A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle, wherein a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell system are arranged in a power generation cabin, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the fuel cell system through a pipeline, and a battery pack electrically connected to the fuel cell system is also arranged on the tricycle, and the fuel cell system and the battery pack are respectively connected to the driving system of the vehicle body for power supply; a heating component and a temperature sensor for monitoring the internal temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank are arranged on the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, the battery pack is electrically connected to the heating component, and a control device is connected to the temperature sensor, the battery pack, the fuel cell system and the driving system for control. The present invention arranges a battery pack, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell system in the power generation cabin of the tricycle, and the battery pack provides an initial starting power supply for the driving system to make the electric tricycle travel, and at the same time heats the solid-state hydrogen storage tank to release hydrogen, and enters the fuel cell system to generate electricity, thereby solving the problems of short cruising range, inconvenient charging and insufficient power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle. Of course, the electric tricycle can also be used in other two-wheel electric vehicles or four-wheel electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the diversified market space has continued to expand, and short-distance transportation has played an increasingly important role. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of rural roads and the gradual increase in farmers' income, electric tricycle products have appeared more and more in people's vision due to their environmental protection, energy saving, convenience and practicality. It is predicted that within a few years, the number of electric tricycles in China will be calculated in tens of millions, which is a rapid development.

[0003] However, in actual applications, it is found that the power reserves of existing electric tricycles are mainly borne by lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Although the pollution problem has been overcome to a certain extent, the recycling of waste batteries is still not perfect, and there is still a great threat to the environment. Both have the problems of short battery life, slow charging, difficult charging, and life reduction. In addition, lithium-ion batteries have some safety hazards and the disadvantage of expensive replacement. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art and in order to solve the shortcomings of current electric tricycles such as short battery life, slow charging, difficult charging, life degradation and high replacement cost, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle. The battery pack used as a backup power source is only responsible for starting the tricycle and heating the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, which solves the cost problem of short-term replacement of batteries as the main power source and greatly reduces the pollution disadvantages of subsequent recycling and treatment.

[0005] A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle comprises a body, a power generation cabin and a control device arranged on the body, wherein a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell system are arranged in the power generation cabin, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the fuel cell system through a pipeline, the tricycle is provided with a battery pack electrically connected to the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system and the battery pack are respectively connected to the driving system of the body for power supply; the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is also provided with a heating component and a temperature sensor for monitoring the internal temperature thereof, the battery pack is electrically connected to the heating component, and the control device is connected to the temperature sensor, the battery pack, the fuel cell system and the driving system to form a control connection.

[0006] Furthermore, the power generation cabin is arranged below the seat on the vehicle body, the seat is isolated from the power generation cabin by a heat insulation pad, an air-cooling air inlet is provided on the windward side of the power generation cabin, the fuel cell system is arranged close to the air-cooling air inlet, and an exhaust port is provided on the lower part of the leeward side of the power generation cabin.

[0007] The seat is arranged at the upper opening of the power generation cabin, and a movable hinge is arranged at the front end of the power generation cabin, and the movable hinge is hinged with the front end of the seat.

[0008] The solid-state hydrogen storage tank is arranged in parallel with the fuel cell system in the power generation cabin and forms a gap with the inner side of the power generation cabin. The bottom of the power generation cabin is provided with a partition perpendicular to the flow direction of the hot air at the bottom. The partition is located at the lower end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and is arranged on the partition to prevent the hot air in the power generation cabin from short-circuiting.

[0009] The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell generator and a power controller. The fuel cell generator is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a connecting pipeline, and a shut-off valve is also provided on the connecting pipeline. The shut-off valve and the battery pack are electrically connected to the power controller respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the battery pack is a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, and the fuel cell generator is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0011] Furthermore, the tricycle is also provided with a power lock electrically connected to the battery pack and the control device.

[0012] The solid-state hydrogen storage tank is also provided with a pressure sensor, which is connected to the control device through a signal line and is used to detect the pressure of released hydrogen in the solid-state gas storage tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the handlebars of the vehicle body are also provided with an instrument display screen electrically connected to the control device for displaying the working status of the vehicle.

[0014] The fuel cell system is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] A. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle provided by the present invention has a hydrogen fuel cell system that uses hydrogen as a reducing agent and oxygen as an oxidant. When the fuel cell system is working, the only product is water, and there is no exhaust gas emission. When the electric tricycle starts to start driving, the battery pack provides power for the drive system and enables the electric tricycle to drive, and at the same time supplies power to other auxiliary electrical devices and heating components to enable the auxiliary electrical devices to work. After the heating component generates heat, the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is released and enters the fuel cell system. When the power generation requirement is met, the fuel cell system will independently supply power to the drive system and auxiliary electrical devices. When there is excess electric energy, the excess electric energy will be stored in the battery pack. When there is power feed, the battery pack will automatically replenish electric energy to assist the drive system, thereby solving the problems of short cruising range, inconvenient charging and insufficient power of existing electric tricycles, and ensuring the stable operation of daily electrical equipment under the premise of normal driving of the tricycle.

[0017] B. The present invention sets a solid-state hydrogen storage tank in the power generation compartment of the vehicle body, which can ensure a high hydrogen storage capacity while supplying ultra-high purity hydrogen. It is reusable and safer than traditional hydrogen storage tanks.

[0018] C. The present invention adopts a fuel cell system and a solid-state hydrogen storage tank that are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the power generation cabin through the design of the power generation cabin, and a partition is set at the lower end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, so that the heat generated by the fuel cell system can be supplied to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank for heating to the maximum extent, thereby achieving power saving and maximizing energy utilization.

[0019] D. The battery pack in the present invention adopts a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, which has a long cycle life, is pollution-free, and is resistant to overcharge and over-discharge. It has a high recycling value and completely solves the problem of recycling waste batteries of traditional electric tricycles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the whole vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle control structure provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure of part A in the figure.

[0024] The following are marked in the figure:

[0025] 1-body, 11-handlebars;

[0026] 2-Power generation cabin; 3-Solid-state hydrogen storage tank

[0027] 4- Fuel Cell System

[0028] 41-Fuel cell generator, 42-Power controller

[0029] 5-battery pack, 51-cover plate; 6-drive system; 7-temperature sensor; 8-control device

[0030] 9-seat; 10-insulation pad; 20-partition; 30-stop valve; 40-power lock; 50-pressure sensor 60-instrument display screen; 70-cargo box; 80-DC-DC regulator; 90-auxiliary electrical components;

[0031] a-Air cooling air inlet; b-Exhaust port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle, comprising a body 1, a power generation cabin 2 and a control device 8 arranged on the body 1, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 and a fuel cell system 4 are arranged in the power generation cabin 2, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 is connected to the fuel cell system 4 through a pipeline, and the tricycle is also provided with a battery pack 5 electrically connected to the fuel cell system 4, and the fuel cell system 4 and the battery pack 5 are respectively connected to the driving system 6 of the body 1 to form a power supply connection; the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 is also provided with a heating component and a temperature sensor 7 for detecting the internal temperature thereof, the battery pack 5 is electrically connected to the heating component, and the control device 8 is connected to the temperature sensor 7, the battery pack 5, the fuel cell system 4 and the driving system 6 to form a control connection. The battery pack 5 used in the present invention is a nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5, which is arranged at the foot pedal at the front end of the power generation cabin 2, and a battery cover 21 is provided above the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the fuel cell system 4 includes a fuel cell generator 41, a cooling device (not shown in the figure) and a power controller 42. The fuel cell generator 41 and the cooling device are respectively connected to the solid hydrogen storage tank 3 through a connecting pipeline, and a stop valve 30 is also provided on the connecting pipeline. The stop valve 30 and the battery pack 5 are respectively electrically connected to the power controller 42. The fuel cell generator 41 is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy present in the fuel and the oxidant into electrical energy by electrochemical reaction without combustion. The preferred fuel cell generator of the present invention adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which can combine hydrogen and oxygen into clean water and release electrical energy. The energy conversion efficiency of this fuel cell is as high as more than 60%, and it has good performances such as high power density and low noise. The stop valve 30 is connected to the power controller 42. The stop valve 30 is adjusted by the power controller 42 to control the pressure and flow of the hydrogen generated by the solid hydrogen storage tank 3 to the pressure and flow required by the fuel cell generator 41, and ensure the healthy power state of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5.

[0037] The nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5 is respectively connected to the power controller 42, the fuel cell system 4, the heating component in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 and the driving system 6. It is responsible for heating the heating component of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 to a predetermined temperature for hydrogen discharge at the initial start-up, and driving the driving system 6 before starting hydrogen discharge, so as to realize the start-up and normal driving of the tricycle. After the fuel cell system 4 generates electricity, the excess electricity is stored in the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5 through the power controller 42.

[0038] The nickel-metal hydride battery pack 5 adopts an inorganic electrolyte system, which has a better low-temperature performance than lithium series batteries and can well solve the problem of low-temperature power supply in winter; it has a high cycle life, is pollution-free, resistant to overcharge and over-discharge, and has a high recycling value, which completely solves the problem of recycling waste batteries of traditional electric tricycles.

[0039] The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell system 6, the pressure sensor 50 and the temperature sensor 7, and is the storage room for the main power hydrogen of the vehicle, including a storage space and a heating component. The storage space is used to store solid-state hydrogen storage, and the heating component is used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage. The pressure sensor 50 and the temperature sensor 7 are connected to the vehicle control device 8. After the vehicle is shut down, the hydrogen released from the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 can enter the reaction chamber of the fuel cell generator and cool the catalyst to prevent the catalyst from being oxidized. Of course, an independent cooling device can also be set to cool the catalyst in the reaction chamber. According to the data on the instrument display screen 60, the power controller 42 is automatically adjusted through the control device to control the heating efficiency of the heating component in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 to ensure the hydrogen release efficiency and the instantaneous loading and unloading of the vehicle, so as to avoid excessive power generation fluctuations caused by intermittent hydrogen intake of the fuel cell system 4.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the power generation cabin 2 is preferably arranged in the middle section of the vehicle at the front end of the cargo box 70, on which a seat 9 is arranged, and the seat 9 is isolated from the power generation cabin 2 by a heat insulation pad 10, and an air cooling air inlet a is arranged on the windward side of the power generation cabin 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the fuel cell system 4 is arranged near the air-cooled air inlet a, and an exhaust port b is provided at the lower part of the leeward side of the power generation cabin 2, so as to ensure the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 4 and use the waste heat to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3, that is, to ensure the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3, and relieve the power supply pressure of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack. The fuel cell system 4 and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 are arranged in the power generation cabin 2 in sequence from front to back, and a gap for the circulation of hot air is formed between the two. At the same time, gaps are formed between the fuel cell system 4 and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 and the inner wall of the power generation cabin respectively. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 and the fuel cell system 4 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in the power generation cabin 2. A partition 20 is provided at the bottom of the power generation cabin 2. The partition 20 is located at the lower end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 and is used to block the short circuit of hot air in the power generation cabin 2, making full use of the waste heat of power generation, and having zero contact with the driver to ensure safety. Figure 3 It can be seen that the heat generated by the fuel cell system 4 itself moves along the gap outside it. Due to the existence of the partition 20, the heat will not be directly discharged from the lower end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 to the exhaust port b, but will return to the gap between the fuel cell system 4 and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3, and surround the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 along this gap. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 is heated as a whole by utilizing the waste heat, which greatly improves the heating efficiency, enables the fuel cell system 4 to power the drive system 6 in a shorter time, and reduces the cost of the battery pack 5 to power the heating components.

[0041] Although the power generation cabin 2 has its own heat supply, the temperature sensor 7 is still required to monitor whether the temperature in the solid hydrogen storage tank 3 reaches the predetermined temperature for normal operation. The insufficient temperature is completed by the self-heating component.

[0042] In addition, in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3, the present invention is provided with a movable hinge (not shown in the figure) at the front end of the power generation cabin 2, and the movable hinge is hinged to one end of the seat 9. By adopting a front-opening method, the refueling of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 and the replacement of the spare solid-state hydrogen storage tank are convenient.

[0043] The electric tricycle provided by the present invention is also provided with a power lock 40, which is arranged on the handlebar 11, connected to the vehicle control device, and directly electrically connected to the nickel-hydrogen battery pack, serving as a vehicle identification and authentication entrance and a main switch for operation.

[0044] Of course, the safe driving auxiliary electrical components 90 on the electric tricycle include headlights, turn signals and horns, and each electrical component and the hydrogen fuel cell system are uniformly connected to the DC-DC regulator 80 in sequence to ensure stable and efficient power consumption.

[0045] The driving system 6 is arranged at the bottom of the cargo box 70 to drive the electric tricycle to travel normally, and the driving system includes a motor and a transmission device. The motor adopts an AC motor or a permanent magnet motor controlled by SPWM or PWM mode; the transmission device is placed at the bottom of the car body and mechanically connected to the rear wheel, responsible for kinetic energy transmission.

[0046] The specific working conditions of the present invention are as follows: when the electric tricycle is started, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5 supplies power to drive the driving system 6, so that the electric tricycle can run normally, and at the same time, the power of the battery pack 5 is supplied to the heating component of the solid hydrogen storage tank 3. After the temperature sensor 7 detects that the temperature in the solid hydrogen storage tank 3 reaches a predetermined temperature and stabilizes, and the pressure sensor 50 detects that the hydrogen pressure meets the power generation requirement of the fuel cell system 4, the control device 8 of the whole vehicle automatically opens the air inlet of the stop valve, so that the fuel cell system 4 enters the working state and supplies power to the whole vehicle. The whole vehicle control device 8 automatically adjusts the charging and discharging state of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5 through the power controller 42 connected thereto; if the tricycle needs a large amount of electric power to climb a slope and the fuel cell supply is not timely, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5 discharges as a supplement. When the fuel cell system 4 generates excess power or the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5 is depleted, the whole vehicle control device 8 automatically controls the fuel cell system 4 to charge the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 5.

[0047] The above-mentioned temperature sensor, pressure sensor, cooling device, fuel cell system, etc. can all adopt existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle, comprising a vehicle body (1), a power generation cabin (2) and a control device (8) arranged on the vehicle body (1), characterized in that: A solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) and a fuel cell system (4) are provided in the power generation cabin (2); the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) is connected to the fuel cell system (4) via a pipeline; the tricycle is also provided with a battery pack (5) electrically connected to the fuel cell system (4); the fuel cell system (4) and the battery pack (5) are respectively connected to a drive system (6) of the vehicle body (1) for power supply; the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) is provided with a heating component and a temperature sensor (7) for monitoring the internal temperature thereof; the battery pack (5) is electrically connected to the heating component; and the control device (8) is connected to the temperature sensor (7), the battery pack (5), the fuel cell system (4) and the drive system (6) for control; The power generation cabin (2) is arranged below a seat (9) on the vehicle body (1); the seat (9) is isolated from the power generation cabin (2) by a heat insulation pad (10); a windward side of the power generation cabin (2) is provided with an air cooling air inlet (a); the fuel cell system (4) is arranged close to the air cooling air inlet (a); and a lower part of the leeward side of the power generation cabin (2) is provided with an exhaust port (b); The solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) and the fuel cell system (4) are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the power generation cabin (2), and a gap is formed with the inner side surface of the power generation cabin (2); a partition (20) perpendicular to the flow direction of the hot air at the bottom is provided at the bottom of the power generation cabin (2); the lower end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) is arranged on the partition (20) to prevent the hot air in the power generation cabin (2) from short-circuiting; The fuel cell system (4) comprises a fuel cell generator (41) and a power controller (42); the fuel cell generator (41) is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) via a connecting pipeline, and a stop valve (30) is also provided on the connecting pipeline; the stop valve (30) and the battery pack (5) are respectively electrically connected to the power controller (42).

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seat (9) is arranged at the upper opening of the power generation cabin (2), and a movable hinge is provided at the front end of the power generation cabin (2), and the movable hinge is hinged to the front end of the seat (9).

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack (5) is a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, and the fuel cell generator (41) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The tricycle is also provided with a power lock (40) electrically connected to the battery pack (5) and the control device (8).

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3) is also provided with a pressure sensor (50), and the pressure sensor (50) is connected to the control device (8) via a signal line, and is used to detect the pressure of released hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (3).

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electric tricycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The handlebars (11) of the vehicle body (1) are also provided with an instrument display screen (60) electrically connected to the control device (8) and used to display the working status of the vehicle.

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