A femoral neck fracture bone system

Abstract

This invention provides a femoral neck fracture fixation system, relating to the field of orthopedic medical devices. Addressing the current problems of poor anti-rotation performance and cumbersome guide structure layout leading to long surgical times during femoral neck fracture fixation, this invention employs a fixation plate combined with a guide section. A guide groove is formed on the guide section to guide the inserted locking screw, eliminating the need for additional guide structures and saving surgical time. The fixation plate located on the femoral side provides restraint to the locking screw, improving its stability and anti-rotation capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of orthopedic medical devices, specifically to a femoral neck fracture repair system. Background Technology

[0002] Femoral neck fractures are a common type of fracture in clinical practice. For unstable femoral neck fractures, internal fixation is currently the most common treatment method. However, the incidence of postoperative nonunion and femoral head necrosis is very high. Current techniques mainly employ the following methods to treat femoral neck fractures:

[0003] I. Three cannulated screws are used to fix femoral neck fractures. The three cannulated screws are parallel to each other within the femoral neck, with their tails arranged in either an equilateral triangle or an inverted triangle. Currently, the inverted triangle arrangement is more common to reduce the impact on blood supply to the femoral head. The three cannulated screws can, to some extent, prevent rotation of the femoral head. The screws are inserted below the femoral trochanter, passing through the femoral trochanter, femoral neck, and reaching the femoral head to fix the fracture ends. Because the three cannulated screws are not interconnected and lack other support and fixation, they have the following drawbacks: 1. The lateral wall of the femur lacks sufficient holding force, especially in elderly patients with osteoporosis, making the cannulated screws prone to loosening and causing femoral head varus deformity; 2. Although the spatial arrangement of the three cannulated screws provides some anti-rotation, the lack of strong fixation on the lateral wall of the femur makes the cannulated screws prone to twisting deformity within the femoral neck, losing their anti-rotation properties; 3. During the healing process of femoral neck fractures, bone resorption can easily lead to screw dislodgement, causing local discomfort for the patient, and in severe cases, nonunion; 4. The three cannulated screws must be inserted parallel to each other. Empirical insertion cannot guarantee the position of the cannulated screws. Usually, three guide pins are inserted first, and then the three cannulated screws are inserted along the three guide pins, which is a relatively cumbersome operation.

[0004] II. Treatment of femoral neck fractures using dynamic hip screws. Compared to method one, this method offers significantly improved biomechanical strength. The lateral angled plate provides excellent compressive strength. However, this method has the following drawbacks when used for femoral neck fracture reduction: 1. Due to its large size, the insertion of the head-neck screw may cause rotational displacement of the femoral head; 2. A single head screw cannot provide sufficient anti-rotation performance, and postoperative rotational displacement of the femoral head can easily lead to internal fixation failure.

[0005] III. Treatment of femoral neck fractures using proximal femoral cannulated screw locking plates. In the treatment of femoral neck fractures, the addition of a lateral plate improves compressive and rotational resistance. However, this method also has the following drawbacks: 1. The spatial arrangement of the three cannulated screws is not ideal, failing to provide maximum space-occupying effect; 2. The structure of the three cannulated screws cannot achieve continuous postoperative compression to ensure femoral neck fracture healing; 3. The precision of cannulated screw insertion cannot be guaranteed, still requiring the insertion of three guide pins first, followed by the insertion of the three cannulated screws along the guide pins, making the operation cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a femoral neck fracture repair system. This system uses a fixation plate combined with a guide segment, on which a guide groove is formed to guide the inserted locking screw. This eliminates the need for additional guide structures, saving surgical time. The fixation plate located on the femoral side provides restraint for the locking screw, improving its stability and anti-rotation capability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the following solution is adopted:

[0008] A femoral neck fracture repair system includes a fixation plate for fitting the femur and a guide section for insertion into the femoral trochanter. The guide section is connected to the fixation plate, and the fixation plate has fixation holes for fitting fixation screws. The guide section has at least two guide grooves, and the fixation plate has locking screw holes that correspond to and communicate with the guide grooves one by one. The inner wall of the guide groove is arc-shaped along a cross section perpendicular to its axis.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-section of the guide groove perpendicular to its axis is larger than a semicircle, so that the guide groove forms an opening on the side wall of the guide section.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide section is columnar, and the axis of the guide groove forms an acute angle with the axis of the guide section.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially around the axis of the guide section, and adjacent guide grooves are arranged at intervals.

[0012] Furthermore, the guide groove is a smooth groove, or the guide groove is provided with a threaded section that engages with a locking pin.

[0013] Furthermore, the guide hole is a threaded hole, and the diameter of the threaded hole is larger than the diameter of the arc-shaped cross section corresponding to the guide groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the guide section is provided with three guide grooves, each of which is fitted with a locking pin. The locking pins are screws capable of self-locking.

[0015] Furthermore, the end of the locking pin that does not pass through the guide groove is provided with a threaded portion, which mates with the guide hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the fixing plate is provided with at least two fixing holes, and the fixing holes are provided with an angle adjustment part to adjust the orientation of the fixing pins that fit into the fixing holes.

[0017] Furthermore, the guide section and the fixing plate are an integral structure, and the locking pin hole and the guide groove are arranged coaxially.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0019] (1) To address the problems of poor anti-rotation performance and complicated layout of guiding structures leading to long operation time when fixing femoral neck fractures, a fixation plate combined with a guiding section is adopted. A guiding groove is formed on the guiding section to guide the inserted locking screw. No additional guiding structure is required, saving operation time. The fixation plate located on the femoral side can provide restraint for the locking screw, improve the stability and anti-rotation ability of the locking screw, and prevent the locking screw from coming out.

[0020] (2) After drilling a hole in the trochanter of the femur and inserting the guide section, a guide structure for the locking nail is formed, which makes it easy to install and position. There is no need to set a guide pin, so a solid locking nail can be used. Under the premise of meeting the fixation strength, the size of the locking nail can be reduced, thus reducing damage to the trochanter of the femur.

[0021] (3) At least two guide grooves are provided in the guide section. The sides of the guide grooves are open. On the one hand, while ensuring that the guide grooves constrain the locking pins, the guide grooves can reduce the occupation of the guide section and reduce the size of the guide section, thereby reducing the drilling size of the femoral trochanter when inserting the guide section and reducing damage to the femoral trochanter. On the other hand, the side of the locking pin that is in conjunction with the guide groove can also contact the femur, increasing the contact area between the locking pin and the femur, thereby improving its fixation ability.

[0022] (4) When the arc-shaped guide groove is a smooth groove structure, the locking pin slides with the guide groove. The cross-section of the arc-shaped guide groove is larger than a semicircle. After the locking pin is placed into the arc-shaped guide groove, it cannot slide out of the arc-shaped guide groove, thus maintaining the guidance when the locking pin is placed and effectively ensuring the accuracy of the locking pin placement position.

[0023] (5) When the guide groove is provided with a threaded section, the locking pin rod is also provided with a thread. The locking pin and the arc-shaped guide groove thread cooperate with each other. On the one hand, the guide groove effectively ensures the guiding effect of the locking pin when the locking pin is inserted, so that the guide pin is not needed. On the other hand, it enhances the connection strength between the locking pin and the guide section, effectively ensuring the locking effect. The cross-section of the guide groove is larger than a semicircle, which effectively ensures the connection strength between the rod of the locking pin and the guide groove.

[0024] (6) The guide hole of the connecting guide groove is configured as a threaded hole, which can be adapted to the thread of the locking pin head. After the locking pin rod is inserted into the femoral neck along the guide groove, it can effectively prevent the locking pin from retracting outward. Adjusting the position of the locking pin head and the threaded hole can achieve locking pin pressure.

[0025] (7) Multiple guide grooves are configured to match multiple locking pins. The guide grooves are set at an acute angle to the axis of the guide section, which can improve the utilization rate of the guide section. Compared with the guide grooves arranged axially parallel to the guide section, the size of the guide section can be further reduced. At the same time, when the screws are engaged in the guide grooves, a rotating distribution spatial structure can be formed to help the fixing plate resist torsion and improve anti-rotation.

[0026] (8) An angle adjustment structure is configured in the fixation hole, which can control the direction of the fixation nail when it is inserted according to the needs, adapt to the femur of different patients, improve its adaptability, and ensure the connection stability between the fixation plate and the femur. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the femoral neck fracture bone setting system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the femoral neck fracture bone setting system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the femoral neck fracture bone setting system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a front view of the femoral neck fracture bone setting system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guide segment and locking screw in the femoral neck fracture bone setting system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the shape of the guide groove in the guide section of the femoral neck fracture bone setting system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Among them, 1. fixing plate, 2. guide hole, 3. fixing hole, 4. guide section, 5. guide groove, 6. locking pin. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Example 1

[0036] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a femoral neck fracture repair system is presented.

[0037] Currently, when treating femoral neck fractures, the needle is inserted below the femoral trochanter, passing through the trochanter, femoral neck, and femoral head to fix the fracture ends. However, the current method of inserting locking screws requires guide pins and guide frames, making the procedure cumbersome. Furthermore, the inserted locking screws have poor anti-rotation properties, making them prone to torsion deformities within the femoral neck, thus affecting treatment outcomes. Additionally, hollow locking screws are required to match the guide structures, resulting in larger screw sizes and greater damage to the femur after implantation.

[0038] Based on this, this embodiment provides a femoral neck fracture bone setting system, which adopts a combination of fixation plate 1 and guide segment 4. The structure is novel. When inserting locking screw 6, there is no need to use guide pin, which greatly saves operation time. Solid locking screw 6 can be used, reducing the size of locking screw 6 and thus reducing damage to the femoral head and neck. The fixation plate 1 is fixed to the femur by fixation screws, which increases the connection strength and anti-rotation properties and reduces the screw withdrawal rate.

[0039] The femoral neck fracture bone setting system provided in this embodiment will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] See Figure 1 The femoral neck fracture bone setting system includes a fixation plate 1 that matches the outer contour of the femur and a guide segment 4 that can be inserted into the trochanter of the femur. The fixation plate 1 can be attached to the femur. After the locking nail 6 passes through the fixation plate 1 and is inserted into the femoral neck, it can fix the femoral neck fracture. The guide segment 4 is integrally formed with the fixation plate 1. The fixation plate 1 is provided with fixation holes 3 that cooperate with the fixation nail, which can fix the fixation plate 1 attached to the femur to the femur. The edge of the guide segment 4 is provided with at least two guide grooves 5 that cooperate with the locking nail 6. The fixation plate 1 is provided with the same number of guide holes 2 as the guide grooves 5. The guide grooves 5 and guide holes 2 are connected one-to-one. After each guide groove 5 is connected to the corresponding guide hole 2, they together form a guide channel. One end of the locking nail 6 passes through the guide hole 2 and the guide groove 5 in sequence and is inserted into the femoral neck. The other end of the locking nail 6 can cooperate with the guide hole 2 and be fixed at the position of the guide hole 2.

[0041] The locking pin 6 includes a head and a rod. The guide hole 2 is a threaded hole that can mate with the head of the locking pin 6. The locking pin 6 can be adjusted and pressure can be applied through the threaded engagement.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the diameter of the threaded hole is larger than the diameter of the arc-shaped cross section corresponding to the guide groove 5, which limits the maximum length of the locking pin 6 inserted into the femoral neck; after the head of the locking pin 6 is fitted with the guide hole 2, the protrusion of the locking pin 6 outside the fixation plate 1 is reduced.

[0043] The inner wall of guide groove 5 is an arc-shaped surface, such as... Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the guide groove 5 is a partially cylindrical surface with an opening on one side. Under the premise of being able to cooperate with the locking pin 6, compared with directly opening a through hole structure on the guide section 4, the volume occupied by the guide groove 5 in the guide section 4 can be reduced. Since the cross-section of the guide groove 5 is larger than a semicircle, the locking pin 6 will not come out from the opening on one side of the guide groove 5.

[0044] A guide groove 5 is set on the guide section 4 to guide and constrain the locking pin 6. On the one hand, while ensuring that the guide groove 5 constrains the locking pin 6, the guide groove 5 can reduce the occupation of the guide section 4. The local arc surface can also constrain and guide the locking pin 6, reduce the size of the guide section 4, thereby reducing the drilling size of the femoral trochanter when inserting the guide section 4 and reducing damage to the femoral trochanter.

[0045] In addition, the guide groove 5 has an opening on one side. After the locking pin 6 is engaged with the guide groove 5, part of the side of the locking pin 6 protrudes outside the guide section 4. Thus, the structure of the locking pin 6 protruding outside the guide groove 5 can also contact the femur, increasing the contact area between the locking pin 6 and the femur, thereby improving its fixation ability.

[0046] like Figure 6 As shown, the diameter of the rod portion of the locking pin 6 inserted into the femur is larger than the size of the opening on one side of the guide groove 5, so that it cannot come out from the side opening of the guide groove 5, thus meeting the guidance requirements when the locking pin 6 is inserted.

[0047] In this embodiment, the guide groove 5 is configured as a smooth groove structure, allowing the rod of the locking nail 6 to slide along the guide groove 5, ensuring good guidance for the locking nail 6. Therefore, when inserting the locking nail 6 through the guide hole 2 and the guide groove 5, the operation of arranging guide pins and guide supports is eliminated, saving surgical time.

[0048] See Figure 1 Taking a guide segment 4 with three evenly spaced arc-shaped guide grooves 5 as an example, the fixation plate 1 has two fixation holes 3. Each guide groove 5 is fitted with a locking pin 6, which can pass through the femoral neck from the femoral tuberosity and enter the femoral head to complete the bone setting at the femoral neck fracture site. Each fixation hole 3 is fitted with a fixation screw. The fixation plate 1 is installed on one side of the femur. The side of the fixation plate 1 that contacts the femur is adapted to the femur. A curved structure can be configured so that one side of the fixation plate 1 can form a good fit with the femur, improving the stability of the connection between the fixation plate 1 and the femur.

[0049] All guide grooves 5 are evenly distributed around the axis of guide section 4, and adjacent guide grooves 5 are arranged at intervals to prevent mutual interference between adjacent guide grooves 5, ensuring that each locking pin 6 can move independently, isolating the insertion positions of the locking pins 6, and improving the connection strength of the locking pins 6.

[0050] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the head of the locking pin 6 that does not pass through the guide groove 5 is provided with a threaded part, which mates with the guide hole 2. The guide hole 2 is a threaded hole, and the threaded hole is threadedly connected to the head of the locking pin 6. By configuring the guide hole 2, which connects to the guide groove 5, as a threaded hole, it can be adapted to the thread of the head of the locking pin 6. After the rod of the locking pin 6 is inserted into the femoral neck along the guide groove 5, it can effectively prevent the locking pin 6 from retracting outward. By adjusting the position of the head of the locking pin 6 and the threaded hole, pressure can be applied to the locking pin 6.

[0051] It should be noted that the guide section 4 is columnar, and the axis of the guide groove 5 forms an acute angle with the axis of the guide section 4; multiple guide grooves 5 are matched with multiple locking pins 6, and the guide grooves 5 are set at an acute angle with the axis of the guide section 4, which can improve the utilization rate of the guide section 4. Compared with the guide grooves 5 arranged axially parallel to the guide section 4, the size of the guide section 4 can be further reduced.

[0052] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the guide groove 5 corresponding to the circle is 6mm. The matching locking pin 6 is a solid locking pin 6 with a diameter of 6mm for the rod portion. The diameter of the guide section 4 is 12mm, and three guide grooves 5 are configured on the guide section 4. When the screw is engaged in the guide groove 5, a rotationally distributed spatial structure can be formed, which helps the fixing plate 1 resist torsion and improves anti-rotation performance.

[0053] The guide section 4 and the fixation plate 1 are an integral structure. The locking pin 6 holes are arranged coaxially with the guide groove 5. The axis of the guide section 4 is arranged at an angle to the plane of the fixation plate 1. This angle matches the relative direction of the femoral neck and the femur.

[0054] The fixing plate 1 is provided with at least two fixing holes 3. An adjustment part is provided in the fixing hole 3 to adjust the direction of the fixing nail that fits the fixing hole 3. In this embodiment, the adjustment part can adopt a structure in which a rotating ball with a hole is embedded in the fixing hole 3. The hole of the rotating ball is for the fixing nail to pass through. The rotating ball is embedded in the fixing hole 3 and will not come out. The orientation of the axis of the inner hole of the rotating ball can be adjusted by rotating it, thereby achieving the adjustment of the direction of the fixing nail.

[0055] In other embodiments, the angle adjustment part can also adopt a structure of multiple sets of threads superimposed, with different sets of threads arranged in the fixing hole 3 at the same time. The axial directions of the different sets of threads are different, so the thread with the required direction can be selected to install the fixing nail according to the needs, and the purpose of installing fixing nails with different directions can also be achieved.

[0056] An adjustable structure is configured within the fixation hole 3, which allows for control over the direction of the fixation pin insertion as needed, adapting to the femur of different patients, improving its suitability, and ensuring the connection stability between the fixation plate 1 and the femur.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, a femoral neck fracture repair system is presented.

[0059] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 lies in the structure of the guide groove 5. In this embodiment, the guide groove 5 is a non-smooth groove structure. The guide groove 5 is provided with a threaded section that matches the locking pin 6. At the same time, the axis of the guide groove 5 is parallel to the axis of the guide section 4.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, when the locking pin 6 and the guide groove 5 are engaged, the thread of the locking rod engages with the threaded section in the guide groove 5, which guides the locking pin 6. The threaded engagement improves the guiding effect, allowing the locking pin 6 to be inserted stably. This avoids problems such as pin retraction and wobbling caused by insufficient bone strength when the locking pin 6 is inserted into the femur, ensuring that the locking pin 6 can be inserted effectively.

[0061] When the guide groove 5 engages with the headed locking pin 6, the head of the headed locking pin 6 is also threaded, the internal thread of the guide hole 2 is connected to the threaded head of the locking pin 6, and the shank of the headed locking pin 6 is threadedly engaged with the arc-shaped guide groove 5.

[0062] When the guide groove 5 engages with the headless locking pin 6, the internal thread of the guide hole 2 is connected to the threaded plug of the headless locking pin 6. The end of the headless screw connected to the threaded plug is provided with a groove, and the threaded plug is provided with a protrusion that engages with the groove. The headless locking pin 6 is threadedly engaged with the guide groove 5, and the threaded plug is threadedly engaged with the internal thread of the guide hole 2 to position the headless locking pin 6 and prevent the headless locking pin 6 from retracting outward.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, a femoral neck fracture repair system is presented.

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 lies in the structure of the guide groove 5. In this embodiment, the axis of the guide groove 5 is parallel to the axis of the guide segment 4.

[0066] The guide groove 5 also fits with locking pins 6, so that the axes of the multiple locking pins 6 fitting on the guide section 4 are parallel, forming a shape like... Figure 3 The structure shown.

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A femoral neck fracture bone setting system, characterized in that, It includes a fixation plate for adapting to the femur and a guide section for inserting into the trochanter of the femur. The guide section is connected to the fixation plate, and the fixation plate is provided with fixation holes for fixing screws to engage. The guide section is provided with at least two guide grooves, and the fixation plate is provided with guide holes that correspond to and communicate with the guide grooves one by one. The inner wall of the guide groove is arc-shaped along a section perpendicular to its axis. The guide groove has a cross-section larger than a semicircle along its axis, forming an opening in the side wall of the guide section; the guide hole is a threaded hole, and the diameter of the threaded hole is larger than the diameter of the arc-shaped cross-section corresponding to the guide groove; the end of the locking pin that does not pass through the guide groove is provided with a threaded part, which mates with the guide hole. After the locking pin is fitted into the guide groove, part of the side of the locking pin protrudes outside the guide section, so that the locking pin structure protruding outside the guide groove can also contact the femur, increasing the contact area between the locking pin and the femur. The diameter of the rod portion of the locking pin inserted into the femur is larger than the size of the opening on one side of the guide groove, thus preventing it from coming out of the side opening of the guide groove. The guide section is columnar, and the axis of the guide groove forms an acute angle with the axis of the guide section; the guide groove is evenly distributed circumferentially around the axis of the guide section; the guide section and the fixing plate are an integral structure.

2. The femoral neck fracture bone setting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Adjacent guide grooves are arranged at intervals.

3. The femoral neck fracture bone setting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide groove is a smooth groove, or the guide groove is provided with a threaded section that matches the locking pin.

4. The femoral neck fracture bone setting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide section is provided with three guide grooves, and each guide groove is fitted with a locking pin.

5. The femoral neck fracture bone setting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing plate is provided with at least two fixing holes, and the fixing holes are provided with an angle adjustment part to adjust the direction of the fixing pins that fit into the fixing holes.

6. The femoral neck fracture bone setting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide hole and guide groove are arranged coaxially.

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