A cross-type multi-axis shredder and its shredding method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cross-type multi-axis shredder and a shredding method thereof, relating to the technical field of shredding treatment, including: a shredding box body, a cutter shaft group, and a material guiding structure. A plurality of cutter shaft groups are sequentially arranged in the shredding box body from top to bottom. The gap between the inner wall of the shredding box body and the plurality of cutter shaft groups is a material leakage channel. A material guiding structure is arranged at the position corresponding to the adjacent cutter shaft groups on the inner wall of the shredding box body. The material guiding structure is located on the material leakage channel, and the upper surface of the material guiding structure is inclined downward towards the lower cutter shaft group. Along the vertical direction, the end of the upper surface of the material guiding structure close to the cutter shaft group coincides with the pitch circle of the shredding moving cutter of the cutter shaft group. In the present invention, the material leaking in the material leakage channels on both sides of the cutter shaft group will be guided by the upper surface of the material guiding structure during the falling process and slide towards the lower cutter shaft group, realizing the shredding treatment of the leaking material and improving the shredding effect of the overall shredder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shredding treatment, and particularly to a cross-type multi-axis shredder and a shredding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, shredders used for material volume reduction can be divided into two categories according to the screen structure: those without a screen installed and those with a screen installed. For the shredder without a screen installed, after the material enters the shredding chamber and is shredded by the knife shaft, it is directly collected or enters the next process. However, after the material enters the shredding chamber and is shredded by the knife shaft once, it is directly collected or enters the next process, and the discharge size is uncontrollable. For the shredder with a screen installed, after the material enters the shredding chamber and is shredded by the knife shaft, the sieved material is directly collected or enters the next process, and the unsieved material is brought back to the shredding chamber by the knife shaft for secondary shredding until it passes through the screen. However, its processing capacity is lower than that of the shredder without a screen installed, and the screen is prone to clogging and it is inconvenient to clean the screen. In order to balance the processing capacity and the shredding effect, the utility model patent with the application number "202121725032.X" and the name "An X-shaped shredder" discloses a four-axis shredder, which uses four knife shafts arranged in an X shape to achieve multiple shredding of materials, ensuring the material processing capacity while improving the shredding effect. However, in actual use, some of the put-in materials may leak through the gaps between the two sides of the knife shaft and the inner wall of the box body. This part of the material is leakage material, and the leakage material directly discharges from the bottom outlet without being processed, reducing the shredding effect of the material.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cross-type multi-axis shredder with good shredding effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cross-type multi-axis shredder and a shredding method thereof to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. By using a material guiding structure to guide the leakage material, the leakage material is guided to the knife shaft group below to achieve shredding of the leakage material and improve the shredding effect.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a cross-type multi-axis shredder, including a shredding box body, several knife shaft groups for shredding materials, and a material guiding structure. An inlet channel is opened at the top of the shredding box body, and an outlet channel is opened at the bottom. The several knife shaft groups are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the shredding box body and are located below the inlet channel. The gap between the inner wall of the shredding box body and the several knife shaft groups is a leakage material channel. The material guiding structure is arranged at the position corresponding to the adjacent knife shaft groups on the inner wall of the shredding box body. The material guiding structure is located on the leakage material channel, and the upper surface of the material guiding structure is inclined downward towards the lower knife shaft group. In the vertical direction, the end of the upper surface of the material guiding structure close to the knife shaft group coincides with the root circle of the shredding moving knife of the knife shaft group.

[0006] Preferably, the cutter shaft group includes a driving motor, two rotatable shafts arranged in parallel, and the shredding moving cutter. The driving motor is arranged on one side of the shredding box body, and the output end of the driving motor is in transmission connection with the rotatable shaft. A plurality of the shredding moving cutters are arranged crosswise on the two rotatable shafts, and the shredding moving cutters of adjacent cutter shaft groups are arranged crosswise.

[0007] Preferably, the material guiding structure is a strip-shaped column with a triangular cross-section or a hot-rolled equal-angle steel, and the length is greater than the length of the area where the shredding moving cutters are arranged on the rotatable shaft.

[0008] Preferably, a cleaning structure for cleaning the winding material on the rotatable shaft is arranged on the inner wall of the shredding box body. The cleaning structure is arranged between adjacent shredding moving cutters, and the cleaning end of the cleaning structure is an arc end with the same diameter as the rotatable shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the arc end is arranged at an interval from the rotatable shaft, and the interval distance is less than the thickness of a single layer of winding material.

[0010] Preferably, the number of cutter teeth on the lower shredding moving cutter is greater than the number of cutter teeth on the upper shredding moving cutter.

[0011] Preferably, the rotatable shaft is in transmission connection with the output end of the driving motor through a gear, and the diameters of the gears connected to the rotatable shafts in the same cutter shaft group are different.

[0012] Preferably, the driving motor is in gear transmission connection with the rotatable shaft through a speed reducer.

[0013] Preferably, a partition for dividing the overall chamber into a shredding chamber and a gear transmission chamber is arranged in the shredding box body. The gears for transmission are located in the gear transmission chamber. The cross-type multi-shaft shredder further includes a gear lubrication structure. The gear lubrication structure includes a lubricating oil tank, a cooling pump, an oil inlet channel, and an oil return channel. The horizontal height of the lubricating oil tank is lower than the horizontal height of the gear transmission chamber. The lubricating oil tank is sequentially connected to the top of the gear transmission chamber through the cooling pump and the oil inlet channel, and the bottom of the gear transmission chamber is connected to the lubricating oil tank through the oil return channel.

[0014] The present invention also provides a shredding method for a cross-type multi-shaft shredder, including the following steps:

[0015] S1: Start the driving motor, and the driving motor drives the rotatable shaft and the shredding moving cutter to start rotating through the meshing transmission of the gears;

[0016] S2: When the materials enter the cutter shaft group, they will be squeezed and shredded by the shredding moving knives on both sides. Moreover, some of the materials that directly fall through the material leakage channel will be guided by the guiding structure and move back into the lower cutter shaft group to be shredded.

[0017] S3: During the shredding process of the materials, the materials wound around the rotating shaft will be cleaned by the cleaning plate and fall down to be shredded again.

[0018] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, several cutter shaft groups are arranged from top to bottom. By using these cutter shaft groups to shred the falling materials, while improving the shredding effect, the materials leaking in the material leakage channels on both sides of the cutter shaft group will be guided by the upper surface of the guiding structure and slide towards the lower cutter shaft group during the falling process, realizing the shredding treatment of the leaked materials and further improving the shredding effect of the overall shredder.

[0020] 2. In the present invention, by using the cleaning end of the cleaning structure, the materials wound around the rotating shaft can be removed. While reducing the rotation load of the rotating shaft, the materials shoveled down will also be guided by the guiding structure to the lower cutter shaft group after falling, further improving the shredding effect of the shredder.

[0021] 3. In the present invention, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank is pumped to the gear transmission by the cooling pump to lubricate the gears, which can improve the movement smoothness of the cutter shaft group and avoid the situation where the shredding effect is reduced due to jamming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the shredding box body of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a front view of the cross-type multi-shaft shredder of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a left view of the cross-type multi-shaft shredder of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram inside the gear transmission chamber of the present invention;

[0027] Among them, 1. shredding box body; 2. material guiding structure; 3. driving motor; 4. rotating shaft; 5. shredding moving knife; 6. connecting base; 7. cleaning plate; 8. reducer; 9. lubricating oil tank; 10. cooling pump; 11. oil inlet channel; 12. oil return channel; 13. support frame; 14. feeding cylinder; 15. gear transmission chamber. Specific implementation manner

[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cross-type multi-axis shredder and its shredding method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The material guiding structure is used to guide the leaking material to the knife shaft group below, so as to shred the leaking material and improve the shredding effect.

[0030] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0031] Please refer to as Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, a cross-type multi-axis shredder is provided, including a shredding box body 1, a plurality of knife shaft groups, and a material guiding structure 2. The knife shaft groups are used to shred materials. An inlet channel is opened at the top of the shredding box body 1, and an outlet channel is opened at the bottom. The inlet channel can be externally connected to a funnel-shaped feeding cylinder 14 to facilitate guiding the material into the inlet channel. The outlet channel can be connected to a funnel-shaped outlet cylinder or not connected to other equipment. A plurality of knife shaft groups are arranged in the shredding box body 1 from top to bottom in sequence and are located below the inlet channel. The inlet channel, the knife shaft groups, and the outlet channel are arranged corresponding to each other. The gap between the inner wall of the shredding box body 1 and the plurality of knife shaft groups is a leaking material channel. A material guiding structure 2 is arranged at the position corresponding to the adjacent knife shaft groups on the inner wall of the shredding box body 1. The material guiding structure 2 is located on the leaking material channel, and the upper surface of the material guiding structure 2 is inclined downward towards the lower knife shaft group. Along the vertical direction, the end of the upper surface of the material guiding structure 2 close to the knife shaft group coincides with the root circle of the shredding moving knife 5 of the knife shaft group. While using a plurality of knife shaft groups to shred the falling materials and improving the shredding effect, the leaking materials in the leaking material channels on both sides of the knife shaft group will be guided by the upper surface of the material guiding structure 2 during the falling process and slide towards the lower knife shaft group, realizing the shredding treatment of the leaking materials and further improving the shredding effect of the overall shredder.

[0032] The cutter shaft group includes a driving motor 3, two rotatable shafts 4 arranged in parallel, and shredding moving knives 5. The driving motor 3 is arranged on one side of the shredding box body 1, and the output end of the driving motor 3 is in transmission connection with the rotatable shaft 4. A number of shredding moving knives 5 are cross - arranged on the two rotatable shafts 4. To improve the structural strength, the shredding moving knives 5 can be integrally arranged with the rotatable shafts 4. The two rotatable shafts 4 are relatively rotatably arranged, that is, the rotation directions of the two rotatable shafts 4 are opposite. The specific structure of the shredding moving knives 5 is a gear structure, and the teeth of the gear structure are inclined towards its rotation direction. The shredding moving knives 5 of the upper and lower adjacent cutter shaft groups are cross - arranged.

[0033] The specific structure of the material guiding structure 2 is a strip - shaped column with a triangular cross - section or a hot - rolled equal - angle steel, and its length is greater than the length of the area where the rotatable shaft 4 is provided with the shredding moving knives 5.

[0034] A cleaning structure is arranged on the inner wall of the shredding box body 1. The cleaning structure is used to clean the winding materials on the rotatable shaft 4. The cleaning structure is arranged between adjacent shredding moving knives 5, and the cleaning end of the cleaning structure is an arc end with the same diameter as the rotatable shaft 4. By using the arc end of the cleaning structure, the materials wound around the rotatable shaft 4 can be shoveled off. While reducing the rotation load of the rotatable shaft 4, the shoveled materials will also fall and be guided to the lower cutter shaft group by the material guiding structure 2, further improving the shredding effect of the shredder.

[0035] The cleaning structure includes a connecting base 6 in the shape of a strip - shaped column and a number of cleaning plates 7. The connecting base 6 is arranged parallel to the rotatable shaft 4 and is fixed to the inner wall of the shredding box body 1 by bolts. One end of the number of cleaning plates 7 is clamped to the connecting base 6 or fixedly connected through connecting pieces such as angle codes. The clamping method is that the cross - section of the connecting base 6 is T - shaped, and a T - shaped opening matching the connecting base 6 is opened at one end of the cleaning plate 7 close to the connecting base 6. The cleaning plate 7 is clamped to the connecting base 6 through the T - shaped opening. The end of the cleaning plate 7 far from the connecting base 6 extends between the shredding moving knives 5, and the end of the cleaning plate 7 close to the rotatable shaft 4 is an arc end.

[0036] To improve the cleaning effect, the thickness of the cleaning plate 7 is the same as the distance between adjacent two shredding moving knives 5, and the surface of the cleaning plate 7 is smoothly arranged to reduce the friction with the shredding moving knives 5.

[0037] The circular arc structure is arranged at an interval from the rotatable shaft 4, and the interval distance is less than the thickness of a single - layer winding material, which can avoid the problems of frictional damage and frictional power consumption between the rotatable shaft 4 and the circular arc structure.

[0038] To improve the final shredding effect, the number of cutter teeth on the lower shredding moving knives 5 is greater than the number of cutter teeth on the upper shredding moving knives 5.

[0039] The rotating shaft 4 is drivingly connected to the output end of the driving motor 3 through gears, and the diameters of the gears connected to the rotating shaft 4 within the same group of cutter shaft groups are different. Specifically, the gears on the output shaft of the driving motor 3 and the two rotating shafts 4 can be set to increase in sequence, so that the rotational speeds of the two rotating shafts 4 within the cutter shaft group are different, achieving differential shredding, improving the shredding effect and the uniformity of shredding. Additionally, the driving motors 3 of two adjacent cutter shaft groups above and below can be respectively located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft 4 within their respective groups, and rotate in opposite directions. In this way, there will also be a rotational speed difference between the two adjacent rotating shafts 4 above and below, further improving the shredding effect and the uniformity of shredding of the overall shredder.

[0040] Since most of the materials shredded by the lower cutter shaft group are the materials shredded by the upper cutter shaft group, the output power of the driving motor 3 of the lower cutter shaft group is increased, and the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 4 within the lower cutter shaft group is increased to further improve the shredding effect.

[0041] The driving motor 3 is in gear transmission connection with the rotating shaft 4 through a speed reducer 8, and the output shaft of the speed reducer 8 serves as the output end of the driving motor 3 for torque output.

[0042] A partition for dividing the overall chamber into a shredding chamber and a gear transmission chamber 15 is provided within the shredding box body 1. The gears for transmission are located within the gear transmission chamber 15. The cross-type multi-shaft shredder further includes a gear lubrication structure. The gear lubrication structure includes a lubricating oil tank 9, a cooling pump 10, an oil inlet passage 11, and an oil return passage 12. The horizontal height of the lubricating oil tank 9 is lower than the horizontal height of the gear transmission chamber 15. The lubricating oil tank 9 is sequentially connected to the top of the gear transmission chamber 15 through the cooling pump 10 and the oil inlet passage 11. Preferably, the outlet of the oil inlet passage 11 is divided into two, respectively corresponding to the middle meshing positions of the three gears for the gear transmission of the upper cutter shaft group. The bottom of the gear transmission chamber 15 is connected to the lubricating oil tank 9 through the oil return passage 12. The lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank 9 is pumped to the gear transmission location by the cooling pump 10 to lubricate the gears, which can improve the smooth movement of the cutter shaft group and avoid the situation where the shredding effect is reduced due to jamming.

[0043] A condenser can be provided between the cooling pump 10 and the lubricating oil tank 9 to reduce the temperature of the lubricating oil, and then cool the gear transmission location.

[0044] A support frame 13 is provided at the bottom of the shredding box body 1 to facilitate the receiving equipment to receive materials at the bottom of the shredding box body 1.

[0045] The present invention also provides a shredding method for a cross-type multi-shaft shredder, including the following steps:

[0046] S1: Start the drive motor 3. The output end of the drive motor 3 drives the rotating shaft 4 and the shredding moving knife 5 to start rotating through the meshing transmission of gears. At this time, the cooling pump 10 continuously pumps lubricating oil to the gear transmission to ensure the smoothness of the gear transmission;

[0047] S2: When the material enters the cutter shaft group, it will be squeezed and shredded by the shredding moving knives 5 on both sides. Moreover, some of the materials that directly fall from the material leakage channel will be guided by the upper surface of the guiding structure 2 and move back into the lower cutter shaft group to achieve shredding, improving the shredding effect;

[0048] S3: During the shredding process of the material, the material wound around the rotating shaft 4 will be cleaned by the arc end of the cleaning plate and fall to be shredded again, reducing the load on the drive motor 3.

[0049] Adaptations made according to actual needs are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

[0051] Specific examples are used in the present invention to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, based on the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A cross-type multi-axis shredder, characterized in that, it includes a shredding box body, several knife shaft groups for shredding materials, and a material guiding structure. An inlet channel is opened at the top of the shredding box body, and an outlet channel is opened at the bottom. The several knife shaft groups are arranged in the shredding box body from top to bottom in sequence and are located below the inlet channel. The gap between the inner wall of the shredding box body and the several knife shaft groups is a material leakage channel. The material guiding structure is arranged at the position corresponding to the adjacent knife shaft groups in the shredding box body. The material guiding structure is located on the material leakage channel, and the upper surface of the material guiding structure is inclined downward towards the lower knife shaft group. In the vertical direction, the end of the upper surface of the material guiding structure close to the knife shaft group coincides with the pitch circle of the shredding moving knife of the knife shaft group; The knife shaft group includes a driving motor, two parallel rotating shafts, and the shredding moving knife; A cleaning structure for cleaning the winding materials on the rotating shaft is arranged on the inner wall of the shredding box body; The cleaning structure includes a connecting base in the shape of a strip-shaped column and several cleaning plates. The connecting base is arranged parallel to the rotating shaft and is fixed on the inner wall of the shredding box body by bolts; The cutting teeth of the shredding moving knife have a certain inclination angle and are integrally serrated.

2. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that, the driving motor is arranged on one side of the shredding box body, and the output end of the driving motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft. Several shredding moving knives are arranged crosswise on the two rotating shafts, and the shredding moving knives of adjacent knife shaft groups are arranged crosswise.

3. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 2, characterized in that, the material guiding structure is a strip-shaped column with a triangular cross-section or a hot-rolled equal-angle steel, and the length is greater than the length of the area where the shredding moving knives are arranged on the rotating shaft.

4. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 2, characterized in that, the cleaning structure is arranged between adjacent shredding moving knives, and the cleaning end of the cleaning structure is an arc end with the same diameter as the rotating shaft.

5. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 4, characterized in that, the arc end is arranged at an interval from the rotating shaft, and the interval distance is less than the thickness of a single layer of winding materials.

6. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 2, characterized in that, the number of cutting teeth on the lower shredding moving knife is greater than the number of cutting teeth on the upper shredding moving knife.

7. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 2, characterized in that, the rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the output end of the driving motor through a gear, and the diameters of the gears connected to the rotating shafts in the same knife shaft group are different.

8. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 7, characterized in that, the driving motor is in gear transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a reducer.

9. The cross-type multi-axis shredder according to claim 7, characterized in that, A partition for dividing the overall chamber into a shredding chamber and a gear transmission chamber is provided inside the shredding box. The gears for transmission are located in the gear transmission chamber. The cross-type multi-shaft shredder further includes a gear lubrication structure. The gear lubrication structure includes a lubricating oil tank, a cooling pump, an oil inlet passage, and an oil return passage. The horizontal height of the lubricating oil tank is lower than the horizontal height of the gear transmission chamber. The lubricating oil tank is sequentially connected to the top of the gear transmission chamber through the cooling pump and the oil inlet passage. The bottom of the gear transmission chamber is connected to the lubricating oil tank through the oil return passage.

10. A shredding method for a cross-type multi-shaft shredder, characterized in that the cross-type multi-shaft shredder according to any one of claims 1-9 is applied, and the method includes the following steps: S1: Start the drive motor, and the drive motor drives the rotating shaft and the shredding moving knife to start rotating through the meshing transmission of the gears; S2: When the material enters the cutter shaft group, it will be squeezed and shredded by the shredding moving knives on both sides, and some of the materials that directly fall through the material leakage channel will be guided by the guiding structure and move back into the lower cutter shaft group to be shredded; S3: During the shredding process of the material, the material wound around the rotating shaft will be cleaned by the cleaning plate and fall to be shredded again.

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