Method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in a wireless local area network system in which data is replicated and phase rotation is applied

Abstract

A method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in a wireless LAN system are proposed. Specifically, a receiving STA receives a PPDU from a transmitting STA through a first band and decodes the PPDU. The PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. The first band includes a first sub-block to a fourth sub-block. The data field includes first data for the first sub-block and the second sub-block and second data for the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block. The second data is generated based on the data obtained by copying the first data and applying a phase rotation to the third sub-block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to a method for receiving a PPDU in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in which data is replicated and phase rotation is applied. Background Art

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard proposes an improved communication environment using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlink multi-user multiple input multiple output (DL MU MIMO) technologies.

[0003] This specification presents technical features that can be utilized in new communication standards. For example, the new communication standard may be the extremely high throughput (EHT) standard currently under discussion. The EHT standard may use newly proposed increased bandwidth, enhanced physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structures, enhanced sequences, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes, etc. The EHT standard may be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.

[0004] In the new wireless LAN standard, an increased number of spatial streams may be used. In this case, in order to appropriately use the increased number of spatial streams, it may be necessary to improve the signaling technology in the WLAN system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Problem

[0006] This specification presents a method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in which data is replicated and phase rotation is applied in a wireless LAN system.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] An example of this specification presents a method for receiving a PPDU in which data is replicated and phase rotation is applied.

[0009] This embodiment may be executed in a network environment supporting a next-generation WLAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN system). The next-generation wireless LAN system is a WLAN system enhanced from the 802.11ax system and thus can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system.

[0010] This embodiment provides a method and apparatus for replicating and transmitting data to increase the transmission distance in EHT PPDU transmission. The 802.11be wireless LAN system can support transmission in a low-power indoor environment in a 6 GHz wideband. Therefore, in order to obtain more reliable performance, a method of repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain in an EHT PPDU is proposed.

[0011] A receiving station (STA) receives a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA via a first frequency band.

[0012] The receiving STA decodes the PPDU.

[0013] The PPDU can be an extremely high throughput (EHT) PPDU that supports the 802.11be wireless LAN system. The PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. The preamble is a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG), a universal signal (U-SIG), an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF.

[0014] The first frequency band includes a first sub-block to a fourth sub-block. The first sub-block to the fourth sub-block can be arranged in ascending order of frequency. The data field includes first data for the first sub-block and the second sub-block, and second data for the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block. The second data is generated based on the data obtained by replicating the first data and applying a phase rotation to the third sub-block. The phase rotation value applied to the third sub-block is -1. No phase rotation is applied to the remaining sub-blocks, i.e., the first sub-block, the second sub-block, and the fourth sub-block (or simply multiplied by 1).

[0015] Beneficial Effects

[0016] According to the embodiment proposed in this specification, by applying a phase rotation to the data of the sub-block having the third lowest frequency in the entire frequency band to transmit the PPDU, reliable performance can be obtained even through long-distance transmission. As a result, there is an effect of increasing the transmission range of the PPDU of the transmitter and improving the overall performance. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 Shows an example of the transmitting device and / or receiving device of this specification.

[0018] Figure 2 Is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0019] Figure 3 Illustrates a general link setup process.

[0020] Figure 4Illustrates an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.

[0021] Figure 5 Illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in a 20 MHz frequency band.

[0022] Figure 6 Illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in a 40 MHz frequency band.

[0023] Figure 7 Illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in an 80 MHz frequency band.

[0024] Figure 8 Illustrates the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

[0025] Figure 9 Illustrates an example of allocating multiple user STAs to the same RU through the MU-MIMO scheme.

[0026] Figure 10 Illustrates an example of a PPDU used in this specification.

[0027] Figure 11 Illustrates an example of a modified transmitting device and / or receiving device in this specification.

[0028] Figure 12 Shows an example of the PHY transmission process for a HE SU PPDU.

[0029] Figure 13 Shows an example of a block diagram of a transmitter that generates the data field of a HE PPDU using BCC coding.

[0030] Figure 14 Shows an example of a block diagram of a transmitter that generates the data field of a HE PPDU using LDPC coding.

[0031] Figure 15 Illustrates 1x HE-STF tones in per-channel PPDU transmission according to this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 16 Shows an example of replicating data for each 40 MHz when transmitting an 80 MHz PPDU.

[0033] Figure 17 Is a schematic diagram illustrating the tone plan of the 80 MHz frequency band defined in 802.11be.

[0034] Figure 18 Is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the transmitting device / equipment according to this embodiment.

[0035] Figure 19 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a receiving apparatus / device according to the present embodiment.

[0036] Figure 20 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a transmitting STA to transmit a PPDU according to the present embodiment.

[0037] Figure 21 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a receiving STA to receive a PPDU according to the present embodiment. Detailed implementation

[0038] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this specification, "A, B, or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0039] The slashes ( / ) or commas used in this specification may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0040] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0041] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". Additionally, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0042] Furthermore, the parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (EHT-signal)", it may mean that "EHT-signal" is proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in this specification is not limited to "EHT-signal", and "EHT-signal" may be presented as an example of "control information". Additionally, when indicated as "control information (i.e., EHT-signal)", it may also mean that "EHT-signal" is proposed as an example of "control information".

[0043] The technical features described separately in one drawing of this specification may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0044] The following examples of this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, this specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard. Additionally, this specification can also be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. Furthermore, the examples of this specification can also be applied to a new WLAN standard enhanced from the EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. Additionally, the examples of this specification can be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it can be applied to a long-term evolution (LTE) based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and a mobile communication system evolved from LTE. Additionally, the examples of this specification can be applied to a communication system based on the 5G NR standard of the 3GPP standard.

[0045] Hereinafter, in order to describe the technical features of this specification, the technical features applicable to this specification will be described.

[0046] Figure 1 Examples of the transmitting device and / or receiving device of this specification are shown.

[0047] In Figure 1 the examples, various technical features described below can be performed. Figure 1 It relates to at least one station (STA). For example, the STAs 110 and 120 of this specification can also be referred to by various terms such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit or simply referred to as a user. The STAs 110 and 120 of this specification can also be referred to by various terms such as a network, a base station, a Node B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a repeater, etc. The STAs 110 and 120 of this specification can also be referred to by various names such as a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, etc.

[0048] For example, the STAs 110 and 120 can be used as an AP or a non-AP. That is, the STAs 110 and 120 of this specification can be used as an AP and / or a non-AP.

[0049] In addition to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the STAs 110 and 120 of this specification can support various communication standards together. For example, communication standards based on 3GPP standards (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standards) etc. can be supported. In addition, the STAs of this specification can be implemented as various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, personal computers, etc. In addition, the STAs of this specification can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and self-driving (autonomous driving).

[0050] The STAs 110 and 120 of this specification can include a Media Access Control (MAC) that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for the radio medium.

[0051] The following will refer to Figure 1 subfigure (a) to describe the STAs 110 and 120.

[0052] The first STA 110 can include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver can be implemented separately as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions can be implemented through a single chip.

[0053] The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs signal transmission / reception operations. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.) can be transmitted / received.

[0054] For example, the first STA 110 can perform operations expected of an AP. For example, the processor 111 of the AP can receive a signal through the transceiver 113, process the received (RX) signal, generate a transmitted (TX) signal, and provide control for signal transmission. The memory 112 of the AP can store the signal received through the transceiver 113 (e.g., the RX signal), and can store the signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (e.g., the TX signal).

[0055] For example, the second STA 120 can perform operations expected of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver 123 of the non-AP performs signal transmission / reception operations. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be packets, etc.) can be transmitted / received.

[0056] For example, the processor 121 of the non-AP STA can receive signals via the transceiver 123, process the RX signals, generate TX signals, and provide control for signal transmission. The memory 122 of the non-AP STA can store the signals received via the transceiver 123 (e.g., RX signals), and can store the signals to be transmitted via the transceiver (e.g., TX signals).

[0057] For example, the operations of the device indicated as an AP in the specification described below can be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is an AP, the operations of the device indicated as an AP can be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and the relevant signals can be transmitted or received via the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. Additionally, the control information related to the operations of the AP or the TX / RX signals of the AP can be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. Additionally, if the second STA 120 is an AP, the operations of the device indicated as an AP can be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and the relevant signals can be transmitted or received via the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. Additionally, the control information related to the operations of the AP or the TX / RX signals of the AP can be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120.

[0058] For example, in the specification described below, the operations of the device indicated as a non-AP (or user STA) can be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the second STA 120 is a non-AP, the operations of the device indicated as a non-AP can be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and the relevant signals can be transmitted or received via the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. Additionally, the control information related to the operations of the non-AP or the TX / RX signals of the non-AP can be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is a non-AP, the operations of the device indicated as a non-AP can be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and the relevant signals can be transmitted or received via the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. Additionally, the control information related to the operations of the non-AP or the TX / RX signals of the non-AP can be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.

[0059] In the following description of the specification, devices such as (transmitting / receiving) STAs, first STAs, second STAs, STA1, STA2, APs, first APs, second APs, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) terminals, (transmitting / receiving) devices, (transmitting / receiving) apparatuses, networks, etc. may imply Figure 1 STAs 110 and 120 of Figure 1 . For example, devices indicated as (but without specific labels) (transmitting / receiving) STAs, first STAs, second STAs, STA1, STA2, APs, first APs, second APs, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) terminals, (transmitting / receiving) devices, (transmitting / receiving) apparatuses, networks, etc. may imply Figure 1 STAs 110 and 120 of Figure 1 . For example, in the following examples, operations of various STAs for transmitting / receiving signals (e.g., PPDUs) may be performed in Figure 1 transceivers 113 and 123 of

[0060] Figure 1 . In addition, in the following examples, operations of various STAs for generating TX / RX signals or pre - performing data processing and calculations for TX / RX signals may be performed in Figure 1 processors 111 and 121 of Figure 1 . For example, examples of operations for generating TX / RX signals or pre - performing data processing and calculations may include: 1) operations for determining / obtaining / configuring / calculating / decoding / encoding bit information of sub - fields (SIG, STF, LTF, data) included in a PPDU; 2) operations for determining / configuring / obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., sub - carrier resources) for sub - fields (SIG, STF, LTF, data) included in a PPDU; 3) operations for determining / configuring / obtaining specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequences, STF / LTF sequences, additional sequences applied to SIG) for sub - fields (SIG, STF, LTF, data) fields included in a PPDU; 4) power control operations and / or power - saving operations applied to STAs; and 5) operations related to determination / obtaining / configuring / decoding / encoding of ACK signals. In addition, in the following examples, various information (e.g., information related to fields / sub - fields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs to determine / obtain / configure / calculate / decoding / decoding TX / RX signals may be stored in Figure 1 memories 112 and 122 of

[0060] Figure 1 . The aforementioned device / STA in sub - figure (a) of Figure 1 may be modified as shown in sub - figure (b) of Figure 1 . Hereinafter, STAs 110 and STA120 of this specification will be described based on Figure 1 sub - figure (b) of

[0061] For example, Figure 1The transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub - figure (b) of Figure 1 can perform the same functions as the aforementioned transceivers shown in sub - figure (a) of Figure 1 For example, the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub - figure (b) of Figure 1 can include processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122. Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122 shown in sub - figure (b) of

[0062] The mobile terminal, wireless device, wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile subscriber unit, user, user STA, network, base station, Node B, access point (AP), repeater, router, repeater, receiving unit, transmitting unit, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving apparatus, and / or transmitting apparatus described below can mean Figure 1 the STAs 110 and 120 shown in sub - figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1 or can mean the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub - figure (b) of Figure 1 That is, the technical features of this specification can be executed in the STAs 110 and 120 shown in sub - figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1 or can be executed only in the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub - figure (b) of Figure 1 the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub - figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1 For example, the technical feature that the transmitting STA sends a control signal can be understood as the technical feature that the control signal generated in the processors 111 and 121 shown in sub - figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1 is sent by the transceivers 113 shown in sub - figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1 Alternatively, the technical feature that the transmitting STA sends a control signal can be understood as the technical feature of generating a control signal to be transmitted to the transceivers 113 and 123 in the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub - figure (b) of

[0063] For example, the technical feature that the receiving STA receives a control signal can be understood as the technical feature of receiving a control signal through the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub - figure (a) of Figure 1 Alternatively, the technical feature that the receiving STA receives a control signal can be understood as obtaining Figure 1 the control signal through the processors 111 and 121 shown in sub - figure (a) of Figure 1The technical features of the control signals received in transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub - figure (a). Alternatively, the technical features of the control signals received by the receiving STA can be understood as obtained through Figure 1 processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub - figure (b) of Figure 1 The technical features of the control signals received in transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub - figure (b).

[0064] Reference Figure 1 Referring to sub - figure (b), software codes 115 and 125 can be included in memories 112 and 122. Software codes 115 and 125 can include instructions for controlling the operations of processors 111 and 121. Software codes 115 and 125 can be included in various programming languages.

[0065] Figure 1 Processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of Figure 1 can include at least one of the following: a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modulator and demodulator (modem). For example, Figure 1 Processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of can be SNAPDRAGONTM series processors manufactured by EXYNOSTM series processors manufactured by A series processors manufactured by HELIOTM series processors manufactured by ATOMTM series processors manufactured by

[0066] In this specification, the uplink can mean a link for communication from a non - AP STA to an SP STA, and an uplink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. can be sent through the uplink. Additionally, in this specification, the downlink can mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non - AP STA, and a downlink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. can be sent through the downlink.

[0067] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0068] Figure 2The upper part shows the structure of an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 In the upper part of, a wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs 200 and 205 (hereinafter referred to as BSSs). A BSS 200 and 205, which is a set of APs and STAs (e.g., access point (AP) 225 and station (STA1) 200-1) that have successfully synchronized to communicate with each other, is not a concept indicating a specific area. BSS 205 may include one or more STAs 205-1 and 205-2 that can be associated with one AP 230.

[0070] A BSS may include at least one STA, an AP that provides distributed services, and a distributed system (DS) 210 that connects multiple APs.

[0071] The distributed system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS) 240 that is extended by connecting multiple BSSs 200 and 205. The ESS 240 can be used as a term indicating a network configured by connecting one or more APs 225 or 230 via the distributed system 210. The APs included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identifier (SSID).

[0072] The portal 220 may be used as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0073] In Figure 2 In the BSS shown in the upper part of, a network between APs 225 and 230 and a network between APs 225 and 230 and STAs 200-1, 205-1, and 205-2 can be implemented. However, a network is configured between STAs to perform communication even in the absence of APs 225 and 230. A network that performs communication by configuring a network between STAs even in the absence of APs 225 and 230 is defined as an ad hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[0074] Figure 2 The lower part of shows a conceptual diagram illustrating an IBSS.

[0075] Reference Figure 2At the lower part of, an IBSS is a BSS operating in the ad - hoc mode. Since an IBSS does not include an access point (AP), there is no centralized management entity that performs management functions at the center. That is, in an IBSS, STAs 250 - 1, 250 - 2, 250 - 3, 255 - 4, and 255 - 5 are managed in a distributed manner. In an IBSS, all STAs 250 - 1, 250 - 2, 250 - 3, 255 - 4, and 255 - 5 can be composed of mobile STAs, and access to the DS is not allowed to form a self - contained network.

[0076] Figure 3 The figure shows a general link establishment process.

[0077] In S310, the STA can perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation can include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order to access the network, the STA needs to discover the participating network. The STA needs to identify a compatible network before joining the wireless network, and the process of identifying the networks existing in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0078] Figure 3 The figure shows a network discovery operation including an active scanning process. In active scanning, the STA performing the scanning sends a probe request frame and waits for a response to the probe request frame to identify which APs exist around while moving to channels. The responder sends a probe response frame as a response to the probe request frame to the STA that has sent the probe request frame. Here, the responder can be the STA that sent the last beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In a BSS, since the AP sends beacon frames, the AP is the responder. In an IBSS, since the STAs in the IBSS send beacon frames in turn, the responder is not fixed. For example, when the STA sends a probe request frame via channel 1 and receives a probe response frame via channel 1, the STA can store the BSS - related information included in the received probe response frame, move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2), and can perform scanning by the same method (e.g., send a probe request and receive a probe response via channel 2).

[0079] Although Figure 3is not shown and the scanning can be performed by a passive scanning method. In passive scanning, the STA performing the scanning can wait for beacon frames while moving to channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11 and is periodically transmitted to indicate the presence of a wireless network and enable the STA performing the scanning to find and join the wireless network. In a BSS, the AP is used to periodically transmit beacon frames. In an IBSS, the STAs in the IBSS take turns to transmit beacon frames. When receiving a beacon frame, the STA performing the scanning stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and records the beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel. The STA that receives the beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning in the next channel by the same method.

[0080] After discovering the network, the STA can perform an authentication process in S320. This authentication process can be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security establishment operation in S340 subsequently. The authentication process in S320 can include the process of the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP and the AP sending an authentication response frame to the STA as a response. The authentication frame for authentication request / response is a management frame.

[0081] The authentication frame can include information about the authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, Robust Security Network (RSN), and finite cyclic group.

[0082] The STA can send an authentication request frame to the AP. The AP can determine whether to allow the authentication of the STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the authentication processing result to the STA via the authentication response frame.

[0083] When the STA is successfully authenticated, the STA can perform an association process in S330. The association process includes the process of the STA sending an association request frame to the AP and the AP sending an association response frame to the STA as a response. For example, the association request frame can include information about various capabilities, beacon listening interval, Service Set Identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operation classes, Traffic Indication Map (TIM) broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, the association response frame can include information about various capabilities, status code, Association ID (AID), supported rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter set, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal-to-Noise Ratio Indicator (RSNI), mobility domain, timeout interval (association recovery time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, and QoS map.

[0084] In S340, the STA can perform security establishment processing. The security establishment processing in S340 can include processing for establishing a private key through a four-way handshake (e.g., through Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frames).

[0085] Figure 4 Illustrates an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.

[0086] As shown, various types of Physical Layer Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) are used in the IEEE a / g / n / ac standards. Specifically, the LTF and STF include training signals, the SIG-A and SIG-B include control information for the receiving STA, and the data field includes user data corresponding to the PSDU (MAC PDU / aggregated MAC PDU).

[0087] Figure 4 Also includes an example of a HE PPDU according to IEEE 802.11ax. According to Figure 4 the HE PPDU is an exemplary PPDU for multiple users. The HE-SIG-B can be included only in the PPDU for multiple users, and the HE-SIG-B can be omitted in the PPDU for a single user.

[0088] As Figure 4 illustrated, the HE-PPDU for multiple users (MU) can include a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG), a high-efficiency signal A (HE-SIG A), a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIGB), a high-efficiency short training field (HE-STF), a high-efficiency long training field (HE-LTF), a data field (alternatively, MAC payload), and a packet extension (PE) field. Each field can be transmitted within the indicated time period (i.e., 4 or 8 μs).

[0089] Next, the resource unit (RU) for the PPDU is described. The RU can include multiple subcarriers (or tones). The RU can be used to send signals to multiple STAs according to OFDMA. In addition, the RU can also be defined to send signals to one STA. The RU can be used for the STF, LTF, data field, etc.

[0090] Figure 5 Illustrates the layout of a resource unit (RU) used in a 20 MHz frequency band.

[0091] As Figure 5As illustrated, resource units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (i.e., subcarriers) can be used to form some fields of the HE-PPDU. For example, resources can be allocated for the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields in the illustrated RUs.

[0092] As Figure 5 shown at the top of [], 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones) can be arranged. Six tones can be used for the guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones can be used for the guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones can be inserted in the center band (i.e., the DC band), and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones on each side of the DC band can be arranged. 26-unit, 52-unit, and 106-unit can be allocated to other bands. Each unit can be allocated to the receiving STA (i.e., user).

[0093] Figure 5 The layout of the RUs in [] can be used not only for multiple users (MUs), but also for a single user (SU). In this case, one 242-unit can be used and three DC tones can be inserted, as Figure 5 shown at the bottom of [].

[0094] Although Figure 5 RUs of various sizes are proposed, i.e., 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, the size of a specific RU can be extended or increased. Therefore, this embodiment is not limited to each RU of a specific size (i.e., the number of corresponding tones).

[0095] Figure 6 Illustrated is the layout of the RUs used in a 40 MHz band.

[0096] Similar to [], where RUs of various sizes are used, Figure 5 in the Figure 6 example, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. can be used. In addition, five DC tones can be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones can be used for the guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used for the guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[0097] As Figure 6 shown, when the layout of the RUs is used for a single user, 484-RU can be used. The specific number of RUs can be changed similar to Figure 5 .

[0098] Figure 7 Illustrated is the layout of the RUs used in an 80 MHz band.

[0099] Similar to using RUs of various sizes Figure 5 and Figure 6 in Figure 7 the example of, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. can be used. In addition, seven DC tones can be inserted in the center frequency, 12 tones can be used for the guard band in the leftmost band of the 80 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used for the guard band in the rightmost band of the 80 MHz band. Additionally, 26-RU corresponding to 13 tones on each of the left and right sides of the DC band can be used.

[0100] As Figure 7 shown, when the layout of the RU is for a single user, 996-RU can be used, and in this case, five DC tones can be inserted.

[0101] The RUs described in this specification can be used in uplink (UL) communication and downlink (DL) communication. For example, when performing UL-MU communication by triggering a frame request, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can allocate a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to the first STA through the trigger frame, and can allocate a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to the second STA. Thereafter, the first STA can send a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA can send a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first / second trigger-based PPDUs are sent to the AP in the same (or overlapping) time period.

[0102] For example, when configuring a DL MU PPDU, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can allocate a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to the first STA, and can allocate a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to the second STA. That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can send the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields for the first STA through the first RU in one MU PPDU, and can send the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields for the second STA through the second RU.

[0103] The information related to the layout of the RU can be signaled by HE-SIG-B.

[0104] Figure 8 Illustrate the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

[0105] As shown, the HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830. The common field 820 may include information that is commonly applied to all users (i.e., user STAs) receiving SIG-B. The user-specific field 830 may be referred to as a user-specific control field. When SIG-B is transmitted to multiple users, the user-specific field 830 may be applied only to any one of the multiple users.

[0106] As Figure 8 shown, the common field 820 and the user-specific field 830 may be encoded separately.

[0107] The common field 820 may include N*8-bit RU allocation information. For example, the RU allocation information may include information related to the location of the RU. For example, when using a 20 MHz channel as Figure 5 shown, the RU allocation information may include information related to a specific frequency band where a specific RU (26-RU / 52-RU / 106-RU) is arranged.

[0108] An example of the case where the RU allocation information consists of 8 bits is as follows.

[0109] [Table 1]

[0110]

[0111] As Figure 5 shown in the example, up to nine 26-RUs can be allocated to a 20 MHz channel. When the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to "00000000" as shown in Table 1, nine 26-RUs can be allocated to the corresponding channel (i.e., 20 MHz). Additionally, when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to "00000001" as shown in Table 1, seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are arranged in the corresponding channel. That is, in Figure 5 the example, the 52-RU can be allocated to the rightmost side, and seven 26-RUs can be allocated to its left.

[0112] The example of Table 1 only shows some RU positions where the RU allocation information can be displayed.

[0113] For example, the RU allocation information may include the example in Table 2 below.

[0114] [Table 2]

[0115]

[0116] "01000y2y1y0" involves an example of allocating 106 - RUs to the leftmost side of a 20MHz channel and five 26 - RUs to its right. In this case, multiple STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be allocated to the 106 - RU based on the MU - MIMO scheme. Specifically, up to 8 STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be allocated to the 106 - RU, and the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to the 106 - RU is determined based on 3 - bit information (y2y1y0). For example, when the 3 - bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to the 106 - RU based on the MU - MIMO scheme can be N + 1.

[0117] Generally, multiple different STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be allocated to multiple RUs. However, multiple STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be allocated to one or more RUs with at least a specific size (e.g., 106 sub - carriers) based on the MU - MIMO scheme.

[0118] As Figure 8 shown, the user - specific field 830 can include multiple user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to a specific channel can be determined based on the RU allocation information in the common field 820. For example, when the RU allocation information in the common field 820 is "00000000", one user STA can be allocated to each of the nine 26 - RUs (e.g., nine user STAs can be allocated). That is, up to 9 user STAs can be allocated to a specific channel through the OFDMA scheme. In other words, up to 9 user STAs can be allocated to a specific channel through a non - MU - MIMO scheme.

[0119] For example, when the RU allocation is set to "01000y2y1y0", multiple STAs can be allocated to the 106 - RU arranged on the leftmost side through the MU - MIMO scheme, and five user STAs can be allocated to the five 26 - RUs arranged on its right through the non - MU MIMO scheme. This case is illustrated by Figure 9 the example of.

[0120] Figure 9 An example of allocating multiple user STAs to the same RU through the MU - MIMO scheme is shown.

[0121] For example, when as Figure 9When the RU allocation shown is set to "01000010", 106 - RU can be allocated to the leftmost side of a specific channel, and five 26 - RUs can be allocated to its right side. Additionally, three user STAs can be allocated to 106 - RU through the MU - MIMO scheme. As a result, since eight user STAs are allocated, the user - specific field 830 of HE - SIG - B can include eight user fields.

[0122] The eight user fields can be represented in Figure 9 the order shown. Additionally, as Figure 8 shown, two user fields can be implemented using one user - block field.

[0123] Figure 8 and Figure 9 the user fields shown can be configured based on two formats. That is, the user fields related to the MU - MIMO scheme can be configured in the first format, and the user fields related to the non - MIMO scheme can be configured in the second format. Referring to Figure 9 the example, user fields 1 to user fields 3 can be based on the first format, and user fields 4 to user fields 8 can be based on the second format. The first format or the second format can include bit information of the same length (e.g., 21 bits).

[0124] Each user field can have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, the user field of the first format (the first MU - MIMO scheme) can be configured as follows.

[0125] For example, the first bit (i.e., B0 - B10) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) can include the identification information of the user STA to which the corresponding user field is allocated (e.g., STA - ID, partial AID, etc.). Additionally, the second bit (i.e., B11 - B14) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) can include information related to the spatial configuration.

[0126] Additionally, the third bit (i.e., B15 - 18) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) can include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. The MCS information can be applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG - B.

[0127] The MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, etc. used in this specification can be indicated by index values. For example, the MCS information can be indicated by index 0 to index 11. The MCS information can include information related to constellation modulation types (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.) and information related to coding rates (e.g., 1 / 2, 2 / 3, 3 / 4, 5 / 6e, etc.). Information related to channel coding types (e.g., LCC or LDPC) may not be included in the MCS information.

[0128] In addition, the fourth bit (i.e., B19) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) can be a reserved field

[0129] In addition, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) can include information related to coding types (e.g., BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) can include information related to the channel coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.

[0130] The above example relates to the user field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme). Examples of the user field of the second format (the format of the non-MU-MIMO scheme) are as follows.

[0131] The first bit (e.g., B0 - B10) in the user field of the second format can include the identification information of the user STA. In addition, the second bit (e.g., B11 - B13) in the user field of the second format can include information related to the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU. In addition, the third bit (e.g., B14) in the user field of the second format can include information related to whether to apply the beamforming steering matrix. The fourth bit (e.g., B15 - B18) in the user field of the second format can include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. In addition, the fifth bit (e.g., B19) in the user field of the second format can include information related to whether to apply dual carrier modulation (DCM). In addition, the sixth bit (i.e., B20) in the user field of the second format can include information related to coding types (e.g., BCC or LDPC).

[0132] Hereinafter, the PPDU transmitted / received in the STA of this specification will be described.

[0133] Figure 10 Illustrate an example of the PPDU used in this specification.

[0134] Figure 10The PPDU can be referred to by various terms such as an EHT PPDU, a TX PPDU, an RX PPDU, a first type or an Nth type PPDU. For example, in this specification, the PPDU or the EHT PPDU can be referred to by various terms such as a TX PPDU, an RX PPDU, a first type or an Nth type PPDU. Additionally, the EHT PPDU can be used in an EHT system and / or a new WLAN system enhanced from the EHT system.

[0135] Figure 10 The PPDU can indicate all or part of the PPDU type used in the EHT system. For example, Figure 10 The example can be used for both the single-user (SU) mode and the multi-user (MU) mode. In other words, Figure 10 The PPDU can be a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs. When Figure 10 The PPDU is used in the trigger-based (TB) mode, the Figure 10 EHT-SIG can be omitted. In other words, a STA that has received a trigger frame for uplink MU (UL-MU) can send a PPDU that omits the EHT-SIG in the Figure 10 example.

[0136] In Figure 10 , the L-STF to EHT-LTF can be referred to as a preamble or a physical preamble, and can be generated / sent / received / obtained / decoded in the physical layer.

[0137] The Figure 10 subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields can be determined to be 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields can be determined to be 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields can be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields can be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0138] In Figure 10 the PPDU, the L-LTF and L-STF can be the same as those in the conventional fields.

[0139] Figure 10The L-SIG field may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24-bit information may include a 4-bit rate field, a 1-bit reserved bit, a 12-bit length field, a 1-bit parity bit, and a 6-bit tail bit. For example, the 12-bit length field may include information related to the length or duration of the PPDU. For example, the 12-bit length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, when the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, or EHT PPDU, the value of the length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, when the PPDU is a HE PPDU, the length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3" + 1 or "a multiple of 3" + 2. In other words, for a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, or EHT PPDU, the value of the length field may be determined as a multiple of 3, and for a HE PPDU, the value of the length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3" + 1 or "a multiple of 3" + 2.

[0140] For example, the transmitting STA may apply BCC coding with a 1 / 2 coding rate to the 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may obtain 48 bits of BCC-encoded bits. BPSK modulation may be applied to the 48-bit encoded bits, thereby generating 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA may map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions other than the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier indices -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols may be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA may additionally map the signal of {-1, -1, -1, 1} to subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The foregoing signal may be used for channel estimation in the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0141] The transmitting STA may generate an RL-SIG in the same manner as the L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied to the RL-SIG. Based on the presence of the RL-SIG, the receiving STA may know that the RX PPDU is a HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU.

[0142] The Universal SIG (U-SIG) may be inserted after Figure 10 the RL-SIG. The U-SIG can be referred to by various terms such as the first SIG field, the first SIG, the first type SIG, the control signal, the control signal field, the first (type) control signal, etc.

[0143] The U-SIG may include information of N bits and may include information for identifying the type of the EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG may have a duration of 4 μs. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit 26-bit information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may be transmitted / received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0144] Through the U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) may be transmitted. The first symbol of the U-SIG may transmit the first X bits of the A-bit information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits), and the second symbol of the U-SIG may transmit the remaining Y bits of the A-bit information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits). For example, the transmitting STA may obtain the 26 uncoded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA may perform convolutional coding (i.e., BCC coding) at a rate of R = 1 / 2 to generate 52 coded bits and may perform interleaving on the 52 coded bits. The transmitting STA may perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be assigned to each U-SIG symbol. Except for the DC index 0, one U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 65 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) except for the pilot tones, i.e., tones -21, -7, +7, +21.

[0145] For example, the A-bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) generated by the U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a field with a length of 4 bits) and a tail field (e.g., a field with a length of 6 bits). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on the 26 bits assigned to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits in the second symbol except for the CRC / tail field, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. Additionally, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to, for example, "000000".

[0146] The A-bit information (e.g., 52 unencoded bits) sent by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the version-independent bits can have a fixed or variable size. For example, the version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be referred to in various terms such as the first control bit, the second control bit, etc.

[0147] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier can include information related to the PHY version of the TX / RX PPDU. For example, the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier can indicate that the TX / RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In other words, when the transmitting STA sends an EHT PPDU, the 3-bit PHY version identifier can be set to the first value. In other words, the receiving STA can determine that the RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.

[0148] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field is related to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field is related to DL communication.

[0149] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can include information related to the TXOP length and information related to the BSS color ID.

[0150] For example, when the EHT PPDU is divided into various types (e.g., various types such as the EHT PPDU related to the SU mode, the EHT PPDU related to the MU mode, the EHT PPDU related to the TB mode, the EHT PPDU related to extended range transmission, etc.), the information related to the type of the EHT PPDU can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0151] For example, the U-SIG may include: 1) a bandwidth field including information related to the bandwidth; 2) a field including information related to the MCS scheme applied to the EHT-SIG; 3) an indication field including information related to whether the dual sub-carrier modulation (DCM) scheme is applied to the EHT-SIG; 4) a field including information related to the number of symbols for the EHT-SIG; 5) a field including information related to whether the EHT-SIG is generated across the entire frequency band; 6) a field including information related to the type of the EHT-LTF / STF; and 7) information related to the field indicating the EHT-LTF length and the CP length.

[0152] The preamble puncturing can be applied to Figure 10 the PPDU. The preamble puncturing means that the puncturing is applied to a part of the entire frequency band (e.g., the secondary 20 MHz band). For example, when transmitting an 80 MHz PPDU, the STA can apply puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band in the 80 MHz frequency band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

[0153] For example, the pattern of the preamble puncturing can be pre-configured. For example, when applying the first puncturing pattern, the puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz frequency band. For example, when applying the second puncturing pattern, the puncturing can be applied only to any one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz frequency band. For example, when applying the third puncturing pattern, the puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the primary 80 MHz band included in the 160 MHz frequency band (or the 80 + 80 MHz frequency band). For example, when applying the fourth puncturing pattern, the puncturing can be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band when the primary 40 MHz band exists in the 80 MHz band included in the 160 MHz frequency band (or the 80 + 80 MHz frequency band).

[0154] The information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU can be included in the U-SIG and / or the EHT-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG can include information related to the contiguous bandwidth, and the second field of the U-SIG can include information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0155] For example, based on the following method, U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information related to preamble perforation. When the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG can be configured individually in units of 80 MHz. For example, when the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG may include information related to the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG may include information related to the preamble perforation applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to the preamble perforation pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG may include information related to the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG may include information related to the preamble perforation applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to the preamble perforation pattern). Meanwhile, the EHT-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information related to the preamble perforation applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to the preamble perforation pattern), and the EHT-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG may include information related to the preamble perforation applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to the preamble perforation pattern).

[0156] Additionally or alternatively, based on the following method, U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information related to preamble perforation. The U-SIG may include information related to the preamble perforation for all bands (i.e., information related to the preamble perforation pattern). That is, the EHT-SIG may not include information related to the preamble perforation, and only the U-SIG may include information related to the preamble perforation (i.e., information related to the preamble perforation pattern).

[0157] The U-SIG can be configured in units of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG can be replicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. A PPDU with a bandwidth exceeding 80 MHz may include different U-SIGs.

[0158] Figure 10 The EHT-SIG in [[ ]] may include control information for the receiving STA. The EHT-SIG can be sent through at least one symbol, and one symbol can have a length of 4 μs. Information related to the number of symbols for the EHT-SIG can be included in the U-SIG.

[0159] The EHT-SIG may include a reference Figure 8 and Figure 9Technical features of the described HE-SIG-B. For example, the EHT-SIG may include common fields and user-specific fields as in the example of Figure 8 The common fields of the EHT-SIG may be omitted, and the number of user-specific fields may be determined based on the number of users.

[0160] As in the example of Figure 8 the common fields of the EHT-SIG and the user-specific fields of the EHT-SIG may be encoded separately. One user block field included in the user-specific fields may include information for two users, but the last user block field included in the user-specific fields may include information for one user. That is, one user block field of the EHT-SIG may include up to two user fields. As in the example of Figure 9 each user field may be related to MU-MIMO allocation or may be related to non-MU-MIMO allocation.

[0161] As in the example of Figure 8 the common fields of the EHT-SIG may include CRC bits and tail bits. The length of the CRC bits may be determined to be 4 bits. The length of the tail bits may be determined to be 6 bits and may be set to "000000".

[0162] As in the example of Figure 8 the common fields of the EHT-SIG may include RU allocation information. The RU allocation information may mean information related to the positions of the RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated. The RU allocation information may be configured in units of 8 bits (or N bits) as shown in Table 1.

[0163] A mode that supports omitting the common fields of the EHT-SIG may be supported. The mode of omitting the common fields of the EHT-SIG may be referred to as a compression mode. When using the compression mode, multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) may decode a PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on non-OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU may decode a PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) received through the same frequency band. In addition, when using the non-compression mode, multiple users of the EHT PPDU may decode a PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU may receive a PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) through different frequency bands.

[0164] The EHT-SIG can be configured based on various MCS schemes. As described above, information related to the MCS scheme applied to the EHT-SIG can be included in the U-SIG. The EHT-SIG can be configured based on the DCM scheme. For example, among the N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for the EHT-SIG, a first modulation scheme can be applied to consecutive half of the tones, and a second modulation scheme can be applied to the remaining consecutive half of the tones. That is, the transmitting STA can use the first modulation scheme to modulate specific control information into a first symbol and allocate it to consecutive half of the tones, and can use the second modulation scheme to modulate the same control information into a second symbol and allocate it to the remaining consecutive half of the tones. As described above, information (e.g., a 1-bit field) regarding whether the DCM scheme is applied to the EHT-SIG can be included in the U-SIG. Figure 10 The HE-STF of Figure 10 can be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) environment or an OFDMA environment. Figure 10 The EHT-LTF of Figure 10 can be used to estimate the channel in a MIMO environment or an OFDMA environment.

[0165] Figure 10 The EHT-STF of Figure 10 can be set to various types. For example, a first type of STF (e.g., 1x STF) can be generated based on a first type of STF sequence, where non-zero coefficients are arranged at intervals of 16 subcarriers. The STF signal generated based on the first type of STF sequence can have a period of 0.8 μs, and the 0.8-μs periodic signal can be repeated 5 times to become a first type of STF with a length of 4 μs. For example, a second type of STF (e.g., 2x STF) can be generated based on a second type of STF sequence, where non-zero coefficients are arranged at intervals of 8 subcarriers. The STF signal generated based on the second type of STF sequence can have a period of 1.6 μs, and the 1.6-μs periodic signal can be repeated 5 times to become a second type of STF with a length of 8 μs. Examples of sequences (i.e., EHT-STF sequences) for configuring the EHT-STF are given below. The following sequences can be modified in various ways.

[0166] The EHT-STF can be configured based on the following sequence M.

[0167] <Equation 1>

[0168] M = {–1, –1, –1, 1, 1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1}

[0169] The EHT-STF of a 20MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first type (i.e., 1xSTF) sequence. For example, the first type sequence may not be included in a trigger-based (TB) PPDU, but included in an EHT-PPDU. In the following equation, (a:b:c) can mean a duration defined as b tone intervals (i.e., subcarrier intervals) from tone index (i.e., subcarrier index) "a" to tone index "c". For example, the following Equation 2 can represent a sequence defined as 16 tone intervals from tone index -112 to tone index 112. Since a subcarrier interval of 78.125kHz is applied to the EHT-STR, 16 tone intervals can mean that the EHT-STF coefficients (or elements) are arranged at intervals of 78.125 * 16 = 1250kHz. Additionally, * means multiplication, sqrt() means square root. Additionally, j means an imaginary number.

[0170] <Equation 2>

[0171] EHT-STF(-112:16:112) = {M}*(1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0172] EHT-STF(0) = 0

[0173] The EHT-STF of a 40MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first type (i.e., 1xSTF) sequence.

[0174] <Equation 3>

[0175] EHT-STF(-240:16:240) = {M,0,-M}*(1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0176] The EHT-STF of an 80MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first type (i.e., 1xSTF) sequence.

[0177] <Equation 4>

[0178] EHT-STF(-496:16:496) = {M,1,–M,0,–M,1,–M}*(1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0179] The EHT-STF of a 160MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0180] <Equation 5>

[0181] EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008) = {M, 1, –M, 0, –M, 1, –M, 0, –M, –1, M, 0, –M, 1, –M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0182] In the EHT-STF of an 80 + 80 MHz PPDU, the sequence of the lower 80 MHz can be the same as Equation 4. In the EHT-STF of an 80 + 80 MHz PPDU, the sequence of the higher 80 MHz can be configured based on the following equation.

[0183] <Equation 6>

[0184] EHT-STF(-496:16:496) = {-M, -1, M, 0, –M, 1, –M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0185] The following Equations 7 to 11 relate to examples of the second type (i.e., 2x STF) sequences.

[0186] <Equation 7>

[0187] EHT-STF(-120:8:120) = {M, 0, -M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0188] The EHT-STF of a 40 MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation.

[0189] <Equation 8>

[0190] EHT-STF(-248:8:248) = {M, –1, –M, 0, M, –1, M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0191] EHT-STF(-248) = 0

[0192] EHT-STF(248) = 0

[0193] The EHT-STF of an 80 MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation.

[0194] <Equation 9>

[0195] EHT-STF(-504:8:504) = {M, –1, M, –1, –M, –1, M, 0, –M, 1, M, 1, –M, 1, –M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0196] The EHT-STF of a 160 MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation.

[0197] <Equation 10>

[0198] EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016) = {M, –1, M, –1, –M, –1, M, 0, –M, 1, M, 1, –M, 1, –M, 0, –M, 1, –M, 1, M, 1, –M, 0, –M, 1, M, 1, –M, 1, –M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0199] EHT-STF(-8) = 0, EHT-STF(8) = 0

[0200] EHT-STF(-1016) = 0, EHT-STF(1016) = 0

[0201] In the EHT-STF of an 80 + 80 MHz PPDU, the sequence of the lower 80 MHz can be the same as Equation 9. In the EHT-STF of an 80 + 80 MHz PPDU, the sequence of the higher 80 MHz can be configured based on the following equation.

[0202] <Equation 11>

[0203] EHT-STF(-504:8:504) = {–M, 1, –M, 1, M, 1, –M, 0, –M, 1, M, 1, –M, 1, –M} * (1 + j) / sqrt(2)

[0204] EHT-STF(-504) = 0,

[0205] EHT-STF(504) = 0

[0206] EHT-LTF can have first, second, and third types (i.e., 1x, 2x, 4x LTF). For example, the first / second / third type LTF can be generated based on an LTF sequence, where non-zero coefficients are arranged at intervals of 4 / 2 / 1 subcarriers. The first / second / third type LTF can have a time length of 3.2 / 6.4 / 12.8 μs. Additionally, GIs with different lengths (e.g., 0.8 / 1 / 6 / 3.2 μs) can be applied to the first / second / third type LTF.

[0207] Information related to the type of STF and / or LTF (including information related to the GI applied to the LTF) can be included in Figure 10 the SIG-A field and / or SIG-B field, etc.

[0208] It can be configured based on Figure 5 and Figure 6 the example of Figure 10 the PPDU (e.g., EHT-PPDU).

[0209] For example, it can be based on Figure 5The RU of is configured for an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz frequency band, i.e., a 20 MHz EHT PPDU. That is to say, the positions of the RUs of EHT-STF and EHT-LTF and the data fields included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in Figure 5 The RU of can be configured for an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 40 MHz frequency band, i.e., a 40 MHz EHT PPDU. That is to say, the positions of the RUs of EHT-STF and EHT-LTF and the data fields included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in

[0210] Based on Figure 6 Since the RU position of corresponds to 40 MHz, when the pattern of Figure 6 is repeated twice, the tone plan for 80 MHz can be determined. That is to say, an 80 MHz EHT PPDU can be transmitted based on a new tone plan in which the RUs that are not

[0211] Because Figure 6 the RU of are repeated twice. Figure 6 the RUs of but Figure 7 the RUs of Figure 6 When the pattern of

[0212] is repeated twice, 23 tones can be configured in the DC region (i.e., 11 guard tones + 12 guard tones). That is to say, the tone plan of an 80 MHz EHT PPDU based on OFDMA allocation can have 23 DC tones. In contrast, an 80 MHz EHT PPDU based on non-OFDMA allocation (i.e., non-OFDMA full-bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU) can be configured based on 996-RU and can include 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones. Figure 6

[0213] The tone plans for 160 / 240 / 320 MHz can be configured such that the pattern of Figure 6 is repeated several times.

[0214] The PPDU of can be determined (or identified) as an EHT PPDU based on the following method. Figure 10

[0215] ​​Based on the following aspects, the receiving STA can determine the type of the RX PPDU as an EHT PPDU. For example, 1) when the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the RX PPDU is a BPSK symbol; 2) when the RL-SIG of the L-SIG repetition of the RX PPDU is detected; and 3) when the result of applying "mod 3" to the value of the length field of the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is detected as "0", the RX PPDU can be determined as an EHT PPDU. When the RX PPDU is determined as an EHT PPDU, the receiving STA can detect the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., SU / MU / trigger-based / extended range type) based on the bit information in the symbols after the RL-SIG included in Figure 10 In other words, the receiving STA can determine the RX PPDU as an EHT PPDU based on: 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal being a BPSK symbol; 2) the RL-SIG being adjacent to and the same as the L-SIG field; 3) the L-SIG including a length field for which the result of applying "mod 3" is set to "0"; and 4) the 3-bit PHY version identifier of the above U-SIG (e.g., the PHY version identifier having a first value).

[0216] For example, the receiving STA can determine the type of the RX PPDU as an EHT PPDU based on the following aspects. For example, 1) when the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; 2) when the RL-SIG of the L-SIG repetition is detected; and 3) when the result of applying "mod 3" to the value of the length field of the L-SIG is detected as "1" or "2", the RX PPDU can be determined as a HEPPDU.

[0217] For example, based on the following aspects, the receiving STA can determine the type of the RX PPDU as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDUs. For example, 1) when the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; and 2) when the RL-SIG of the L-SIG repetition is not detected, the RX PPDU can be determined as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDUs. Additionally, even if the receiving STA detects that the RL-SIG is repeated, when the result of applying "mod 3" to the length value of the L-SIG is detected as "0", the RX PPDU can also be determined as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDUs.

[0218] In the following examples, signals represented as (TX / RX / UL / DL) signals, (TX / RX / UL / DL) frames, (TX / RX / UL / DL) packets, (TX / RX / UL / DL) data units, (TX / RX / UL / DL) data, etc. can be based on Figure 10The signal for PPDU transmission / reception. Figure 10 The PPDU can be used for transmitting / receiving various types of frames. For example, Figure 10 The PPDU can be used for control frames. Examples of control frames can include Request to Send (RTS), Clear to Send (CTS), Power Save Poll (PS-poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, Null Data Packet (NDP) Announcement, and Trigger Frame. For example, Figure 10 The PPDU can be used for management frames. Examples of management frames can include Beacon Frame, (Re)Association Request Frame, (Re)Association Response Frame, Probe Request Frame, and Probe Response Frame. For example, Figure 10 The PPDU can be used for data frames. For example, Figure 10 The PPDU can be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0219] Figure 11 Illustrate examples of the modified transmitting device and / or receiving device of this specification.

[0220] Figure 1 Each device / STA in sub-figures (a) / (b) can be modified as Figure 11 shown. Figure 11 The transceiver 630 of Figure 1 can be the same as the transceivers 113 and 123 of Figure 11 The transceiver 630 can include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0221] Figure 11 The processor 610 of Figure 1 can be the same as the processors 111 and 121 of Figure 11 Alternatively, the processor 610 of Figure 1 can be the same as the processing chips 114 and 124 of

[0222] Figure 11 The memory 620 of Figure 1 can be the same as the memories 112 and 122 of Figure 11 Alternatively, the memory 620 of Figure 1 can be a separate external memory different from the memories 112 and 122 of

[0223] Refer to Figure 11, the power management module 611 manages the power for the processor 610 and / or the transceiver 630. The battery 612 supplies power to the power management module 611. The display 613 outputs the results processed by the processor 610. The keypad 614 receives the inputs to be used by the processor 610. The keypad 614 may be displayed on the display 613. The SIM card 615 may be an integrated circuit for securely storing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and its related keys, which is used to identify and authenticate users on mobile phone devices (such as mobile phones and computers).

[0224] Reference Figure 11 , the speaker 640 may output the results related to the sound processed by the processor 610. The microphone 641 may receive the inputs related to the sound to be used by the processor 610.

[0225] 1. Tone Plan in 802.11ax WLAN System

[0226] In this specification, the tone plan relates to the rules for determining the size and / or the position of the resource unit (RU). Hereinafter, the PPDU based on the IEEE 802.11ax standard, that is, the tone plan applied to the HE PPDU, will be described. In other words, hereinafter, the RU size and the RU position applied to the HE PPDU are described, and the control information related to the RU applied to the HE PPDU is described.

[0227] In this specification, the control information related to the RU (or the control information related to the tone plan) may include the size and position of the RU, the information of the user STA assigned to a specific RU, the frequency bandwidth of the PPDU including the RU, and / or the control information regarding the modulation scheme applied to a specific RU. The control information related to the RU may be included in the SIG field. For example, in the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the control information related to the RU is included in the HE-SIG-B field. That is, in the process of generating the TX PPDU, the transmitting STA may allow the control information about the RU included in the PPDU to be included in the HE-SIG-B field. In addition, the receiving STA may receive the HE-SIG-B included in the RX PPDU and obtain the control information included in the HE-SIG-B, so that it is determined whether there is an RU assigned to the receiving STA based on the HE-SIG-B and the assigned RU is decoded.

[0228] In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields can be configured in units of RUs. That is to say, when configuring the first RU for the first receiving STA, the STF / LTF / data fields for the first receiving STA can be sent / received through the first RU.

[0229] In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the PPDU for a single receiving STA (i.e., SU PPDU) and the PPDU for multiple receiving STAs (i.e., MU PPDU) are defined separately, and their respective tone plans are defined separately. Specific details will be described below.

[0230] The RU defined in 11ax can include multiple subcarriers. For example, when an RU includes N subcarriers, it can be expressed by an N-tone RU or N RUs. The position of a specific RU can be expressed by a subcarrier index. The subcarrier index can be defined in units of subcarrier frequency spacing. In the 11ax standard, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 312.5 kHz or 78.125 kHz, and the subcarrier frequency spacing of an RU is 78.125 kHz. That is, the subcarrier index of an RU +1 may mean a position that is 78.125 kHz higher than the DC tone, and the subcarrier index of an RU -1 may mean a position that is 78.125 kHz lower than the DC tone. For example, when the position of a specific RU is expressed by [-121:-96], the RU can be located in the area from subcarrier index -121 to subcarrier index -96. As a result, the RU can include 26 subcarriers.

[0231] The N-tone RU can include preset pilot tones.

[0232] 2. Null Subcarriers and Pilot Subcarriers

[0233] The subcarriers and resource allocation in the 802.11ax system will be described.

[0234] An OFDM symbol is composed of subcarriers, and the number of subcarriers can serve as the bandwidth of the PPDU. In the WLAN 802.11 system, data subcarriers for data transmission, pilot subcarriers for phase information and parameter tracking, and unused subcarriers that are not used for data transmission and pilot transmission are defined.

[0235] The HE MU PPDU transmitted using OFDMA can be sent by mixing 26-tone RUs, 52-tone RUs, 106-tone RUs, 242-tone RUs, 484-tone RUs, and 996-tone RUs.

[0236] Here, the 26-tone RU consists of 24 data subcarriers and 2 pilot subcarriers. The 52-tone RU consists of 48 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. The 106-tone RU consists of 102 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. The 242-tone RU consists of 234 data subcarriers and 8 pilot subcarriers. The 484-tone RU consists of 468 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers. The 996-tone RU consists of 980 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers.

[0237] 1) Null subcarriers

[0238] As Figures 5 to 7 shown, there are null subcarriers between the 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, and 106-tone RU positions. The null subcarriers are located near the DC or edge tones to avoid leakage of the transmitted center frequency, receiver DC offset, and interference from adjacent RUs. The energy of the null subcarriers is zero. The indices of the null subcarriers are listed below.

[0239]

[0240] For each 80 MHz frequency segment of the 80 + 80 MHz HE PPDU, the positions of the null subcarriers should follow the position of the 80 MHz HE PPDU.

[0241] 2) Pilot subcarriers

[0242] If pilot subcarriers exist in the HE-LTF field of the HE SU PPDU, HE MU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, or HE TB PPDU, the positions of the pilot sequences in the HE-LTF field and the data field can be the same as the positions of the 4x HE-LTF. In the 1x HE-LTF, the positions of the pilot sequences in the HE-LTF are configured by multiplying the pilot subcarriers in the data field by 4. If pilot subcarriers exist in the 2x HE-LTF, the positions of the pilot subcarriers should be the same as the positions of the pilots in the 4x data symbols. All pilot subcarriers are located at the even-numbered indices listed below.

[0243]

[0244]

[0245] At 160 MHz or 80 + 80 MHz, for the bilateral 80 MHz, the positions of the pilot subcarriers should use the same 80 MHz positions.

[0246] 3. HE transmission process and constellation mapping

[0247] In an 802.11ax wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the transmission process (or sending process) in the physical layer (PHY) includes the process of HE single-user (SU) PPDU, the transmission process of HE extended range (ER) SU PPDU, the transmission process of HE multi-user (MU) PPDU, and the transmission process based on HE trigger (TB) PPDU. The FORMAT field of PHY-TXSTART.request (TXVECTOR) can be the same as HE_SU, HE_MU, HE_ER_SU, or HE_TB. The transmission process does not describe the operations of optional features, such as dual-carrier modulation (DCM). Among the diverse transmission processes, Figure 21 only the PHY transmission process of HE SU PPDU is shown.

[0248] Figure 12 An example of the PHY transmission process of HE SU PPDU is shown.

[0249] To send data, the MAC generates a PHY-TXSTART.request primitive, which causes the PHY entity to enter the sending state. In addition, the PHY is configured to operate at an appropriate frequency via the PLME through the station management. Other transmission parameters, such as HE-MCS, coding type, and transmission power, are configured using the PHY-TXSTART.request (TXVECTOR) primitive through the PHY-SAP. After transmitting the PPDU of the transmission (or communication) trigger frame, the MAC sublayer can issue a PHY-TRIGGER.request along with the TRIGVECTOR parameter, which provides the information required for demodulating the HE TB PPDU response expected by the PHY entity.

[0250] The PHY indicates the status of the primary channel and another channel via PHY-CCA.indication. The transmission of the PPDU should be started by the PHY after receiving the PHY-TXSTART.request (TXVECTOR) primitive.

[0251] After the start of the PHY preamble transmission, the PHY entity immediately initiates data scrambling and data encoding. The encoding method of the data field is based on the FEC_CODING, CH_BANDWIDTH, NUM_STS, STBC, MCS, and NUM_USERS parameters of the TXVECTOR.

[0252] In the transmitter (or sending device) block diagram, the SERVICE field and the PSDU are encoded, which will be described later. Data should be exchanged between the MAC and the PHY through the PHY-DATA.request (DATA) primitive issued by the MAC and the PHY-DATA.confirm primitive issued by the PHY. PHY padding bits are applied to the PSDU to set the number of bits of the encoded PSDU to an integer multiple of the number of encoded bits per OFDM symbol.

[0253] The MAC terminates the transmission promptly (or quickly) through the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. The PSDU transmission ends upon receipt of the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. Each PHY-TXEND.request primitive can be notified of its reception together with the PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive from the PHY.

[0254] Packet extension and / or signal extension may exist in the PPDU. The PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive is generated at the actual end time of the most recent PPDU, the end time of the packet extension, and the end time of the signal extension.

[0255] In the PHY, a guard interval (GI) indicated together with the GI duration in the GI_TYPE parameter of the TXVECTOR is inserted into all data OFDM symbols as a solution to delay spread.

[0256] If the PPDU transmission is completed, the PHY entity enters the receiving state.

[0257] To generate each field of the HE PPDU, the following block diagram is used.

[0258] a) Pre-FEC PHY padding

[0259] b) Scrambler

[0260] c) FEC (BCC or LDPC) encoder

[0261] d) Post-FEC PHY padding

[0262] e) Stream parser

[0263] f) Segment parser (for contiguous 160 MHz and non-contiguous 80 + 80 MHz transmissions)

[0264] g) BCC interleaver

[0265] h) Constellation mapper

[0266] i) DCM tone mapper

[0267] j) Pilot insertion

[0268] k) Duplication over multiple 20 MHz (for BW > 20 MHz)

[0269] l) Multiplication by P HE-LTF of the first column

[0270] m) LDPC tone mapper

[0271] n) Segment inverse parser

[0272] o) Space-time block code (STBC) encoder for one spatial stream

[0273] p) Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) inserted for each STS

[0274] q) Space mapper

[0275] r) Frequency mapping

[0276] s) Inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)

[0277] f) Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) inserted for each chain

[0278] u) Guard interval (GI) insertion

[0279] v) Windowing

[0280] Figure 13 An example of a block diagram of a transmitter that uses BCC coding to generate the data field of a HE PPDU is shown.

[0281] Figure 13 A block diagram of a transmitter for generating the data field of a HE PPDU that is applied with binary convolutional coding (BCC) and capable of UL transmission or DL non-MU MIMO transmission in a 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, or 242-tone RU is shown.

[0282] See Figure 13 , for the bit stream input to the transmitter block diagram, 1) perform pre-FEC PHY padding, 2) perform scrambling operation, 3) perform BCC coding, and 4) perform post-FEC PHY padding, 5) perform a stream parsing operation that maps the coded bits to a specific spatial stream, 6) perform BCC interleaving for each spatial stream, 7) perform constellation mapping for each spatial stream, and modulation symbols may be generated.

[0283] The dual-carrier modulation (DCM) tone mapper, which is part of the constellation mapper, is applied only when DCM is indicated for the RU. A subset of these transmitter block diagrams (including the constellation mapper and CSD block) and the blocks to the right of the space mapper block are also used to generate the HE-LTF field or HE-STF field.

[0284] Figure 14 An example of a block diagram of a transmitter that generates a data field of a HE PPDU using LDPC coding is shown.

[0285] Figure 14 A block diagram of a transmitter that generates a data field of a HE PPDU that is applied with low - density parity - check (LDPC) coding and capable of UL transmission or DL non - MU MIMO transmission in a 26 - tone RU, 52 - tone RU, 106 - tone RU, 242 - tone RU, 484 - tone RU, or 996 - tone RU is shown.

[0286] See Figure 14 , for the bitstream input to the transmitter block diagram, 1) perform pre - FEC PHY padding, 2) perform scrambling operation, 3) perform LDPC coding, and 4) perform post - FEC PHY padding, 5) perform a stream parsing operation that maps the coded bits to specific spatial streams, 6) perform constellation mapping for each spatial stream, 7) LDPC tone mapping may be performed on the modulation symbols generated based on the constellation mapping.

[0287] Figure 14 The transmitter block diagram of

[0288] Since Figure 13 and Figure 14 's transmitter block diagram has no segment parser, the above operations are performed for one frequency segment. However, if needed, segment parsing to divide the frequency segment can be performed by adding a segment parser after the stream parser in the transmitter block diagram of Figure 13 and Figure 14 . Thus, BCC interleaving, constellation mapping, or LDPC tone mapping can be performed for each frequency segment (for each RU in a multi - RU).

[0289] In addition, in HE MU transmission, except that cyclic shift diversity (CSD) is performed knowing the starting index of the space - time stream of that user, the PPDU coding processor uses the resource unit (RU) independently. All user data of the RU is combined and mapped to the transmission chain of the space mapping block.

[0290] Constellation mapping will be described below.

[0291] Constellation mapping refers to the mapping of the input bits of a constellation mapper to complex constellation points for binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), and 256-QAM. That is, the constellation mapper can map the bits from the output of the stream parser or the segment parser (if present) to complex constellation points according to the modulation scheme.

[0292] The DCM scheme can be applied only to the data field and / or the SIG-B field of the HE PPDU. Additionally, the DCM scheme can be used or not used in the transmitting device (optional feature).

[0293] A more detailed description of the DCM scheme for 11ax is as follows.

[0294] DCM is an optional modulation scheme for the HE-SIG-B and data fields. DCM can be applied to HE SU PPDUs and HE ER SU PPDUs. In HE MU PPDUs or HE TB PPDUs, DCM can be applied to the RUs that include data for one user and cannot be applied to the RUs that include data for multiple users.

[0295] DCM can be applied only to HE-MCS 0, 1, 3, and 4. DCM can be applied only when N SS = 1 or N SS = 2 (in the case of single-user RUs in HE MU PPDUs, N SS ,r,u = 1 or N SS ,r,u = 2). DCM cannot be applied together with MU-MIMO or STBC.

[0296] When using DCM, a bit sequence is mapped to a symbol pair (d′ k ,d′ q(k) ). To use frequency diversity for RUs of 996 tones or less, the range of k is 0 <= k <= N SD - 1, and the range of q(k) is N SD <= q(k) <= 2N SD - 1. For 2x996-tone RUs, the range of k is 0 <= k <= N SD / 2 - 1, and the range of q(k) is N SD / 2 <= q(k) <= N SD - 1. To maximize frequency diversity, for RUs of 996 tones or less, the index of the DCM subcarrier pair (k, q(k)) is q(k) = k + N SD , and for 2x996-tone RUs, q(k) = k + N SD / 2. Here, when DCM = 1, N SDis given the value of N SD And when DCM = 0, N SD is given half of the value of N SD .

[0297] The modulation bits to which DCM is applied can be described as follows.

[0298] For BPSK modulation using DCM, the input stream is divided into groups of N CBPS or N CBPS，u bits Each bit B k is BPSK - modulated to a sample d′ k . This generates samples for the lower half of the data sub - carriers. For the upper half of the sub - carriers, the samples are generated as k = 0, 1,..., N SD - 1. Here, N SD refers to N in the case of DCM = 1 SD , which is half of the value of N in the case of DCM = 0 SD .

[0299] For QPSK modulation using DCM, the input stream is divided into groups of N CBPS or N CBPS，u bits Each pair of bits (B 2k , B 2k+1 ) is QPSK - modulated to a symbol d′ k . This generates the constellation points for the lower half of the data sub - carriers in the RU. For the upper half of the data sub - carriers in the RU, where conj() represents the complex conjugate operation. Here, N SD refers to N in the case of DCM = 1 SD , which is half of the value of N in the case of DCM = 0 SD .

[0300] For 16 - QAM modulation using DCM, the input stream is divided into groups of N CBPS or N CBPS，u bits Groups of 4 bits (B 4k , B 4k+1 , B 4k+2 , B 4k+3 ) are 16 - QAM - modulated to a sample d′ k , as described in 17.3.5.8 (Sub - carrier modulation mapping). This is the sample on sub - carrier k in the lower half. In the upper half, samples are generated by 16 - QAM modulating the bits (B 4k , B 4k+1 , B4k+2 , B 4k+3 ) by permutation to obtain the samples on subcarrier k + N SD Specifically, by applying the 16 - QAM modulation process in 18.3.4.8 to the bit groups (B 4k+1 , B 4k , B 4k+3 , B4 k+2 ), the Here, N SD refers to N in the case of DCM = 1, which is half of the value of N in the case of DCM = 0 SD . SD

[0301] Next, LDPC tone mapping will be described.

[0302] LDPC tone mapping should be performed in all LDPC - coded streams by using the LDPC tone mapping distance parameter D TM . D TM is constant for each bandwidth and is assigned a value for each frequency band as follows. The BCC should not be used to perform LDPC tone mapping on the coded stream.

[0303]

[0304] For VHT PPDU transmission, as follows, LDPC tone mapping for the LDPC - coded stream related to user u can be performed by replacing the complex stream generated by the constellation mapper.

[0305] d″ t(k)，i，n，l，u = d′ k，i，n，l，u ; k = 0, 1,..., N SD-1 , for 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and 80 + 80MHz;

[0306] For 160MHz;

[0307] i = 1,..., N SS，u ;

[0308] n = 0, 1,..., N SYM - 1;

[0309] l = 0, for 20MHz, 40MHz, and 80MHz

[0310] l = 0, 1, for 160MHz and 80 + 80MHz;

[0311] u = 0,..., N user - 1 ​​

[0312] Among them

[0313] As a result of the LDPC tone mapping operation, two consecutively generated complex constellation numbers d′ may be sent from two data tones respectively k,i,n,l,u and d′ k+1,i,n,l,u Each of them has a data tone interval of at least D TM -1. For example, d′ k,i,n,l,u can be sent from the first data tone, d′ k+1,i,n,l,u can be sent from the second data tone, and the first data tone and the second data tone can be separated by D TM -1. The above operation is the same as performing block interleaving on the complex numbers d′ TM using a matrix with D SD rows and N TM / D SD columns (for 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 80 + 80 MHz) or N TM / 2*D 0,i,n,l,u ,..., d′ NSD-1,i,n,,u At this time, d′ 0,i,n,l,u ,..., d′ NSD-1,i,n,l,u is written row by row in the matrix, and d′ 0,i,n,l,u ,..., d′ NSD-1,i,n,l,u is read column by column from the matrix.

[0314] Perform LDPC tone mapping for the upper 80 MHz and the lower 80 MHz transmitted at 160 MHz or 80 + 80 MHz indicated by the frequency sub-block index 1 respectively.

[0315] Since LDPC tone mapping is not performed on the BCC compiled stream, the following equation can be applied to the BCC compiled stream.

[0316] d″ k，i，n，l，u = d′ k，i，n，l，u ; k = 0, 1,..., N SD -1, for 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 80 + 80 MHz;

[0317] For 160 MHz;

[0318] i = 1,..., N SS，u ;

[0319] n = 0, 1,..., N SYM -1;

[0320] l = 0, for 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz

[0321] l = 0, 1, for 160 MHz and 80 + 80 MHz;

[0322] u = 0,..., N user -1

[0323] In addition, LDPC tone mapping should be performed in all LDPC encoded streams mapped to resource units (RUs). LDPC tone mapping should not be performed for streams using BCC. When DCM is applied to an LDPC encoded stream, D TM_DCM should be applied to the lower half data subcarriers of the RU and the upper half data subcarriers of the RU. The LDPC tone mapping distance parameter D TM and D TM_DCM is constant for each of the RU size and another RU size.

[0324]

[0325] The LDPC tone mapping distance parameter D TM and D TM_DCM are applied to frequency sub-block l = 0 and frequency sub-block l = 1 respectively.

[0326] For an HE PPDU without DCM, in the r-th RU, LDPC tone mapping of the LDPC encoded stream associated with user u can be performed by replacing the complex stream generated by the constellation mapper as follows.

[0327] d″ t(k)，i，n，l，r，u = d′ k，i，n，l，r，u

[0328] where

[0329]

[0330] i = 1,..., N SS，r，u

[0331] n = 0, 1,..., N SYM -1

[0332]

[0333] u = 0,..., N user，r -1

[0334] r = 0,..., N RU -1

[0335] N SD is the number of data tones in the r-th RU

[0336]

[0337] For an HE PPDU with DCM applied in the data field, in the r-th RU, as shown below, the LDPC tone mapping for the LDPC coding stream related to user u can be performed by replacing the complex streams generated by the constellation mapper.

[0338] d″ t(k)，i，n，l，r，u = d′ k，i，n，l，r，u

[0339] where

[0340]

[0341] i = 1,..., N SS，r，u

[0342] n = 0, 1,..., N SYM -1

[0343]

[0344] u = 0,..., N user，r -1

[0345] r = 0,..., N RU -1

[0346] N SD is the number of data tones in the r-th RU in the case where DCM is applied

[0347] For RUs of 26 tones, 52 tones, 106 tones, 242 tones, 484 tones, and 996 tones

[0348]

[0349] For 2x996-tone RUs

[0350]

[0351] D TM_DCM is the LDPC tone mapping distance for the r-th RU in the case where DCM is applied.

[0352] The LDPC tone mappers for 26 tones, 52 tones, 106 tones, 242 tones, 484 tones, and 996 tones are defined as one segment. LDPC tone mapping is performed separately for the upper 80 MHz and lower 80 MHz frequency segments of the 2x996-tone RU indicated by the frequency sub-block index 1.

[0353] Since LDPC tone mapping is not performed on the BCC coding stream, the following equation can be applied to the BCC coding stream.

[0354] d″ k，i，n，l，r，u = d′ k，i，n，l，r，i

[0355] wherein

[0356]

[0357] i = 1, ..., N SS，r，u

[0358] n = 0, 1, ..., N SYM -1

[0359]

[0360] u = 0, ..., N user，r -1

[0361] r = 0, ..., N RU -1

[0362] 4. STF sequence (or STF signal)

[0363] The main purpose of the HE-STF field is to improve the automatic gain control estimation in MIMO transmission.

[0364] Figure 15 Shows the 1x HE-STF tones in per-channel PPDU transmission according to the present disclosure. Specifically Figure 15 Shows an example of HE-STF tones (i.e., 16-tone sampling) with a period of 0.8 μs in 20 MHz / 40 MHz / 80 MHz bandwidths. Thus, in Figure 15 each bandwidth (or channel), the HE-STF tones can be positioned at 16-tone intervals.

[0365] In Figure 15 the x-axis represents the frequency domain. The numbers on the x-axis represent the tone indices, and the arrows represent the mapping of non-zero values (i.e., non-zero values) to the corresponding tone indices.

[0366] Subplot (a) shows an example of 1x HE-STF tones in 20 MHz PPDU transmission.

[0367] Referring to sub - figure (a), in the case of mapping the HE - STF sequence with a period of 0.8 μs (i.e., 1x HE - STF sequence) to a 20 - MHz channel, among the tones in the tone index range from - 112 to 112, 1x HE - STF is mapped to the tones whose tone indices are divisible by 16 (i.e., multiples of 16). Then, 0 can be mapped to the remaining tones. More specifically, in a 20 - MHz channel, among the tones in the tone index range from - 112 to 112, the 1x HE - STF tones can be located according to the tone indices divisible by 16, excluding DC. Therefore, there can be a total of 14 1x HE - STF tones to which the 1x HE - STF sequence is mapped in a 20 - MHz channel.

[0368] Sub - figure (b) shows an example of 1x HE - STF tones in 40 - MHz PPDU transmission.

[0369] Referring to sub - figure (b), in the case of mapping the HE - STF sequence with a period of 0.8 μs (i.e., 1x HE - STF sequence) to a 40 - MHz channel, among the tones in the tone index range from - 240 to 240, 1x HE - STF is mapped to the tones whose tone indices are divisible by 16 (i.e., multiples of 16). Then, 0 can be mapped to the remaining tones. More specifically, in a 40 - MHz channel, among the tones in the tone index range from - 240 to 240, the 1x HE - STF tones can be located according to the tone indices divisible by 16, excluding DC. Therefore, there can be a total of 30 1x HE - STF tones to which the 1x HE - STF sequence is mapped in a 40 - MHz channel.

[0370] Sub - figure (c) illustrates an example of 1x HE - STF tones in 80 - MHz PPDU transmission.

[0371] Referring to sub - figure (c), in the case of mapping the HE - STF sequence with a period of 0.8 μs (i.e., 1x HE - STF sequence) to an 80 - MHz channel, among the tones in the tone index range from - 496 to 496, 1x HE - STF is mapped to the tones whose tone indices are divisible by 16 (i.e., multiples of 16). Then, 0 can be mapped to the remaining tones. More specifically, in an 80 - MHz channel, among the tones in the tone index range from - 496 to 496, the 1x HE - STF tones can be located according to the tone indices divisible by 16, excluding DC. Therefore, there can be a total of 62 1x HE - STF tones to which the 1x HE - STF sequence is mapped in an 80 - MHz channel.

[0372] 5. Embodiments applicable to the present disclosure

[0373] The WLAN 802.11 system considers using a wider bandwidth or more antennas than the existing 11ax to transmit additional streams in order to increase the peak throughput. Additionally, this specification also considers methods of aggregating and using various frequency bands.

[0374] This specification proposes phase rotation, which is additionally applied to the data part in the case of replicated transmission to increase the transmission range in the 6GHz LPI (Low Power Indoor) system.

[0375] In Figure 10 The representative structure of the 802.11be PPDU (EHT PPDU) is shown. The U-SIG consists of a version-independent field and a version-dependent field. Additionally, the U-SIG consists of two symbols, which are jointly encoded, and each 20MHz consists of 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones. Furthermore, the U-SIG is modulated in the same way as the HE-SIG-A. That is, the U-SIG is modulated by BPSK with a 1 / 2 code rate. Additionally, the EHT-SIG can be encoded with variable MCS and can have a 1 2 1 2… structure, as in the existing 11ax, or have other structures (such as 1 2 3 4… or 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4… structures). Additionally, the EHT-SIG can be configured in units of 80MHz, and in a bandwidth of 80MHz or higher, the EHT-SIG can be replicated in units of 80Hz.

[0376] Meanwhile, 802.11be can support a low-power indoor environment in a wide area of 6GHz. In this case, the data part can be repeatedly transmitted to obtain more reliable performance. Additionally, 802.11be supports 20 / 40 / 80 / 160 / 80+80 / 320 / 160+160MHz (additionally 240 / 160 / 80MHz), and the data can be replicated and transmitted in a specific bandwidth. In this specification, this type of transmission is referred to as replicated transmission, and other names can be used in practice. When considering 80MHz transmission, a PPDU configuration for replicated transmission is proposed and can be simply shown as Figure 16 shown.

[0377] Figure 16 An example of replicating data for each 40MHz when transmitting an 80MHz PPDU is shown.

[0378] In this specification, this type of transmission is referred to as copy transmission, and other names can be used in practice. Copy transmission can be used only for i) 80 / 160 / 80+80 / 320 / 160+160 MHz PPDU transmission, ii) only for MCS0 or MCS0+DCM, and iii) only for 1 stream. iv) It can be limited to SU transmission, and v) puncturing may not be applied.

[0379] The same data can be simply repeated in two blocks ( Figure 16 each 40 MHz data section in), but to improve performance, the constellations can be different. For example, assume that except for the pilots in the first and second blocks, the number of subcarriers into which data is inserted is N, and the constellation in each subcarrier of the first block is d_1, N (N = 0 to N-1). At this time, the constellation in the second block can be defined as follows.

[0380] d_2,n = d_1,n * exp(j * n * π) (n = 0 to N-1, k = 1 or -1 or other integers)

[0381] In the specification, when considering copy transmission in the case of 80 / 160 / 80+80 / 240 / 160 / 80 / 320 / 160+160 MHz, it is proposed to apply phase rotation to the data section to reduce PAPR.

[0382] 5.1 80 MHz

[0383] The configuration of the actual data section can be proposed in various ways. Figure 17 is the tone plan of 802.11be 80 MHz, and based on this, the configuration of the data section will be proposed.

[0384] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram showing the tone plan of the 80 MHz band defined in 802.11be.

[0385] In this specification, it is proposed to configure the data section in a new 80 MHz tone plan as shown in Figure 17 or a repeated tone plan based on the 80 MHz tone plan. In the Figure 17 tone plan, the 2x242-tone RU of each 40 MHz segment can be regarded as a 484-tone RU, and the 996-tone RU can be the same as the 996-tone RU of the existing 11ax.

[0386] <Method 1>

[0387] There are two 484RU, and the data of each 484RU can be replicated. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 484RU with high frequency (or the 40MHz part with high frequency). Multiplying by 1 may be desirable, which is equivalent to simple repetition and may be advantageous from the perspective of PAPR and implementation.

[0388] Alternatively, after simply replicating the data part, the same phase rotation as that applied to the traditional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG of the 40MHz bandwidth can be applied to the data part of the 40MHz part with low or high frequency (only one of the two). The corresponding sequence is [1 j], and in the data part of the 40MHz part with low or high frequency, 1 is the value multiplied by the lower 20MHz part, and j is the value multiplied by the higher 20MHz part. Alternatively, a sequence of [1 -1] or [-1 1] can be used, and this sequence exhibits better performance in terms of PAPR. [1 -1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 20MHz part with high frequency by -1 in the 40MHz data part with low or high frequency after simply replicating the data part. [-1 1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 20MHz part with low frequency by -1 in the 40MHz data part with low or high frequency after simply replicating the data part. That is, a phase rotation of -1 can be applied only to one 20MHz part among all 80MHz data parts, and it may be advantageous in terms of implementation and PAPR.

[0389] The same phase rotation as that applied to the traditional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG of the 80MHz bandwidth can be applied to the entire 80MHz data part. The corresponding sequence is [1 -1 -1 -1], and each coefficient can be multiplied in sequence starting from the lowest 20MHz of the data part.

[0390] <Method 2>

[0391] By dividing 996RU into two, the data of the low-frequency 498 subcarriers (including pilot subcarriers) and the high-frequency 498 subcarriers (including pilot subcarriers) can be replicated. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 498 subcarriers with high frequency (or the 40MHz part with high frequency). Multiplying by 1 may be desirable, which is equivalent to simple repetition and may be advantageous from the perspective of PAPR and implementation.

[0392] Alternatively, after simply copying the data portion, the phase rotation applied to the conventional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG for a 40 MHz bandwidth can be applied to the data portion of the 40 MHz portion with either low or high frequency (only one of the two). The corresponding sequence is [1j], and among the data portions of the 40 MHz portion with low or high frequency, 1 is the value multiplied with the lower 20 MHz portion, and j is the value multiplied with the higher 20 MHz portion. Alternatively, a sequence of [1 -1] or [-1 1] can be used, and this sequence exhibits better performance in terms of PAPR. [1 -1] is equivalent to, after simply copying the data portion, multiplying only the 20 MHz portion with high frequency by -1 in the 40 MHz data portion with low or high frequency. [-1 1] is equivalent to, after simply copying the data portion, multiplying only the 20 MHz portion with low frequency by -1 in the 40 MHz data portion with low or high frequency. That is, the phase rotation of -1 can be applied only to one 20 MHz portion among all 80 MHz data portions, and it may be advantageous in terms of implementation and PAPR.

[0393] Alternatively, after simply copying the data portion, the phase rotation applied to the conventional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG for an 80 MHz bandwidth can be applied to the entire 80 MHz data portion. The corresponding sequence is [1 -1 -1 -1], and each coefficient can be multiplied sequentially starting from the lowest 20 MHz of the data portion.

[0394] 5.2.160 / 80+80MHz

[0395] There are two 996 RUs, and each 996 RU data can be copied. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 996 RU with high frequency (or the 40 MHz portion with high frequency). Multiplying by 1 may be desirable, which is equivalent to simple repetition and may be advantageous from the perspective of PAPR and implementation.

[0396] Alternatively, after simply copying the data portion, the phase rotation applied to the conventional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG for an 80 MHz bandwidth can be applied to the data portion of the 80 MHz portion with either low or high frequency (only one of the two). The corresponding sequence is [1 -1 -1 -1], and in the data portion of the 80 MHz portion with either low or high frequency, it can be multiplied sequentially from the lower 20 MHz portion to the higher 20 MHz portion. There are multiple sequences with similar performance, such as [1 1 1 -1], [1 1 -1 1], [1 -1 1 1], [-1 1 1 1], [-1 1 -1 -1], [-1 -1 1 -1], [-1 -1 -1 1], etc., but because of the similar performance, it may be advantageous to use the previously implemented [1 -1 -1 -1] in terms of implementation.

[0397] Alternatively, after simply copying the data portion, the data portion of the 80 MHz portion with either low or high frequency (only one of the two) can be multiplied sequentially from the lower 20 MHz portion by the following sequences: [1 1 -1 -1], [1 -1 1 -1], [1 -1 -1 1], [-1 1 1 -1], [-1 1 -1 1], [-1 -1 1 1]. These sequences may be advantageous in terms of PAPR. Among them, [1 1 -1 -1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 40 MHz portion with high frequency by -1 in the 80 MHz data portion with either low or high frequency after simply copying the data portion. [-1 -1 1 1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 40 Hz portion with low frequency in the 80 MHz data portion with either low or high frequency after simply copying the data portion. Therefore, it may be advantageous to apply [1 1 -1 -1] or [-1 -1 1 1] in terms of implementation and PAPR. In other words, in the entire 160 MHz data portion, the phase rotation of -1 can be applied only to one of the four 40 MHz portions.

[0398] The preamble portion can be configured in the manner defined in the entire bandwidth used for replication transmission, but similar to the data portion, the entire preamble portion can be copied. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be applied to the 80 MHz portion with high frequency of the preamble portion. For example, the 80 MHz EHT-LTF sequence can be copied, and a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 80 MHz portion with high frequency. Multiplying by 1 may be preferable, which is equivalent to simple repetition and may be advantageous from the perspectives of PAPR and implementation.

[0399] Alternatively, the phase rotation applied to the conventional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG for an 80 MHz bandwidth can be applied to the preamble part of the 80 MHz section with either low or high frequency (only one of the two). The corresponding sequence is [1 -1 -1 -1], and among the preamble parts of the 80 MHz section with either low or high frequency, it can be multiplied in sequence from the lower 20 MHz part to the higher 20 MHz part. There are multiple sequences with similar performance, such as [1 1 1 -1], [1 1 -1 1], [1 -1 1 1], [-1 1 1 1], [-1 1 -1 -1], [-1 -1 1 -1], [-1 -1 -1 1], etc., but because of the similar performance, it may be advantageous to use the previously implemented [1 -1 -1 -1] in terms of implementation.

[0400] Alternatively, the preamble part of the 80 MHz section with either low or high frequency (only one of the two) can be sequentially multiplied by the following sequences from the lower 20 MHz part. [1 1 -1 -1], [1 -1 1 -1], [1 -1 -1 1], [-1 1 1 -1], [-1 1 -1 1], [-1 -1 1 1]. Among them, [1 1 -1 -1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 40 MHz part with high frequency by -1 among the 80 MHz preamble parts with either low or high frequency. [-1 -1 1 1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 40 MHz part with low frequency by -1 among the 80 MHz preamble parts with either low or high frequency. Therefore, it may be advantageous to apply [1 1 -1 -1] or [-1 -1 1 1] in terms of implementation and PAPR. In other words, in the entire 160 MHz preamble part, the phase rotation of -1 can be applied only to one of the four 40 MHz parts.

[0401] 5.3.2 40 / 160 + 80 MHz

[0402] There are three 996 RUs, and the data of each 996 RU can be configured in the same way. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 996 RUs except for the 996 RU with the lowest frequency (or to the 80 MHz section except for the 80 MHz section with the lowest frequency). From the perspective of PAPR, it may be desirable to apply the following phase rotation sequence from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency in units of 80 MHz.

[0403] [1 1 -1] or [1 -1 -1]

[0404] The preamble can be configured in a manner defined across the entire bandwidth used for duplicate transmission, but the entire preamble can be repeated in the same way as the data part. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be applied to the 80 MHz portions of the preamble other than the 80 MHz portion with the lowest frequency. For example, the 80 MHz EHT-LTF sequence can be duplicated, and a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 80 MHz portion with higher frequency. The phase rotation sequence can be applied in the same way as the phase rotation sequence applied to the data part.

[0405] 5.4.320 / 160 + 160 MHz

[0406] <Method 1>

[0407] There are four 996 RUs, and the data for each 996 RU can be configured in the same way. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 996 RUs other than the 996 RU with the lowest frequency (or applied to the 80 MHz portions other than the 80 MHz portion with the lowest frequency). From the perspective of PAPR, it may be desirable to apply the following phase rotation sequence in 80 MHz units from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency.

[0408] [1 1 1 -1] or [1 1 -1 1] or [1 -1 1 1] or [1 -1 -1 -1]

[0409] The preamble can be configured in a manner defined across the entire bandwidth used for duplicate transmission, but the entire preamble can be repeated in the same way as the data part. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be applied to the 80 MHz portions of the preamble other than the 80 MHz portion with the lowest frequency. For example, the 80 MHz EHT-LTF sequence can be duplicated, and a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 80 MHz portion with higher frequency. The phase rotation sequence can be applied in the same way as the phase rotation sequence applied to the data part.

[0410] <Method 2>

[0411] There are two 2x996 RUs, and the data for each 2x996 RU can be duplicated. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 2x996 RU with higher frequency (or applied to the 160 MHz portion with higher frequency). Multiplying by 1 may be desirable, which is equivalent to simple repetition and may be beneficial from the perspectives of PAPR and implementation.

[0412] Alternatively, after simply copying the data portion, the phase rotation applied to the conventional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG for a 160 MHz bandwidth can be applied to the data portion of the 160 MHz portion with either low frequency or high frequency (only one of the two). The corresponding sequence is [1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1], and in the data portion of the 160 MHz portion with either low frequency or high frequency, it can be multiplied in sequence from the lower 20 MHz portion to the higher 20 MHz portion.

[0413] Alternatively, after simply copying the data portion, the data portion of the 160 MHz portion with either low frequency or high frequency (only one of the two) can be multiplied in order from the lower 20 MHz portion by the following sequences: [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1], [-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1]. These sequences may be advantageous in terms of PAPR. Among them, [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 80 MHz portion with high frequency in the 160 MHz data portion with either low frequency or high frequency after simply copying the data portion. [-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 80 MHz portion with low frequency in the 160 MHz data portion with either low frequency or high frequency after simply copying the data portion. Therefore, applying [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1] or [-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1] may be advantageous in terms of implementation and PAPR. In other words, in the entire 320 MHz data portion, the phase rotation of -1 can be applied only to one of the four 80 MHz portions.

[0414] The preamble portion can be configured in the manner defined in the entire bandwidth used for replication transmission, but the entire preamble portion can be copied like the data portion. In this case, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be applied to the 160 MHz portion with high frequency of the preamble portion. For example, the 160 MHz EHT-LTF sequence can be copied, and a phase rotation of 1 or -1 or j or -j can be additionally applied to the 160 MHz portion with high frequency. Multiplying by 1 may be desirable, which is equivalent to simple repetition and may be advantageous from the perspectives of PAPR and implementation.

[0415] Alternatively, the phase rotation applied to the conventional preamble, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG for a 160 MHz bandwidth can be applied to the preamble portion of the 160 MHz portion with either low or high frequency (only one of the two). The corresponding sequence is [1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1], and in the preamble portion of the 160 MHz portion with either low or high frequency, it can be multiplied sequentially from the lower 20 MHz portion to the upper 20 MHz portion.

[0416] Alternatively, the preamble portion of the 160 MHz portion with either low or high frequency (only one of the two) can be multiplied in order from the lower 20 MHz portion by the following sequences: [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1], [-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1]. These sequences can be advantageous in terms of PAPR. Among them, [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 80 MHz portion with high frequency by -1 in the 160 MHz preamble portion with either low or high frequency. [-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1] is equivalent to multiplying only the 80 MHz portion with low frequency by -1 in the 160 MHz preamble portion with either low or high frequency. Therefore, applying [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1] or [-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1] may be advantageous in terms of implementation and PAPR. In other words, in the entire 320 MHz preamble portion, the phase rotation of -1 can be applied only to one of the four 80 MHz portions.

[0417] It may be desirable to use the preamble portion defined in the corresponding bandwidth without replication.

[0418] The phase rotation method applied to the proposed data portion in each of the above bandwidths can be applied to include pilot tones and data tones, or can be applied only to the data tones that do not include pilot tones. From the perspective of PAPR, the former is advantageous, but the latter may be easier depending on the implementation.

[0419] Figure 18 is a flowchart showing the operation of the transmitting device / equipment according to this embodiment.

[0420] can be based on Figure 18 the example to transmit the above STF sequence (i.e., EHT-STF / EHTS sequence).

[0421] can be performed by the transmitting device (AP and / or non-AP STA) Figure 18 the example.

[0422] can be skipped / omitted Figure 18Part of the steps of each step of the example (or the detailed sub-steps described below).

[0423] In step S1810, the transmitting device may obtain control information for the STF sequence. For example, the transmitting device may obtain information related to the bandwidth applied to the STF sequence (e.g., 80 / 160 / 240 / 320 MHz). Additionally / alternatively, the transmitting device may obtain information related to the characteristics applied to the STF sequence (e.g., information indicating the generation of 1x, 2x, or 4x sequences).

[0424] In step S1820, the transmitting device may configure or generate a control signal / field (e.g., an EHT-STF signal / field) based on the obtained control information (e.g., information related to the bandwidth).

[0425] Step S1820 may include more specific sub-steps.

[0426] For example, step S1820 may further include selecting one STF sequence from multiple STF sequences based on the control information obtained through step S1810.

[0427] Additionally / alternatively, step S1820 may further include performing power boosting.

[0428] Step S1820 may also be referred to as the step of generating a sequence.

[0429] In step S1830, the transmitting device may send the signal / field / sequence configured in step S1820 to the receiving device based on step S1830.

[0430] Step S1820 may include more specific sub-steps.

[0431] For example, the transmitting device may perform a phase rotation step. Specifically, the transmitting device may perform a phase rotation step on the sequence generated through step S1820 in units of 20 MHz*N (N = integer).

[0432] Additionally / alternatively, the transmitting device may perform at least one of CSD, spatial mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, GI insertion, etc.

[0433] It can be in the form of Figure 10 to send the signal / field / sequence constructed according to this specification.

[0434] Figure 19 is a flowchart showing the operation of the receiving device according to this embodiment.

[0435] It can be based on Figure 19Examples are used to send the above STF sequence (i.e., EHT-STF / EHTS sequence).

[0436] It can be executed by a receiving device / equipment (AP and / or non-AP STA). Figure 19 Examples.

[0437] It can be skipped / omitted. Figure 19 Part of each step (or the detailed sub-steps described below) of the example can be skipped.

[0438] In step S1910, the receiving device / equipment can receive a signal / field including an STF sequence (i.e., EHT-STF / EHTS sequence) in step S1910. The received signal can be in the form of Figure 10 Form.

[0439] The sub-steps of step S1910 can be determined based on step S1830. That is, in step S1910, operations can be performed to recover the results of the phase rotation CSD, spatial mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, and GI insertion operations applied in step S1830.

[0440] In step S1910, the STF sequence can perform various functions, such as detecting the time / frequency synchronization of the signal or estimating the AGC gain.

[0441] In step S1920, the receiving device / equipment can decode the received signal based on the STF sequence.

[0442] For example, step S1920 can include decoding the data field of the PPDU including the STF sequence. That is, the receiving device / equipment can decode the signal included in the data field of the successfully received PPDU based on the STF sequence.

[0443] In step S1930, the receiving device / equipment can process the data decoded in step S1920.

[0444] For example, in step S1920, the receiving device / equipment can perform a processing operation of passing the decoded data to a higher layer (e.g., MAC layer). Additionally, when a signal generation is indicated from the upper layer to the PHY layer in response to the data passed to the upper layer, subsequent operations can be performed.

[0445] Refer to the following Figures 1 to 19 To describe the above embodiments.

[0446] Figure 20 It is a flowchart showing the procedure of sending a PPDU by a transmitting STA according to this embodiment.

[0447] It can be executed in a network environment that supports the next-generation WLAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN system). Figure 20 Examples of the next-generation wireless LAN system are enhanced WLAN systems from the 802.11ax system and thus can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system.

[0448] Figure 20 Examples of are executed by a transmitting STA, and the transmitting STA can correspond to an access point (AP). Figure 20 The receiving STA of can correspond to an STA that supports the extremely high throughput (EHT) WLAN system.

[0449] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for replicating and transmitting data in order to increase the transmission distance in EHT PPDU transmission. The 802.11be wireless LAN system can support transmission in an indoor environment with low power in a 6 GHz wideband. Therefore, in order to obtain more reliable performance, a method of repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain in an EHT PPDU is proposed.

[0450] In step S2010, a transmitting station (STA) generates a physical protocol data unit (PPDU).

[0451] In step S2020, the transmitting STA sends the PPDU to the receiving STA through a first frequency band.

[0452] The PPDU can be an extremely high throughput (EHT) PPDU that supports the 802.11be wireless LAN system. The PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. The preamble is a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG), a universal signal (U-SIG), an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF.

[0453] The first frequency band includes a first sub-block to a fourth sub-block. The first sub-block to the fourth sub-block can be arranged in ascending order of frequency. The data field includes first data for the first sub-block and the second sub-block and second data for the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block. The second data is generated based on the data obtained by replicating the first data and applying a phase rotation to the third sub-block. The phase rotation value applied to the third sub-block is -1. No phase rotation is applied to the remaining sub-blocks, i.e., the first sub-block, the second sub-block, and the fourth sub-block (or simply multiplied by 1).

[0454] That is to say, in the entire frequency band (the first frequency band), the data field is divided into two partial frequency bands, and the data field is configured with replicated (or repeated) data for each partial frequency band (assuming the same size). The above transmission method can be called replicated transmission. In this case, by applying phase rotation to the data of the sub-block with the third lowest frequency in the entire frequency band to send the PPDU, even for a long-distance transmission, the effect of obtaining reliable performance can be achieved.

[0455] To perform replicated transmission, the following conditions must be met. First, the first data can be generated by performing constellation mapping on the encoded data bits based on binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual-carrier modulation (DCM) in the first sub-block and the second sub-block. That is to say, constellation mapping can be performed on the encoded data bits based on BPSK and DCM.

[0456] If the encoded data bits are modulated based on the first modulation and coding scheme (MCS), the first MCS as the modulation scheme applying BPSK and DCM can be called EHT-MCS 14. In this case, EHT-MCS 14 can be called the MCS defined for replicated transmission. In this case, the coding rate can be 1 / 2. Information about the first MCS can be included in the user field of the EHT-SIG. The PPDU can be a single-user (SU) PPDU supporting a single spatial stream (Nss = 1).

[0457] Traditionally, after the encoded data bit stream (or bit stream), data bits can be allocated to each specific sub-block. The encoded data bits can be allocated to each specific sub-block based on a segment parser or in an implementation method without a segment parser. For example, the first data bits can be allocated to the first sub-block and the second sub-block, and the second data bits can be allocated to the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block. For each specific sub-block, the allocated data bits can be subjected to constellation mapping, LDPC tone mapping, and pilot insertion.

[0458] However, in this embodiment, only the encoded data bits are allocated to the first sub-block and the second sub-block, constellation mapping (or constellation mapping and LDPC tone mapping) is performed on the encoded data bits allocated to the first sub-block and the second sub-block (based on BPSK and DCM), the constellation-mapped data is replicated as it is in the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block, and a method including applying phase rotation only to the data of the third sub-block is proposed. That is to say, only the encoded data bits are allocated to the first sub-block and the second sub-block, constellation mapping (or low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapping) is performed on the encoded data bits in the first sub-block and the second sub-block based on BPSK and DCM, and the second data can be obtained by replicating the constellation-mapped (or LDPC tone-mapped) data and applying phase rotation to the third sub-block.

[0459] After generating the first data, the first pilot tone for the first data can be inserted into the first sub-block and the second sub-block. After generating the second data, the second pilot tone for the second data can be inserted into the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block. However, phase rotation may not be applied to the first pilot tone and the second pilot tone.

[0460] This embodiment proposes a method of transmitting data by replicating data when transmitting at 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz, but phase rotation is only applied to the third lowest sub-block (partial frequency band) in the entire frequency band (the first frequency band). That is, data replication is performed by treating the entire frequency band as four sub-blocks, and the sizes of the four sub-blocks are the same.

[0461] If the first frequency band is an 80 MHz band, the first sub-block can be the first 20 MHz band with the lowest frequency, the second sub-block can be the second 20 MHz band with the second lowest frequency, the third sub-block can have the third 20 MHz band with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth sub-block can be the fourth 20 MHz band with the highest frequency.

[0462] If the first frequency band is a 160 MHz band, the first sub-block can be the first 40 MHz band with the lowest frequency, the second sub-block can be the second 40 MHz band with the second lowest frequency, the third sub-block can have the third 40 MHz band with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth sub-block can be the fourth 40 MHz band with the highest frequency.

[0463] If the first frequency band is a 320 MHz band, the first sub-block can be the first 80 MHz band with the lowest frequency, the second sub-block can be the second 80 MHz band with the second lowest frequency, the third sub-block can have the third 80 MHz band with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth sub-block can be the fourth 80 MHz band with the highest frequency.

[0464] Figure 21 is a flowchart showing the procedure of receiving a PPDU by a receiving STA according to this embodiment.

[0465] It can be executed in a network environment supporting the next-generation WLAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN system) Figure 21 example. The next-generation wireless LAN system is a WLAN system enhanced from the 802.11ax system, so backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system can be satisfied.

[0466] Figure 21 example can be executed by the receiving STA, and the receiving STA can correspond to an STA supporting the extremely high throughput (EHT) WLAN system. Figure 21The transmitting STA can correspond to an access point (AP).

[0467] This embodiment provides a method and apparatus for replicating and transmitting data to increase the transmission distance in EHT PPDU transmission. The 802.11be wireless LAN system can support transmission in a low-power indoor environment using a 6 GHz wideband. Therefore, to obtain more reliable performance, a method of repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain in an EHT PPDU is proposed.

[0468] In step S2110, a receiving station (STA) receives a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA through a first frequency band.

[0469] In step S2120, the receiving STA decodes the PPDU.

[0470] The PPDU can be an extremely high throughput (EHT) PPDU that supports the 802.11be wireless LAN system. The PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. The preamble is a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG), a universal signal (U-SIG), an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF.

[0471] The first frequency band includes a first sub-block to a fourth sub-block. The first sub-block to the fourth sub-block can be arranged in ascending order of frequency. The data field includes first data for the first sub-block and the second sub-block and second data for the third sub-block and the fourth sub-block. The second data is generated based on the data obtained by replicating the first data and applying a phase rotation to the third sub-block. The phase rotation value applied to the third sub-block is -1. No phase rotation is applied to the remaining sub-blocks, i.e., the first sub-block, the second sub-block, and the fourth sub-block (or simply multiplied by 1).

[0472] That is, the data field is divided into two partial frequency bands in the entire frequency band (the first frequency band), and the data field is configured with replicated (or repeated) data for each partial frequency band (assuming the same size). The above transmission method can be called replicated transmission. In this case, by applying a phase rotation to the data of the sub-block with the third lowest frequency in the entire frequency band to transmit the PPDU, even for a long-distance transmission, the effect of obtaining reliable performance can be achieved.

[0473] To perform replicated transmission, the following conditions must be met. First, the first data can be generated by performing constellation mapping on the encoded data bits based on binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual carrier modulation (DCM) in the first sub-block and the second sub-block. That is, constellation mapping can be performed on the encoded data bits based on BPSK and DCM.

[0474] If the coded data bits are modulated based on the first modulation and coding scheme (MCS), the first MCS, which is a modulation scheme applying BPSK and DCM, can be referred to as EHT-MCS 14. In this case, EHT-MCS 14 can be referred to as the MCS defined for replicated transmission. In this case, the coding rate can be 1 / 2. Information about the first MCS can be included in the user field of the EHT-SIG. The PPDU can be a single-user (SU) PPDU supporting a single spatial stream (Nss = 1).

[0475] Traditionally, after the coded data bit stream (or bit stream), data bits can be allocated to each specific sub-block. The coded data bits can be allocated to each specific sub-block based on a segment parser or in an implementation method without a segment parser. For example, the first data bits can be allocated to the first and second sub-blocks, and the second data bits can be allocated to the third and fourth sub-blocks. For each specific sub-block, the allocated data bits can be subjected to constellation mapping, LDPC tone mapping, and pilot insertion.

[0476] However, in this embodiment, only the coded data bits are allocated to the first and second sub-blocks, constellation mapping (or constellation mapping and LDPC tone mapping) is performed on the coded data bits allocated to the first and second sub-blocks (based on BPSK and DCM), the constellation-mapped data is copied as it is in the third and fourth sub-blocks, and a method including applying phase rotation only to the data in the third sub-block is proposed. That is, only the coded data bits are allocated to the first and second sub-blocks, constellation mapping (or low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapping) is performed on the coded data bits in the first and second sub-blocks based on BPSK and DCM, and the second data can be obtained by copying the constellation-mapped (or LDPC tone-mapped) data and applying phase rotation to the third sub-block.

[0477] After generating the first data, the first pilot tone for the first data can be inserted into the first and second sub-blocks. After generating the second data, the second pilot tone for the second data can be inserted into the third and fourth sub-blocks. However, phase rotation may not be applied to the first pilot tone and the second pilot tone.

[0478] This embodiment proposes a method of transmitting data by replicating the data when transmitting at 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz, but applying phase rotation only to the third lowest sub-block (partial band) in the entire frequency band (first band). That is, data replication is performed by treating the entire frequency band as four sub-blocks, and the sizes of the four sub-blocks are the same.

[0479] If the first frequency band is an 80 MHz band, the first sub-block may be the first 20 MHz band with the lowest frequency, the second sub-block may be the second 20 MHz band with the second lowest frequency, the third sub-block may be the third 20 MHz band with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth sub-block may be the fourth 20 MHz band with the highest frequency.

[0480] If the first frequency band is a 160 MHz band, the first sub-block may be the first 40 MHz band with the lowest frequency, the second sub-block may be the second 40 MHz band with the second lowest frequency, the third sub-block may be the third 40 MHz band with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth sub-block may be the fourth 40 MHz band with the highest frequency.

[0481] If the first frequency band is a 320 MHz band, the first sub-block may be the first 80 MHz band with the lowest frequency, the second sub-block may be the second 80 MHz band with the second lowest frequency, the third sub-block may be the third 80 MHz band with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth sub-block may be the fourth 80 MHz band with the highest frequency.

[0482] 6. Device Configuration

[0483] The technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to various devices and methods. For example, it can be implemented / supported by the device(s) of Figure 1 and / or Figure 11 . For example, the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied only to a part of Figure 1 and / or Figure 11 . For example, the technical features of the present disclosure can be implemented based on the processing chip(s) 114 and 124 of Figure 1 , implemented based on the processor(s) 111 and 121 and the memory(ies) 112 and 122, or implemented based on the processor 610 and the memory 620 of Figure 11 . For example, a device according to the present disclosure receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a Station (STA) via a first frequency band and decodes the PPDU.

[0484] The technical features of the present disclosure can be implemented based on a Computer Readable Medium (CRM). For example, the CRM according to the present disclosure is at least one computer readable medium including instructions designed to be executed by at least one processor.

[0485] The CRM may store instructions for performing operations including: receiving a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA via a first frequency band and decoding the PPDU. According to the present disclosure, at least one processor may execute the instructions stored in the CRM. At least one processor associated with the CRM of the present disclosure may beFigure 1 processors 111, 121, Figure 1 processing chips 114, 124, or Figure 11 processor 610. At the same time, the CRM of the present disclosure can be Figure 1 memories 112, 122, Figure 11 memory 620, or a separate external memory / storage medium / disk.

[0486] The foregoing technical features of this specification are applicable to various applications or business models. For example, the foregoing technical features can be applied to the wireless communication of devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0487] Artificial intelligence refers to the research field related to artificial intelligence or methods for creating artificial intelligence, while machine learning refers to the research field related to methods for defining and solving various problems in the field of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves operational performance through a stable operating experience.

[0488] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning and can refer to a model for overall problem-solving, including artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by combining synapses. An artificial neural network can be defined by the connection pattern between neurons in different layers, the learning process of updating model parameters, and the activation function for generating output values.

[0489] An artificial neural network can include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and an artificial neural network can include synapses that connect the neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output the function value of the activation function of the input signal input through synapses, weights, and biases.

[0490] Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning and include the weights of synapse connections and the biases of neurons. Hyperparameters refer to parameters to be set before learning in machine learning algorithms and include the learning rate, the number of iterations, the mini-batch size, and the initialization function.

[0491] Learning an artificial neural network may aim to determine model parameters for minimizing the loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator for determining the optimal model parameters during the process of learning an artificial neural network.

[0492] Machine learning can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0493] Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network using the labels given to the training data. Among them, when the training data is input into the artificial neural network, the labels can indicate the correct answers (or result values) that the artificial neural network needs to infer. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without the labels given to the training data. Reinforcement learning can refer to a training method for training an agent defined in an environment to select actions or sequences of actions to maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0494] Machine learning implemented using a deep neural network (DNN) including multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network is called deep learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is explained to include deep learning.

[0495] The foregoing technical features can be applied to the wireless communication of robots.

[0496] A robot can refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task using its own capabilities. In particular, a robot with the function of recognizing the environment and making autonomous judgments to perform operations can be called an intelligent robot.

[0497] According to the use or field, robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military robots, etc. A robot can include an actuator or a driver including a motor to perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. In addition, a mobile robot can include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. in the driver to travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driver.

[0498] The foregoing technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0499] Extended reality is collectively referred to as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology is a computer graphics technology that only provides real-world objects and backgrounds in CG images. AR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual CG images on real object images, while MR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual objects mixed and combined with the real world.

[0500] MR technology is similar to AR technology in that real objects and virtual objects can be displayed together. However, in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a supplement to real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used in an equal state.

[0501] XR technology can be applied to head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs), mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers, TVs, digital signage, etc. Devices to which XR technology is applied can be called XR devices.

[0502] The claims disclosed in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features in the device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented by a method. In addition, the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented by a method.

Claims

1. A method in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system, the method comprising: receiving, by a receiving Station (STA), a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA; and decoding, by the receiving STA, the PPDU, wherein the PPDU includes a preamble and a data field, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU includes first to fourth frequency sub - blocks, wherein the data field includes first data for the first and second frequency sub - blocks and second data for the third and fourth frequency sub - blocks, wherein the second data is data copied from the first data with a phase rotation, and wherein the phase rotation is applied to the data of the third frequency sub - block.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The value of the phase rotation applied to the third frequency sub - block is - 1, wherein the first data is generated by performing constellation mapping on encoded data bits based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Dual - Carrier Modulation (DCM) in the first and second frequency sub - blocks, wherein the encoded data bits are only allocated to the first and second frequency sub - blocks, wherein, after generating the first data, a first pilot tone for the first data is inserted into the first and second frequency sub - blocks, wherein, after generating the second data, a second pilot tone for the second data is inserted into the third and fourth frequency sub - blocks, wherein the phase rotation is not applied to the first pilot tone and the second pilot tone.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein Based on the bandwidth of the PPDU being 80 MHz, the first frequency sub - block is a 242 - tone Resource Unit (RU) with the lowest frequency, the second frequency sub - block is a 242 - tone RU with the second - lowest frequency, the third frequency sub - block is a 242 - tone RU with the third - lowest frequency, and the fourth frequency sub - block is a 242 - tone RU with the highest frequency.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein Based on the bandwidth of the PPDU being 160 MHz, the first frequency sub - block is a 484 - tone RU with the lowest frequency, the second frequency sub - block is a 484 - tone RU with the second - lowest frequency, the third frequency sub - block is a 484 - tone RU with the third - lowest frequency, and the fourth frequency sub - block is a 484 - tone RU with the highest frequency.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein Based on the bandwidth of the PPDU being 320 MHz, the first frequency sub - block is a 996 - tone RU with the lowest frequency, the second frequency sub - block is a 996 - tone RU with the second - lowest frequency, the third frequency sub - block is a 996 - tone RU with the third - lowest frequency, and the fourth frequency sub - block is a 996 - tone RU with the highest frequency.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein modulating the encoded data bits based on a first Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), wherein the preamble includes an Extremely High Throughput Signal (EHT - SIG), wherein information about the first MCS is included in the user field of the EHT - SIG, wherein the PPDU is a Single - User (SU) PPDU supporting a single spatial stream.

7. A receiving Station (STA) in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system, the receiving STA comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor operably connected to the memory and the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: receive a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a Station (STA), and decode the PPDU, wherein the PPDU includes a preamble and a data field, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU includes first to fourth frequency sub-blocks, wherein the data field includes first data for the first and second frequency sub-blocks and second data for the third and fourth frequency sub-blocks, wherein the second data is data copied from the first data with a phase rotation, and wherein the phase rotation is applied to the data of the third frequency sub-block.

8. A method in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system, the method comprising: generating, by a Station (STA), a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU); and transmitting, by the transmitting STA, the PPDU to a receiving STA, wherein the PPDU includes a preamble and a data field, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU includes first to fourth frequency sub-blocks, wherein the data field includes first data for the first and second frequency sub-blocks and second data for the third and fourth frequency sub-blocks, wherein the second data is data copied from the first data with a phase rotation, and wherein the phase rotation is applied to the data of the third frequency sub-block.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The value of the phase rotation applied to the third frequency sub-block is -1, wherein the first data is generated by performing constellation mapping on coded data bits based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) in the first and second frequency sub-blocks, wherein the coded data bits are only allocated to the first and the second frequency sub-blocks, wherein after generating the first data, a first pilot tone for the first data is inserted into the first and second frequency sub-blocks, wherein after generating the second data, a second pilot tone for the second data is inserted into the third and fourth frequency sub-blocks, wherein the phase rotation is not applied to the first pilot tone and the second pilot tone.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, Based on the bandwidth of the PPDU being 80 MHz, the first frequency sub-block is a 242-tone Resource Unit (RU) with the lowest frequency, the second frequency sub-block is a 242-tone RU with the second lowest frequency, the third frequency sub-block is a 242-tone RU with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth frequency sub-block is a 242-tone RU with the highest frequency.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein, Based on the bandwidth of the PPDU being 160 MHz, the first frequency sub-block is a 484-tone RU with the lowest frequency, the second frequency sub-block is a 484-tone RU with the second lowest frequency, the third frequency sub-block is a 484-tone RU with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth frequency sub-block is a 484-tone RU with the highest frequency.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein Based on the bandwidth of the PPDU being 320 MHz, The first frequency sub-block is a 996-tone RU with the lowest frequency, the second frequency sub-block is a 996-tone RU with the second lowest frequency, the third frequency sub-block is a 996-tone RU with the third lowest frequency, and the fourth frequency sub-block is a 996-tone RU with the highest frequency.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein Modulate the coded data bits based on a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS). Wherein, the preamble includes an extremely high throughput signal (EHT-SIG). Wherein, information about the first MCS is included in the user field of the EHT-SIG. Wherein, the PPDU is a single-user (SU) PPDU supporting a single spatial stream.

14. A transmitting station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the transmitting STA comprising: A memory; A transceiver; And A processor operatively connected to the memory and the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: Generate a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), and Transmit the PPDU to a receiving STA. Wherein, the PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. Wherein, the bandwidth of the PPDU includes first to fourth frequency sub-blocks. Wherein, the data field includes first data for the first and second frequency sub-blocks and second data for the third and fourth frequency sub-blocks. Wherein, the second data is data copied from the first data along with a phase rotation. Wherein, the phase rotation is applied to the data of the third frequency sub-block.

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