Precoding method, device and terminal for backscatter communication BSC

Abstract

The present application discloses a precoding method, device and terminal for backscatter communication BSC, which belongs to the field of communication technology. The method of the embodiment of the present application includes: a backscatter communication BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the BSC terminal obtains a precoding parameter according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; and the BSC terminal precodes the transmission signal according to the precoding parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a precoding method, device and terminal for backscatter communication BSC. Background Art

[0002] Backscatter communication (BSC) involves a device using radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to modulate its signal and transmit its own information. A BSC system consists of the following components: a BSC transmitter (also called a BSC terminal) and a BSC receiver. For example, a BSC transmitter can be a tag.

[0003] When BSC transmitters need to communicate over long distances, they are affected by channel fading, which degrades communication quality. For example, tags collect RF signals from the environment through antennas and communicate using backscatter technology. Because wireless signals experience double-path fading during the round-trip communication process, path loss is high and the effective communication range is short. Therefore, enhancing the coverage capability of backscatter communication systems is a pressing technical challenge for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a precoding method, apparatus, and terminal for a backscatter communication BSC, which can enhance the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system.

[0005] In a first aspect, a precoding method for a backscatter communication BSC is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] The backscatter communication BSC terminal determines a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal;

[0007] The BSC terminal obtains a precoding parameter according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0008] The BSC terminal precodes the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

[0009] In a second aspect, a precoding device for a backscatter communication BSC is provided, comprising:

[0010] a determination module, configured to determine a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal;

[0011] An acquisition module, configured to acquire precoding parameters according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0012] The processing module is configured to precode the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

[0013] In a third aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising a processor, a memory, and a program or instruction stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program or instruction, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, a backscatter communication BSC terminal is provided, including:

[0015] processor, multiple antennas, and multiple payloads;

[0016] The plurality of antennas are connected to the plurality of loads via switches, and the processor is configured to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0017] In the fifth aspect, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to determine the load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; obtain precoding parameters according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; and precode the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

[0018] In a sixth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.

[0019] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run a program or instruction to implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0020] In an eighth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a non-volatile storage medium, and the program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the precoding method for backscatter communication BSC as described in the first aspect.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present application, the BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the BSC terminal can obtain precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each antenna; the BSC terminal precodes the transmission signal according to the precoding parameters, wherein the load impedance can affect the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient. Therefore, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna and adjusting the reflection coefficient, beamforming can be achieved by utilizing the phase change of the reflection coefficient, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and the hardware complexity is relatively low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1is a structural diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application may be applied;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the BSC terminal principle provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is one of the flowcharts of the precoding method for BSC provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the load impedance selection principle provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the precoding principle provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of load impedance selection and precoding principle provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 This is one of the structural diagrams of a precoding device for a BSC provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 9 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this application can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and that the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects connected are in an "or" relationship.

[0034] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to applications other than NR system applications, such as 6th generation (6G) systems. th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0035] Figure 1The structure diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to the embodiments of the present application is shown. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network side device 12. Among them, the terminal 11 can also be called a terminal device or a user terminal (UE). The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile Internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device (Wearable Device), a vehicle-mounted device (VUE), a pedestrian terminal (PUE), a smart home (home appliances with wireless communication functions, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), and other terminal-side devices. Wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, game consoles, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The network side device 12 can be a base station or a core network, where the base station can be called a node B, an evolved node B, an access point, a base transceiver station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a basic service set (Basic Service Set, BSS), an extended service set (Extended Service Set, ESS), a B node, an evolved B node (eNB), a home B node, a home evolved B node, a WLAN access point, a WiFi node, a transmitting and receiving point (Transmitting Receiving Point, TRP) or other appropriate terms in the field. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to a specific technical vocabulary. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is taken as an example, but the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0036] Introduction to backscatter communication BSC system:

[0037] The BSC system consists of the following parts: BSC transmitter (also called BSC terminal) and BSC receiver. Tag is one of the forms of BSC transmitter, and its structure is as follows: Figure 2As shown. The BSC system utilizes radio frequency signals in the environment, such as signals from cellular, TV broadcasts, and WiFi. The Tag collects its energy and loads the information to be sent into the signal in the environment and sends it to the receiver (this application takes the receiver as a base station as an example) to achieve communication between the passive Tag and the receiver. As a passive device in the BSC system, the Tag is mainly composed of several important parts: radio frequency energy collector, switch, modulation module, and information decoder. The Tag receives the radio frequency source signal in the environment, obtains energy from it, and stores it in the energy collector to provide energy for the hardware modules such as the signal processing and signal transmission of the Tag itself. Subsequently, the received signal in the environment is modulated and transmitted through the transmitting antenna to the receiver.

[0038] Specifically, in order to send the information bits stored in the memory to the receiver, the tag changes the amplitude and phase of the backscattered signal by controlling the switching load impedance to modulate the carrier in the received environment. Finally, the receiver can receive and decode the backscattered signal.

[0039] In a circuit with resistance R, inductance L, and capacitance C, impedance acts as an obstacle to the flow of current in the circuit. Impedance can be represented by Z:

[0040]

[0041] The above formula can be further expressed as an expression with amplitude and phase information. Next, we define the reflection coefficient as Γ and the impedance of each antenna of the tag as Z A , the i-th load impedance is Z i According to (1), we can get:

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Among them, θ A and θ i Represents the phase of the antenna and the i-th load impedance respectively. Assuming that the tag has M antennas (M≥2) and N load impedances, where the antenna impedance of each antenna is equal, then the i-th load impedance Z i The corresponding reflection coefficient Γ i is defined as follows:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] From equations (5) and (6), it can be seen that the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient are closely related to the selection of the load impedance. It can be further seen that the amplitude and phase of the load impedance affect the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient.

[0049] In 5G communication systems, a single base station serves multiple users, leading to significant interference between users and between data streams within a user. While adding antennas to the base station can mitigate interference and increase system capacity to some extent, the performance improvement is limited. To mitigate inter-user interference, increase system capacity, and simplify user-side design costs, base stations can employ precoding technology in the downlink.

[0050] In precoding design, commonly used array antennas are linear arrays or rectangular planar arrays. A linear array is an antenna array composed of multiple elements separated from each other and arranged in a straight line.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, there are N array elements evenly distributed on a straight line, the first of which is the reference point and the observation angle is , the array element spacing is d, then the observed phase a i It can be expressed as:

[0052]

[0053] In the above formula, k represents the wave number, and the maximum direction of the array factor is given by The current excitation with amplitude and phase is expressed as I, so the array factor expression can be expressed as:

[0054]

[0055] in, Represents the observation angle of the reference array element. According to the above formula (8), the main lobe value, main lobe width and zero point position of the beam can be further discussed. In addition, the array response vector of the linear array can be expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] The NR standard supports up to four layers of uplink (i.e., PUSCH) multi-antenna precoding. If DFT-precoded OFDM technology is used for uplink transmission, only single-layer transmission is supported. Terminals can configure two modes for PUSCH multi-antenna precoding: codebook-based transmission and non-codebook-based transmission. The choice of mode is generally based on whether the uplink and downlink channels are reciprocal, or the extent to which the terminal can understand the uplink channel through downlink measurements.

[0058] One limitation of uplink multi-antenna transmission is the degree to which the terminal can control inter-antenna correlation, or in other words, the degree to which the terminal can control the relative phase between the signals transmitted from the two antennas. Generally speaking, multi-antenna precoding requires precise adjustment of the weights for each antenna port, including specific phase shifts. These weights are then applied to the signals transmitted from different antenna ports. If correlation cannot be controlled, the actual weights for each antenna become more or less random, making the weights increasingly meaningless.

[0059] The weights not only consider the current phase but also the antenna's reference phase, which can be used to shift the phase of each signal. The reflection coefficient can change the current phase (or amplitude).

[0060] When a BSC transmitter needs to communicate over long distances, it will be affected by channel fading. In a single-antenna backscatter communication system, signals are broadcast to terminals, radiating signal energy in all directions. This cannot effectively combat the effects of dual-path fading in the channel, leading to low transmission rates and poor communication reliability over long distances. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, multi-antenna enhancement technology and precoding technology can be considered to effectively improve the transmission rate and reliability of the BSC system, enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system.

[0061] However, the precoding design of the BSC terminal is limited by factors such as hardware, power consumption, and transmission mode. How to implement precoding in the BSC terminal is a technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the selection of the load impedance corresponding to each antenna, the phase information and amplitude information of the reflection coefficient can be obtained, so that the precoding parameters can be obtained and precoding can be implemented using the precoding parameters.

[0063] The following describes in detail the precoding method for BSC provided in the embodiments of the present application through some embodiments and application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0064] Figure 4 This is one of the flow charts of the precoding method for BSC provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the precoding method for BSC provided in this embodiment includes:

[0065] Step 101: A backscatter communication BSC terminal determines a load impedance corresponding to each of multiple antennas of the BSC terminal.

[0066] Specifically, multi-antenna enhancement technology is introduced in the BSC system. In order to send the information bits to be transmitted to the receiver, the BSC terminal changes the amplitude and phase of its backscattered signal by controlling the load impedance corresponding to each antenna, thereby modulating the carrier in the environment it receives.

[0067] That is, by controlling the load connected to each antenna, the phase change of different reflection coefficients can be controlled, thereby achieving different beam directions.

[0068] Assume that the BSC terminal has M antennas (M≥2) and N loads (N≥M).

[0069] Optionally, when determining the load impedance corresponding to the antenna, the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna should be ensured as much as possible, that is, in order to obtain the maximum power transmission of the BSC terminal, the optimal load impedance combination corresponding to M antennas should be selected to generate the precoding matrix, that is, the M load impedances corresponding to the M antennas are respectively, and the combination of M load impedances is optimal.

[0070] Step 102: The BSC terminal obtains precoding parameters according to the load impedance corresponding to each antenna.

[0071] Specifically, the load impedance corresponding to each antenna may correspond to a different reflection coefficient, and then the precoding parameter is obtained according to the reflection coefficient and the load impedance.

[0072] Assume that M is 2 and N is 6. At a certain moment, the load impedance corresponding to antenna 1 is the load impedance Z1 of the first load, and the load impedance corresponding to antenna 2 is the load impedance Z4 of the fourth load. The precoding parameters are:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, Γ i represents the reflection coefficient corresponding to the i-th load impedance,

[0075]

[0076] Among them, Z A represents the antenna impedance, θ A represents the phase of the antenna, θ i represents the phase of the i-th load impedance.

[0077] Step 103: The BSC terminal precodes the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

[0078] Specifically, assuming that the modulated signal is s, the precoding parameters include the precoding matrix F. The precoding matrix F can be directly multiplied by the modulated signal s to precode the signal to be transmitted, and the precoded signal is transmitted to the wireless channel through the antenna. The signal backscattered to the base station can be expressed as Fs.

[0079] In the method of this embodiment, the BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the BSC terminal can obtain precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each antenna; the BSC terminal precodes the transmission signal based on the precoding parameters, wherein the load impedance can affect the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient. Therefore, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna and adjusting the reflection coefficient, beamforming can be achieved by utilizing the phase change of the reflection coefficient, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and the hardware complexity is relatively low.

[0080] The precoding technology used in the embodiments of the present application avoids hardware devices such as phase shifters required for traditional precoding, effectively reducing the hardware complexity of the BSC terminal.

[0081] Optionally, the information of the BSC terminal includes at least one of the following: the number of antennas, the number of loads, the load impedance corresponding to each load, energy storage information, carrier frequency, operating bandwidth and switching speed, etc.

[0082] In one embodiment, the number of the plurality of antennas is M, the number of the plurality of loads is N, and the load impedance of each load is Z. i ;

[0083] Alternatively, different codebooks may be generated based on different arrangements of antennas and loads of the BSC terminal. In addition, different precoding matrices may be generated from the codebook based on different connections of M antennas and N loads.

[0084] Optionally, the M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any M loads among the N loads; or,

[0085] The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any one load in K groups of N loads respectively; K is obtained by rounding N / M.

[0086] Wherein, M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to M.

[0087] Specifically, N loads can be arranged freely. Assuming the N loads are arranged linearly, M antennas can be connected to any of the N loads. This architecture offers a high degree of connection freedom, but requires more switch connections.

[0088] Alternatively, N loads can be arranged into M columns, with each antenna connected to only one impedance in a column. Compared to the previous architecture, this architecture has lower connection freedom but requires fewer switch connection lines.

[0089] In the above implementation, N loads can be arranged freely, or the N loads can be grouped and then selected to connect to the antenna. An appropriate method can be selected based on the actual application scenario, which is highly flexible.

[0090] In one embodiment, step 101 may be implemented in the following manner:

[0091] One way

[0092] The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each antenna according to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, the link state information, and the load impedances of multiple loads of the BSC terminal.

[0093] Optionally, the modulation information includes a modulation mode, and the link state information includes channel state information.

[0094] Specifically, the BSC terminal selects a load impedance corresponding to each antenna from multiple load impedances according to the modulation mode and channel state information of the signal to be transmitted, and then obtains a precoding parameter according to the load impedance corresponding to each antenna, thereby realizing beamforming.

[0095] For example, a BSC terminal has M antennas and N loads, where N is greater than M, and the load impedances of each load are Z i ; According to the modulation mode and channel state information of the signal to be transmitted, the first load is connected to the first antenna, that is, the load impedance of the first antenna corresponds to the first load, and the third load is connected to the second antenna, that is, the load impedance of the first antenna corresponds to the third load.

[0096] Optionally, the load impedance corresponding to each antenna may be determined in the following ways:

[0097] Method a:

[0098] The BSC terminal determines a first load impedance set corresponding to each antenna according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted and load impedances of the multiple loads; the first load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one load;

[0099] The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each antenna from the first load impedance set corresponding to each antenna according to the link state information.

[0100] Specifically, the signal to be transmitted is a modulated signal. According to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, such as the modulation mode, a different first load impedance set A is selected for each antenna from the load impedances of the multiple loads of the BSC terminal. i (2≤i≤M), and then based on the communication link requirements, such as link status information, from the first load impedance set A iA different load impedance is selected for each antenna in , thereby obtaining a precoding matrix.

[0101] Method b:

[0102] The BSC terminal determines a second load impedance set corresponding to each antenna based on the link state information and the load impedances of the multiple loads; the second load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one load;

[0103] The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each antenna from the second load impedance set corresponding to each antenna according to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted.

[0104] Specifically, based on the communication link requirements, such as link status information, a different second load impedance set B is selected for each antenna from the load impedances of multiple loads of the BSC terminal. i (2≤i≤M), and then according to the modulation information, such as the modulation mode, from the second load impedance set B i The optimal load impedance is selected for each antenna in , thereby obtaining the precoding matrix.

[0105] In the above implementation, the load impedance corresponding to each antenna can be determined based on the modulation information and link status information of the signal to be transmitted. The implementation is simple, that is, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna and adjusting the reflection coefficient, beamforming can be achieved by utilizing the phase change of the reflection coefficient, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and reducing the hardware complexity.

[0106] Another way

[0107] The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas according to the target direction of the beam and the link status information.

[0108] Optionally, the M antennas are arranged linearly, and each antenna is connected to a switch via a feeder line for connecting to different loads.

[0109] Optionally, the BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas according to the target direction of the beam, link status information and configuration information of the BSC terminal.

[0110] Specifically, when the tth (1≤t≤T) beam is selected, in order to achieve beam pointing in the target direction, the phase and / or amplitude information of different load impedances can be fully utilized according to the configuration information of the BSC terminal and the communication link requirements (such as channel state information), and the load to be connected to each antenna can be selected, that is, the load impedance corresponding to each antenna can be determined.

[0111] Optionally, the configuration information of the BSC terminal includes at least one of the following: the number of antennas, the number of loads, and the load impedance and energy storage conditions corresponding to the loads.

[0112] In the above implementation, the BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas based on the target direction of the beam, the link status information and the configuration information of the BSC terminal. The implementation is simple, that is, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna, the reflection coefficient is adjusted, and the phase change of the reflection coefficient can be used to achieve beamforming, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and the hardware complexity is reduced.

[0113] In one embodiment, step 102 may be implemented in the following manner:

[0114] The BSC terminal obtains the reflection coefficient corresponding to each antenna based on the load impedance corresponding to each antenna;

[0115] The BSC terminal obtains precoding parameters according to the reflection coefficients and the phase of the load impedance.

[0116] Specifically, the aforementioned formulas (4)-(6) can be used to obtain the reflection coefficient corresponding to each antenna according to the load impedance corresponding to each antenna, and then the precoding parameters can be obtained according to the phase of each reflection coefficient and the load impedance. Assuming that M is 2 and N is 6, at a certain moment, the load impedance corresponding to antenna 1 is the load impedance Z1 of the first load, and the load impedance corresponding to antenna 2 is the load impedance Z4 of the fourth load. The precoding parameters are:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, Γ i is the reflection coefficient, θ i represents the phase of the i-th load impedance.

[0119] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0120] The BSC terminal uses time division to form beams in different directions corresponding to multiple antennas based on precoding parameters;

[0121] The BSC terminal transmits the precoded signal using beams in different directions.

[0122] Specifically, the BSC terminal uses time-division beams for scanning, that is, the tth beam and the t+1th beam are formed in sequence through time division, and the precoded signal is transmitted using multiple time-division beams.

[0123] Optionally, the beam can also be a time-division random beam, that is, a different first load impedance set A is selected for each antenna according to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted.i (2≤i≤M), each moment can be selected from the first load impedance set A i Select any load impedance to use.

[0124] Alternatively, the load impedance can be selected as follows:

[0125] Control the opening / closing of different switches to connect the antenna to the load.

[0126] In the above implementation, beams in different directions corresponding to multiple antennas are formed in a time-division manner according to precoding parameters; the BSC terminal transmits the precoded signal using beams in different directions, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system and reducing the hardware complexity.

[0127] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 As shown, the BSC receives RF signals from the environment and extracts energy from them, storing it in an energy harvesting module to use as energy for its own transmitted signals. Then, to transmit the information bits stored in the memory to the receiver, the BSC terminal modulates the carrier received from the environment by changing the amplitude and phase of its backscattered signal by controlling the switching of the load impedance. By controlling the switching of the load impedance, the received carrier is modulated, assuming the modulated signal is s. Furthermore, by controlling the switching of different load impedances to change the phase information of the backscattered signal, the BSC terminal's precoding matrix F is obtained. After directly multiplying the precoding matrix F with the modulated signal s, the signal is transmitted to the wireless channel via the antenna. The signal backscattered to the base station can be represented as Fs.

[0128] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of load impedance selection for a BSC terminal is presented. Assuming the BSC terminal has two antennas and six load impedances (Z1 to Z6, with reflection coefficients Γ1 to Γ6 derived based on the load impedances), the controller controls the state (open / closed) of the switch connected to each antenna. To generate two beams in different directions (Beam 1 and Beam 2, T = 2), the load impedances are first assumed to be arranged linearly and ungrouped. At time t1, the two antennas are connected to the first and fourth loads, respectively. The phase information of the reflection coefficients Γ1 and Γ4 is selected. Based on the array response vector of the linear array, the first beam is obtained, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 6 As shown in beam 1 in ; at time t2, the two antennas are connected to the second load and the sixth load respectively, and the phase information of the reflection coefficients Γ2 and Γ6 are selected to obtain the second beam.

[0129] When choosing the load impedance for each antenna, you can choose according to the following three methods:

[0130] (1) Select different first load impedance sets A for the two antennas according to the modulation informationi (i = 1, 2), for example, A1 = {Z1, Z3, Z4, Z6}, corresponding to the reflection coefficients {Γ1, Γ3, Γ4, Γ6}, respectively, and A2 = {Z2, Z5, Z6}, corresponding to the reflection coefficients {Γ2, Γ5, Γ6}, respectively. Based on the feedback channel state information or other related information, at time t1, loads corresponding to reflection coefficients Γ1 and Γ4 are selected from the sets A1 and A2 and connected to the two antennas, respectively. At time t2, loads corresponding to Γ2 and Γ6 are selected from the sets A1 and A2 and connected to the two antennas, respectively.

[0131] (2) Selecting different second load impedance sets B for the two antennas based on the feedback channel state information or other related information i (i=1,2), for example, B1={Z1,Z3,Z4,Z6}, corresponding to the reflection coefficients {Γ1,Γ3,Γ4,Γ6}, respectively, and B2={Z2,Z5,Z6}, corresponding to the reflection coefficients {Γ2,Γ5,Γ6}, respectively. Then, based on the modulation information, the corresponding load is selected from B1 and B2 at time t1 and time t2 respectively and connected to the antenna.

[0132] (3) The impedance is selected for each antenna based on the modulation information and communication link requirements. Finally, at time t1, the loads corresponding to Γ1 and Γ4 are selected and connected to the two antennas respectively. At time t2, the loads corresponding to Γ2 and Γ6 are selected and connected to the two antennas respectively.

[0133] In this embodiment, any antenna is connected to the load, and there is no need to group the load impedance. Therefore, the hardware architecture in this embodiment has a more flexible connection state and a high degree of freedom, but requires 2×6=12 switch connection lines for connecting the antenna and the load.

[0134] In another embodiment, Figure 7 As shown in Figure 1, when the antenna selects the first and fifth loads at time t1, the phase information corresponding to the reflection coefficients Γ1 and Γ5 is selected. After selecting Γ1 and Γ5, the phase change of the excitation current, based on the array response vector of the linear array, can obtain the first beam, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 is shown as beam 1 in . Similarly, Figure 7 2 shows a schematic diagram of how beam 2 can be generated assuming that the second and sixth loads (with corresponding reflection coefficients of Γ2 and Γ6, respectively) are selected.

[0135] After the load impedances are grouped, there are three ways to select the load impedance for each antenna. Figure 6The selection method in the embodiment is similar, except that the set of selectable load impedances for the antenna is smaller under this different selection method. This is because after the load impedances are grouped, each antenna can only be connected to one load in a certain column. Therefore, the set of selectable load impedances is smaller, and the degree of connection freedom is correspondingly reduced.

[0136] In this embodiment, the six load impedances are first divided into two groups, and each antenna can only be connected to any one of the loads in one group. Therefore, the degree of freedom and flexibility are low, but only 1×3+1×3=6 switch connection lines are required.

[0137] In summary, by selecting different load impedances and obtaining the precoding matrix, beam scanning of the BSC terminal can be achieved, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the BSC and extending its coverage range.

[0138] Wireless channels in free space are subject to various interferences. If modulated signals are directly transmitted, they will suffer severe distortion and fading, resulting in high bit error rates and detection difficulties. Therefore, the embodiments of this application introduce multi-antenna precoding technology. Without increasing the hardware complexity of the BSC terminal, this technology achieves different beam orientations by switching different load impedances for each antenna and jointly controlling the phase changes of different reflection coefficients. This enhances the transmission performance and reliability of the BSC system.

[0139] It should be noted that the precoding method for a BSC provided in the embodiments of the present application may be performed by a precoding apparatus for a BSC, or by a processing module in the precoding apparatus for a BSC that is configured to perform the precoding method for a BSC. In the embodiments of the present application, the precoding apparatus for a BSC provided in the embodiments of the present application is described by taking the execution of the precoding method for a BSC by a precoding apparatus for a BSC as an example.

[0140] Figure 8 This is one of the structural diagrams of the precoding device for BSC provided by this application. Figure 8 As shown, the precoding apparatus 500 for BSC provided in this embodiment includes:

[0141] A determination module 210 is configured to determine a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal;

[0142] An acquisition module 211 is configured to acquire a precoding parameter according to a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0143] The processing module 212 is configured to precode the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

[0144] In the device of this embodiment, the determination module determines the load impedance corresponding to each antenna among the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the acquisition module can obtain precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each antenna; the processing module precodes the transmission signal according to the precoding parameters, wherein the load impedance can affect the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient. Therefore, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna and adjusting the reflection coefficient, beamforming can be achieved by utilizing the phase change of the reflection coefficient, thereby realizing the enhancement of the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and the hardware complexity is relatively low.

[0145] Optionally, the determining module 210 is specifically configured to:

[0146] The load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas is determined according to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, the link state information, and the load impedances of the multiple loads of the BSC terminal.

[0147] Optionally, the determining module 210 is specifically configured to:

[0148] Determining a first load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted and the load impedances of the plurality of loads; the first load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads;

[0149] determining, according to the link state information, a load impedance corresponding to each antenna from a first load impedance set corresponding to each antenna; or

[0150] Determining a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to the link state information and the load impedances of the plurality of loads; wherein the second load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads;

[0151] Determining, according to modulation information of a signal to be transmitted, a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas from a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0152] The modulation information includes a modulation mode, and the link state information includes channel state information.

[0153] Optionally, the determining module 210 is specifically configured to:

[0154] The load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas is determined according to the target direction of the beam, link status information and configuration information of the BSC terminal.

[0155] Optionally, the configuration information of the BSC terminal includes at least one of the following: the number of antennas, the number of loads, the load impedance corresponding to the loads, and energy storage information.

[0156] Optionally, the acquisition module 211 is specifically configured to:

[0157] Obtaining a reflection coefficient corresponding to each of the antennas according to a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0158] Precoding parameters are obtained according to the reflection coefficients and the phases of the load impedances.

[0159] Optionally, the number of the multiple antennas is M, and the number of the multiple loads is N;

[0160] The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any M loads among the N loads respectively; or,

[0161] The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any one of the K groups of N loads respectively; K is obtained by rounding N / M;

[0162] Wherein, M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to M.

[0163] Optionally, the processing module 212 is further configured to:

[0164] forming beams in different directions corresponding to the multiple antennas in a time division manner according to the precoding parameters;

[0165] The precoded signal is transmitted using the beams in different directions.

[0166] The device of this embodiment can be used to execute the method of any of the aforementioned terminal side method embodiments. Its specific implementation process and technical effects are similar to those in the terminal side method embodiments. For details, please refer to the detailed introduction in the terminal side method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0167] The precoding device for a BSC in the embodiments of the present application can be a device, a device or electronic device with an operating system, or a component, integrated circuit, or chip in a terminal. The device or electronic device can be a mobile terminal or a non-mobile terminal. For example, mobile terminals can include, but are not limited to, the types of terminals 11 listed above, and non-mobile terminals can include servers, network attached storage (NAS), personal computers (PCs), televisions (TVs), ATMs, or self-service kiosks, etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0168] The precoding device for BSC provided in the embodiment of the present application can achieve Figures 2 to 7The various processes implemented by the method embodiment achieve the same technical effect and are not described here again to avoid repetition.

[0169] Optional, such as Figure 9 As shown, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 900, including a processor 901, a memory 902, and a program or instruction stored in the memory 902 and executable on the processor 901. For example, when the communication device 900 is a terminal, the program or instruction, when executed by the processor 901, implements the various processes of the above-described embodiment of the precoding method for a BSC and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0170] The embodiment of the present application further provides a backscatter communication BSC terminal, including:

[0171] processor, multiple antennas, and multiple payloads;

[0172] Among them, the multiple antennas are connected to the multiple loads through switches, and the processor is used to implement the method of the above-mentioned terminal side method embodiment. The various implementation processes and implementation methods of the above-mentioned method embodiments can be applied to the terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0173] The embodiment of the present application also provides a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to determine the load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; obtain precoding parameters according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; precode the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters, and the communication interface is used to communicate with the network side device. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned terminal side method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the above-mentioned method embodiment can be applied to this terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. Specifically, Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal for implementing an embodiment of the present application.

[0174] The terminal 1000 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 1001, a network module 1002, an audio output unit 1003, an input unit 1004, a sensor 1005, a display unit 1006, a user input unit 1007, an interface unit 1008, a memory 1009, and at least some of the components of the processor 1010.

[0175] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terminal 1000 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power each component, and the power supply may be logically connected to the processor 1010 through a power management system, thereby implementing functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. Figure 10The terminal structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently, which will not be repeated here.

[0176] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 1004 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 10041 and a microphone 10042, and the graphics processor 10041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 1006 may include a display panel 10061, and the display panel 10061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 1007 includes a touch panel 10071 and other input devices 10072. The touch panel 10071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 10071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 10072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and an operating stick, which will not be repeated here.

[0177] In this embodiment of the present application, RF unit 1001 receives downlink data from a network-side device and transmits it to processor 1010 for processing. Furthermore, RF unit 1001 transmits uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, RF unit 1001 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, at least one amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

[0178] The memory 1009 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 1009 may mainly include a program or instruction storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program or instruction storage area may store an operating system, at least one application program or instruction required for a function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 1009 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, wherein the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. For example, at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device.

[0179] Processor 1010 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, processor 1010 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily processes the operating system, user interface, and application programs or instructions, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communications, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 1010.

[0180] The processor 1010 is configured to determine a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal;

[0181] Obtaining precoding parameters according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0182] The signal to be transmitted is precoded according to the precoding parameters.

[0183] In this embodiment, the processor determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the processor can obtain precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each antenna. The processor precodes the transmission signal based on the precoding parameters, wherein the load impedance can affect the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient. Therefore, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna and adjusting the reflection coefficient, beamforming can be achieved by utilizing the phase change of the reflection coefficient, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and the hardware complexity is relatively low.

[0184] Optionally, the processor 1010 is specifically configured to:

[0185] The load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas is determined according to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, the link state information, and the load impedances of the multiple loads of the BSC terminal.

[0186] Optionally, the processor 1010 is specifically configured to:

[0187] Determining a first load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted and the load impedances of the plurality of loads; the first load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads;

[0188] determining, according to the link state information, a load impedance corresponding to each antenna from a first load impedance set corresponding to each antenna; or

[0189] Determining a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to the link state information and the load impedances of the plurality of loads; wherein the second load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads;

[0190] Determining, according to modulation information of a signal to be transmitted, a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas from a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0191] The modulation information includes a modulation mode, and the link state information includes channel state information.

[0192] In the above implementation, the load impedance corresponding to each antenna can be determined based on the modulation information and link status information of the signal to be transmitted. The implementation is simple, that is, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna and adjusting the reflection coefficient, beamforming can be achieved by utilizing the phase change of the reflection coefficient, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and reducing the hardware complexity.

[0193] Optionally, the processor 1010 is specifically configured to:

[0194] The load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas is determined according to the target direction of the beam, the link status information and the configuration information of the BSC terminal.

[0195] Optionally, the configuration information of the BSC terminal includes at least one of the following: the number of antennas, the number of loads, the load impedance corresponding to the loads, and energy storage information.

[0196] In the above implementation, the BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas based on the target direction of the beam, the link status information and the configuration information of the BSC terminal. The implementation is simple, that is, by switching the load impedance corresponding to each antenna, the reflection coefficient is adjusted, and the phase change of the reflection coefficient can be used to achieve beamforming, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system through multiple antennas and precoding technology, and the hardware complexity is reduced.

[0197] Optionally, the processor 1010 is specifically configured to:

[0198] Obtaining a reflection coefficient corresponding to each of the antennas according to a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas;

[0199] Precoding parameters are obtained according to the reflection coefficients and the phases of the load impedances.

[0200] Optionally, the number of the multiple antennas is M, and the number of the multiple loads is N;

[0201] The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any M loads among the N loads respectively; or,

[0202] The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any one of the K groups of N loads respectively; K is obtained by rounding N / M;

[0203] Wherein, M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to M.

[0204] In the above implementation, N loads can be arranged freely, or the N loads can be grouped and then selected to connect to the antenna. An appropriate method can be selected based on the actual application scenario, which is highly flexible.

[0205] Optionally, the radio frequency unit 1001 is configured to:

[0206] forming beams in different directions corresponding to the multiple antennas in a time division manner according to the precoding parameters;

[0207] The precoded signal is transmitted using the beams in different directions.

[0208] In the above implementation, beams in different directions corresponding to multiple antennas are formed in a time-division manner according to precoding parameters; the BSC terminal transmits the precoded signal using beams in different directions, thereby enhancing the coverage capability of the backscatter communication system and reducing the hardware complexity.

[0209] An embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned precoding method embodiment for BSC are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, they are not described here.

[0210] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0211] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned precoding method embodiment for BSC, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0212] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0213] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a non-volatile storage medium. The program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned precoding method embodiment for BSC, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0214] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0215] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, and of course can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a computer software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), including a number of instructions for enabling a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0216] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A precoding method for backscatter communication BSC, characterized in that: include: The backscatter communication BSC terminal determines a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas corresponds to a different reflection coefficient, and the reflection coefficient is related to the antenna impedance, the phase of the antenna, the load impedance, and the phase of the load impedance; The BSC terminal obtains precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; the precoding parameters include a precoding matrix, and the BSC terminal obtains the precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas, including: the BSC terminal obtains the precoding parameters based on the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas and the reflection coefficient; or, the BSC terminal generates different codebooks based on different arrangements of the BSC terminal's antennas and loads, and generates different precoding matrices from the codebooks based on different connections between the antennas and the loads; The BSC terminal precodes the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

2. The precoding method for BSC according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backscatter communication BSC terminal determines a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal, including: The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, link status information, and load impedances of multiple loads of the BSC terminal.

3. The precoding method for BSC according to claim 2, characterized in that: The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, link state information, and load impedances of multiple loads of the BSC terminal, including: The BSC terminal determines a first load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted and the load impedances of the multiple loads; the first load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads; The BSC terminal determines, according to the link state information, the load impedance corresponding to each antenna from the first load impedance set corresponding to each antenna; or The BSC terminal determines a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas based on the link state information and the load impedances of the multiple loads; the second load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads; The BSC terminal determines, according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, a load impedance corresponding to each antenna from a second load impedance set corresponding to each antenna; The modulation information includes a modulation mode, and the link state information includes channel state information.

4. The precoding method for BSC according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backscatter communication BSC terminal determines a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal, including: The BSC terminal determines the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas according to the target direction of the beam, link status information and configuration information of the BSC terminal.

5. The precoding method for BSC according to claim 4, characterized in that: The configuration information of the BSC terminal includes at least one of the following: the number of antennas, the number of loads, the load impedance corresponding to the loads, and energy storage information.

6. The precoding method for BSC according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The BSC terminal obtains a precoding parameter according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas, including: The BSC terminal obtains the reflection coefficient corresponding to each of the antennas according to the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; The BSC terminal obtains a precoding parameter according to each of the reflection coefficients and the phase of the load impedance.

7. The precoding method for BSC according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The number of the multiple antennas is M, and the number of the multiple loads is N; The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any M loads among the N loads respectively; or, The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any one of the K groups of N loads respectively; K is obtained by rounding N / M; Wherein, M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to M.

8. The precoding method for BSC according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The BSC terminal forms beams in different directions corresponding to the multiple antennas in a time division manner according to the precoding parameters; The BSC terminal transmits the precoded signal using the beams in different directions.

9. A precoding device for backscatter communication BSC, characterized in that: include: A determination module is configured to determine a load impedance corresponding to each of the multiple antennas of the BSC terminal; the load impedance corresponding to each antenna corresponds to a different reflection coefficient, and the reflection coefficient is related to the antenna impedance, the antenna phase, the load impedance, and the phase of the load impedance; an acquisition module, configured to acquire a precoding parameter based on a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; the precoding parameter includes a precoding matrix, and the acquisition module is specifically configured to acquire the precoding parameter based on the load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas and the reflection coefficient; or, generating different codebooks based on different arrangements of antennas and loads of the BSC terminal, and generating different precoding matrices from the codebooks based on different connections between each of the antennas and each of the loads; The processing module is configured to precode the signal to be transmitted according to the precoding parameters.

10. The precoding device for BSC according to claim 9, characterized in that: The determining module is specifically configured to: The load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas is determined according to the modulation information of the signal to be transmitted, the link state information, and the load impedances of the multiple loads of the BSC terminal.

11. The precoding device for BSC according to claim 10, characterized in that: The determining module is specifically configured to: Determining a first load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to modulation information of the signal to be transmitted and the load impedances of the plurality of loads; the first load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads; determining, according to the link state information, a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas from a first load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas; or, Determining a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas according to the link state information and the load impedances of the plurality of loads; wherein the second load impedance set includes the load impedance of at least one of the loads; Determining, according to modulation information of a signal to be transmitted, a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas from a second load impedance set corresponding to each of the antennas; The modulation information includes a modulation mode, and the link state information includes channel state information.

12. The precoding device for BSC according to claim 9, characterized in that: The determining module is specifically configured to: The load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas is determined according to the target direction of the beam, link status information and configuration information of the BSC terminal.

13. The precoding device for BSC according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: The acquisition module is specifically used to: Obtaining a reflection coefficient corresponding to each of the antennas according to a load impedance corresponding to each of the antennas; Precoding parameters are obtained according to the reflection coefficients and the phases of the load impedances.

14. The precoding device for BSC according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: The number of the multiple antennas is M, and the number of the multiple loads is N; The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any M loads among the N loads respectively; or, The M antennas of the BSC terminal correspond to any one of the K groups of N loads respectively; K is obtained by rounding N / M; Wherein, M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to M.

15. The precoding device for BSC according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: The processing module is further configured to: forming beams in different directions corresponding to the multiple antennas in a time division manner according to the precoding parameters; The precoded signal is transmitted using the beams in different directions.

16. A backscatter communication BSC terminal, characterized in that: include: processor, multiple antennas, and multiple payloads; The plurality of antennas are connected to the plurality of loads via switches, and the processor is configured to implement the steps of the precoding method for backscatter communication BSC according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

17. A backscatter communication BSC terminal, characterized in that: The system comprises a processor, a memory, and a program or instruction stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the precoding method for backscatter communication BSC according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

18. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores a program or instruction, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the precoding method for backscatter communication BSC according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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