Waveguide display device and augmented reality display apparatus

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a waveguide display device and an augmented reality display device. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the waveguide display device comprises a waveguide substrate and a first optical element, a second optical element and a third optical element disposed on the waveguide substrate; the first optical element is configured to couple the incident light out of the waveguide substrate; the second optical element is configured to couple the light coupled into the waveguide substrate by the second optical element out of the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction; the third optical element is configured to couple the light coupled into the second optical element by the second optical element out of the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction, and couple the light coupled into the second optical element out of the human eye, the second optical element and the third optical element are respectively disposed on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, so as to reduce the volume of the device and the weight of the device; and the light coupled out of the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction for multiple times, so as to realize two-dimensional pupil expansion.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of augmented reality technology, and in particular to a waveguide display device and an augmented reality display device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Augmented reality (AR) near-eye display technology is a wearable display system that enables a human eye to see a real scene in the outside world and a virtual scene generated by a computer at the same time through a certain optical system. In an augmented reality system, a computing component analyzes and processes a real scene observed by a user, and then superimposes virtual augmented information generated by the computing component onto the real scene through near-eye display technology, so as to realize seamless fusion of the real scene and the virtual scene and assist the user in deep and comprehensive cognition of the real world. AR devices have been applied in many industries, such as military, navigation, education, medical treatment, and industry, and face a broad prospect in the field of electronic consumption. As one of the core technologies of AR devices, near-eye display technology has also become a research hotspot in the current industry and academia.

[0003] The core task of AR near-eye display technology is to perform virtual-real superposition, that is, to allow real-world light and virtual image light to pass through at the same time and reach the human eye. Near-eye display technology includes geometric optical superposition technology and near-eye display technology based on diffractive optics.

[0004] At present, the exit pupil range of the near-eye display technology based on diffractive optics is small, the device volume is large, and the weight is relatively large. SUMMARY

[0005] The present disclosure provides a waveguide display device and an augmented reality display device. The waveguide display device has a large exit pupil range, a small volume, and a light weight, which is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the product. The technical solutions of the present disclosure are as follows:

[0006] The present disclosure provides a waveguide display device, which comprises a waveguide substrate and first, second, and third optical elements arranged on the waveguide substrate.

[0007] The first optical element is located on one side of the waveguide substrate and is arranged close to a first surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple the incident light out of the waveguide substrate, wherein the first surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate away from the human eye.

[0008] The waveguide substrate is configured to couple the light coupled into the first optical element out of the second optical element.

[0009] The second optical element is arranged close to the second surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out light coupled into the second optical element by the waveguide substrate in the first direction or the second direction to the second optical element, and to couple out light coupled into the second optical element to the human eye, and the light coupled into the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction for multiple times.

[0010] The third optical element is arranged close to the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out light coupled into the second optical element by the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction to the second optical element, and to couple out light coupled into the second optical element to the human eye, and the light coupled into the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction for multiple times.

[0011] Preferably, the second optical element is configured to couple out light coupled into the waveguide substrate in the first direction to the third optical element by total reflection, and to couple out light coupled into the waveguide substrate in the second direction to the third optical element by diffraction.

[0012] Preferably, the third optical element is configured to couple out light coupled into the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction to the second optical element by total reflection, and to couple out light coupled into the second optical element to the human eye by diffraction.

[0013] Preferably, the waveguide substrate is configured to couple out light coupled into the first optical element to the second optical element after at least one total reflection inside the waveguide substrate.

[0014] Preferably, the second optical element and the third optical element are arranged oppositely, and the areas of the second optical element and the third optical element are equal.

[0015] Preferably, the third optical element is configured to couple out light coupled into the second optical element to the human eye in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the third optical element is arranged.

[0016] Preferably, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0017] Preferably, the second optical element and the third optical element are arranged in parallel.

[0018] Preferably, the first optical element is covered on the first surface of the waveguide substrate.

[0019] Preferably, the second optical element is covered on the second surface of the waveguide substrate, and the third optical element is covered on the first surface of the waveguide substrate.

[0020] Preferably, the first optical element is a one-dimensional grating, and the second optical element and the third optical element are two-dimensional gratings.

[0021] Preferably, the first optical element is a holographic one-dimensional grating, and the second optical element and the third optical element are holographic two-dimensional gratings.

[0022] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides an augmented reality display device, comprising: a waveguide display device and an optical machine;

[0023] The waveguide display device comprises: a waveguide substrate, and a first optical element, a second optical element and a third optical element arranged on the waveguide substrate;

[0024] The first optical element is arranged on one side of the waveguide substrate and close to a first surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out light emitted by the optical machine to the waveguide substrate, wherein the first surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate away from an eye;

[0025] The waveguide substrate is configured to couple out the light coupled in by the first optical element to the second optical element;

[0026] The second optical element is arranged on the other side of the waveguide substrate and close to a second surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out the light coupled in by the waveguide substrate to the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction, wherein the second surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate close to the eye, and the first direction and the second direction are directions of a plane in which the third optical element is located;

[0027] The third optical element is arranged on the first surface of the waveguide substrate close to the second optical element, and is configured to couple out the light coupled in by the second optical element to the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction, and to the eye, and the light coupled out to the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction multiple times.

[0028] Preferably, the augmented reality display device is an AR glasses, an AR head-mounted display device and a head-up display device.

[0029] The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:

[0030] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a waveguide display device comprises: a waveguide substrate, and a first optical element, a second optical element and a third optical element disposed on the waveguide substrate; the first optical element is configured to couple the incident light out of the waveguide substrate; the waveguide substrate is configured to couple the light coupled in by the first optical element out of the second optical element; the second optical element is configured to couple the light coupled in by the waveguide substrate out of the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction; the third optical element is configured to couple the light coupled in by the second optical element out of the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction, and couple the light coupled in by the second optical element out of the human eye; the second optical element and the third optical element are respectively disposed on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, the relay optical element is omitted, the device volume is reduced, and the device weight is reduced; and the light coupled out of the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction multiple times to realize two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0031] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure without imposing undue limitations on the disclosure.

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of geometric parameters of each stage of two-dimensional limited body grating formation;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of geometric parameters of each stage of two-dimensional limited body grating readout;

[0035] Figure 3 Structure schematic diagram of a waveguide display device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 4 Scene schematic diagram of a waveguide display device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 5 Explanatory view of a waveguide display device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 6 Light propagation schematic diagram of a waveguide display device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of light propagation in the XZ direction of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of light propagation in the YZ direction of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 9 Structure diagram of AR glasses for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 10 Scene diagram of a head-up display device for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the specification and claims of the present disclosure and the above-described drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The implementation described in the following exemplary embodiments does not represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0045] At present, the waveguide display device based on the near-eye display technology of diffractive optics includes: a coupling-in diffractive element, a relay diffractive element and a coupling-out diffractive element. The relay diffractive element is located above the coupling-out diffractive element, the remaining space of the coupling-out diffractive element is small, the exit pupil range is small, the relay diffractive element occupies a large space, the device volume is large, and the weight is also relatively large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the device.

[0046] The basic principle of the near-eye display technology is described as follows:

[0047] The near-eye display technology based on diffractive optics includes two types: waveguide devices based on surface relief gratings and waveguide devices based on volume holographic gratings. The present embodiment mainly describes the waveguide device based on volume holographic gratings.

[0048] The mathematical formulation of coupled-wave theory is a set of coupled differential equations derived from the wave equation. Its main principle is that light waves continuously exchange energy during propagation within the hologram. Kogelnik coupled-wave theory is widely used to analyze the diffraction characteristics of various volume gratings and provides quantitative results. Because Kogelnik theory implicitly assumes that the wavefront dimensions of the diffracted beams are infinitely large, it only studies the changes in the beam's propagation along the grating thickness direction. Therefore, Kogelnik theory is essentially a one-dimensional theory. The two-dimensional theory assumes that the properties of both the material and the light wave change along the direction of the grating fringe plane; this direction is usually designated as the direction of the light wave's electric field vector. The size of the grating is finite in both directions perpendicular to the grating fringe plane, thus the light waves are uniformly coupled and change in these two directions.

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the geometric parameters during the formation stage of a two-dimensional confined grating; Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the geometric parameters of the readout stage of a two-dimensional confined volume grating. Reference and signal beams with widths WR and WS, respectively, are incident on the medium, interfering to form a volume grating. A coordinate system is chosen such that the two beams are incident at angles ф0 and -ф0 relative to the x-axis, respectively. The resulting grating is represented by the dielectric constant ε of the medium. r Periodic changes:

[0050] ε r =ε r0 +ε r1 a 10 a 20 cos[β0(p 10 -p 20 )];

[0051] In the formula, ε r0 ε is the average dielectric constant. r1 ε represents the magnitude of the change in dielectric constant. r0 and ε r1 It can be a complex value, where the imaginary part represents the change in average absorptivity and the modulation amplitude of the absorption grating, respectively. i 0 is the wavefront phase function of a plane light wave, denoted as p in the xy coordinate system. i0 =x cosφ0-(-1) i y sinφ0, i=1,2 represent the reference light and the signal light respectively, a 10 and a 20 β0 represents the normalized complex amplitude distribution on the wavefronts of the two written light waves, and β0 is the propagation constant of the written light wave.

[0052] Considering the Bragg diffraction domain, the grating vector K of a two-dimensional grating is expressed as:

[0053] K = δWs(uR +u S )

[0054] The Bragg mismatch parameter δ in the grating vector K is expressed as:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, β = 2π / λ is the propagation constant of the readout light wave, λ is the wavelength of the readout light, and Δφ and Δβ are the deviations of the angle and wavelength of the readout light from the Bragg condition, respectively.

[0057] The diffraction characteristics of a uniform grating (K is a constant) of the full overlap type are discussed, and for a two-dimensional finite-size volume grating, the grating diffraction efficiency is defined as:

[0058]

[0059] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, in order to solve the above technical problems, a waveguide display device is provided, which comprises a waveguide substrate and first, second and third optical elements arranged on the waveguide substrate; the first optical element is configured to couple the incident light out of the waveguide substrate; the waveguide substrate is configured to couple the light coupled in by the first optical element out of the second optical element; the second optical element is configured to couple the light coupled in by the waveguide substrate out of the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction; the third optical element is configured to couple the light coupled in by the second optical element out of the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction, and couple the light coupled in by the second optical element out of the human eye; the second optical element and the third optical element are arranged on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, respectively, and the relay optical element is omitted, so that the second optical element and the third optical element have a larger design space, the device volume is reduced, and the device weight is reduced; and the light coupled out of the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction multiple times to realize two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0060] In the present embodiment, the augmented reality display device includes but is not limited to the following: an AR glasses, an AR head-mounted display device and a head-up display device. When the augmented reality display device is the AR glasses, the type of the AR glasses is not limited, which can be a monocular AR glasses or a binocular AR glasses.

[0061] In one embodiment, when the augmented reality display device is the AR glasses, the AR glasses include a frame, a waveguide display device arranged on the frame and an optical machine, the waveguide display device constitutes a lens of the AR glasses, and the optical machine sends image light to the waveguide display device. The waveguide display device is described in detail in subsequent embodiments, and will not be described again in the present embodiment.

[0062] In another embodiment, when the augmented reality display device is a head-up display device, the head-up display device comprises a device body, a waveguide display device arranged on the device body, and an optical engine. The waveguide display device is described in detail in subsequent embodiments, and will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the optical engine provides the collimated image source by projection.

[0064] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a waveguide display device 1 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in the following figure. Figure 5 An exploded view of the waveguide display device of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in the following figure. Figure 3 、 5 As shown in the figure, the waveguide display device 1 comprises a waveguide substrate 11, a first optical element 12, a second optical element 13, and a third optical element 14 arranged on the waveguide substrate 11. The first optical element 12 is arranged on one side of the waveguide substrate 11, close to a first surface of the waveguide substrate 11, for coupling the incident light out of the waveguide substrate 11, wherein the first surface of the waveguide substrate 11 is the surface of the waveguide substrate 11 far from the human eye; the waveguide substrate 11 is used for coupling the light coupled into the first optical element 12 out of the second optical element 13; the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are arranged on the other side of the waveguide substrate 11, close to a second surface of the waveguide substrate 11, for coupling the light coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 out of the third optical element 14 in a first direction and a second direction, wherein the second surface of the waveguide substrate 11 is the surface of the waveguide substrate 11 close to the human eye, and the first direction and the second direction are the directions of the plane where the third optical element 14 is located; the third optical element 14 is arranged on the first surface of the waveguide substrate 11 close to the second optical element 13, for coupling the light coupled into the second optical element 13 out of the second optical element 13 in the first direction or the second direction, and coupling the light coupled into the second optical element 13 out of the human eye, and the light coupled into the second optical element 13 continues to propagate between the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 in the first direction or the second direction.

[0065] The waveguide display device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a waveguide substrate and a first optical element, a second optical element and a third optical element arranged on the waveguide substrate; the first optical element is configured to couple the incident light out of the waveguide substrate; the waveguide substrate is configured to couple the light coupled in by the first optical element out of the second optical element; the second optical element is configured to couple the light coupled in by the waveguide substrate out of the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction; the third optical element is configured to couple the light coupled in by the second optical element out of the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction, and couple the light coupled in by the second optical element out of the human eye; the second optical element and the third optical element are arranged on the first surface of the waveguide substrate respectively, the relay optical element is omitted, the device volume is reduced, and the device weight is reduced; and the light coupled out of the second optical element continues to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction multiple times to realize two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0066] Figure 4 The scene schematic diagram of the waveguide display device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 1. Figure 3 、 4 As shown in FIG. 1, the light is incident on the surface of the first optical element 12, the first optical element 12 couples the incident light to the waveguide substrate 11, the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14, and then the light is coupled out of the human eye in the X-axis and Y-axis directions shown in FIG. 2 after two-dimensional pupil expansion, thereby forming a virtual field of view in front of the human eye. Figure 3

[0067] It should be noted that, Figure 3 the coordinate axis X-axis is parallel to the length direction of the waveguide display device 1 or the horizontal axis of the virtual field of view, and the coordinate axis Y-axis is parallel to the width direction of the waveguide display device 1; and the coordinate axis Z-axis is perpendicular to the waveguide display device or parallel to the thickness direction of the waveguide display device 1.

[0068] Figure 6 The light propagation schematic diagram of the waveguide display device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 3. Figure 7 The light propagation schematic diagram of the waveguide display device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure in the XZ direction is shown in FIG. 4. Figure 8 The light propagation schematic diagram of the waveguide display device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure in the YZ direction is shown in FIG. 5.

[0069] It should be noted that, Figure 6 、 Figure 7 Taking any one of the light rays L1 emitted by the light machine as an example for description. Figure 7 、 Figure 8 The light L'1 in FIG. 1 is the light incident on the second optical element 13 by the waveguide substrate 11. The following embodiments take any one of the light rays L1 as an example for description.

[0070] In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, Figures 4-8 ​As shown, the light ray L1 emitted by the light engine is incident on the first optical element 12, is diffracted by the first optical element 12 into the waveguide substrate 11, and the waveguide substrate 11 is configured to couple out the light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 to the second optical element 13. The waveguide substrate 11 can couple out the light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 to the second optical element 13 in the following ways, but not limited to:

[0071] The first light ray processing way: the waveguide substrate 11 is configured to couple out the light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 to the second optical element 13 directly. In this light ray processing way, the relative positions of the first optical element 12 and the second optical element 13 can be adjusted to couple out the light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 to the second optical element 13 directly.

[0072] The second light ray processing way: the waveguide substrate 11 is configured to couple out the light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 to the second optical element 13 after the light ray is reflected at least once inside the waveguide substrate 11. As shown, Figure 4 The light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 satisfies the total reflection condition in the waveguide substrate 11, and the light ray coupled in by the first optical element 12 forms a light ray L'1 after total reflection and is incident on the second optical element 13.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. Preferably, the first direction is parallel to the X-axis, and the second direction is parallel to the Y-axis. It should be noted that the first direction and the second direction can also be parallel to neither the X-axis nor the Y-axis, in which case an inclined virtual field of view is formed in front of the human eye.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the first optical element 12, the second optical element 13, and the third optical element 14 are nanostructures to diffract the incident light rays.

[0075] In the above embodiment, the second optical element 13 is configured to couple out the light ray coupled in by the waveguide substrate 11 to the third optical element 14 in the first direction by total reflection, and to couple out the light ray coupled in by the waveguide substrate 11 to the third optical element 14 in the second direction by diffraction. As shown, Figure 6 、 7As shown, the light rays coupled into the first optical element 12 form light rays L'1 after total reflection, which are incident into the A1 point of the second optical element 13. The light rays L'1 satisfy the total reflection condition at the A1 point. The second optical element 13 reflects the light rays at the A1 point to the B point of the third optical element 14 along the coordinate axis X by total reflection. The light rays reflected by the second optical element 13 at the A1 point are zero-order light rays. The second optical element 13 couples out the light rays at the A1 point to the C point of the third optical element 14 along the coordinate axis Y by diffraction. The light rays generated by the second optical element 13 at the A1 point are diffraction order light rays.

[0076] In the above embodiment, the third optical element 14 is configured to couple out the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 to the second optical element 13 in the first direction or the second direction by total reflection, and couple out the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 to the human eye by diffraction. The third optical element 14 is configured to couple out the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 to the human eye in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the third optical element 14 is located. As shown in Figure 6 、 8 As shown, the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 satisfy the total reflection condition at the B point. The third optical element 14 is configured to reflect the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at the B point to the A2 point of the second optical element 13 along the coordinate axis X by total reflection, and couple out the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at the B point to the human eye by diffraction. The light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 satisfy the total reflection condition at the C point. The third optical element 14 is configured to reflect the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at the C point to the A5 point of the second optical element 13 along the coordinate axis Y by total reflection, and couple out the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at the C point to the human eye by diffraction.

[0077] In the above embodiment, the light rays coupled out from the second optical element 13 to the third optical element 14 continue to propagate between the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 in the first direction or the second direction multiple times. As shown in Figure 7 、 8 The light rays coupled out from the second optical element 13 to the third optical element 14 continue to propagate between the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 in the directions of the coordinate axis X and the coordinate axis Y multiple times, so as to realize two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0078] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 6 The A1 point, the A2 point, the A3 point, the A4 point and the A5 point in the figure are modulated by the zero-order light rays and the diffraction order light rays in the same way. The light intensity is set according to the actual field of view brightness uniformity requirement, and a mask can be set to control the grating efficiency in actual processing.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are oppositely arranged, and the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 have equal areas. The second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are oppositely arranged without the need to arrange a relay optical element, leaving a design space for the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14, which can have a larger area, improve the pupil expansion range, rationally arrange the exit pupil area position, ensure a reasonable observation range, and the equal areas of the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 can simultaneously process the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14, improving the production efficiency of the elements.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, the first optical element 12, the second optical element 13, and the third optical element 14 are arranged close to the surface of the waveguide substrate 11. As shown in Figures 3-8 the first surface of the waveguide substrate 11. The second optical element 13 covers the second surface of the waveguide substrate 11, and the third optical element 14 covers the first surface of the waveguide substrate 11. The embodiments of the present disclosure can adjust the first optical element 12, the second optical element 13, and the third optical element 14 according to actual conditions. For example, the first optical element 12, the second optical element 13, and the third optical element 14 can be embedded in the waveguide substrate 11 in a fully enclosed form, or the surface of the waveguide substrate 11 is provided with a groove, and the first optical element 12, the second optical element 13, and the third optical element 14 are installed in the groove on the surface of the waveguide substrate 11 in a semi-enclosed form.

[0081] In an optional embodiment, the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are arranged in parallel. The second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 can adopt the same grating structure parameters to symmetrically modulate light.

[0082] In an optional embodiment, the first optical element 12 is a one-dimensional grating, which includes but is not limited to any one of the following gratings: an inclined grating, a rectangular grating, a blazed grating, and a volume grating. The second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are two-dimensional gratings. The first optical element 12 is a holographic one-dimensional grating, and the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are holographic two-dimensional gratings. The second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 of the present disclosure adopt holographic two-dimensional gratings, which can greatly improve the efficiency of the diffraction waveguide.

[0083] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below: Figures 6-8

[0084] As Figure 4 ​As shown, the light rays coupled into the first optical element 12 satisfy the total internal reflection condition in the waveguide substrate 11, and the light rays coupled into the first optical element 12 form light rays L′1 after total internal reflection and enter the second optical element 13.

[0085] like Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the light rays coupled into the first optical element 12 undergo total internal reflection to form light ray L′1, which enters point A1 of the second optical element 13. Light ray L′1 satisfies the total internal reflection condition at point A1. The second optical element 13 reflects the light rays at point A1 along the X-axis of the coordinate axis to point B of the third optical element 14 by total internal reflection. The light ray reflected by the second optical element 13 at point A1 is a zero-order ray. The second optical element 13 then diffracts the light rays at point A1 along the Y-axis of the coordinate axis to point C of the third optical element 14. The light ray generated by the second optical element 13 at point A1 by diffraction is a diffraction-order ray.

[0086] like Figure 6 , 8 As shown, the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 satisfy the total internal reflection condition at point B. The third optical element 14 is used to reflect the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at point B to point A2 of the second optical element 13 by total internal reflection along the X-axis. At the same time, the third optical element 14 is used to couple the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at point B to the human eye by diffraction. The light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 satisfy the total internal reflection condition at point C. The third optical element 14 is used to reflect the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at point C to point A5 of the second optical element 13 by total internal reflection along the Y-axis. At the same time, the third optical element 14 is used to couple the light rays coupled into the second optical element 13 at point C to the human eye by diffraction.

[0087] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the light rays coupled from the third optical element 14 to the second optical element 13 continue to propagate multiple times between the three optical elements 14 and the second optical element 13 along the X-axis and Y-axis of the coordinate axis, thereby achieving two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0088] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of AR glasses, an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. Taking an AR glasses scenario as an example, combined with... Figures 3-8 The technical solution disclosed herein is described as follows:

[0089] like Figure 9 As shown, the AR glasses 8 includes a frame 801 and a waveguide display device 1 and an optical engine mounted on the frame 801. The frame 801 includes an eyeglass frame and temples connected to both sides of the eyeglass frame. The optical engine can be mounted on the eyeglass frame or on the temples on both sides.

[0090] In the waveguide display device 1 of this embodiment, the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are respectively disposed on the upper first surface of the waveguide substrate 11. The relay optical element is omitted, which provides a larger design space for the placement of the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14, increases the pupil range of the waveguide display device 1, and increases the observable range of the human eye when viewing virtual images in the real scene through AR glasses. The AR glasses can be used to view virtual images in the real scene whether they are positioned above, below, to the left or to the right of the human eye, thus improving the user experience. The AR glasses can be adapted to users with different AR wearing habits.

[0091] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display device scenario, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Taking a head-up display device scenario as an example, combined with... Figures 3-8 The technical solution disclosed herein is described as follows:

[0092] like Figure 10 As shown, an augmented reality display device is installed on the windshield of a vehicle. The augmented reality display device includes a waveguide display device 1 and an optical engine. A portion of the windshield at the front of the vehicle can serve as the waveguide substrate 11 of the augmented reality display device; a first optical element 12, a second optical element 13, and a third optical element 14 can be disposed on the surface of a portion of the windshield.

[0093] In the waveguide display device 1 of this embodiment, the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14 are respectively disposed on the upper first surface of the waveguide substrate 11. The relay optical element is omitted, which provides a larger design space for the placement of the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14, increases the pupil range of the waveguide display device 1, and increases the observable range of the human eye when viewing virtual images in the real scene through the head-up display device. By reasonably setting the position and size of the second optical element 13 and the third optical element 14, the observable range of the virtual images in the real scene viewed by the head-up display device can be adjusted.

[0094] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0095] The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition and method of the present disclosure. Since many embodiments of the disclosure can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, the disclosure is not to be limited to the examples contemplated. Rather, the scope of the disclosure is indicated by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is intended that the disclosure encompass all such alterations and modifications of the examples and features described which fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A waveguide display device, characterized in that, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

2. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

3. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

4. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

5. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

6. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

7. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

8. The waveguide display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine.

9. An augmented reality display device, characterized by The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. The application relates to a waveguide display device and a light machine. 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The application relates to The first optical element is located on one side of the waveguide substrate, and is arranged close to a first surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out light rays injected by the optical engine to the waveguide substrate, wherein the first surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate away from the human eye; The waveguide substrate is configured to couple out the light rays coupled in by the first optical element to the second optical element; The second optical element is located on the other side of the waveguide substrate, and is arranged close to a second surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out the light rays coupled in by the waveguide substrate to the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction, wherein the second surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate close to the human eye, and the first direction and the second direction are directions of a plane in which the third optical element is located; The third optical element is arranged close to the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and is configured to couple out the light rays coupled in by the second optical element to the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction, and to couple out the light rays coupled in by the second optical element to the human eye, and the light rays coupled out to the second optical element continue to propagate between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction multiple times.

10. The augmented reality display device of claim 9, wherein, The augmented reality display device is an AR glasses, an AR head-mounted display device, and a head-up display device.

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