Paging method and apparatus, communication device, and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a core network device, and the method comprises the following steps: sending a paging packet message to a base station; wherein the paging packet message at least indicates a first paging packet parameter used for packet paging of a terminal in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, the field of wireless communication technology, and particularly to a paging method, apparatus, communication device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Paging is an important function in wireless communication. Its purpose is to instruct the base station to notify the paged terminal to respond to network requests. The base station and the terminal agree on a paging occasion (PO). The base station sends a paging message at the designated PO, and the terminal receives the message at the corresponding PO.

[0003] In related technologies, a group paging method is used to page terminals. The network can page all terminals within a group by sending a single paging message, without needing to send a separate paging message to each terminal. After receiving a group paging message, the terminal determines whether it belongs to the group being paged. If it does, it responds to the group paging message; otherwise, it ignores the message. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and particularly to a paging method, apparatus, communication device, and storage medium.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a paging method is provided, wherein the method is performed by a core network device, the method comprising:

[0006] Send paging packet messages to the base station;

[0007] The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameters include one or more of the following:

[0009] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0010] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0011] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0012] In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent in response to an RRC inactive state transmission report message.

[0013] In one embodiment, sending a paging packet message to the base station includes:

[0014] Send a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters to the base station;

[0015] or,

[0016] Send a paging packet message to the base station that does not carry the first paging packet parameters.

[0017] In one embodiment, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the terminal is instructed not to receive paging messages based on packet paging.

[0018] In one embodiment, sending the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters includes:

[0019] In response to the RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters is sent.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a paging method is provided, wherein the method is performed by a base station, the method comprising:

[0021] Receive paging packet messages sent by core network equipment;

[0022] The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameters include one or more of the following:

[0024] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0025] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0026] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0027] In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent by the core network device in response to the RRC inactive state transmission report message.

[0028] In one embodiment, receiving the paging packet message sent by the core network device includes:

[0029] Receive a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters sent by the core network equipment;

[0030] or,

[0031] Receive a paging packet message sent by the core network device that does not carry the first paging packet parameters.

[0032] In one embodiment, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the terminal is instructed not to receive paging messages based on packet paging.

[0033] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0034] Send an RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, wherein the predetermined indication information is used to instruct the core network device to send the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters.

[0035] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0036] In response to receiving the paging packet message, an RRC release message for releasing the terminal is sent to the terminal.

[0037] In one embodiment, sending the RRC release message to the terminal includes:

[0038] In response to the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters, the RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters is sent to the terminal;

[0039] or,

[0040] In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, an RRC release message without carrying the first paging packet parameter is sent to the terminal, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC idle state, or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal does not receive paging messages based on packet paging mode;

[0041] or,

[0042] In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, an RRC release message instructing the terminal to obtain the third paging packet parameter using a random selection method is sent to the terminal.

[0043] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a paging method is provided, wherein the method is executed by a terminal, the method comprising:

[0044] Receive a message indicating first paging packet parameters, wherein the first paging packet parameters are parameters used in the RRC inactive state;

[0045] A terminal in the RRC inactive state receives the paging message based on the first paging packet parameters.

[0046] In one embodiment, the paging group parameters include one or more of the following:

[0047] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0048] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0049] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0050] In one embodiment, receiving a message indicating first paging packet parameters further includes:

[0051] Receive an RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters;

[0052] or,

[0053] Receive an RRC release message that does not carry the first paging packet parameter, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC idle state, or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal does not receive paging messages based on packet paging mode;

[0054] or,

[0055] The receiving terminal obtains the RRC release message by randomly selecting the third paging packet parameters.

[0056] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a paging device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0057] The sending module is used to send paging packet messages to the base station;

[0058] The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0059] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a paging device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0060] The receiving module is used to receive paging packet messages sent by core network devices;

[0061] The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0062] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a paging device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0063] The receiving module is configured to: receive a message indicating first paging packet parameters, wherein the first paging packet parameters are parameters used in the RRC inactive state;

[0064] A terminal in the RRC inactive state receives the paging message based on the first paging packet parameters.

[0065] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising:

[0066] processor;

[0067] Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions;

[0068] The processor is configured to implement the method described in any embodiment of this disclosure when running the executable instructions.

[0069] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer storage medium is provided, the computer storage medium storing a computer executable program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described in any embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0070] In this embodiment, a paging packet message is sent to the base station; wherein the paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state. Here, when the core network device determines that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state, it can use the paging packet message to send the first paging packet parameter for paging the terminal in the RRC inactive state. Compared to using a second paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in the RRC idle state, the first paging packet parameter allocated by the core network device to the terminal in the RRC inactive state in this disclosure can adapt to the RRC connection state of the terminal and can more accurately paging the terminal. At the same time, since the terminal in the RRC inactive state is paging in a packet paging manner, when the terminal in the RRC inactive state does not belong to the packet paging group, the terminal in the RRC inactive state will not respond to the packet paging message, thus saving the terminal's power and improving the terminal's battery life. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0073] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0074] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0075] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0076] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0077] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0078] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0079] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0080] Figure 10This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0081] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating a paging method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0082] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a paging device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0083] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a paging device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0084] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a paging device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0085] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0086] Figure 16 This is a block diagram illustrating a base station according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0087] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0088] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. The singular forms “a” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0089] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various information in embodiments of this disclosure, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0090] For the sake of brevity and ease of understanding, the terms “greater than” or “less than” are used in this document to characterize size relationships. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the term “greater than” also includes the meaning of “greater than or equal to”, and “less than” also includes the meaning of “less than or equal to”.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the wireless communication system is a communication system based on mobile communication technology. The wireless communication system may include: several user equipment 110 and several base stations 120.

[0092] User equipment 110 can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user. User equipment 110 can communicate with one or more core networks via a Radio Access Network (RAN). User equipment 110 can be an Internet of Things (IoT) user equipment, such as sensor devices, mobile phones, and computers with IoT user equipment capabilities. For example, it can be a fixed, portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted device. Examples include a station (STA), subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, access point, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, or user equipment. Alternatively, user equipment 110 can also be a device from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Alternatively, user equipment 110 can also be a vehicle-mounted device, such as a vehicle computer with wireless communication capabilities, or a wireless user equipment connected to an external vehicle computer. Alternatively, user equipment 110 can also be a roadside device, such as a street light, traffic light, or other roadside device with wireless communication capabilities.

[0093] Base station 120 can be a network-side device in a wireless communication system. This wireless communication system can be a fourth-generation mobile communication (4G) system, also known as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system; or it can be a 5G system, also known as a New Radio (NR) system; or it can be the next generation after 5G. In this case, the access network in the 5G system can be called NG-RAN (New Generation-Radio Access Network).

[0094] The base station 120 can be an evolved NB (eNB) used in a 4G system. Alternatively, the base station 120 can also be a gNB (gNB) using a centralized-distributed architecture in a 5G system. When the base station 120 adopts a centralized-distributed architecture, it typically includes a central unit (CU) and at least two distributed units (DUs). The central unit is equipped with a protocol stack of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer; the distributed units are equipped with a physical (PHY) layer protocol stack. This disclosure does not limit the specific implementation of the base station 120.

[0095] Base station 120 and user equipment 110 can establish a wireless connection via a wireless air interface. In different implementations, the wireless air interface is a wireless air interface based on the fourth-generation mobile communication network technology (4G) standard; or, the wireless air interface is a wireless air interface based on the fifth-generation mobile communication network technology (5G) standard, such as a new air interface; or, the wireless air interface can also be a wireless air interface based on a next-generation mobile communication network technology standard based on 5G.

[0096] In some embodiments, user equipment 110 can also establish E2E (End to End) connections. Examples include V2V (vehicle to vehicle), V2I (vehicle to Infrastructure), and V2P (vehicle to pedestrian) communication scenarios in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0097] Here, the user equipment mentioned above can be considered as the terminal equipment in the following embodiments.

[0098] In some embodiments, the wireless communication system described above may further include a network management device 130.

[0099] Several base stations 120 are connected to network management device 130. Network management device 130 can be a core network device in a wireless communication system, such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) in an Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Alternatively, it can be other core network devices, such as a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Public Data Network Gateway (PGW), a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), or a Home Subscriber Server (HSS). The implementation of network management device 130 is not limited in this embodiment.

[0100] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, this disclosure provides multiple embodiments to clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure. Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that the multiple embodiments provided in this disclosure can be executed individually, or in combination with the methods of other embodiments in this disclosure, or individually or in combination with some methods in other related technologies; this disclosure does not limit these aspects.

[0101] To better understand the technical solutions described in any embodiment of this disclosure, the scenario of a group paging terminal in the related art will first be explained:

[0102] In one embodiment, without paging groups, all terminals will be woken up at the paging time. In another embodiment, since the probability of a terminal being paged varies within the corresponding time period at the paging time, terminals with low paging probabilities may also be incorrectly woken up, causing unnecessary power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to paging groups for terminals, using paging groups to page terminals. In one embodiment, the paging group information can be carried in the downlink control information (DCI) or in the paging early indication (PEI). Regardless of the grouping method used, the terminal and the network (including the base station and core network) need to reach an agreement on the group to which the terminal belongs in order to send the paging message to the terminal normally.

[0103] In one embodiment, a paging probability Pnas is predetermined between the terminal and the core network, and the base station broadcasts information containing the relationship between this probability and the paging packets, so that the terminal can determine the paging packet to which the terminal belongs based on the received information.

[0104] In one embodiment, when the core network device sends a paging message to the base station, the core network informs the base station of the paging probability of the terminal so that the base station can determine the paging packet for the terminal. In another embodiment, if the core network does not inform the base station of the paging probability of the terminal, the terminal will select a predetermined paging packet.

[0105] In one embodiment, a paging probability PNAS is pre-negotiated between the terminal and the core network, and the base station broadcasts the relationship between the PNAS and packets, enabling the terminal to determine the paging packet. When the paging message arrives at the base station from the core network, the core network also notifies the base station of the terminal's PNAS, which is used by the base station to determine the terminal's packet. This achieves consistency in packet acknowledgment among the terminal, base station, and core network elements.

[0106] In one embodiment, the base station maps a portion of the paging probability to a Wake-up Signal (WUS) packet set. The terminal first selects a packet set, then obtains a packet from the set using a modulo UE-ID method. The formula is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] Among them, the UE-ID modulus method is either random selection or random allocation; N is the paging frame density in the time domain, while Ns is the paging density within a paging frame in the time domain; Nn is the paging narrowband; and Nw is the total number of WUS resources in this set.

[0109] In one embodiment, the core network assigns terminals to terminal paging subgroups based on terminal characteristics. In another embodiment, the same terminal paging subgroup is used in both RRC idle and RRC inactive states. Simultaneously, the same terminal paging subgroup can be used to listen for both core network paging messages and access network paging messages.

[0110] In one embodiment, the core network assigns terminals to different packets based on terminal characteristics (e.g., the probability of being paged). Terminals can belong to the same assigned packet in both the RRC idle state and the RRC inactive state. Here, the same packet can be used to listen for paging messages from the core network and / or the access network in both the RRC idle state and the RRC inactive state.

[0111] In one embodiment, the paging probability of a terminal in the RRC inactive state is different from that of a terminal in the RRC idle state, and this needs to be distinguished. In one embodiment, the core network will reassign a packet identifier after the terminal enters the RRC inactive state. That is to say, the core network can change packet information according to the different states of the terminal.

[0112] In one embodiment, the core network can obtain terminal state changes through RRC Inactive Transition Report messages. Prior to this, the core network will request the base station to notify it when a terminal state change occurs via an RRC Inactive Transition Report Request IE. The RRC Inactive Transition Report Request IE will notify the base station in the following messages: Path switch request Acknowledge message, initial context setup message, UE context modification message, and handover request message, etc.

[0113] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned request IE has one of the following reporting methods: single reporting or multiple reporting. Single reporting means that the network reports the current RRC status once. Multiple reporting means that the terminal notifies the core network every time it enters or leaves the RRC inactive state.

[0114] Therefore, when the core network determines that a terminal has entered the RRC inactive state, it can reassign packet identifiers. However, in related technologies, there is currently no message to carry the newly assigned packet identifier from the core network. Therefore, it is necessary to consider adding new signaling to complete this process.

[0115] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a core network device, and the method includes:

[0116] Step 21: Send a paging packet message to the base station;

[0117] The paging packet message indicates at least the first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0118] Here, the terminal may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, wearable device, vehicle terminal, roadside unit (RSU), smart home terminal, industrial sensing device and / or medical device, etc.

[0119] The network in this disclosure can be an access network and / or a core network. The equipment in the access network can be a base station; the equipment in the core network can be core network equipment, for example, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) entity. It should be noted that the base station involved in this disclosure can be an access device for a terminal to access the network. Here, the base station can be various types of base stations, such as a base station for a third-generation (3G) mobile communication network, a base station for a fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication network, a base station for a fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication network, or other evolved base stations.

[0120] In one embodiment, group paging can be as follows: terminals are divided into different groups; the network pagees all terminals within a group by sending a group paging message, without needing to send a paging message for each terminal individually; after receiving the group paging message, the terminal determines whether it belongs to the group being paged; if it belongs to the group being paged, it responds to the group paging message; if it does not belong to the group being paged, it ignores the group paging message.

[0121] In one embodiment, there can be multiple packets for packet paging. These different packets may be configured with different paging resources. The terminal may belong to one of these multiple packets. In response to the determination of the paging packet to which the terminal belongs, the terminal can listen for paging messages on the paging resources indicated by the paging packet. Here, the group to which the terminal belongs may be determined by the base station or by a core network device in the core network.

[0122] It should be noted that the paging packet message indicating the first paging packet parameter mentioned in this article can be indicated explicitly or implicitly. Explicitly, the paging packet message directly carries the first paging packet parameter. Implicitly, the paging packet message does not carry the first paging packet parameter; however, in response to implicit indication, the implicitly indicated first paging packet parameter can be the terminal's second paging packet parameter in the RRC idle state, allowing the terminal to directly use the second paging packet parameter. Here, the terminal obtains the second paging packet parameter in the RRC idle state before obtaining the first paging packet parameter indicated by the core network device.

[0123] In one embodiment, the parameter for determining the group to which the terminal belongs can be a first paging group parameter. Here, the first paging group parameter includes one or more of the following:

[0124] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0125] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0126] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0127] In one embodiment, the first paging packet parameter includes identification information of the paging packet to which the terminal belongs, assigned by the network, i.e., a group identifier. The terminal can determine its group based on the group identifier. For example, if the group identifier is "001", the terminal belongs to the first group; if the group identifier is "010", the terminal belongs to the second group.

[0128] In one embodiment, the first paging packet parameters include the paging probability of the terminal being paged, determined by the network. The terminal can determine its packet group based on this probability. In one embodiment, the terminal is determined to belong to the first packet if the paging probability is less than a probability threshold; or, the terminal is determined to belong to the second packet if the paging probability is greater than the probability threshold. Here, the paging resources configured for the first and second packets can be different. It should be noted that the paging resources configured for the first and second packets can also be the same.

[0129] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameter includes a probability level of the paging probability of the terminal being paged, determined by the network. The terminal can determine its group membership based on this probability level. In one embodiment, the probability level of the terminal being paged can be divided into low, medium, and high levels. In one embodiment, in response to a low probability level, the terminal is assigned to the first group; in response to a medium probability level, the terminal is assigned to the second group; and in response to a high probability level, the terminal is assigned to the third group. Here, the paging resources configured for the first, second, and third groups are different. It should be noted that different probability levels correspond to different probability ranges. For example, the low level corresponds to probabilities a to b, the medium level to c to d, and the high level to e to f. Here, a is less than b, b is less than c, c is less than d, d is less than e, and e is less than f.

[0130] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a request message to the base station, which may be a pre-defined message. The pre-defined message may carry an RRC inactive state transmission report request information element, indicating a request for information on changes in the terminal's RRC connection state. When the base station determines that the terminal's RRC connection state has changed, the base station sends a message indicating the change in the terminal's RRC connection state to the core network device in response to the request message. Here, the pre-defined message may be a path switch request acknowledge message, an initial context setup message, a UE context modification message, or a handover request message. In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent in response to the RRC inactive state transmission report message. Here, the core network device may determine that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state through an RRC inactive transmission report message sent by the base station, wherein the RRC inactive transmission report message carries information about the terminal switching to the RRC inactive state; in response to determining that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station; wherein the paging packet message indicates at least: a first paging packet parameter for paging the terminal in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0131] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters to the base station. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Thus, after the base station sends the first paging packet parameters to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its packet based on the first paging packet parameters and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0132] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; and in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameter is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0133] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameters. The paging packet message at least indicates: first paging packet parameters for paging terminals in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameters, the first paging packet parameters indicated by the paging packet message are third paging packet parameters obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the paging packet parameters based on the terminal identifier. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's paging packet parameters are the third paging packet parameters obtained according to the random selection method, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its own packet based on the third paging packet parameters determined by the random selection method and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0134] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: the first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the instruction of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0135] In one embodiment, the core network device receives an RRC inactive transmission report message sent by the base station; in response to the RRC inactive transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, the core network device sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters.

[0136] In this embodiment, a paging packet message is sent to the base station; wherein the paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Here, when the core network device determines that the terminal has switched to an RRC inactive state, it can use the paging packet message to send the first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Compared to using a second paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC idle state, the first paging packet parameter allocated by the core network device for a terminal in an RRC inactive state in this disclosure can adapt to the RRC connection state of the terminal and can more accurately paging the terminal. At the same time, since a packet paging method is used to paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state, when the terminal in an RRC inactive state does not belong to the packet paging group, the terminal in an RRC inactive state will not respond to the packet paging message, thus saving the terminal's power and improving the terminal's battery life.

[0137] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0138] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameters include one or more of the following:

[0139] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0140] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0141] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0142] In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent in response to an RRC inactive transport report message.

[0143] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a core network device, and the method includes:

[0144] Step 31: Send a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters to the base station;

[0145] or,

[0146] Send a paging packet message to the base station that does not carry the first paging packet parameters.

[0147] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters to the base station. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Thus, after the base station sends the first paging packet parameters to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its packet based on the first paging packet parameters and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0148] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; and in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameter is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0149] In one embodiment, a paging packet message without carrying first paging packet parameters is sent to the base station. The paging packet message at least indicates: first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameters, the first paging packet parameters indicated by the paging packet message are third paging packet parameters obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the first paging packet parameters based on the terminal identifier. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameters are second paging packet parameters obtained according to the random selection method, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its packet based on the second paging packet parameters determined by the random selection method and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0150] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying paging packet parameters. The paging packet message at least indicates: first paging packet parameters for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameters, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the indication of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0151] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0152] In one embodiment, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is the third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the terminal is instructed not to receive the paging message based on the packet paging method.

[0153] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a core network device, and the method includes:

[0154] Step 41: In response to the RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, send a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters.

[0155] In one embodiment, the core network device receives an RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, wherein the RRC inactive state transmission report message carries information about a terminal switching to the RRC inactive state, and this information may be the predetermined indication information; the core network device determines that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state based on the RRC inactive state transmission report message; in response to determining that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station; wherein the paging packet message indicates at least: a first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state. It should be noted that the predetermined indication information may also be other information, such as a predetermined identifier.

[0156] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0157] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a base station, and the method includes:

[0158] Step 51: Receive paging packet messages sent by the core network equipment;

[0159] The paging packet message indicates at least the first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0160] Here, the terminal may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, wearable device, vehicle terminal, roadside unit (RSU), smart home terminal, industrial sensing device and / or medical device, etc.

[0161] The network in this disclosure can be an access network and / or a core network. The equipment in the access network can be a base station; the equipment in the core network can be core network equipment, for example, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) entity. It should be noted that the base station involved in this disclosure can be an access device for a terminal to access the network. Here, the base station can be various types of base stations, such as a base station for a third-generation (3G) mobile communication network, a base station for a fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication network, a base station for a fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication network, or other evolved base stations.

[0162] In one embodiment, group paging can be as follows: terminals are divided into different groups; the network pagees all terminals within a group by sending a group paging message, without needing to send a paging message for each terminal individually; after receiving the group paging message, the terminal determines whether it belongs to the group being paged; if it belongs to the group being paged, it responds to the group paging message; if it does not belong to the group being paged, it ignores the group paging message.

[0163] In one embodiment, there can be multiple packets for packet paging. These different packets may be configured with different paging resources. The terminal may belong to one of these multiple packets. In response to the determination of the paging packet to which the terminal belongs, the terminal can listen for paging messages on the paging resources indicated by the paging packet. Here, the group to which the terminal belongs may be determined by the base station or by a core network device in the core network.

[0164] In one embodiment, the parameter for determining the group to which the terminal belongs can be a first paging group parameter. Here, the first paging group parameter includes one or more of the following:

[0165] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0166] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0167] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0168] In one embodiment, the first paging packet parameter includes identification information of the paging packet to which the terminal belongs, assigned by the network, i.e., a group identifier. The terminal can determine its group based on the group identifier. For example, if the group identifier is "001", the terminal belongs to the first group; if the group identifier is "010", the terminal belongs to the second group.

[0169] In one embodiment, the first paging packet parameters include the paging probability of the terminal being paged, determined by the network. The terminal can determine its packet group based on this probability. In one embodiment, the terminal is determined to belong to the first packet if the paging probability is less than a probability threshold; or, the terminal is determined to belong to the second packet if the paging probability is greater than the probability threshold. Here, the paging resources configured for the first and second packets can be different. It should be noted that the paging resources configured for the first and second packets can also be the same.

[0170] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameter includes a probability level of the paging probability of the terminal being paged, determined by the network. The terminal can determine its group membership based on this probability level. In one embodiment, the probability level of the terminal being paged can be divided into low, medium, and high levels. In one embodiment, in response to a low probability level, the terminal is assigned to the first group; in response to a medium probability level, the terminal is assigned to the second group; and in response to a high probability level, the terminal is assigned to the third group. Here, the paging resources configured for the first, second, and third groups are different. It should be noted that different probability levels correspond to different probability ranges. For example, the low level corresponds to probabilities a to b, the medium level to c to d, and the high level to e to f. Here, a is less than b, b is less than c, c is less than d, d is less than e, and e is less than f.

[0171] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a request message to the base station, which may be a pre-defined message. The pre-defined message may carry an RRC inactive state transmission report request information element; this RRC inactive state transmission report request information element indicates a request to obtain information about changes in the terminal's RRC connection state. When the base station determines that the terminal's RRC connection state has changed, the base station sends a message indicating that the terminal's RRC connection state has changed to the core network device. Here, the pre-defined message may be a path switch request acknowledgement message, an initial context setup message, a UE context modification message, or a handover request message.

[0172] In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent in response to an RRC inactive state transmission report message. Here, the core network device may determine that the terminal has switched to an RRC inactive state via an RRC inactive state transmission report message sent by the base station, wherein the RRC inactive state transmission report message carries information about the terminal switching to an RRC inactive state; in response to determining that the terminal has switched to an RRC inactive state, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station; wherein the paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for packet paging of the terminal in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0173] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters sent by a core network device. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Thus, after the base station sends the first paging packet parameters to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the first paging packet parameters carried in the paging packet message and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0174] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message from the core network that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; and in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameter is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0175] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message sent by the core network equipment that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the paging packet parameter based on the terminal identifier. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameter is a third paging packet parameter obtained according to the random selection method, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the third paging packet parameter determined by the random selection method and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0176] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message from the core network equipment that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the instruction of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0177] In one embodiment, the base station sends an RRC inactive transmission report message to the core network equipment; in response to the RRC inactive transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, the core network sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters to the terminal.

[0178] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0179] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameters include one or more of the following:

[0180] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0181] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0182] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0183] In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent in response to an RRC inactive transport report message.

[0184] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a base station, and the method includes:

[0185] Step 61: Receive a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters sent by the core network equipment;

[0186] or,

[0187] Receive paging packet messages sent by the core network equipment that do not carry the first paging packet parameters.

[0188] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters sent by a core network device. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Thus, after the base station sends the first paging packet parameters to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the first paging packet parameters carried in the paging packet message and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0189] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message from the core network equipment that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; and in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameter is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0190] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message sent by the core network equipment that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the paging packet parameter based on the terminal identifier. Thus, after the base station indicates that the terminal's first paging packet parameter is a third paging packet parameter obtained according to the random selection method, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the third paging packet parameter determined by the random selection method and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0191] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message from the core network equipment that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the instruction of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0192] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0193] In one embodiment, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is the second paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method; or, in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the terminal is instructed not to receive the paging message based on the packet paging method.

[0194] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a base station, and the method includes:

[0195] Step 71: Send an RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, wherein the predetermined indication information is used to instruct the core network equipment to send a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters.

[0196] In one embodiment, the base station sends an RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information to the core network equipment. The RRC inactive state transmission report message carries information about the terminal switching to the RRC inactive state; this information may be the predetermined indication information. The core network equipment determines that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state based on the RRC inactive state transmission report message, which also carries the information about the terminal switching to the RRC inactive state. In response to determining that the terminal has switched to the RRC inactive state, the core network equipment sends a paging packet message to the base station. The paging packet message at least indicates: first paging packet parameters for packet paging of the terminal in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state. The base station receives the paging packet message. It should be noted that the predetermined indication information may also be other information, such as a predetermined identifier.

[0197] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0198] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a base station, and the method includes:

[0199] Step 81: In response to receiving the paging packet message, send an RRC release message to the terminal to release the terminal.

[0200] In one embodiment, before data transmission between the terminal and the base station, the terminal needs to establish an RRC connection with the base station. After establishing the RRC connection, the terminal and the base station interact with each other through this RRC connection. When there is no data to transmit or interact with, the RRC connection can be released through the RRC connection release procedure, switching from the RRC connected state to the RRC inactive state. Here, the process of releasing the RRC connection includes sending an RRC release message to the terminal. This can be in response to the need to release the RRC connection and the receipt of a paging packet message, sending an RRC release message to the terminal.

[0201] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0202] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a base station, and the method includes:

[0203] Step 91: In response to the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters, send an RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters to the terminal;

[0204] or,

[0205] In response to a paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, an RRC release message without carrying the first paging packet parameter is sent to the terminal, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC idle state, or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal does not receive paging messages based on the packet paging method.

[0206] or,

[0207] In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, an RRC release message instructing the terminal to obtain the third paging packet parameter using a random selection method is sent to the terminal.

[0208] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters to the base station. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. In response to the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters, the base station sends an RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters to the terminal. Thus, after receiving the RRC release message, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the first paging packet parameters carried in the RRC release message and receive paging messages sent to that packet.

[0209] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the base station sends an RRC release message to the terminal without carrying the first paging packet parameter, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the terminal receives the RRC release message, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in an RRC idle state and receive paging messages sent to that packet.

[0210] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameters, wherein the paging packet message at least indicates: the first paging packet parameters for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state. In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameters, the base station sends an RRC release message to the terminal without carrying the first paging packet parameters, wherein the RRC release message indicates that the terminal will not receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after receiving the RRC release message, the terminal will not receive paging messages sent to that packet based on packet paging.

[0211] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the paging packet parameter based on the terminal identifier. In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the base station sends an RRC release message to the terminal instructing the terminal to obtain the third paging packet parameter using the random selection method. Thus, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the third paging packet parameter determined by the random selection method and receive paging messages sent to that packet.

[0212] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: the first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the instruction of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0213] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0214] like Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a terminal, and the method includes:

[0215] Step 101: Receive a message indicating the first paging group parameters, wherein the first paging group parameters are parameters used in the RRC inactive state;

[0216] Step 102: The terminal in the RRC inactive state receives the paging message based on the first paging packet parameters.

[0217] Here, the terminal may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, wearable device, vehicle terminal, roadside unit (RSU), smart home terminal, industrial sensing device and / or medical device, etc.

[0218] The network in this disclosure can be an access network and / or a core network. The equipment in the access network can be a base station; the equipment in the core network can be core network equipment, for example, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) entity. It should be noted that the base station involved in this disclosure can be an access device for a terminal to access the network. Here, the base station can be various types of base stations, such as a base station for a third-generation (3G) mobile communication network, a base station for a fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication network, a base station for a fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication network, or other evolved base stations.

[0219] In one embodiment, group paging can be as follows: terminals are divided into different groups; the network pagees all terminals within a group by sending a group paging message, without needing to send a paging message for each terminal individually; after receiving the group paging message, the terminal determines whether it belongs to the group being paged; if it belongs to the group being paged, it responds to the group paging message; if it does not belong to the group being paged, it ignores the group paging message.

[0220] In one embodiment, there can be multiple packets for packet paging. These different packets may be configured with different paging resources. The terminal may belong to one of these multiple packets. In response to the determination of the paging packet to which the terminal belongs, the terminal can listen for paging messages on the paging resources indicated by the paging packet. Here, the group to which the terminal belongs may be determined by the base station or by a core network device in the core network.

[0221] In one embodiment, the parameter for determining the group to which the terminal belongs can be a first paging group parameter. Here, the first paging group parameter includes one or more of the following:

[0222] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0223] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0224] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0225] In one embodiment, the first paging packet parameter includes identification information of the paging packet to which the terminal belongs, assigned by the network, i.e., a group identifier. The terminal can determine its group based on the group identifier. For example, if the group identifier is "001", the terminal belongs to the first group; if the group identifier is "010", the terminal belongs to the second group.

[0226] In one embodiment, the first paging packet parameters include the paging probability of the terminal being paged, determined by the network. The terminal can determine its packet group based on this probability. In one embodiment, the terminal is determined to belong to the first packet if the paging probability is less than a probability threshold; or, the terminal is determined to belong to the second packet if the paging probability is greater than the probability threshold. Here, the paging resources configured for the first and second packets can be different. It should be noted that the paging resources configured for the first and second packets can also be the same.

[0227] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameter includes a probability level of the paging probability of the terminal being paged, determined by the network. The terminal can determine its group membership based on this probability level. In one embodiment, the probability level of the terminal being paged can be divided into low, medium, and high levels. In one embodiment, in response to a low probability level, the terminal is assigned to the first group; in response to a medium probability level, the terminal is assigned to the second group; and in response to a high probability level, the terminal is assigned to the third group. Here, the paging resources configured for the first, second, and third groups are different. It should be noted that different probability levels correspond to different probability ranges. For example, the low level corresponds to probabilities a to b, the medium level to c to d, and the high level to e to f. Here, a is less than b, b is less than c, c is less than d, d is less than e, and e is less than f.

[0228] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a request message to the base station, which may be a pre-defined message. The pre-defined message may carry an RRC inactive state transmission report request information element, indicating a request for information on changes in the terminal's RRC connection state. When the base station determines that the terminal's RRC connection state has changed, the base station sends a message indicating the change in the terminal's RRC connection state to the core network device in response to the request message. Here, the pre-defined message may be a path switch request acknowledge message, an initial context setup message, a UE context modification message, or a handover request message.

[0229] In one embodiment, the paging packet message is a response message sent in response to an RRC inactive state transmission report message. Here, the core network device may determine that the terminal has switched to an RRC inactive state via an RRC inactive state transmission report message sent by the base station, wherein the RRC inactive state transmission report message carries information about the terminal switching to an RRC inactive state; in response to determining that the terminal has switched to an RRC inactive state, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station; wherein the paging packet message at least indicates: paging packet parameters for packet paging of terminals in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0230] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message carrying paging packet parameters sent by the core network equipment. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. Thus, after receiving the first paging packet parameters sent by the base station, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the first paging packet parameters carried in the paging packet message and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0231] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message from the core network that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; and in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the terminal determines that the first paging packet parameter indicated by the base station is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0232] In one embodiment, the base station receives a paging packet message from the core network that does not carry a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the paging packet parameter based on the terminal identifier. Thus, after the terminal determines that the first paging packet parameter indicated by the base station is a third paging packet parameter obtained according to the random selection method, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its own packet based on the third paging packet parameter determined by the random selection method and receive the paging message sent to that packet.

[0233] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: the first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the instruction of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0234] In one embodiment, the base station sends an RRC inactive transmission report message to the core network equipment; in response to the RRC inactive transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, it sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters.

[0235] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0236] In one embodiment, the first paging group parameters include one or more of the following:

[0237] The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs;

[0238] The paging probability of a given terminal being paged;

[0239] The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

[0240] like Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment provides a paging method, wherein the method is executed by a terminal, and the method includes:

[0241] Step 111: Receive the RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters;

[0242] or,

[0243] Receive an RRC release message that does not carry the first paging packet parameter, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC idle state, or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal does not receive paging messages based on packet paging mode;

[0244] or,

[0245] The received instruction terminal obtains the first paging packet parameter as the third paging packet parameter using a random selection method via an RRC release message.

[0246] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message carrying first paging packet parameters to the base station. The paging packet message at least indicates first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state. In response to the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters, the base station sends an RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters to the terminal. Thus, after receiving the RRC release message, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the first paging packet parameters carried in the RRC release message and receive paging messages sent to that packet.

[0247] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a second paging packet parameter used by a terminal in an RRC idle state. In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the base station sends an RRC release message to the terminal without carrying the first paging packet parameter, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in an RRC idle state. Thus, after the terminal receives the RRC release message, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can determine its packet based on the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in an RRC idle state and receive paging messages sent to that packet.

[0248] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameters. The paging packet message at least indicates: first paging packet parameters for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameters, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameters, the base station sends an RRC release message to the terminal without carrying the first paging packet parameters, wherein the RRC release message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after receiving the RRC release message, the terminal will not receive paging messages sent to that packet based on packet paging.

[0249] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying a first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: a first paging packet parameter for paging a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the first paging packet parameter indicated by the paging packet message is a third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method. Here, the random selection method is a random grouping method in which the terminal determines the paging packet parameter based on the terminal identifier. In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the base station sends an RRC release message to the terminal instructing the terminal to obtain the third paging packet parameter using the random selection method. Thus, the terminal in the RRC inactive state can determine its current packet based on the third paging packet parameter determined by the random selection method and receive paging messages sent to that packet.

[0250] In one embodiment, the core network device sends a paging packet message to the base station without carrying the first paging packet parameter. The paging packet message at least indicates: the first paging packet parameter for packet paging of a terminal in an RRC inactive state; in response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet message instructs the terminal not to receive paging messages based on packet paging. Thus, after the base station sends the instruction of the paging packet message to the terminal, the terminal in an RRC inactive state can receive paging messages without using the packet paging method.

[0251] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0252] like Figure 12 As shown in the embodiments of this disclosure, a paging device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0253] The sending module 121 is used to send paging packet messages to the base station;

[0254] The paging packet message indicates at least the first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0255] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0256] like Figure 13 As shown in the embodiments of this disclosure, a paging device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0257] The receiving module 131 is used to receive paging packet messages sent by the core network equipment;

[0258] The paging packet message indicates at least the first paging packet parameters for paging a terminal that is in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state.

[0259] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0260] like Figure 14 As shown in the embodiments of this disclosure, a paging device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0261] The receiving module 141 is configured to: receive a message indicating first paging group parameters, wherein the first paging group parameters are parameters used in the RRC inactive state; and the terminal in the RRC inactive state receives a paging message based on the first paging group parameters.

[0262] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be executed alone or together with some methods in the embodiments of this disclosure or some methods in related technologies.

[0263] This disclosure provides a communication device, which includes:

[0264] processor;

[0265] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0266] The processor is configured to implement, when running executable instructions, the methods applicable to any embodiment of this disclosure.

[0267] The processor may include various types of storage media, which are non-transitory computer storage media that can continue to store information after the communication device loses power.

[0268] The processor can connect to the memory via a bus or other means to read executable programs stored in the memory.

[0269] This disclosure also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer executable program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any embodiment of this disclosure.

[0270] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0271] like Figure 15 As shown, one embodiment of this disclosure provides a terminal structure.

[0272] Reference Figure 15 The terminal 800 shown in this embodiment is a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, game console, tablet device, medical device, fitness device, personal digital assistant, etc.

[0273] Reference Figure 15 Terminal 800 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 802, memory 804, power supply component 806, multimedia component 808, audio component 810, input / output (I / O) interface 812, sensor component 814, and communication component 816.

[0274] Processing component 802 typically controls the overall operation of terminal 800, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communication, camera operation, and recording. Processing component 802 may include one or more processors 820 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 802 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 802 and other components. For example, processing component 802 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 808 and processing component 802.

[0275] Memory 804 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of device 800. Examples of this data include instructions for any application or method operating on terminal 800, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, etc. Memory 804 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0276] Power supply component 806 provides power to various components of terminal 800. Power supply component 806 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to terminal 800.

[0277] Multimedia component 808 includes a screen that provides an output interface between terminal 800 and user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of touch or swipe actions but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 808 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When device 800 is in an operating mode, such as shooting mode or video mode, the front-facing camera and / or rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0278] Audio component 810 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 810 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when terminal 800 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 804 or transmitted via communication component 816. In some embodiments, audio component 810 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0279] I / O interface 812 provides an interface between processing component 802 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.

[0280] Sensor assembly 814 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessments of various aspects of terminal 800. For example, sensor assembly 814 may detect the on / off state of device 800, the relative positioning of components such as the display and keypad of terminal 800, changes in the position of terminal 800 or a component of terminal 800, the presence or absence of user contact with terminal 800, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of terminal 800, and temperature changes of terminal 800. Sensor assembly 814 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 814 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 814 may also include an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[0281] Communication component 816 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between terminal 800 and other devices. Terminal 800 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as Wi-Fi, 2G, or 3G, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 816 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 816 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[0282] In an exemplary embodiment, terminal 800 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the methods described above.

[0283] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 804 including instructions, which can be executed by a processor 820 of a terminal 800 to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc.

[0284] like Figure 16 As shown, one embodiment of this disclosure illustrates the structure of a base station. For example, base station 900 can be provided as a network-side device. (Refer to...) Figure 16 The base station 900 includes a processing component 922, which further includes one or more processors, and memory resources represented by a memory 932 for storing instructions, such as application programs, that can be executed by the processing component 922. The application programs stored in the memory 932 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processing component 922 is configured to execute instructions to perform any of the methods described above applied to the base station.

[0285] Base station 900 may also include a power supply component 926 configured to perform power management of base station 900, a wired or wireless network interface 950 configured to connect base station 900 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 958. Base station 900 can operate on an operating system stored in memory 932, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™, or similar.

[0286] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the invention are indicated by the following claims.

[0287] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A paging method, wherein, The method is executed by a core network device, and the method includes: Receive Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state transmission report message sent by the base station; Based on the RRC inactive state transmission report message, a paging packet message is sent to the base station; the paging packet message is used by the terminal to determine its own packet in the RRC inactive state and to determine whether it needs to respond to the paging message sent by the base station. The paging packet message carries a first paging packet parameter, which is a paging packet parameter allocated by the core network equipment to the terminal in the RRC inactive state; the paging packet message is used to trigger the base station to send an RRC release message to the terminal to release the terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first paging group parameters include one or more of the following: The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs; The paging probability of a given terminal being paged; The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Send a paging packet message to the base station that does not carry the first paging packet parameters.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC inactive state is the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state; or, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC inactive state is the third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method; or, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the terminal does not receive the paging message based on the packet paging method.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: In response to the RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, a paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters is sent.

6. A paging method, wherein, The method is executed by a base station, and the method includes: Send Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state transmission report messages to core network equipment; The core network device receives a paging packet message sent by the core network device based on the RRC inactive state transmission report message; the paging packet message is used by the terminal to determine its own packet in the RRC inactive state and to determine whether it needs to respond to the paging message sent by the base station. Based on the paging packet message, an RRC release message for releasing the terminal is sent to the terminal; The paging packet message carries a first paging packet parameter, which is a paging packet parameter allocated by the core network device to the terminal in the RRC inactive state.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The first paging group parameters include one or more of the following: The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs; The paging probability of a given terminal being paged; The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The method further includes: Receive a paging packet message sent by the core network device that does not carry the first paging packet parameters.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC inactive state is the second paging packet parameter used by the terminal in the RRC idle state; or, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, the paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC inactive state is the third paging packet parameter obtained by the terminal according to a random selection method; or, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the paging packet parameters, the terminal does not receive the paging message based on the packet paging method.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The method further includes: Send an RRC inactive state transmission report message carrying predetermined indication information, wherein the predetermined indication information is used to instruct the core network device to send the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters.

11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein, Send an RRC release message to the terminal, including: In response to the paging packet message carrying the first paging packet parameters, the RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters is sent to the terminal; or, In response to the paging packet message not carrying the first paging packet parameter, an RRC release message without carrying the first paging packet parameter is sent to the terminal, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameter of the terminal in the RRC idle state, or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal does not receive paging messages based on packet paging mode; or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal obtains the third paging packet parameter using a random selection method.

12. A paging method, wherein, The method is executed by a terminal, and the method includes: The terminal receives a Radio Resource Control (RRC) release message sent by the base station based on a paging packet message. The paging packet message is used by the terminal to determine its own packet in the RRC inactive state and to determine whether it needs to respond to the paging message sent by the base station. The paging packet message carries a first paging packet parameter, which is a paging packet parameter allocated to the terminal by the core network equipment in the RRC inactive state.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The first paging group parameters include one or more of the following: The group identifier of the paging group to which the assigned terminal belongs; The paging probability of a given terminal being paged; The probability level of a given terminal being paged.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The method further includes: Receive an RRC release message carrying the first paging packet parameters; or, Receive an RRC release message that does not carry the first paging packet parameters, wherein the RRC release message indicates the second paging packet parameters of the terminal in the RRC idle state, or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal does not receive paging messages based on packet paging mode; or the RRC release message indicates that the terminal obtains the third paging packet parameters using a random selection method.

15. A paging device, wherein, The device includes: The receiving module is used to receive Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state transmission report messages sent by the base station; The sending module is used to send a paging packet message to the base station based on the RRC inactive state transmission report message; the paging packet message is used by the terminal to determine its own packet in the RRC inactive state and to determine whether it needs to respond to the paging message sent by the base station. The paging packet message carries a first paging packet parameter, which is a paging packet parameter allocated by the core network equipment to the terminal in the RRC inactive state; the paging packet message is used to trigger the base station to send an RRC release message to the terminal to release the terminal.

16. A paging device, wherein, The device includes: The sending module is used to send Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state transmission report messages to core network equipment; The receiving module is used to receive the paging packet message sent by the core network device based on the RRC inactive state transmission report message; the paging packet message is used by the terminal to determine its own packet in the RRC inactive state and to determine whether it needs to respond to the paging message sent by the base station. The sending module is also used to send an RRC release message for releasing the terminal to the terminal based on the paging packet message; The paging packet message carries a first paging packet parameter, which is a paging packet parameter allocated by the core network device to the terminal in the RRC inactive state.

17. A paging device, wherein, The device includes: The receiving module is used by the base station to send a Radio Resource Control (RRC) release message for a terminal based on a paging packet message. The paging packet message is used by the terminal to determine its own packet in the RRC inactive state and to determine whether it needs to respond to the paging message sent by the base station. The paging packet message carries a first paging packet parameter, which is a paging packet parameter allocated to the terminal by the core network equipment in the RRC inactive state.

18. A communication device, wherein, include: Memory; A processor, connected to the memory, is configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory and to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 11, or 12 to 14.

19. A computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, enable the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 11, or 12 to 14.

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