the N gating electrodes 3. Specifically, the gating pulses with different time parameters are: the pulse widths Td of the N gating pulses are the same, T d The value range of is 1ps~1μs, the starting time of the rising edge of N strobe pulses is delayed successively on the time axis, and the starting time difference of the rising edges of two adjacent strobe pulses is Δt; or, the starting time of the rising edge of N strobe pulses is the same, the pulse width of N strobe pulses increases successively, and the pulse width difference of two adjacent strobe pulses is Δt; the value range of Δt is 1ps~500ns;

[0053] The gating pulses applied by two adjacent gating electrodes 3 have an overlapping time period, the total superposition time of the gating pulses applied by the N gating electrodes 3 is greater than the duration of the optical signal to be detected, and the optical signal to be detected is not in a continuous state during the duration of the gating pulse with the earliest rising edge start time or the smallest pulse width;

[0054] The amplitude of the strobe pulse is V g , V g ≥V clo , so that the N gate electrodes 3 are in the gate state during the positive pulse time period of the corresponding gate pulse;

[0055] Step 3, the anode 4 outputs a detection waveform signal during the time period when the corresponding gate electrode 3 is in the gated state and the optical signal to be detected is in the continuous state;

[0056] The detection waveform signals are sorted according to the order of the rising edges of the corresponding strobe pulses of the N strobe electrodes 3 on the time axis, or the order of the pulse width from short to long;

[0057] Step 4, define the anode 4 corresponding to the first gated electrode 3 or the gated electrode 3 with the shortest gated time as the basic anode 4, define the characteristic charge amount output during the non-overlapping time period of the detection waveform signals output by two adjacent anodes 4 as Q3, and calculate the characteristic charge amount Q3 output during the non-overlapping time period of the remaining anodes 4 except the basic anode 4, specifically:

[0058] The detection waveform signal output by the latter anode 4 of the two adjacent anodes 4 is integrated to obtain the total charge Q1 output by the anode 4, and the detection waveform signal output by the former anode 4 is integrated to obtain the total charge Q2 output by the anode 4, Q3 = Q1-Q2;

[0059] Step 5: Perform inverse integration processing on all characteristic charge quantities Q3 obtained to obtain characteristic waveform signals corresponding to the anode 4, and perform fitting and reconstruction on all characteristic waveform signals obtained according to the timing information of the gated pulses with different time parameters to obtain a detection waveform with high time resolution.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the electron multiplier 2 uses a microchannel plate electron multiplier 2, which is composed of two rectangular MCP plates (microchannel plates). The number of the gating electrodes 3 and the anode 4 are both four, the distance between the cathode 1 and the gating electrode 3 is 0.4mm, the distance between the gating electrode 3 and the input surface of the electron multiplier 2 is 1mm, and the distance between the electron multiplier 2 and the anode 4 is 1mm.

[0062] In this embodiment, the electron multiplier tube adopts a negative voltage working mode, the initial voltage of the selection electrode 3 is -2000V, the voltage of the cathode 1 is -1995V, the input electrode voltage of the electron multiplier 2 is -1800V, and the output electrode voltage of the electron multiplier 2 is -200V. At this time, the emitted electrons of the cathode 1 in the photomultiplier tube cannot pass through the selection electrode 3, and the photomultiplier tube is in a cut-off state, but the electron multiplier 2 is in a normal working state. If there is electron input, the electron multiplication function can be realized.

[0063] Figure 4As shown, when performing optical signal detection, electronic pulses with different time parameters are applied to the selection electrode 3, and the electronic pulses are defined as the first electronic pulse, the second electronic pulse, ..., the Nth electronic pulse. Correspondingly, the selection electrodes 3 are the first selection electrode, the second selection electrode, ..., the Nth selection electrode, wherein the first pulse signal is applied to the first selection electrode, the second pulse signal is applied to the second selection electrode, and so on, the Nth selection pulse is applied to the Nth selection electrode; in this embodiment, the amplitude of the selection pulse is 10V, the starting time of all the selection pulses is the same, but the pulse width increases by 500ps each time.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, when the photomultiplier tube of the present invention detects the light signal, although the first gating pulse is applied to the first gating electrode, since no light signal is irradiated on the cathode 1 during the time period of the gating pulse, the anode 4 corresponding to the first gating electrode to which the gating pulse is applied does not output the detection signal waveform; as the gating pulse time passes, when the second gating pulse is applied to the second gating electrode, the first light signal pulse appears within the time period covered by the second gating pulse, at which time the anode 4 corresponding to the second gating electrode outputs the corresponding detection signal waveform and records the corresponding waveform information, calculates the time information, intensity information, etc. corresponding to the waveform information, and integrates the detection waveform to obtain the total output charge, which is the detection charge within 500ps (the midpoint is marked as t2); next, the third gating pulse is applied to the third gating electrode, and within the time period covered by the gating pulse, except for the first light signal pulse, the second light signal pulse has not appeared yet, at which time the corresponding anode 4 outputs the waveform and the total charge and the charge output by the second anode 4 The total amount is consistent. At this time, the total amount of charge output by the third anode 4 is subtracted from the total amount of charge output by the second anode, and the detection charge within the second 500ps (the midpoint is marked as t3) can be obtained; next, the fourth selection electrode applies the fourth selection pulse. In the time period covered by the selection pulse, in addition to the first light signal pulse, a second light signal pulse also appears. At this time, the total amount of charge output by the anode 4 corresponding to the fourth selection electrode also includes the charge amounts corresponding to the two light pulse signals. At this time, the total amount of charge output by the anode 4 corresponding to the fourth selection electrode is subtracted from the total amount of charge output by the anode 4 corresponding to the third selection electrode, and the detection charge within the third 500ps (the midpoint is marked as t4) can be obtained; according to this detection method, the detection charge amount of each anode 4 within the adjacent 500ps can be calculated, and the charge amount information is processed by reverse integration to obtain the corresponding characteristic waveform signal, and the waveform signal is fitted and reconstructed according to the time sequence to restore the high-precision time and intensity information of each detected light pulse, thereby realizing the high time resolution detection function of the photomultiplier tube.

[0065] Since the time difference between two adjacent strobe pulses is 500ps, the time difference between the output signals of two adjacent anodes 4 is also 500ps. The intensity variation trend of the light signal at a time interval of 500ps can be obtained by calculating the output signals of adjacent anodes 4. Thus, the time resolution of this photomultiplier tube reaches 500ps. If the value of Δt is selected to be smaller, reaching the picosecond level, the ultimate time resolution of the high time resolution photomultiplier tube of the present invention can reach the picosecond level.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The structure of the photomultiplier tube, the method of applying the working voltage and the value in this embodiment are the same as those in the structure of embodiment 1.

[0068] like Figure 6 As shown, the first pulse signal is applied to the first gate electrode, the second pulse signal is applied to the second gate electrode, and so on, the Nth gate pulse is applied to the Nth gate electrode. In this embodiment, the amplitude of the gate pulse is 10V, the width Td of all gate pulses is 10ns, the start time difference between two adjacent pulses is Δt, and the value of Δt is 500ps.

[0069] like Figure 7 As shown, the specific detection process of this embodiment is the same as that of implementation case 1, but when performing waveform processing between each anode 4, the total amount of detection charge output by the anode corresponding to the third gate electrode and the total amount of detection charge output by the anode corresponding to the second gate electrode are integrated in the overlapping time period to perform subtraction processing, so that the detection charge amount of the anode output signal corresponding to the third gate electrode in the last 500ps can be obtained. Similarly, the detection charge amount of other anodes 4 in the last 500ps can be obtained. These detection charge amount information are reversely integrated to obtain characteristic waveform signals. The characteristic waveform signals are fitted and reconstructed in the order of time to restore the high-precision time and intensity information of each detected light pulse, realizing the high time resolution detection function of the photomultiplier tube. Similarly, if the value of Δt is selected to be smaller and reaches the picosecond level, the limit time resolution of the high time resolution photomultiplier tube of the present invention can also reach the picosecond level.

Claims

1. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube, characterized in that: It comprises N readout electrodes (5), a cathode (1), an electron multiplier (2), N gating electrodes (3) and N anodes (4) arranged in a vacuum environment, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; The cathode (1) and the electron multiplier (2) are arranged parallel to each other, with a first gap between them, and the range of the first gap is 0.5 mm to 5 mm; N of the gating electrodes (3) are arranged in the first gap, and are used to apply gating pulses with different time parameters to control whether the electrons emitted by the cathode (1) can enter the electron multiplier (2). The total area of ​​the N gating electrodes (3) is equal to the effective area of ​​the cathode (1). A second gap is arranged between one side of the gating electrode (3) and the cathode (1), and the range of the second gap is 0.2 mm to 1 mm. A third gap is arranged between the other side and the electron multiplier (2), and the range of the third gap is 0.3 mm to 4 mm. The N anodes (4) are all arranged on a side of the electron multiplier (2) away from the cathode (1) and are used to collect electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier (2). The N anodes (4) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N gate electrodes (3). A fourth gap is provided between the anode (4) and the electron multiplier (2), and the range of the fourth gap is 1 mm to 5 mm. One end of the N readout electrodes (5) is respectively connected to the side of the N anodes (4) away from the electron multiplier (2), and the other end is used to connect to an external device to output the electrons collected by the anodes (4).

2. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron multiplier (2) is an electron multiplier made of secondary electron multiplying material.

3. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron multiplier (2) is a microchannel plate electron multiplier or a dynode electron multiplier.

4. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cathode (1) is an ultraviolet cathode, an infrared cathode or a visible light cathode; The cathode (1) is a thin plate structure, and the N gate electrodes (3) are arranged along the length direction of the cathode (1).

5. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anode (4) is in the shape of a thin sheet or a cone; The interior of the gate electrode (3) is a regular hexagonal mesh structure, and the shape of the gate electrode (3) is the same as that of the anode (4).

6. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 5, characterized in that: The readout electrode (5) is a cable with fixed impedance.

7. A high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 6, characterized in that: The readout electrode (5) is a coaxial cable.

8. A method for realizing a high time resolution photomultiplier tube, based on a high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, applying fixed potentials of different magnitudes to the cathode (1), the gate electrode (3), the electron multiplier (2) and the anode (4); A fixed voltage difference V is formed between the gate electrode (3) and the cathode (1) clo , so that the electrons emitted by the cathode (1) cannot pass through the gating electrode (3); a fixed electron acceleration voltage difference V is formed between the gating electrode (3) and the electron multiplier (2) ac , so that the electrons passing through the gate electrode (3) can enter the electron multiplier (2); a fixed electron acceleration voltage difference V is formed between the electron multiplier (2) and the anode (4) a , so that the electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier (2) can enter the anode (4); Step 2: When performing optical signal detection, gating pulses with different time parameters are applied to N gating electrodes (3) respectively. The gating pulses with different time parameters are: the pulse widths of the N gating pulses are T d Same, T d The value range of is 1ps~1μs, the starting time of the rising edge of N strobe pulses is delayed successively on the time axis, and the starting time difference of the rising edges of two adjacent strobe pulses is Δt; or, the starting time of the rising edge of N strobe pulses is the same, the pulse width of N strobe pulses increases successively, and the pulse width difference of two adjacent strobe pulses is Δt; the value range of Δt is 1ps~500ns; The gating pulses applied by two adjacent gating electrodes (3) have an overlapping time period, the total superposition time of the gating pulses applied by the N gating electrodes (3) is greater than the duration of the optical signal to be detected, and the optical signal to be detected is not in a continuous state during the duration of the gating pulse with the earliest rising edge start time or the smallest pulse width; The amplitude of the strobe pulse is V g , V g ≥V clo , so that the N gate electrodes (3) are in a gated state during the positive pulse time period of the corresponding gate pulse; Step 3, the anode (4) outputs a detection waveform signal during a time period when the corresponding gating electrode (3) is in a gating state and when the optical signal to be detected is in a continuous state; Sorting the detection waveform signals according to the order of the rising edges of the corresponding strobe pulses of the N strobe electrodes (3) on the time axis, or the order of pulse width from short to long; Step 4: define the anode (4) corresponding to the first gated electrode (3) or the gated electrode (3) with the shortest gated time as the basic anode (4), define the characteristic charge quantity output during the non-overlapping time period of the detection waveform signals output by two adjacent anodes (4) as Q3, and calculate the characteristic charge quantity Q3 output during the non-overlapping time period of the remaining anodes (4) except the basic anode (4), specifically: The detection waveform signal output by the latter anode (4) of two adjacent anodes (4) is integrated to obtain the total charge amount Q1 output by the anode (4), and the detection waveform signal output by the former anode (4) is integrated to obtain the total charge amount Q2 output by the anode (4), Q3 = Q1-Q2; Step 5: Perform inverse integration processing on all the obtained characteristic charge quantities Q3 to obtain the characteristic waveform signal of the corresponding anode (4); perform fitting and reconstruction on all the obtained characteristic waveform signals according to the timing information of the selected pulses with different time parameters to obtain a detection waveform with high time resolution.

9. The method for realizing a high time resolution photomultiplier tube according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 1, V clo <-5V,V ac >10V,V a >10V.

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