Low-carbon scheduling method for integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of low-carbon scheduling methods of integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention auction type carbon trading, including steps: constructing electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system;On the basis of electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system, carbon trading cost model is constructed, including carbon price fixed allocation trading cost model and the emission reduction trading cost model based on sealed bid auction;Based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system, the objective function of low-carbon economy optimization model is constructed;Based on the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system, the constraint condition of low-carbon economy optimization model is constructed;Through objective function and constraint condition, low-carbon economy optimization model is solved, and low-carbon economic dispatch parameter is obtained.The application will intervene carbon trading scheduling with new energy module, can effectively control system to reduce system carbon emission, reduce the operation cost of system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy system technology, and in particular relates to a low-carbon dispatching method for a comprehensive energy system that considers the involvement of hydrogen energy in auction-style carbon trading. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated energy systems (IES) capable of coupling multiple energy networks are becoming increasingly mature. Meanwhile, as a low-carbon, zero-carbon, and easily scalable energy storage and conversion method, hydrogen energy is an inevitable choice for decarbonizing energy systems. Numerous studies both domestically and internationally have introduced hydrogen energy into integrated energy systems; however, existing scheduling problems for hydrogen-containing IES typically use minimizing system operating costs as the objective function, without fully considering the system's low-carbon characteristics.

[0003] Carbon trading is considered one of the effective measures to reduce carbon emissions. The national carbon emission trading market adopts a dual-track system, which is dominated by carbon emission allowance (CEA) trading and supplemented by Chinese certified emission reduction (CCER).

[0004] However, most of the existing carbon trading methods used to address the low-carbon economic scheduling problem of IES are traditional carbon trading scheduling methods based on CEA. These methods focus on carbon emission sources and rarely consider how new energy modules without carbon emissions can participate in carbon trading scheduling. At the same time, the mechanisms are relatively simple and do not take into account the interaction between the two parties, making it impossible to effectively regulate the carbon emissions of the system, thereby increasing the operating costs of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a low-carbon scheduling method for integrated energy systems that incorporates hydrogen energy into auction-based carbon trading. By integrating new energy modules into carbon trading scheduling, the system can be effectively regulated, thereby reducing system carbon emissions and lowering system operating costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a low-carbon dispatch method for an integrated energy system considering the involvement of hydrogen energy in auction-based carbon trading, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, constructing an integrated energy system of electricity, heat, and hydrogen;

[0008] S2, based on the integrated energy system of electricity-heat-hydrogen, constructs a carbon trading cost model, including a quota trading cost model with fixed carbon prices and an emission reduction trading cost model based on sealed-bid auctions;

[0009] S3, construct the objective function of the low-carbon economic optimization model based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system;

[0010] S4, Constraints for constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on the aforementioned integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system;

[0011] S5 solves the low-carbon economy optimization model by using the objective function and constraints to obtain the low-carbon economy scheduling parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, the construction of an integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system includes electrical load, thermal load, gas turbine, battery, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank and photovoltaic array.

[0013] Furthermore, the establishment of the carbon-price-fixed quota trading cost model includes the following steps:

[0014] S201, using carbon emission allowances from purchasing electricity from the upper-level power grid and carbon emission allowances from gas turbines, to construct the total free carbon emission allowances for the system;

[0015] S202, using the carbon emissions from purchasing electricity from the upstream power grid and the carbon emissions from the gas turbine, to construct the actual total carbon emissions of the system;

[0016] S203 constructs a system quota trading cost model based on free carbon emission allowances and actual total carbon emissions.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for establishing the emission reduction transaction cost model based on sealed-bid auction includes the following steps:

[0018] S204, the emission reduction of photovoltaic arrays is constructed through emission reduction factors;

[0019] S205 utilizes calorific value to reduce emissions from fuel cells;

[0020] S206, Total tradable emission reductions of a system based on emission reductions from photovoltaic arrays and fuel cells;

[0021] S207 establishes a sealed-bid auction trading method based on the total tradable emission reductions, thereby establishing a transaction cost model for emission reductions based on sealed-bid auctions.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S3, the objective function of the low-carbon economic optimization model is constructed based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system. The objective function is:

[0023] minF=min(F c,trade +F gas +F e,trade );

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, F represents the total operating cost of the system; F c,trade For carbon trading costs; F D,buy For carbon quota trading costs; F Ccer,sell For emission reduction transaction costs; F gas The cost of purchasing natural gas; ρ gas For natural gas prices; q g The calorific value of natural gas; C eh The conversion factor for converting electricity generation into heat supply; n gt η represents the total number of gas turbines. gt The electrical efficiency of the gas turbine; The unit price for purchasing electricity from the superior power grid; Y buy The amount of electricity purchased from the higher-level power grid; The unit price for selling electricity to the upper-level power grid; Y sell The power output used to sell electricity to the upstream power grid.

[0026] Furthermore, the constraints for constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on the integrated electricity-heat-hydrogen energy system include: energy balance constraints; fuel cell power constraints; gas turbine constraints; battery constraints; hydrogen storage tank constraints; electrolyzer constraints; power subsystem flow constraints; and heating network constraints.

[0027] Furthermore, the energy balance constraint is constructed as follows:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula: P pv,t Let P be the output power of the photovoltaic array during time period t. fc,t Let P be the electrical power output of the fuel cell during time period t. bat,t P is the electrical power output of the battery during time period t. buy,t P represents the power purchased from the main grid during time period t. GT,t P is the electrical power output of the gas turbine during time period t. el,t P is the electrical power input to the electrolytic cell during time period t. ld,t Let P be the electrical load during time period t. sell,t H represents the power sold to the main grid during time period t. GT,t H represents the thermal power output of the gas turbine during time period t. fc,t H represents the thermal power output of the fuel cell during time period t. el,t H represents the electrical power output of the electrolytic cell during time period t. ld,t Let t be the heat load during the time period.

[0030] Furthermore, the power constraints for the fuel cell are as follows:

[0031] 0≤H fc,t ≤H fc_max ;

[0032] In the formula, H fc,t H represents the thermal power output of the fuel cell during time period t. fc_max This represents the maximum power output of the fuel cell to the thermal bus.

[0033] The constraints for constructing the gas turbine are as follows:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, P GT,t Let t be the electrical power output of the gas turbine during time period t. These represent the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine output; These represent the maximum downward and upward ramp rates of the gas turbine, respectively; β represents the heat-to-electricity ratio of the gas turbine; H GT,t To provide heat for the gas turbine;

[0036] The constraints for constructing the battery are as follows:

[0037] SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max ;

[0038] In the formula, SOC(t) represents the state of charge of the battery at time t; min SOC max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the battery's state of charge, respectively.

[0039] The constraints for constructing the hydrogen storage tank are:

[0040] SOHS min ≤SOHS(t)≤SOHS max ;

[0041] In the formula, SOHS(t) represents the state of charge of the battery at time t; SOHC min SOHC max These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the hydrogen storage state in the hydrogen storage tank, respectively.

[0042] The constraints for constructing the electrolytic cell are:

[0043] 0≤H el,t ≤H el_max ;

[0044] In the formula, H el,t H represents the electrical power output of the electrolytic cell during time period t. el_max , which is the maximum power output from the electrolytic cell to the heating bus.

[0045] Furthermore, the power flow constraints for the power subsystem are as follows:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, f ij,t This represents the power transmitted between nodes i and j during time period t. For the power transmission capacity between nodes i and j; θ i,t Let θ be the phase angle value of node i during time interval t; imax θ represents the maximum phase angle of the voltage at node i. ref The phase angle of the balancing node voltage.

[0048] Furthermore, the constraints for constructing the heating network are as follows:

[0049]

[0050] In the formula, This indicates the inlet water temperature of pipe b in the water supply system; This indicates the outlet water temperature of pipe b in the water supply system; This indicates the inlet water temperature of pipe b in the return water system; This indicates the outlet water temperature of pipe b in the return water system; This represents the mixing temperature of the water supply system at node i; This represents the mixing temperature of the return water system at node i. Represents a pipe ending at node i. This represents a pipe that starts at node i.

[0051] The beneficial effects of adopting this technical solution are:

[0052] This invention discloses a low-carbon dispatching method for integrated energy systems that considers hydrogen energy participation in auction-based carbon trading. The method first establishes a thermoelectric-hydrogen coupling model considering waste heat from hydrogen power generation and a gas turbine cogeneration unit model. Based on these, an integrated energy system incorporating photovoltaic, hydrogen, and natural gas energy sources is constructed. Then, a quota trading cost model with a fixed carbon price and an emission reduction trading cost model based on sealed-bid auctions are constructed. Based on these, a low-carbon economic optimization model for the integrated energy system is built, with the objective function of minimizing system operating costs and carbon trading costs. Finally, this model is solved to obtain optimal dispatching parameters that simultaneously satisfy economic and low-carbon requirements, thereby dispatching the integrated energy system. This invention effectively reduces system carbon emissions and operating costs, improves economic efficiency, and has the advantages of being scientifically sound, reasonable, and highly applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a low-carbon dispatching method for an integrated energy system that considers hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading, according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is the topology of the integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a sealed-bid auction trading method based on tradable emission reduction quotas in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a low-carbon dispatch method for an integrated energy system that considers the involvement of hydrogen energy in auction-based carbon trading, aiming to reduce carbon emissions and lower costs. The method includes the following steps:

[0058] S100, constructing an integrated energy system of electricity, heat, and hydrogen;

[0059] S200, based on the integrated energy system of electricity, heat and hydrogen, constructs a carbon trading cost model, including a quota trading cost model with fixed carbon prices and an emission reduction trading cost model based on sealed-bid auctions.

[0060] S300, the objective function of constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system;

[0061] S400, Constraints for constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on the aforementioned integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system;

[0062] S500 solves the low-carbon economy optimization model by using the objective function and constraints to obtain low-carbon economy scheduling parameters.

[0063] The construction of an integrated electricity-heat-hydrogen energy system includes electrical load, heat load, gas turbine, battery, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, and photovoltaic array. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the system comprises a hydrogen energy system consisting of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen storage tank; a power system consisting of a photovoltaic array, a storage battery, a fuel cell, and an upstream power grid; and a thermal system providing heat to the gas turbine, fuel cell, and electrolyzer. The fuel cell, storage battery, electrolyzer, and photovoltaic array are all connected to the electrical load via a DC bus; the fuel cell and electrolyzer are connected via the hydrogen storage tank; and the gas turbine, fuel cell, and electrolyzer are all connected to the heat load via a thermal bus.

[0064] As an optimization of the above embodiments, the establishment of the carbon price-fixed quota trading cost model includes the following steps:

[0065] S201, using carbon emission allowances from purchasing electricity from the upper-level power grid and carbon emission allowances from gas turbines, to construct the total free carbon emission allowances for the system;

[0066] The specific expression is:

[0067] E = E GT +E BUY

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, E BUY Carbon emission allowances for purchasing electricity from the upstream power grid; E GT Carbon emission allowances for gas turbines; λ e Carbon emission allowance per unit of electricity generated; λ h Carbon emission allowance per unit of heat supplied; Y buy Electricity purchased externally; P gt.e P represents the power generation from the gas turbine. gt.h Provide heat for the gas turbine; C eh This is the conversion factor for converting electricity generation into heat supply.

[0070] S202, using the carbon emissions from purchasing electricity from the upstream power grid and the carbon emissions from the gas turbine, to construct the actual total carbon emissions of the system;

[0071] The specific expression is:

[0072] C = C GT +C BUY

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, C BUY Carbon emission allowances for purchasing electricity from the upstream power grid; C GT Carbon emission allowances for gas turbines; β e The actual carbon emissions per unit of electricity generated by the upstream power grid; β h Y represents the actual carbon emissions per unit of gas turbine. buy For purchased electricity, P gt.e P represents the power generation of the gas turbine. gt.h Provide heat for the gas turbine; C eh This is the conversion factor for converting electricity generation into heat supply.

[0075] S203 constructs a system quota trading cost model based on free carbon emission allowances and actual total carbon emissions.

[0076] The specific expression is:

[0077] F D,buy =β c (CE);

[0078] In the formula, C represents the total carbon emissions of the system; E represents the total carbon emission allowance of the system; β c This refers to the unit price of carbon allowances.

[0079] As an optimization of the above embodiments, the method for establishing the emission reduction transaction cost model based on sealed-bid auction includes the following steps:

[0080] S204, the emission reduction of photovoltaic arrays is constructed through emission reduction factors;

[0081] The specific expression is:

[0082] R pv =P pv RE grid,CM,y ;

[0083] In the formula, P pv Photovoltaic power generation; RE grid,CM,y denoted as the marginal emission factor of the regional power grid combination in year y.

[0084] S205 utilizes calorific value to reduce emissions from fuel cells;

[0085] The specific expression is:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, n is the amount of hydrogen produced; C reduce The reduction in carbon emissions when using one ton of hydrogen instead of other fuels for energy; C prod The carbon emissions generated when producing one ton of H2; H H2 H is the calorific value of hydrogen. F The calorific value of the fuel being replaced; RE F The carbon emissions per unit of fuel being replaced.

[0088] S206, Total tradable emission reductions of a system based on emission reductions from photovoltaic arrays and fuel cells;

[0089] The specific expression is:

[0090] S207 establishes a sealed-bid auction trading mechanism based on tradable emission reductions, thereby establishing a transaction cost model for emission reductions based on sealed-bid auctions. The specific process is as follows: Figure 3The system submits the total amount of tradable emission reductions to the auctioneer, and bidders place bids independently. An iterative solution algorithm is used to establish a leader-follower Steinberg game to capture the interaction between the auctioneer and the bidders and achieve a win-win goal. In each iteration, each bidder spontaneously adjusts its bid for each time period according to the auction price set by the auctioneer. The auctioneer seeks a transaction price that is beneficial to both the system and the participating buyers within the obtained auction price range.

[0091] As an optimization of the above embodiment, in step S300, an objective function for a low-carbon economic optimization model is constructed based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system. The objective function is:

[0092] minF=min(F c,trade +F gas +F e,trade );

[0093]

[0094] In the formula, F represents the total operating cost of the system; F c,trade For carbon trading costs; F D,buy For carbon quota trading costs; F Ccer,sell For emission reduction transaction costs; F gas The cost of purchasing natural gas; ρ gas For natural gas prices; q g The calorific value of natural gas; C eh The conversion factor for converting electricity generation into heat supply; n gt η represents the total number of gas turbines. gt The electrical efficiency of the gas turbine; The unit price for purchasing electricity from the superior power grid; Y buy The amount of electricity purchased from the higher-level power grid; The unit price for selling electricity to the upper-level power grid; Y sell The power output used to sell electricity to the upstream power grid.

[0095] As an optimization scheme of the above embodiments, the constraints of constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on the integrated energy system of electricity, heat and hydrogen include: energy balance constraints; fuel cell power constraints; gas turbine constraints; battery constraints; hydrogen storage tank constraints; electrolyzer constraints; power subsystem flow constraints; and heating network constraints.

[0096] The energy balance constraint is constructed as follows:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula: P pv,t Let P be the output power of the photovoltaic array during time period t.fc,t Let P be the electrical power output of the fuel cell during time period t. bat,t P is the electrical power output of the battery during time period t. buy,t P represents the power purchased from the main grid during time period t. GT,t P is the electrical power output of the gas turbine during time period t. el,t P is the electrical power input to the electrolytic cell during time period t. ld,t Let P be the electrical load during time period t. sell,t H represents the power sold to the main grid during time period t. GT,t H represents the thermal power output of the gas turbine during time period t. fc,t H represents the thermal power output of the fuel cell during time period t. el,t H represents the electrical power output of the electrolytic cell during time period t. ld,t Let t be the heat load during the time period.

[0099] The power constraints for constructing the fuel cell are as follows:

[0100] 0≤H fc,t ≤H fc_max ;

[0101] In the formula, H fc,t H represents the thermal power output of the fuel cell during time period t. fc_max This represents the maximum power output of the fuel cell to the thermal bus.

[0102] The constraints for constructing the gas turbine are as follows:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, P GT,t Let t be the electrical power output of the gas turbine during time period t. These represent the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine output; These represent the maximum downward and upward ramp rates of the gas turbine, respectively; β represents the heat-to-electricity ratio of the gas turbine; H GT,t It provides heat for the gas turbine.

[0105] The constraints for constructing the battery are as follows:

[0106] SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max ;

[0107] In the formula, SOC(t) represents the state of charge of the battery at time t; min SOC max These represent the minimum and maximum states of charge of the battery, respectively.

[0108] The constraints for constructing the hydrogen storage tank are:

[0109] SOHS min≤SOHS(t)≤SOHS max ;

[0110] In the formula, SOHS(t) represents the state of charge of the battery at time t; SOHC min SOHC max These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the hydrogen storage state in the hydrogen storage tank, respectively.

[0111] The constraints for constructing the electrolytic cell are:

[0112] 0≤H el,t ≤H el_max ;

[0113] In the formula, H el,t H represents the electrical power output of the electrolytic cell during time period t. el_max , which is the maximum power output from the electrolytic cell to the heating bus.

[0114] The power flow constraints for the power subsystem are as follows:

[0115]

[0116] In the formula, f ij,t This represents the power transmitted between nodes i and j during time period t. For the power transmission capacity between nodes i and j; θ i,t Let θ be the phase angle value of node i during time interval t; imax θ represents the maximum phase angle of the voltage at node i. ref The phase angle of the balancing node voltage.

[0117] The constraints for constructing the heating network are:

[0118]

[0119] In the formula, This indicates the inlet water temperature of pipe b in the water supply system; This indicates the outlet water temperature of pipe b in the water supply system; This indicates the inlet water temperature of pipe b in the return water system; This indicates the outlet water temperature of pipe b in the return water system; This represents the mixing temperature of the water supply system at node i; This represents the mixing temperature of the return water system at node i. Represents a pipe ending at node i. This represents a pipe that starts at node i.

[0120] The following describes the application effect of the integrated energy system low-carbon dispatch method considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading, as presented in this invention. Based on actual local electricity and heat load and photovoltaic output data, this embodiment sets up three scenarios for comparative analysis on a nine-node power system and a six-node thermal system to verify the effectiveness of this method. The three scenarios are as follows:

[0121] Scenario 1: Without considering carbon trading, the objective function is to minimize the system operating cost;

[0122] Scenario 2: Consider quota trading, with the objective function being to minimize the sum of quota trading costs and operating costs;

[0123] Scenario 3: Consider quota and emission reduction trading, with the objective function being to minimize the sum of transaction costs and operating costs for the two types of products.

[0124] The scheduling parameters were solved using the Gurobi solver in the three scenarios described above, and the scheduling results of the method of the present invention were obtained: Table 1 shows the cost and carbon emission of various types in different scenarios.

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] As shown in Table 1, compared to scenarios 1 and 2, carbon emissions decreased by 3.8% after considering carbon allowance trading, but system costs increased by 3.25%. Compared to scenarios 2 and 3, not only did the total operating cost of the system decrease by 2%, but carbon emissions also decreased further by 4.8%. This is because after renewable energy was involved in carbon trading, the system compared the costs of purchasing gas, selling electricity, and carbon trading, choosing an economical and low-carbon operating method. Consequently, the output of various components of the system, such as hydrogen energy, gas turbines, and purchased electricity, changed, effectively coordinating the system's operational economy and low-carbon characteristics. This demonstrates that the method proposed in this paper effectively reduces carbon emissions while also considering the system's economic efficiency, possessing advantages such as scientific rationality and strong applicability.

[0128] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-carbon scheduling method for integrated energy systems considering hydrogen intervention in auction-style carbon trading, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1, constructing an integrated energy system of electricity, heat, and hydrogen; S2, based on the integrated energy system of electricity-heat-hydrogen, constructs a carbon trading cost model, including a quota trading cost model with fixed carbon prices and an emission reduction trading cost model based on sealed-bid auctions; The establishment of the carbon price-fixed quota trading cost model includes the following steps: S201, using carbon emission allowances from purchasing electricity from the upper-level power grid and carbon emission allowances from gas turbines, to construct the total free carbon emission allowances for the system; S202, using the carbon emissions from purchasing electricity from the upstream power grid and the carbon emissions from the gas turbine, to construct the actual total carbon emissions of the system; S203, based on the free carbon emission allowances and the actual total carbon emissions, constructs a system allowance trading cost model; The method for establishing the emission reduction transaction cost model based on sealed-bid auction includes the following steps: S204, the emission reduction of photovoltaic arrays is constructed through emission reduction factors; S205 utilizes calorific value to reduce emissions from fuel cells; S206, Total tradable emission reductions of a system based on emission reductions from photovoltaic arrays and fuel cells; S207, based on the total tradable emission reductions, constructs a sealed-bid auction trading method, thereby constructing an emission reduction trading cost model based on sealed-bid auctions; S3, construct the objective function of the low-carbon economic optimization model based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system; S4, Constraints for constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on the aforementioned integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system; S5 solves the low-carbon economy optimization model by using the objective function and constraints to obtain the low-carbon economy scheduling parameters.

2. The low-carbon scheduling method of a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-style carbon trading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of an integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system includes electrical load, thermal load, gas turbine, battery, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank and photovoltaic array.

3. The low-carbon dispatching method for a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the objective function of the low-carbon economic optimization model is constructed based on the carbon trading cost model and the electricity-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system. The objective function is: ； ； In the formula, F represents the total operating cost of the system; For carbon trading costs; Costs associated with carbon quota trading; To reduce the transaction costs of emissions reduction; The cost of purchasing natural gas from outside sources; For natural gas prices; The calorific value of natural gas; The conversion factor for converting electricity generation into heat supply; This represents the total number of gas turbines; The electrical efficiency of the gas turbine; The unit price for purchasing electricity from the superior power grid; The amount of electricity purchased from the higher-level power grid; The unit price for selling electricity to the upper-level power grid; The power output used to sell electricity to the upstream power grid.

4. A low-carbon dispatching method for an integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading, as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The constraints for constructing a low-carbon economic optimization model based on an integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system include: energy balance constraints; fuel cell power constraints; gas turbine constraints; battery constraints; hydrogen storage tank constraints; electrolyzer constraints; power subsystem flow constraints; and heating network constraints.

5. A low-carbon dispatching method for an integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy in auction-based carbon trading, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The energy balance constraint is constructed as follows: ； In the formula: Let t be the output power of the photovoltaic array during time period t. Let t be the electrical power output of the fuel cell during time period t. Let t be the electrical power output of the battery during time period t. The power purchased from the main grid during time period t. Let t be the electrical power output of the gas turbine during time period t. Let t be the electrical power input to the electrolytic cell during time period t. Let t be the electrical load during time period t. The power sold to the main grid during time period t. The thermal power output of the gas turbine during time period t. Let t be the thermal power output of the fuel cell during time period t. Let t be the electrical power output of the electrolytic cell during time period t. Let t be the heat load during the time period.

6. A low-carbon dispatching method for an integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The power constraints for constructing the fuel cell are as follows: ； In the formula, Let t be the thermal power output of the fuel cell during time period t. This represents the maximum power output of the fuel cell to the thermal bus. The constraints for constructing the gas turbine are as follows: ； In the formula, Let t be the electrical power output of the gas turbine during time period t. , These represent the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine output; , These represent the maximum downward and upward grade rates of the gas turbine, respectively. The heat-to-electric ratio of a gas turbine; To provide heat for the gas turbine; The constraints for constructing the battery are as follows: ； In the formula, Let t be the state of charge of the battery at time t; , These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the battery's state of charge, respectively. The constraints for constructing the hydrogen storage tank are: ； In the formula, Let t be the state of charge of the battery at time t; , These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the hydrogen storage state in the hydrogen storage tank, respectively. The constraints for constructing the electrolytic cell are: ； In the formula, Let t be the electrical power output of the electrolytic cell during time period t. This is the maximum power output from the electrolytic cell to the heating bus.

7. A low-carbon dispatching method for an integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy intervention in auction-based carbon trading, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The power flow constraints for the power subsystem are as follows: ； In the formula, This represents the power transmitted between nodes i and j during time period t. The power transmission capacity between nodes i and j; Let be the phase angle value of node i during time interval t; The maximum phase angle of the voltage at node i; The phase angle of the balancing node voltage.

8. A low-carbon dispatching method for an integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy in auction-based carbon trading, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The constraints for constructing the heating network are: ； In the formula, This indicates the inlet water temperature of pipe b in the water supply system; This indicates the outlet water temperature of pipe b in the water supply system; This indicates the inlet water temperature of pipe b in the return water system; This indicates the outlet water temperature of pipe b in the return water system; This represents the mixing temperature of the water supply system at node i; This represents the mixing temperature of the return water system at node i; This represents a pipe ending at node i. This represents a pipe that starts at node i.

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