A ship protection effectiveness evaluation method based on actual combat

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of evaluation of the protection efficiency of military ships, and particularly discloses a method for evaluating the protection efficiency of ships based on actual combat, which comprises the following steps: dividing the protection efficiency of ships into three systems, i.e., ship structure protection, fire protection and protection damage control, for evaluation; setting the protection efficiency of a complete ship as 100%, combining the specific components of the three systems, evaluating the remaining amount of the protection efficiency of the three parts of a damaged ship under actual combat conditions, and quantitatively evaluating the protection efficiency of the ship in the form of proportion; and considering the short reflection time of actual combat conditions, establishing a database, comparing the damage reasons under actual combat with the database, and quickly making decisions. The application expands the range of the protection efficiency of ships, considers most factors that will affect the survival ability of ships under actual combat conditions, improves the reflection speed under actual combat conditions, can deal with the protection efficiency evaluation problems of multiple types of ships under multiple damages, and has a wide range of applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of military ship protection effectiveness evaluation, specifically involving a ship protection effectiveness evaluation method based on actual combat. Background Technology

[0002] In actual combat, warships face multiple threats from the air, surface, and underwater. Various types of weapons, each with different calibers and kill principles, are used. Naval gun shells often rely on shrapnel to kill crew members; their large numbers and high speed make them difficult to defend against. Anti-ship missiles carrying semi-armor-piercing warheads not only produce a large amount of shrapnel, but the violent explosions can severely damage the hull structure and various equipment. Secondary disasters such as fires can cause even more serious damage, rendering the hit compartments completely incapacitated. In severe cases, it can even cause significant losses of buoyancy and longitudinal strength, leading to flooding, listing, or sinking. Torpedoes and mines attack the hull below the waterline; the combined effects of shock waves and bubble pulsation loads cause the ship to undergo a "whiplash" motion, severely reducing its longitudinal strength and making it highly susceptible to hull fracture and sinking. With the rapid development of various anti-ship weapons, modern ships have increasingly higher requirements for protection effectiveness. Under actual combat conditions, ship damage is a high-probability event. How to quickly reassess the protection effectiveness of ships based on their "damage", provide guidance for ship damage control, and provide reference for ship combat operations is an important issue in ship protection effectiveness assessment.

[0003] Ship protection encompasses multiple aspects, including protection of the ship's buoyancy body, protection of local compartments, fire protection systems, damage control, and the impact of buoyancy and loading on protective effectiveness. Military ships typically employ a longitudinal frame configuration, consisting of longitudinal structural members such as the keel, longitudinal beams, longitudinal bulkheads, and decks. Based on this longitudinal structure, ribs, beams, and transverse bulkheads are arranged transversely, forming a crisscrossing longitudinal frame configuration. Welding outer plates onto this longitudinal frame configuration completes the ship's buoyancy body. Ship protection primarily focuses on protecting the buoyancy body, preventing the ship from breaking or sinking. This requires the buoyancy body to maintain sufficient overall longitudinal strength and buoyancy. The overall longitudinal strength of the ship mainly depends on the remaining strength of the longitudinal frame, while buoyancy depends on the ship's buoyancy and the extent of flooding in the compartments. Therefore, under combat conditions, assessing the protective effectiveness of damaged buoyancy bodies involves evaluating the failure of the longitudinal frame's structural members and the extent of flooding in the compartments. The combat systems on warships are housed in specific compartments, such as vertical launch systems, gun systems, and hangars, each with relatively independent protective bulkheads. These bulkheads are key areas of localized protection for the ship, protecting these compartments while enhancing overall protective effectiveness in conjunction with the longitudinal frame structure. Under combat conditions, the failure of these bulkheads can lead to a significant decrease in the protective effectiveness of localized systems, posing a risk to adjacent localized systems. Damage control, including damage control equipment and personnel, is the vital force in ship protection. Damage control equipment is distributed throughout the ship's compartments, while damage control personnel are relatively concentrated in specific compartments. The ship's buoyancy and weapon load also affect its protective effectiveness. The ship's buoyancy significantly impacts overall longitudinal strength and buoyancy distribution, thus affecting protective effectiveness, while weapon load and distribution influence the requirements for localized protection, thereby affecting overall protective effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for evaluating ship protection effectiveness based on real-world combat scenarios, which can better address the problem of evaluating ship protection effectiveness in real-world combat environments.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for evaluating the protective effectiveness of ships based on actual combat scenarios, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A method for evaluating the protective effectiveness of ships based on combat scenarios includes the following steps:

[0007] S1 divides the assessment of a ship's protective effectiveness into three systems: ship structural protection, fire protection, and damage control. The protective effectiveness of a complete ship is set at 100%, and the ship's protective effectiveness is quantitatively assessed by evaluating the remaining protective capacity of each system of a damaged ship.

[0008] S2 constructs the structural model, fire protection layout model, and damage control layout model of the ship. Then, based on the initial ship floating state, weapon loading conditions, and the number, type, and hit position of the anti-ship weapons, it sequentially simulates and solves the remaining structural protection, fire protection, and damage control protection.

[0009] Based on the simulation results of the ship's protection technology, S3 sets up various typical working conditions for simulation calculations, summarizes the simulation results into a database, and compares the actual damage to the ship with the database model under actual combat conditions to make a quick decision.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, a quantitative method is used to assess the remaining capacity of each system of the ship's protection effectiveness, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0011] In the evaluation of the protective structure effectiveness, S11 uses the ultimate strength and local ultimate strength of the complete ship as 100% to simulate and calculate the proportion of the ultimate strength and local strength of the damaged ship to the complete strength, which quantitatively expresses the remaining protective effectiveness of the protective structure.

[0012] In the fire protection effectiveness assessment, S12 uses the total area of ​​fire protection coverage, protection level and fire doors of the complete ship as 100% to simulate and calculate the proportion of the remaining fire protection coverage area, protection level and fire doors of the damaged ship to the complete fire protection system, which quantitatively describes the remaining fire protection effectiveness.

[0013] In the damage control effectiveness assessment, S13 uses the damage control equipment, personnel, and operational capabilities of a complete ship as 100% and simulates and calculates the proportion of the remaining damage control equipment, personnel, and operational capabilities of the damaged ship relative to the complete system to quantitatively describe the remaining protective effectiveness of damage control.

[0014] In step S2, the finite element method is used to calculate the ship's structural damage to obtain a damaged ship structural model. Based on this model, and combined with the arrangement of fireproof covering layers, a fire protection effectiveness calculation model is obtained. Combined with the damage control system model, a damaged damage control system model and a personnel mobility calculation model are obtained. Step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S21 uses the finite element method to calculate the damage to the ship's structural model. It uses the equivalent TNT or fragments of anti-ship weapons as excitation, sets boundary conditions and failure conditions, and judges whether the damage in the first stage will cause the weapon to explode in combination with the protection requirements of the ship's weapons. It uses the weapon explosion as excitation and uses the finite element method to simulate and calculate the damage to the ship's structural model.

[0016] S22 first determines the extent to which the fireproof coverage layer has been weakened, and then uses a model of the damaged ship structure combined with the layout of the fire protection system, with fire and smoke as excitations, to calculate the damage to the ship's fire protection using simulation methods.

[0017] Using a model of the damaged ship's structure, S23 first assesses the extent of damage control equipment and personnel losses. Based on this assessment, it then simulates and calculates the operational capabilities of damage control personnel within the damaged ship.

[0018] Preferably, the simulation comprehensively considers the ship's floating state, weapon protection requirements, ship load, hypothetical anti-ship weapon yield, quantity, damage mode, and hit location under actual combat conditions, and establishes a database to quickly compare ship damage situations for assessment and decision-making under actual combat conditions.

[0019] Beneficial effects of this invention:

[0020] This invention proposes a method for assessing ship protection effectiveness based on real-world combat scenarios. It considers the numerous causes of ship damage under combat conditions, and compared to single-factor analysis, integrates most factors affecting ship protection effectiveness. Through systematic analysis, it can identify the loss of protection effectiveness and potential risks of damaged ships. This invention assumes the complete protection effectiveness of the ship is 100% and aims to assess the remaining protection of each component after being hit by anti-ship weapons, thereby evaluating the protection effectiveness of damaged ships under combat conditions. Simultaneously, considering the short assessment and decision-making time in battlefield environments, it establishes a database for rapid matching with actual combat damage, providing crucial information for damage control and enabling rapid assessment and decision-making. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method logic of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall longitudinal strength requirements of the ship in the embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a two-dimensional model diagram of a partial compartment of the ship in the embodiment, showing both its integrity and damage.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram simulating the fire protection of the target compartment of a ship in the embodiment.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram simulating the operational capabilities of damage control personnel on a damaged ship in an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and a specific embodiment. It should be emphasized that this specific embodiment is only an example to explain the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope and application of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aforementioned method for evaluating the protective effectiveness of ships based on real-world combat scenarios comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Set the basic operating conditions for protective performance evaluation

[0030] Ship models under typical loading and different floating states are set as the basic working conditions for evaluating protection effectiveness. Typical loading includes two parts of information: weapon loading information, including the quantity, mass, location and protection requirements of shipborne weapons and equipment; and floating state information, including the ship's draft at the bow, midships and stern, the amount of water entering the compartments, the ship's ballast, the buoyancy reserve and the distribution of all free surface fluids.

[0031] Step 2: Set incentive inputs for protective effectiveness evaluation

[0032] Based on the hypothetical anti-ship weapon type, quantity, and hit method, the weapon yield, quantity, damage mode, and hit location are set as excitation inputs in the FEM software. The TNT yield conversion for anti-ship weapons involves two points: first, conversion based on the heat of explosion for the type of explosive charge; and second, conversion based on the explosion conditions and the shape of the explosive charge. For a heat of explosion of Q... vi A certain explosive charge has a charge mass of ω. i At that time, its TNT equivalent is ω e =(Q vi / Q vT )ω i In the formula Q vT The explosion of TNT. The damage modes of anti-ship weapons determine the type of input excitation. For example, the main damage elements of semi-armor-piercing anti-ship missiles include shock waves, fragments, and quasi-static gas pressure; the main damage elements of torpedoes include shock waves and bubble pulsation loads; the damage elements of naval guns include fragments and shock waves, with fragment damage being the primary factor.

[0033] Step 3: Simulate and calculate the structural protection effectiveness

[0034] The FEM software ABAQUS was used to calculate the structural damage to the ship, obtaining an intermediate model of the damaged remaining structure. Combining the protection of the ship's onboard systems and weapons, secondary disasters caused by ammunition or equipment explosions were assessed. Based on the excitation input of these secondary disasters, a model of the damaged remaining structure was obtained. This model was then used to determine the post-damage flooding of compartments and the ship's weight distribution. The ship stability calculation software NAPA was used to calculate the new floating state of the ship after the damage. Under this post-damage floating state, the distribution of shear force and bending moment on the ship was calculated based on the weight distribution, reflecting the required longitudinal and local strength. Figure 3As shown. The shear force and bending moment limits that the remaining protective structure of the ship can withstand are calculated using FEM software, reflecting the remaining amount of overall longitudinal strength and local strength. Since changes in float state significantly affect the distribution of shear force and bending moment on the ship, adjusting the ship's float state by comparing the remaining amount and demand of overall longitudinal strength and local strength can avoid weak areas of remaining strength. After float state adjustment, under the new float state, the overall longitudinal strength and local strength are calculated using FEM software, reflecting the protective effectiveness of the structure after damage. In the protective structure effectiveness assessment, the ultimate strength and local ultimate strength of the intact ship are taken as 100%. The simulated calculation of the ratio of the ultimate strength and local strength of the damaged ship to the intact strength quantitatively expresses the remaining protective effectiveness of the protective structure, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0035] Step 4: Simulate and calculate fire protection effectiveness

[0036] Because the explosive shockwave and shrapnel are rapid and short-lived, they damage the ship's fireproof coating. Under shockwave loads, the fireproof coating is weakened, and fragment loads can penetrate part of it. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the damaged remaining structural model of the ship obtained in the third step is used as the basis for fire protection simulation. Combined with the layout of the damaged ship's fire-resistant coating, and using anti-ship weapons and secondary disasters as excitation inputs, the fire simulation software CFAST is used to simulate and calculate the initial state and spread of the fire after the ship is hit. The fire protection requirements of weapons and equipment are combined to simulate secondary disasters caused by fire and smoke. The final remaining amount of fire-resistant coating and fire doors on the ship is obtained, thus reflecting the ship's remaining fire protection effectiveness. In the fire protection effectiveness assessment, the total area of ​​the fire-resistant coating, protection level, and fire doors of the complete ship is taken as 100%. The simulation calculates the proportion of the remaining fire-resistant coating area, protection level, and fire doors of the damaged ship to the total amount of the complete fire protection system, quantitatively describing the remaining fire protection effectiveness.

[0037] Step 5: Simulate damage control effectiveness

[0038] Damage control effectiveness assessment includes assessing the remaining quantity of equipment and personnel, as well as their operational capabilities. Using the remaining damaged structure model of the ship obtained in step three as the basis for damage control effectiveness simulation, the remaining quantity of damage control equipment and personnel is calculated by combining the complete ship's damage control equipment layout and personnel distribution. The operational capabilities of personnel within the damaged ship are simulated using the personnel evacuation simulation software Pathfinder, combined with factors reflecting the remaining protective damage control effectiveness, such as... Figure 6 As shown. In the damage control effectiveness assessment, with the damage control equipment, personnel, and operational capabilities of the complete ship as 100%, the remaining damage control equipment, personnel, and operational capabilities of the damaged ship relative to the complete system are simulated and calculated to quantitatively describe the remaining protective effectiveness of damage control.

[0039] Step 6: Database Establishment and Practical Application

[0040] The results obtained from the simulation calculations in step five are summarized to form a database. Under actual combat conditions, the ship's "damage" is compared with the database conditions to quickly assess the ship's protective effectiveness and provide a reference for damage control and combat.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of ship protection based on actual combat scenarios, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 divides the assessment of a ship's protective effectiveness into three systems: structural protection, fire protection, and damage control. The protective effectiveness of a complete ship is set at 100%. The ship's protective effectiveness is quantitatively assessed by evaluating the structural protection remaining, fire protection remaining, and damage control remaining of each system of a damaged ship. In S1, a quantitative method is used to assess the remaining capacity of each system in the ship's protection effectiveness, which specifically includes the following steps: In the S11 assessment of the effectiveness of protective structures, the ultimate strength and local ultimate strength of the complete ship are taken as 100%, and the simulation calculation is used to quantitatively express the remaining protective effectiveness of the structure by calculating the ratio of the ultimate strength and local strength of the damaged ship to the complete strength. In the fire protection effectiveness assessment, S12 uses the fire protection coverage area, protection level and total number of fire doors of the complete ship as 100% to simulate and calculate the proportion of the remaining fire protection coverage area, protection level and total number of fire doors of the damaged ship to the complete fire protection system, which quantitatively describes the remaining fire protection effectiveness. In the damage control effectiveness assessment, S13 uses the damage control equipment, personnel, and operational capabilities of a complete ship as 100% and simulates and calculates the proportion of the remaining damage control equipment, personnel, and operational capabilities of the damaged ship relative to the complete system to quantitatively describe the remaining protection effectiveness of damage control. S2 constructs the structural model, fire protection layout model, and damage control layout model of the ship. Then, based on the initial ship floating state, weapon loading conditions, and the number, type, and hit position of the anti-ship weapons, it sequentially simulates and solves the remaining structural protection, fire protection, and damage control protection. In S2, the finite element method is used to calculate the damage to the ship structure to obtain a damaged ship structure model. Based on this model, the fire protection effectiveness calculation model is obtained by combining the arrangement of the fireproof covering layer. Combined with the damage control system model, the damaged damage control system model and the personnel mobility calculation model are obtained. S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21 uses the finite element method to calculate the damage to the ship structure model. It uses the equivalent TNT or fragments of anti-ship weapons as excitation, sets boundary conditions and failure conditions, and judges whether the damage in the first stage will cause the weapon to explode in combination with the protection requirements of the shipborne weapons. It uses the weapon explosion as excitation and uses the finite element method to simulate and calculate the damage to the ship structure model. S22 first determines the extent to which the fireproof coverage layer has been weakened, and then uses a model of the damaged ship structure combined with the layout of the fire protection system, with fire and smoke as excitations, to calculate the damage to the ship's fire protection using simulation methods. S23 uses a damaged ship structural model to first determine the extent of damage control equipment and personnel losses, and then simulates and calculates the operational capabilities of damage control personnel within the damaged ship. Based on the simulation results, S3 sets up various typical working conditions for simulation calculations, summarizes the simulation results into a database, and compares the actual damage to ships with the database under actual combat conditions to make quick decisions.

2. The method for evaluating ship protection effectiveness based on combat scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the ship's floating state, weapon protection requirements, ship load, hypothetical anti-ship weapon yield, quantity, damage mode, and hit location under actual combat conditions, a comprehensive simulation of possible ship damage under actual combat conditions is established, and a database is built to quickly compare ship damage under actual combat conditions for assessment and decision-making.

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