Cutting mechanism and coal mining machine

Abstract

The present application relates to coal mining technology field and disclose a kind of cutting mechanism and coal winning machine, the cutting mechanism includes rocker housing, drum cutting part, drive motor, transmission module and buffer assembly, drum cutting part is connected with rocker housing, drum cutting part includes rotatable cutting execution component and the drive end of driving cutting execution component rotation, drive motor is installed on rocker housing and has output end, transmission module includes mounting plate and the gear set being set on mounting plate, mounting plate is detachably arranged in rocker housing, gear set connects output end and drive end, to transmit the power of drive motor to cutting execution component, buffer assembly is arranged between mounting plate and rocker housing, for buffering the vibration received by transmission module and limiting the displacement of mounting plate in multiple directions relative to rocker housing.The cutting mechanism of the embodiment of the present application can realize the quick maintenance and replacement of transmission module, and can slow down the transmission of vibration, ensure the stable transmission of power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mining technology, specifically relating to a cutting mechanism and a coal mining machine. Background Technology

[0002] High-extraction coal mining machines typically operate under high-power, heavy-load, and high-impact rapid cutting conditions in thick coal seam mining. The cutting drum is affected by changes in coal and rock hardness, fault inclusions, and transient cutting resistance fluctuations, resulting in significant impact and vibration loads on the internal transmission system of the cutting arm. In the cutting mechanisms of related technologies, gear transmission components are often rigidly positioned and supported by bearing housings and shells. Vibration energy easily propagates and amplifies along the "gear-bearing housing-shell" path, leading to increased gear meshing impact, early bearing fatigue, increased risk of shell cracking, and elevated overall machine noise and vibration levels. Furthermore, the high integration of the rocker arm's internal transmission structure in related technologies often requires extensive disassembly for maintenance, resulting in low repair efficiency and difficulty in meeting the reliability and maintainability requirements of high-intensity continuous operation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose a cutting mechanism that enables rapid inspection and replacement of the transmission module, effectively mitigates vibration transmission, prevents vibration propagation, and ensures stable power transmission.

[0004] This invention also proposes a coal mining machine that significantly improves the cutting stability and lifespan of transmission components through a modular cutting mechanism, and enables rapid maintenance of the transmission system by utilizing a dedicated inspection port, thereby enhancing the overall operational efficiency of the equipment in complex underground environments.

[0005] The cutting mechanism of this invention includes a rocker arm housing, a roller cutting section, a drive motor, a transmission module, and a buffer assembly. The roller cutting section is connected to the rocker arm housing and includes a rotatable cutting execution component and a drive end for driving the cutting execution component to rotate. The drive motor is mounted on the rocker arm housing and has an output end. The transmission module includes a mounting plate and a gear set disposed on the mounting plate. The mounting plate is detachably disposed inside the rocker arm housing. The gear set connects the output end and the drive end to transmit the power of the drive motor to the cutting execution component. The buffer assembly is disposed between the mounting plate and the rocker arm housing to buffer the vibration received by the transmission module and limit the displacement of the mounting plate relative to the rocker arm housing in multiple directions.

[0006] The cutting mechanism of this invention effectively isolates vibration and impact throughout the system through the coordinated design of a detachable transmission module and a multi-directional buffer assembly. While ensuring gear meshing accuracy, it significantly reduces vibration transmission. Simultaneously, it allows for rapid replacement of the entire transmission module, significantly improving equipment reliability, service life, and maintenance efficiency.

[0007] In some embodiments, the buffer assembly includes a plurality of shock-absorbing connectors that elastically connect the mounting plate to the rocker arm housing and are used to limit the displacement of the mounting plate relative to the rocker arm housing in directions parallel and perpendicular to the mounting plate.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mounting plate is provided with a first mounting hole, the rocker arm housing is provided with a second mounting hole, the shock-absorbing connector includes a bolt and a spacer sleeve, the bolt passes through the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, the bolt is used to detachably connect the mounting plate and the rocker arm housing, the spacer sleeve is located between the mounting plate and the rocker arm housing and is sleeved on the outside of the bolt thread, the spacer sleeve is used to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate in the direction perpendicular to the mounting plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the shock-absorbing connector further includes a metal bushing and an elastic bushing. The metal bushing is sleeved on the outside of the bolt thread, and the elastic bushing is sleeved on the outside of the metal bushing and abuts against the inner wall of the first mounting hole. The elastic bushing is used to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate in a direction parallel to the mounting plate.

[0010] In some embodiments, the buffer assembly further includes a plurality of damping shock absorbers connected between the mounting plate and the rocker arm housing for buffering and limiting displacement of the mounting plate in a direction parallel to the mounting plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the damping shock absorber includes a piston assembly and an elastic assembly. The piston assembly includes a piston cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod. The piston rod is connected to one of the mounting plate and the rocker arm housing, and the piston cylinder is connected to the other of the mounting plate and the rocker arm housing. The elastic assembly is disposed between the piston rod and the piston cylinder and is used to reset the piston rod after it has moved relative to the piston cylinder.

[0012] In some embodiments, the piston cylinder contains a first chamber and a second chamber located on both sides of the piston. The piston has a through hole connecting the first chamber and the second chamber. A throttling channel is provided on the side wall of the piston. One end of the throttling channel is connected to either the first chamber or the second chamber, and the other end of the throttling channel is closed or used to connect to a buffer tank.

[0013] In some embodiments, the piston assembly further includes a limiting block disposed within the piston cylinder and through which the piston rod passes, the limiting block being used to block the piston so that the piston can move within the piston cylinder.

[0014] In some embodiments, the gear set includes a plurality of gears and a plurality of bearing housings supporting the gears, the bearing housings being mounted on the mounting plate, and adjacent gears meshing with each other to form a reduction gear train from the output end toward the drive end.

[0015] In some embodiments, the rocker arm housing is provided with an access port and an access door that can be opened and closed to cover the access port. The transmission module can pass entirely through the access port to facilitate quick disassembly and maintenance.

[0016] The cutting mechanism of this invention integrates all precision transmission components such as gear sets and bearing seats onto an independent mounting plate, forming a pre-adjustable, high-precision rigid transmission module, fundamentally ensuring gear meshing accuracy. A unique buffer assembly (combining shock-absorbing connectors and damping buffers) elastically connects this module to the rocker arm housing, effectively isolating multi-directional vibrations and impacts generated during cutting and movement, significantly reducing the dynamic load transmitted to the gears and bearings, thereby greatly extending the service life and operational reliability of key components. Simultaneously, a dedicated inspection port and openable / closable inspection door on the rocker arm housing allow for quick disassembly and assembly of the entire transmission module as a whole, greatly simplifying the maintenance process and reducing operating time and difficulty in complex downhole environments.

[0017] The coal mining machine of this invention includes a housing, a protective plate, a cutting mechanism as described in any of the above embodiments, a traction mechanism, and an electrical control system. One side of the protective plate is rotatably connected to the top of the housing and is used to protect the housing. The rocker arm housing is rotatably connected to the housing. The traction mechanism is disposed at the bottom of the housing. The electrical control system is electrically connected to the drive motor and the traction mechanism and is used to control the rotation of the cutting execution component and the walking action of the traction mechanism.

[0018] The coal mining machine of this invention significantly improves overall machine performance by integrating a modular, high-buffering-performance cutting mechanism. On one hand, the cutting mechanism's excellent vibration isolation capability ensures the smoothness of the cutting process and the reliability of the transmission system. On the other hand, its unique disassembly and assembly design allows for quick maintenance via the inspection port on the rocker arm, greatly reducing downtime. Simultaneously, the flip-up protective plate enhances the protection of electrical components on the top of the machine casing, while the integrated electrical control system achieves intelligent coordinated control of cutting and movement, further improving the automation level, safety, and overall efficiency of coal mining operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the coal mining machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of the cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission module of the cutting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shock-absorbing connecting component of the cutting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the damping shock absorber of the cutting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Rocker arm housing; 11. Second mounting hole; 12. Inspection port; 13. Inspection door;

[0027] 2. Drum cutting section; 21. Cutting execution assembly; 22. Drive end;

[0028] 3. Drive motor; 31. Output terminal;

[0029] 4. Transmission module; 41. Mounting plate; 411. First mounting hole; 42. Gear set; 421. Bearing housing;

[0030] 5. Buffer assembly; 51. Vibration damping connector; 511. Bolt; 512. Spacer sleeve; 513. Metal bushing; 514. Elastic bushing; 52. Damping shock absorber; 521. Piston cylinder; 522. Piston; 523. Piston rod; 524. Elastic assembly; 525. First chamber; 526. Second chamber; 527. Through hole; 528. Throttling channel; 529. Limiting block;

[0031] 6. Housing; 7. Protective plate. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] like Figures 1-6As shown, the cutting mechanism of this embodiment includes a rocker arm housing 1, a roller cutting section 2, a drive motor 3, a transmission module 4, and a buffer assembly 5. The roller cutting section 2 is connected to the rocker arm housing 1 and includes a rotatable cutting execution component 21 and a drive end 22 for driving the cutting execution component 21 to rotate. The drive motor 3 is mounted on the rocker arm housing 1 and has an output end 31. The transmission module 4 includes a mounting plate 41 and a gear set 42 disposed on the mounting plate 41. The mounting plate 41 is detachably disposed inside the rocker arm housing 1. The gear set 42 connects the output end 31 and the drive end 22 to transmit the power of the drive motor 3 to the cutting execution component 21. The buffer assembly 5 is disposed between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1 to buffer the vibration of the transmission module 4 and limit the displacement of the mounting plate 41 relative to the rocker arm housing 1 in multiple directions.

[0034] The cutting mechanism in this embodiment, by setting the transmission module 4 as an independently detachable integral structure and setting a buffer component 5 between the transmission module 4 and the rocker arm housing 1, effectively isolates and buffers the severe vibrations and impacts generated during the cutting operation, significantly improving the service life and operational reliability of key components such as gears and bearings in the transmission system. At the same time, the modular design makes the inspection, replacement, or upgrading of the transmission part more convenient, greatly reducing maintenance time and costs.

[0035] The cutting mechanism of this invention mainly includes a rocker arm housing 1, a drum cutting section 2, a drive motor 3, a transmission module 4, and a buffer assembly 5. The rocker arm housing 1 serves as the main support and protection structure. The drum cutting section 2 is connected to the rocker arm housing 1 and includes a rotatable cutting execution assembly 21 (such as a cutting drum) and a drive end 22 for driving the assembly to rotate. The drive motor 3 is fixedly mounted on the rocker arm housing 1 and has an output end 31 for outputting power. The output end 31 and the drive end 22 are usually also a gear, and when meshing with a gear set, an intermediate idler gear can be added as needed to meet space and installation requirements.

[0036] The transmission module 4 is responsible for power transmission between the output end 31 and the drive end 22, and mainly includes a mounting plate 41 and a gear set 42 arranged on the mounting plate 41. The mounting plate 41 is set in the internal cavity of the rocker arm housing 1 in a detachable manner (e.g., by bolts 511 or by sliding connection). The gears in the gear set 42 mesh with each other to form a complete reduction transmission chain extending from the output end 31 of the drive motor 3 to the drive end 22 of the drum cutting section 2, thereby transmitting the power of the motor to the cutting execution component 21 so that the cutting execution component 21 can perform coal cutting operations.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the buffer assembly 5 is disposed between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1. It not only absorbs and attenuates vibrations caused by factors such as changes in cutting load and the vibrations of the coal mining machine, transmitted through the rocker arm housing 1, but also simultaneously constrains the displacement of the mounting plate 41 relative to the rocker arm housing 1. This constraint is multi-directional, limiting minute movements of the mounting plate 41 in directions parallel and perpendicular to its surface, thereby ensuring that the gear set 42 maintains precise meshing even under vibration conditions, avoiding abnormal wear, noise, or even damage due to excessive displacement. In other words, the buffer assembly 5 provides an elastic constraint that both prevents vibration transmission and achieves precise gear meshing within permissible limits.

[0038] When maintenance is required, the transmission module 4 can be quickly disassembled for replacement or repair. In some specific embodiments, the gear set 42 has multiple different transmission ratio types. By replacing the gear set 42 with different transmission ratios, the torque of the cutting actuator 21 can be adjusted to meet different coal cutting requirements.

[0039] In some embodiments, the buffer assembly 5 includes a plurality of shock-absorbing connectors 51 that elastically connect the mounting plate 41 to the rocker arm housing 1 and are used to limit the displacement of the mounting plate 41 relative to the rocker arm housing 1 in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the mounting plate 41.

[0040] By employing multiple independently distributed damping connectors 51, BX not only establishes a reliable elastic connection between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1, but also cleverly achieves precise constraint on the multi-directional displacement of the mounting plate 41. This design enables the transmission module 4 to maintain a highly stable posture while absorbing impact energy and reducing vibration transmitted to the gear set 42, thereby effectively extending the fatigue life of the transmission components and ensuring long-term consistency of meshing accuracy.

[0041] The buffer assembly 5 consists of multiple shock-absorbing connectors 51. These connectors are typically arranged symmetrically or evenly at the connection points between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1. Each shock-absorbing connector 51 has the following functions: first, it provides elastic support, allowing the mounting plate 41 to undergo small, controllable elastic deformation when subjected to impact, thereby dissipating vibration energy; second, its structural design physically limits the range of motion of the mounting plate 41 relative to the rocker arm housing 1 in all directions, and ensures that the gear set 42 in the transmission module 4 remains constantly engaged with the gears at the output end 31 and the drive end 22.

[0042] Specifically, the damping connector 51 can be designed with anisotropic stiffness. For example, a softer elastic element can be used in the direction perpendicular to the mounting plate 41 to absorb the main impact, while a harder element or one with a limiting structure can be provided in the direction parallel to the mounting plate 41 to suppress lateral sway. The connector can take various forms; for example, it can be a combination of a bushing containing an internal elastomer (such as rubber or polyurethane) and fasteners (such as bolts 511 or pins), or it can be an elastic support block directly press-fitted to the mounting plate 41 and the housing. By selecting appropriate elastic materials, hardness, and the geometry of the connector, the requirements for vibration and limiting can be met.

[0043] In some embodiments, the mounting plate 41 is provided with a first mounting hole 411, the rocker arm housing 1 is provided with a second mounting hole 11, and the shock-absorbing connector 51 includes a bolt 511 and a spacer sleeve 512. The bolt 511 passes through the first mounting hole 411 and the second mounting hole 11. The bolt 511 is used to detachably connect the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1. The spacer sleeve 512 is located between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1 and is sleeved on the outside of the bolt 511. The spacer sleeve 512 is used to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate 41 in the direction perpendicular to the mounting plate 41.

[0044] In some embodiments, the shock-absorbing connector 51 further includes a metal bushing 513 and an elastic bushing 514. The metal bushing 513 is sleeved on the outside of the bolt 511, and the elastic bushing 514 is sleeved on the outside of the metal bushing 513 and abuts against the inner wall of the first mounting hole 411. The elastic bushing 514 is used to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate 41 in a direction parallel to the mounting plate 41.

[0045] This embodiment provides a preferred structure for a shock-absorbing connector 51. Through the coordinated cooperation of bolts 511, spacer sleeves 512, metal bushings 513 and elastic bushings 514, a detachable mechanical connection between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1 is achieved, while multi-directional buffering and limiting are also realized.

[0046] A first mounting hole 411 is provided on the mounting plate 41, and a second mounting hole 11 is provided at a corresponding position on the rocker arm housing 1. The axes of the first mounting hole 411 and the second mounting hole 11 coincide and are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate 41. The specific composition of the shock-absorbing connector 51 is as follows: the main body of the connector is a bolt 511 that passes through the first mounting hole 411 and the second mounting hole 11, which detachably fastens the mounting plate 41 to the rocker arm housing 1.

[0047] A spacer sleeve 512 is fitted onto the bolt 511 between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1. This spacer sleeve 512 is typically made of an elastic or metallic material, and its thickness determines the basic clearance between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1 after tightening. When subjected to an impact perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate 41, the spacer sleeve 512 undergoes slight elastic compression, thereby absorbing energy and preventing excessive axial movement of the mounting plate 41 along the bolt 511.

[0048] A metal bushing 513 is first fitted onto the outside of the bolt 511. The outer diameter of the metal bushing 513 is typically smaller than the diameter of the first mounting hole 411. An elastic bushing 514, made of a rubber, polyurethane, or other elastic material, is then fitted around the metal bushing 513. The outer wall of the elastic bushing 514 abuts tightly against the inner wall of the first mounting hole 411.

[0049] When the mounting plate 41 attempts to move radially (parallel to the surface of the mounting plate 41) relative to the bolt 511 (i.e., relative to the rocker arm housing 1), the elastic bushing 514 deforms under the pressure of the first mounting hole 411 wall, generating a restoring force that effectively buffers vibration and limits the amplitude of radial displacement. The internal metal bushing 513 prevents the bolt 511 from directly rubbing against the elastic bushing 514 and damaging it, while also distributing the radial load on the elastic bushing 514 more evenly to the bolt 511 and bearing some of the shear force, allowing the elastic bushing 514 to primarily function as an elastic buffer. By selecting elastic bushings 514 with different hardness and structural forms, the radial stiffness and damping characteristics can be precisely adjusted. This also provides a certain displacement space for the subsequent damping shock absorber 52.

[0050] In some embodiments, the buffer assembly 5 further includes a plurality of damping shock absorbers 52 connected between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1, for buffering and limiting the displacement of the mounting plate 41 in a direction parallel to the mounting plate 41.

[0051] This embodiment further incorporates damping and vibration reduction elements. Specifically, by adding multiple damping and vibration reduction devices 52, the system's ability to suppress vibrations and impacts (especially low-frequency large-amplitude vibrations or instantaneous strong impacts) parallel to the mounting plate 41 is significantly enhanced. These damping and vibration reduction devices 52 work in conjunction with the base vibration reduction connector 51 to form a composite vibration reduction system, significantly improving the dynamic stability and impact resistance of the transmission module 4 under harsh operating conditions.

[0052] Specifically, the buffer assembly 5 further includes multiple damping shock absorbers 52. These damping shock absorbers 52 are independently connected between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1, and their main function is to specifically buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate 41 in a direction parallel to its surface. Unlike the foundation damping connector 51, which mainly provides static stiffness support and some buffering, the damping shock absorbers 52 focus more on providing dynamic damping force to dissipate vibration energy and quickly attenuate the swaying of the mounting plate 41 in the horizontal plane.

[0053] The specific type and installation method of the damping shock absorber 52 can be flexibly selected according to actual needs. For example, a piston-type hydraulic damper can be used, which generates viscous damping force through the movement of the piston 522 in a closed oil chamber. Another example is a friction damper, which uses the friction between relatively moving parts to dissipate energy. Yet another example is a simple shock absorber containing high-damping elastic materials (such as high-damping rubber), which provides both elastic restoring force and damping force. These damping shock absorbers 52 can be arranged in key positions such as the sides and corners of the mounting plate 41, or symmetrically. By adjusting the damping coefficient, installation stiffness, and number of damping shock absorbers 52, the horizontal damping force of the transmission module 4 can be adjusted to better match it with the transmission module 4 and achieve the optimal vibration reduction effect.

[0054] In some embodiments, the damping shock absorber 52 includes a piston assembly and an elastic assembly 524. The piston assembly includes a piston cylinder 521, a piston 522, and a piston rod 523. The piston rod is connected to one of the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1, and the piston cylinder 521 is connected to the other of the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1. The elastic assembly 524 is disposed between the piston rod and the piston cylinder 521 and is used to reset the piston rod after it moves relative to the piston cylinder 521.

[0055] In some embodiments, a first chamber 525 and a second chamber 526 are formed inside the piston cylinder 521 on both sides of the piston 522. The piston 522 is provided with a through hole 527 connecting the first chamber 525 and the second chamber 526. A throttling channel 528 is provided on the side wall of the piston 522. One end of the throttling channel 528 is connected to either the first chamber 525 or the second chamber 526, and the other end of the throttling channel 528 is closed or used to connect to a buffer tank.

[0056] In some embodiments, the piston assembly further includes a limiting block 529, which is disposed within the piston cylinder 521 and through which the piston rod passes. The limiting block 529 is used to block the piston 522 so that the piston 522 can move within the piston cylinder 521.

[0057] This embodiment employs a piston-type damping shock absorber 52 with an internal damping medium and an elastic reset element, along with a cleverly designed throttling structure. This upgrades the system's suppression of horizontal vibrations from simple elastic buffering to controllable viscous damping energy dissipation, enabling more effective attenuation of low-frequency resonance and instantaneous large impacts.

[0058] The core of the damping shock absorber 52 is the piston assembly, which includes a piston cylinder 521 filled with damping medium, a piston 522 that can slide within the piston cylinder 521, and a piston rod connected to the piston 522 at one end. The outer end of the piston rod is hinged or fixed to one of the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1 (e.g., the mounting plate 41), while the base of the piston cylinder 521 is hinged or fixed to the other (e.g., the rocker arm housing 1). An elastic component 524, such as a helical spring fitted on the piston rod or a disc spring assembly located at the end of the piston cylinder 521, is also provided outside the piston rod or piston cylinder 521. When a relative horizontal displacement occurs between the mounting plate 41 and the rocker arm housing 1, it pushes the piston rod and piston 522 to move. At this time, the elastic component 524 is compressed or stretched, storing energy. When the impact force disappears, the elastic component 524 releases energy, driving the piston rod to reset, thereby returning the transmission module 4 to a stable position.

[0059] To generate a superior damping effect and rapidly dissipate vibration energy, the piston assembly has a dedicated medium channel inside. Specifically, the piston cylinder 521 is divided into a first chamber 525 and a second chamber 526 by the piston 522. The piston 522 has at least one through-hole 527 connecting these two chambers. Furthermore, a throttling channel 528 is machined on the side wall of the piston 522. One end of this throttling channel 528 connects to one of the first chamber 525 or the second chamber 526 (typically a rodless chamber), while the other end can be a closed blind orifice (forming an additional cavity to change fluid stiffness), or connected to an external buffer tank via a pipeline. When the piston 522 moves rapidly, the damping medium is forced to flow through the through-hole 527 and / or the throttling channel 528. Due to the sudden change in the flow channel cross-section or the narrow path, significant throttling resistance is generated, converting mechanical kinetic energy into heat energy for dissipation. Furthermore, in some specific embodiments, a limiting block 529 is typically provided inside the piston cylinder 521, through which the piston rod passes. The function of the limiting block 529 is to act as a mechanical hard stop for the piston 522's stroke, preventing the piston 522 from impacting the cylinder wall and protecting the internal structure.

[0060] In some embodiments, the gear set 42 includes a plurality of gears and a plurality of bearing housings 421 supporting the gears, the bearing housings 421 being mounted on a mounting plate 41, and adjacent gears meshing with each other to form a reduction transmission chain from the output end 31 toward the drive end 22.

[0061] This embodiment rigidly integrates a complete gear set 42, including all transmission gears and their supporting bearing housings 421, onto a single mounting plate 41, forming a high-precision, replaceable, independent transmission unit. The modular design allows the entire transmission module 4 to be quickly disassembled, inspected offline, and pre-maintained as a whole, greatly improving the maintainability of the equipment.

[0062] Specifically, the gear set 42 consists of multiple gears arranged sequentially according to a set transmission ratio. These gears include a driving gear, several idler gears (intermediate gears), and driven gears, which mesh with each other and are connected in series to form a power transmission path from the output end 31 of the drive motor 3 to the drive end 22 of the drum cutting section 2. In order to achieve the function of speed reduction and torque increase, this transmission chain is designed as a speed reduction transmission chain, that is, from the motor end to the cutting drum end, the speed decreases step by step, and the torque increases accordingly.

[0063] All gears are supported on their respective independent bearing housings 421 by bearings (such as rolling bearings). These bearing housings 421 are mounted on the mounting plate 41 by bolts 511, locating pins, etc. The mounting plate 41 is pre-machined with high-precision reference surfaces and hole systems for positioning and fixing each bearing housing 421, so that when assembling the transmission module 4, key geometric parameters such as parallelism and center distance between all gear shafts can meet the design requirements in an external or workshop environment.

[0064] With this structure, when the entire transmission module 4 is installed into the rocker arm housing 1 via the buffer assembly 5, the vibration from the rocker arm housing 1 can be buffered by the buffer assembly 5, reducing the impact on the vibration of the transmission module 4 and the gear meshing accuracy. This improves transmission efficiency and reduces noise and wear. The bearing housing 421 itself can be designed as a split or integral type according to load requirements, and integrates the necessary lubrication circuits, further enhancing the integrity and reliability of its function. Furthermore, the entire transmission module 4 can have gear sets 42 with multiple transmission ratios, or the gears in the gear sets 42 can be quickly replaced to adjust the transmission ratio.

[0065] In some embodiments, the rocker arm housing 1 is provided with an inspection port 12 and an inspection door 13 that can be opened and closed to cover the inspection port 12. The transmission module 4 can pass through the inspection port 12 as a whole to facilitate quick disassembly and maintenance.

[0066] This embodiment, by providing a dedicated inspection port 12 and inspection door 13 on the rocker arm housing 1, allows the entire transmission module 4 to be removed or installed as a whole without extensive disassembly or hoisting of the rocker arm. This simplifies the maintenance process in the mine or workshop, shortens downtime caused by transmission module 4 failure, and improves equipment maintenance efficiency.

[0067] Specifically, a sufficiently large access port 12 is provided on the side wall or top of the rocker arm housing 1. The shape and area of ​​this access port 12 are specially designed to ensure that the transmission module 4 assembly, which integrates all components such as the mounting plate 41, gear set 42, and bearing housing 421, can pass through this opening completely horizontally or at a specific angle. The access door 13 can take various forms, such as being hinged to the rocker arm housing 1 for side opening or upward tilting, or being a removable cover plate secured by quick-release bolts 511 or latches. A sealing ring or gasket is usually provided between the access door 13 and the housing to prevent external coal dust and moisture from entering the housing and contaminating the lubricating oil and precision transmission components.

[0068] When the transmission module 4 needs inspection, replacement, or overhaul, maintenance personnel only need to open or remove the access door 13 to directly access and operate the mounting plate 41 of the transmission module 4, loosen the shock absorber connector 51 and the damping buffer, and then pull the entire transmission module 4 out through the access port 12. Conversely, a pre-installed and adjusted new transmission module 4 or a repaired transmission module 4 can be inserted through the access port 12, aligned, and connected. This design avoids the tedious work of disassembling the entire rocker arm or disassembling and assembling gears and bearings piece by piece from a complex and confined space, as is done in traditional structures, thus achieving rapid maintenance.

[0069] The following describes a coal mining machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a housing 6, a protective plate 7, a cutting mechanism as described in any of the above embodiments, a traction mechanism, and an electrical control system. One side of the protective plate 7 is rotatably connected to the top of the housing 6 and is used to protect the housing 6. The rocker arm housing 1 is rotatably connected to the housing 6. The traction mechanism is located at the bottom of the housing 6. The electrical control system is electrically connected to the drive motor 3 and the traction mechanism and is used to control the rotation of the cutting execution component 21 and the walking action of the traction mechanism.

[0070] The coal mining machine in this embodiment, through the integration of a modular, high-buffering-performance cutting mechanism, not only inherits its core advantages of low vibration, high reliability, and convenient maintenance, but also achieves efficient coordination and intelligent control of cutting operations and traveling traction at the overall machine level. The design of the protective plate 7 enhances the accidental protection of critical components, while the centralized management of the electrical control system improves the automation level and operational safety of the entire machine.

[0071] The coal mining machine mainly consists of a casing 6, a protective plate 7, a cutting mechanism, a traction mechanism, and an electrical control system. The casing 6 serves as the core framework and load-bearing platform of the entire machine, typically housing electrical equipment such as the main controller and transformer. One side of the protective plate 7 is rotatably connected to the top of the casing 6 via a hinge or shaft, and its angle is adjusted using an electric cylinder or hydraulic cylinder. During operation, it protects the casing 6 from damage caused by falling rocks or collisions.

[0072] The rocker arm housing 1 of the cutting mechanism is typically rotatably connected to both ends of the housing 6 via a mounting base, large bearing, or rotary mechanism. This rotatable connection allows the drum cutting section 2 mounted at its front end to be raised and lowered according to the coal seam thickness and geological conditions to adjust the cutting height.

[0073] The traction mechanism is located at the bottom of the casing 6 and typically includes drive wheels, guide wheels, tracks or chains, and a traction motor. It is responsible for driving the entire coal mining machine to move back and forth along the coal seam on the working face, enabling continuous coal mining operations.

[0074] The electrical control system is electrically connected to the drive motor 3 of the cutting mechanism and the motor of the traction mechanism. It receives commands from the control panel or remote control center and collects signals from various sensors (such as position, pressure, and temperature sensors) to precisely control the start, stop, and speed adjustment of the cutting actuator 21 (such as the cutting drum), as well as the raising and lowering of the rocker arm. Simultaneously, it coordinates the travel speed, direction, and start / stop of the traction mechanism. Through programmed control, it can achieve various intelligent functions such as automatic coal cutting, fault diagnosis, and protection, ensuring the safe, efficient, and automated operation of the coal mining machine.

[0075] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0076] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0079] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0080] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting mechanism, characterized in that, include: Rocker arm housing (1); The roller cutting section (2) is connected to the rocker arm housing (1). The roller cutting section (2) includes a rotatable cutting execution component (21) and a drive end (22) for driving the cutting execution component (21) to rotate. A drive motor (3) is mounted on the rocker arm housing (1) and has an output end (31). The transmission module (4) includes a mounting plate (41) and a gear set (42) disposed on the mounting plate (41). The mounting plate (41) is detachably disposed in the rocker arm housing (1). The gear set (42) connects the output end (31) and the drive end (22) to transmit the power of the drive motor (3) to the cutting execution component (21). The buffer assembly (5) is located between the mounting plate (41) and the rocker arm housing (1) to buffer the vibration of the transmission module (4) and limit the displacement of the mounting plate (41) relative to the rocker arm housing (1) in multiple directions, and to keep the gear set (42) meshing with the gears of the output end (31) and the drive end (22). The buffer assembly (5) includes a plurality of shock-absorbing connectors (51), which elastically connect the mounting plate (41) to the rocker arm housing (1) and are used to limit the displacement of the mounting plate (41) relative to the rocker arm housing (1) in the direction parallel to and perpendicular to the mounting plate (41); The mounting plate (41) is provided with a first mounting hole (411), the rocker arm housing (1) is provided with a second mounting hole (11), and the shock-absorbing connector (51) includes: Bolt (511) passes through the first mounting hole (411) and the second mounting hole (11), and the bolt (511) is used to detachably connect the mounting plate (41) and the rocker arm housing (1). Spacer sleeve (512), the spacer sleeve (512) is located between the mounting plate (41) and the rocker arm housing (1), and is sleeved on the outside of the bolt (511). The spacer sleeve (512) is used to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate (41) in the direction perpendicular to the mounting plate (41). A metal bushing (513) is fitted onto the outside of the thread of the bolt (511); An elastic bushing (514) is fitted on the outside of the metal bushing (513) and abuts against the inner wall of the first mounting hole (411). The elastic bushing (514) is used to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate (41) in a direction parallel to the mounting plate (41).

2. The cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer assembly (5) also includes a plurality of damping shock absorbers (52), which are connected between the mounting plate (41) and the rocker arm housing (1) to buffer and limit the displacement of the mounting plate (41) in a direction parallel to the mounting plate (41).

3. The cutting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damping shock absorber (52) includes: A piston assembly comprising a piston cylinder (521), a piston (522), and a piston rod (523), wherein the piston rod (523) is connected to one of the mounting plate (41) and the rocker arm housing (1), and the piston cylinder (521) is connected to the other of the mounting plate (41) and the rocker arm housing (1). An elastic component (524) is disposed between the piston rod (523) and the piston cylinder (521) for resetting the piston rod (523) after it has moved relative to the piston cylinder (521).

4. The cutting mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The piston cylinder (521) has a first chamber (525) and a second chamber (526) formed on both sides of the piston (522), and the piston (522) has a through hole (527) connecting the first chamber (525) and the second chamber (526). A throttling channel (528) is provided on the side wall of the piston (522). One end of the throttling channel (528) is connected to either the first chamber (525) or the second chamber (526), ​​and the other end of the throttling channel (528) is closed or used to connect to a buffer tank; and / or, The piston assembly further includes a limiting block (529), which is disposed inside the piston cylinder (521) and the piston rod (523) passes through the limiting block (529). The limiting block (529) is used to block the piston (522) so that the piston (522) can move inside the piston cylinder (521).

5. The cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear set (42) includes multiple gears and multiple bearing seats (421) supporting the gears. The bearing seats (421) are mounted on the mounting plate (41). Adjacent gears mesh with each other to form a speed reduction transmission chain from the output end (31) toward the drive end (22).

6. The cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rocker arm housing (1) is provided with an inspection port (12) and an inspection door (13) that can be opened and closed to cover the inspection port (12). The transmission module (4) can pass through the inspection port (12) as a whole, so as to facilitate quick disassembly and maintenance.

7. A coal mining machine, characterized in that, include: Casing (6); A protective plate (7) is rotatably connected to the top of the housing (6) on one side and is used to protect the housing (6). The cutting mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the rocker arm housing (1) is rotatably connected to the housing (6); A traction mechanism is provided at the bottom of the housing (6); An electronic control system is electrically connected to the drive motor (3) and the traction mechanism, and is used to control the rotation of the cutting execution component (21) and the walking action of the traction mechanism.

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