A kind of excavator oil cylinder drive rake claw loading blade structure

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of excavator oil cylinder drive rake claw loading shovel plate structure, including being set in middle for carrying transport groove main shovel plate body, main shovel plate body left and right sides are provided with for collecting material auxiliary shovel plate body, the outside of auxiliary shovel plate body lap joint connection width-adjusting shovel plate, width-adjusting shovel plate can be telescopic action to outside increase the width of shovel plate, wherein, auxiliary shovel plate body is provided with rake claw, the fixed end of rake claw is fixedly connected with the drive shaft of drive device, drive device further includes the bearing seat of fixed connection with auxiliary shovel plate body, drive shaft is connected with bearing seat by bearing, drive shaft is further fixedly connected with connecting rod, the one end of connecting ear that is set on connecting rod is articulated with rake claw drive oil cylinder, the other end of rake claw drive oil cylinder is articulated and connected on auxiliary shovel plate body, and rake claw is swung by the telescopic of rake claw drive oil cylinder.The present application is loaded by oil cylinder drive rake claw, and torque is big, avoids big block material block rotation, causes shutdown, and it has positive significance to improve the working efficiency of excavator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunneling machine technology, and in particular to a shovel structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake claw in a tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Material loading and unloading is an important part of the coal mining and production process. As an important component of the coal mining tunneling machine, the shovel plate is mainly used to rake and load the scattered materials such as coal and gangue cut by the tunneling machine's cutting head into the transport trough and then transport them to the transfer belt.

[0003] Currently, coal mine tunneling machines mainly use hydraulic motors to drive star wheels for material loading. The following problems frequently occur during production: First, the hydraulic motor drives the star wheel at high speeds but with low starting torque. When encountering material accumulation or large pieces, the rake claws are prone to jamming, causing equipment downtime and affecting tunneling efficiency. Second, the star wheel mechanism uses high-speed rotational centrifugal force to throw material into the conveying trough to achieve the loading purpose. However, near the center of the star wheel, where the radius is smaller at the same speed, the centrifugal force is weak, and the material cannot be thrown out, rotating with the star wheel, thus reducing loading efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a shovel plate structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake in a tunneling machine, in order to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a shovel structure for loading material with a hydraulic cylinder driven rake in a tunneling machine. It includes a main shovel body in the middle for supporting a transport trough, and auxiliary shovel bodies on the left and right sides of the main shovel body for collecting materials. An adjustable shovel body is connected to the outer side of the auxiliary shovel bodies, allowing the adjustable shovel body to extend and retract outwards to increase its width. Rakes are mounted on the auxiliary shovel bodies, with a fixed end of the rake being fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a drive device. The drive device also includes a bearing seat fixedly connected to the auxiliary shovel body. The drive shaft is connected to the bearing seat via a bearing, and a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the drive shaft. A connecting lug on the connecting rod is hinged to one end of a rake drive cylinder, and the other end of the rake drive cylinder is hinged to the auxiliary shovel body. The rakes swing by extending and retracting the rake drive cylinder.

[0006] Furthermore, the working panel of the auxiliary shovel plate has an inclination angle, so that the rear of the auxiliary shovel plate is higher than the front, allowing the material on the auxiliary shovel plate to naturally slide down to the end of the rake claw.

[0007] Furthermore, the bearing housing has an annular opening at the connecting lug position of the connecting rod to prevent interference between the connecting rod and the bearing housing during its maximum working stroke. There are two bearings, namely a first bearing and a second bearing. The first bearing is located above the connecting rod and is pressed by a pressure plate. The second bearing is located below the connecting rod, and the inner and outer rings of the second bearing are respectively positioned by a positioning end cap fixedly connected to the lower end of the drive shaft and an end cap fixedly connected to the lower end of the bearing housing.

[0008] Furthermore, grooves are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the connecting rod, and a V-shaped seal is installed in the groove to seal the first bearing and the end cap.

[0009] Furthermore, the gap between the rake claw and the auxiliary shovel plate is sealed with a labyrinth seal.

[0010] Furthermore, the width of the rake claws gradually narrows from the fixed end to the end.

[0011] Furthermore, the height of the rake claw gradually decreases from the side close to the main shovel plate to the side away from the main shovel plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the end portion of the rake claw bends towards the side of the main shovel plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the bend at the end of the rake claw is transitioned with a rounded curve.

[0014] Furthermore, the rear end of the width-adjusting shovel is hinged to the auxiliary shovel body, and the width-adjusting shovel is powered by a width-adjusting cylinder that is hinged to the auxiliary shovel body and the width-adjusting shovel at both ends to swing the width-adjusting shovel.

[0015] This invention utilizes a hydraulic cylinder to drive the rake claws for loading, providing high torque and preventing large pieces of material from blocking the rotor and causing downtime. This significantly improves the working efficiency of the tunneling machine. The rake claws rotate at a low speed, and due to the combined downward force of gravity, friction, and centrifugal force, material near the fixed end of the rake claws rolls freely downwards and is loaded into the scraper trough, improving loading efficiency. Furthermore, the rake claw design can alter the trajectory of bulk materials, further enhancing loading efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drive device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a half-sectional view of the driving device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the driving device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5This is a force analysis diagram of the rake claw in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rake claw in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Main shovel body, 2-Secondary shovel body, 3-Rake claw, 4-Drive device, 401-Drive shaft, 40101-Spline I, 40102-Spline II, 402-Pressure plate, 403-Labyrinth seal, 404-End face seal, 405-First bearing, 406-Connecting rod, 407-V-type seal, 408-Second bearing, 409-End cover, 410-Bearing seat, 411-Bearing end face seal, 412-O-ring seal, 413-Positioning end cover, 414-Flange, 5-Rake claw drive cylinder, 6-Width adjustment shovel, 7-Width adjustment cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a more detailed account of a shovel plate structure for a tunneling machine with a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake claw for loading material.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a shovel structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder driven rake claw in a tunneling machine includes a main shovel body 1 positioned in the middle to support a transport trough. Secondary shovel bodies 2 for collecting materials are located on the left and right sides of the main shovel body 1. An adjustable shovel plate 6 is connected to the outer side of each secondary shovel body 2, allowing the shovel plate 6 to extend and retract outwards to increase its width. Rake claws 3 are mounted on the secondary shovel bodies 2. The fixed end of the rake claw 3 is fixedly connected to a drive shaft 401 of a drive device 4. The drive device 4 also includes a bearing seat 410 fixedly connected to the secondary shovel bodies 2. The drive shaft 401 is connected to the bearing seat 410 via a bearing. A connecting rod 406 is also fixedly connected to the drive shaft 401. A connecting lug on the connecting rod 406 is hinged to one end of a rake claw drive cylinder 5. The other end of the rake claw drive cylinder 5 is hinged to the secondary shovel body 2. The rake claw 3 swings by extending and retracting the rake claw drive cylinder 5. This invention uses a rake-driven hydraulic cylinder 5 to drive the rake claw 3 for loading. Compared with the existing technology of hydraulic motor-driven star wheel, the transmission method is simpler, eliminating the need for motion mechanisms such as four-bar linkages. This results in higher reliability, a smaller size, and easier arrangement of the shovel plates, allowing for better cutting. The torque is also greater, increasing by more than 10 times, preventing large pieces of material from blocking the machine and causing downtime, thereby improving the working efficiency of the tunneling machine.

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the auxiliary shovel plate 2 is fixed to both sides of the main shovel plate 1 by bolts. The connecting lug of the connecting rod 406 is hinged to one end of the rake claw drive cylinder 5 via a pin 8, and the other end of the rake claw drive cylinder 5 is hinged to the auxiliary shovel plate 2 via a pin 9. The rear end of the width-adjusting shovel plate 6 is hinged to the auxiliary shovel plate 2. Power is provided by the width-adjusting cylinder 7, which is hinged to the auxiliary shovel plate 2 and the width-adjusting shovel plate 6 at both ends, to make the width-adjusting shovel plate 6 swing.

[0027] The working panel of the auxiliary shovel body 2 is designed with an inclination angle α to prevent material from accumulating near the fixed end of the rake claw 3. During the swinging process of the rake claw 3, the material makes a spiral motion and rolls down along the working panel of the auxiliary shovel body 2 under the action of gravity, and is loaded into the scraper groove provided on the main shovel body 1 by the rake claw 3.

[0028] like Figures 2-4 As shown, in this embodiment, the bearing housing 410 of the drive device 4 is mounted on the surface of the auxiliary shovel plate 2 via a flange 414. Two bearings are mounted on the bearing housing 410. The first bearing 405 is mounted on the upper part of the bearing housing 410 and pressed down by a pressure plate 402. The second bearing 408 is mounted on the lower part of the bearing housing 410. The positioning end cover 413 is bolted to the drive shaft 401 to position the inner ring of the second bearing 408, and the end cover 409 is bolted to the bearing housing 410 to position the outer ring of the second bearing 408. The drive device 4 and the auxiliary shovel plate 2 are fixed together via the flange 414 using fastening bolts. The connecting rod 406 is positioned between the first bearing 405 and the second bearing 408 and is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 401. The bearing housing 410 makes an annular opening within the range of motion of the connecting rod 406.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, specifically, the rake claw 3 is connected to the drive shaft 401 via spline I 40101 through fastening bolts, and the connecting rod 406 is connected to the drive shaft 401 via spline II 40102. The pump station supplies liquid into the upper and lower chambers of the rake claw drive cylinder 5 through the inlet and outlet pipes, thereby driving the rake claw drive cylinder 5 to push and pull the connecting rod 406. The connecting rod 406 transmits torque to the drive shaft 401 via spline II 40102, and the drive shaft 401 then transmits it to the rake claw 3 via spline I 40101, enabling the rake claw 3 to swing and load material on the working panel of the auxiliary shovel plate 2 with high torque. By using the high-thrust rake claw drive cylinder 5 to drive the rake claw 3 to swing back and forth, high-torque driving force loading can be achieved, preventing the rake claw 3 from being jammed by large pieces of material and causing the machine to stop. Simultaneously, since the drive device 4 is used as the power transmission component of the rake claw drive cylinder 5, high torque transmission can be achieved. It is compact, convenient for equipment installation and layout, and uses spline transmission, resulting in a simple and reliable structure with high torque transmission.

[0030] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, a labyrinth seal 403 is used to seal the gap between the rake claw 3 and the auxiliary shovel plate 2 to prevent dust and other contaminants from entering the drive unit 4. An O-ring seal 404 is used to seal the gap between the bearing housing 410 and the auxiliary shovel plate 2. The upper and lower end faces of the connecting rod 406 are sealed with V-ring seals 407, which simplifies the lubrication method and reduces the size of the equipment. In typical designs, floating end face seals require a lubrication oil chamber, resulting in a larger volume. This design uses V-ring seals 407, which are installed in the groove of the connecting rod 406 to seal the two surfaces that contact the bearing housing 410, achieving sealing of the upper and lower moving end faces of the connecting rod 406.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the width of the rake claw 3 gradually narrows from the fixed end to the end, ensuring the strength of the rake claw 3. The rake claw 3 gradually thins from the side near the main shovel plate 1 to the side away from the main shovel plate 1, reducing resistance when the rake claw 3 completes the return stroke and allowing the material to run along the slope to the side of the rake claw 3 near the main shovel plate 1. The end portion of the rake claw 3 bends towards the main shovel plate 1, reducing the probability of material spilling out of the range of the rake claw 3.

[0032] It should be noted that this invention can be used not only for tunneling machines used in coal mines, but also for tunneling machines used in other mineral mining.

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is the structure of the rake claw 3. The rake claw 3 is composed of straight segments and curves, which facilitates the collection of rolling loose materials into the scraper trough.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the material moves in a spiral motion along the straight section of rake claw 3, and after time t, it moves from point P to point P. ‘ Point. Normal displacement is L. ‘ -L; angular displacement is θ ‘ -θ; W is the angular velocity at point P, W ‘ For P ‘ Point angular velocity.

[0036] like Figure 6 As shown, the end of the rake claw 3 is designed with an arc curve to change the material movement trajectory, making it easier to load the material into the transport trough. When bulk material enters the end of the rake claw 3, it enters the arc with "O" as the center and R as the radius, and moves in a circle around O. When the rake claw 3 finishes its loading stroke, the running trajectory changes direction, and the material leaves the rake claw 3 with a movement direction that is almost perpendicular to the center line of the transport trough. The probability of material spillage and overflow from the transport trough is small, which can significantly improve the loading efficiency.

[0037] In this embodiment, the design of the rake claw 3 can effectively reduce material accumulation at the fixed end of the rake claw 3, thereby improving loading efficiency. It also changes the movement trajectory of bulk materials, thus improving loading efficiency.

[0038] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shovel structure for loading material using a hydraulically driven rake claw in a tunneling machine, comprising a main shovel body (1) disposed in the middle for supporting a transport trough, and auxiliary shovel bodies (2) disposed on the left and right sides of the main shovel body (1) for collecting materials, wherein an adjustable shovel plate (6) is overlapped and connected to the outer side of the auxiliary shovel bodies (2), and the adjustable shovel plate (6) can extend and retract outward to increase the width of the shovel, characterized in that, The auxiliary shovel plate body (2) is provided with a rake claw (3). The fixed end of the rake claw (3) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (401) of the drive device (4). The drive device (4) also includes a bearing seat (410) fixedly connected to the auxiliary shovel plate body (2). The drive shaft (401) is connected to the bearing seat (410) through the bearing. The drive shaft (401) is also fixedly connected to a connecting rod (406). The connecting lug on the connecting rod (406) is hinged to one end of the rake claw drive cylinder (5). The other end of the rake claw drive cylinder (5) is hinged to the auxiliary shovel plate body (2). The rake claw (3) swings by extending and retracting the rake claw drive cylinder (5). The working panel of the auxiliary shovel plate (2) has an inclination angle, so that the rear of the auxiliary shovel plate (2) is higher than the front, so that the material on the auxiliary shovel plate (2) can naturally slide down to the end of the rake claw (3) during the spiral motion. The bearing housing (410) has an annular opening at the connecting lug position of the connecting rod (406) so that the connecting rod (406) does not interfere with the bearing housing (410) during its maximum working stroke. There are two bearings, namely the first bearing (405) and the second bearing (408). The first bearing (405) is located above the connecting rod (406) and is pressed by the pressure plate (402). The second bearing (408) is located below the connecting rod (406), and the inner ring and outer ring of the second bearing (408) are respectively positioned by the positioning end cover (413) fixedly connected to the lower end of the drive shaft (401) and the end cover (409) fixedly connected to the lower end of the bearing housing (410).

2. The shovel plate structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod (406) has grooves on its upper and lower surfaces. A V-shaped seal (407) is provided in the groove to contact the first bearing (405) and the end cap (409) for sealing.

3. The shovel plate structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap between the rake claw (3) and the auxiliary shovel plate (2) is sealed with a labyrinth seal (403).

4. The shovel plate structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the rake claw (3) gradually narrows from the fixed end to the end.

5. The shovel plate structure for loading material with a hydraulic cylinder driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the rake claw (3) gradually decreases from the side close to the main shovel plate (1) to the side away from the main shovel plate (1).

6. The shovel plate structure for loading material with a hydraulic cylinder driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end portion of the rake claw (3) bends toward the main shovel plate (1).

7. The shovel plate structure for loading material using a hydraulic cylinder-driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bend at the end of the rake claw (3) is transitioned by a rounded curve.

8. The shovel plate structure for loading material with a hydraulic cylinder driven rake claw in a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear end of the width-adjusting shovel (6) is hinged to the auxiliary shovel body (2). The width-adjusting oil cylinder (7) that is hinged to the auxiliary shovel body (2) and the width-adjusting shovel (6) at both ends provides power to make the width-adjusting shovel (6) swing.

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