A method of time-delayed sampling electromagnetic pulse detection

Abstract

The application relates to an electromagnetic pulse detection method of time-delay sampling, relates to the technical field of electromagnetic pulse signal detection, and improves the sampling rate of equipment without changing the circuit structure of an existing detection device, facilitates upgrading of an existing multi-channel detection device to have a larger signal acquisition bandwidth, meanwhile, the bandwidth of a signal detected by the detection device in the application can be doubled, the bandwidth of a sampled signal can also be doubled according to a sampling theorem, the types and information of signals capable of being detected are more abundant, for the electromagnetic pulse signals that can be covered originally, the application can obtain more detailed time-domain information of signals, facilitates subsequent detection and identification and the like processing procedures, and is suitable for wide popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic pulse signal detection technology, and specifically to an electromagnetic pulse detection method using delayed sampling. Background Technology

[0002] As is known, with the development of electromagnetic pulse signal detection technology, the bandwidth requirements for electromagnetic pulse signal detection are becoming increasingly higher. This places higher demands on the performance indicators of electromagnetic pulse signal detection equipment (hereinafter referred to as detection equipment), requiring the detection equipment to have higher analog bandwidth and sampling rate in order to effectively acquire electromagnetic pulse signals and obtain detailed time-domain characteristics of electromagnetic pulse signals.

[0003] Existing detection equipment directly samples electromagnetic pulse signals, and the sampled results are then processed by a digital processing unit. This direct sampling method is limited by the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chip; the bandwidth of the acquired signal must be less than half the ADC sampling rate, and signals exceeding half the ADC sampling rate cannot be detected.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to provide a delayed sampling method for electromagnetic pulse detection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides an electromagnetic pulse detection method with delayed sampling. This invention uses two different delayed paths in conjunction with two identical sampling channels to simultaneously sample pulse signals at different times, thereby doubling the equivalent sampling rate of the original detection equipment. The increased equivalent sampling rate expands the range of detectable pulse types and enables the detection of electromagnetic pulse signals with larger bandwidths, allowing for the acquisition of more refined pulse time-domain characteristics.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned inventive objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0007] An electromagnetic pulse detection method with delayed sampling, the electromagnetic pulse detection method specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, Circuit Connection:

[0009] To simultaneously connect the original electromagnetic pulse signal to two different transmission paths and transmit it to two identical sampling channels of the detection device, the two transmission paths are implemented on the same printed circuit board, with all circuit parameters remaining consistent except for the trace length.

[0010] Step 2, Signal Transmission:

[0011] After the pulse input passes through different transmission paths, it has different sampled values ​​at the same sampling time; the time difference between the transmission signals of the two transmission paths is half of the sampling period, and the difference in the trace length of the two transmission paths can be calculated by the following formula.

[0012] L diff =V t ×T s / 2

[0013] Where: L diff V represents the difference in line length between transmission path 2 and transmission path 1. t T represents the transmission speed of electromagnetic pulse signals in a printed circuit board. s The sampling clock cycle of the sampling channel of the detection device;

[0014] After passing through different transmission lines, the pulse input signal is divided into two different pulse signals 1 and 2, which are simultaneously sampled by two identical acquisition channels to obtain two sets of sampled data S1(n) and S2(n).

[0015] Where: n is an integer, representing different sampling times starting from 0;

[0016] After signal processing, the sampled data is synthesized into new sampled data S(n). The sampling rate of the synthesized data is twice that of the original data. After merging the data at different sampling times, it is equivalent to the sampling time interval becoming half of the original.

[0017] Step 3: Signal Synthesis

[0018] During signal synthesis, the two signals first need to be biased and normalized to ensure that the digital signals obtained from the two acquisition channels have amplitude consistency. The synthesis formula is as follows:

[0019] S(2n)=(S2(n)-V2)×A2

[0020] S(2n+1)=(S1(n)-V1)×A1

[0021] Where: V1 and V2 are bias factors, and A1 and A2 are normalization factors. All four factors need to be obtained through the sampling calibration process.

[0022] During the sampling calibration process, a sinusoidal continuous wave signal with a preset sampling rate is input as a pulse input through a standard signal generator. After passing through two different transmission paths, the two sampling channels of the device under test acquire two sets of sampling data S1(n) and S2(n).

[0023] Calculate the bias factors V1 and V2 using the following formulas:

[0024] V1 = mean(S1(n))

[0025] V2 = mean(S2(n))

[0026] Where: mean(S(n)) represents the average value of the sampled data S(n);

[0027] Calculate the normalization factors A1 and A2 using the following formulas respectively;

[0028] A1 = 1 / (max(S1(n)) - V1)

[0029] A2 = 1 / (max(S2(n)) - V2)

[0030] Where: max(S(n)) represents the maximum value in the sampled data S(n);

[0031] Step 4, Signal Detection:

[0032] The synthesized signal S(n) is compared with a set threshold. When the signal S(n) is greater than the set threshold, the trigger condition is met, and the detection device determines that the required pulse signal has arrived. At this time, the pulse signal is stored and analyzed. When the entire S(n) sequence is less than the set threshold, the detection device determines that the required pulse signal has not yet arrived.

[0033] In the electromagnetic pulse detection method with delayed sampling, the two sampling channels in the first step use the same sampling clock.

[0034] In the electromagnetic pulse detection method with delayed sampling, the third step of the sampling calibration process requires a sinusoidal continuous wave signal with a sampling rate of 1 / 16 to be input as a pulse input through a standard signal generator.

[0035] By employing the technical solution described above, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] This invention improves the sampling rate of existing detection equipment without changing its circuit structure, making it easy to upgrade existing multi-channel detection equipment to have a larger signal acquisition bandwidth. At the same time, the bandwidth of the detection equipment can be doubled, and according to the sampling theorem, the bandwidth of the sampled signal can also be doubled. The types of signals that can be detected are richer and the information is more abundant. For electromagnetic pulse signals that were already covered, this invention can obtain more detailed time-domain information, which is convenient for subsequent detection and identification processes. It is suitable for widespread promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how pulse inputs have different sampling values ​​at the same sampling time after passing through different transmission paths in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how merging data from different sampling times in an embodiment of the present invention is equivalent to the sampling time interval being halved. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention can be explained in more detail through the following embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments;

[0040] This invention presents a delayed sampling method for detection equipment. By using two different delayed paths in conjunction with two identical sampling channels, it can simultaneously sample pulse signals at different times, thereby doubling the equivalent sampling rate of the original detection equipment. The increased equivalent sampling rate expands the range of detectable pulse types and enables the detection of electromagnetic pulse signals with larger bandwidths, allowing for the acquisition of more refined pulse time-domain characteristics.

[0041] Combined with appendix Figures 1-2 The present invention provides a delayed sampling method for detecting electromagnetic pulses, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] Step 1, Circuit Connection:

[0043] To simultaneously connect the original electromagnetic pulse signal to two different transmission paths and transmit it to two identical sampling channels of the detection device, the two transmission paths are implemented on the same printed circuit board, with all circuit parameters remaining consistent except for trace length; in practice, the two sampling channels use the same sampling clock.

[0044] Step 2, Signal Transmission:

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, after the pulse input passes through different transmission paths, it has different sampled values ​​at the same sampling time;

[0046] After the pulse input passes through different transmission paths, it has different sampled values ​​at the same sampling time; the time difference between the transmission signals of the two transmission paths is half of the sampling period, and the difference in the trace length of the two transmission paths can be calculated by the following formula.

[0047] L diff =V t ×T s / 2

[0048] Where: L diff V represents the difference in line length between transmission path 2 and transmission path 1. t T represents the transmission speed of electromagnetic pulse signals in a printed circuit board. s The sampling clock cycle of the sampling channel of the detection device;

[0049] After passing through different transmission lines, the pulse input signal is divided into two different pulse signals 1 and 2, which are simultaneously sampled by two identical acquisition channels to obtain two sets of sampled data S1(n) and S2(n).

[0050] Where: n is an integer, representing different sampling times starting from 0;

[0051] After signal processing, the sampled data is synthesized into new sampled data S(n). The sampling rate of the synthesized data is twice that of the original data. Figure 2 As shown, merging data from different sampling times is equivalent to halving the original sampling time interval;

[0052] Step 3: Signal Synthesis

[0053] During signal synthesis, the two signals first need to be biased and normalized to ensure that the digital signals obtained from the two acquisition channels have amplitude consistency. The synthesis formula is as follows:

[0054] S(2n)=(S2(n)-V2)×A2

[0055] S(2n+1)=(S1(n)-V1)×A1

[0056] Where: V1 and V2 are bias factors, and A1 and A2 are normalization factors. All four factors need to be obtained through the sampling calibration process.

[0057] During the sampling calibration process, a sinusoidal continuous wave signal with a preset sampling rate needs to be input as a pulse input through a standard signal generator. In specific implementation, during the sampling calibration process, a sinusoidal continuous wave signal with a sampling rate of 1 / 16 needs to be input as a pulse input through a standard signal generator. Then, after passing through two different transmission paths, the two sampling channels of the device under test acquire two sets of sampling data S1(n) and S2(n).

[0058] Calculate the bias factors V1 and V2 using the following formulas:

[0059] V1 = mean(S1(n))

[0060] V2 = mean(S2(n))

[0061] Where: mean(S(n)) represents the average value of the sampled data S(n);

[0062] Calculate the normalization factors A1 and A2 using the following formulas respectively;

[0063] A1 = 1 / (max(S1(n)) - V1)

[0064] A2 = 1 / (max(S2(n)) - V2)

[0065] Where: max(S(n)) represents the maximum value in the sampled data S(n);

[0066] Step 4, Signal Detection:

[0067] The synthesized signal S(n) is compared with a set threshold. When the signal S(n) is greater than the set threshold, the trigger condition is met, and the detection device determines that the required pulse signal has arrived. At this time, the pulse signal is stored and analyzed. When the entire S(n) sequence is less than the set threshold, the detection device determines that the required pulse signal has not yet arrived.

[0068] In practical implementation, for example, an existing dual-channel detection device with a sampling rate of 1GHz can acquire a maximum signal bandwidth of 500MHz. Signals exceeding 500MHz become aliased and corrupted after acquisition, making the device unable to monitor signals above 500MHz. After modification using the method of this invention, the equivalent sampling rate of the detection device is increased to 2GHz, and the maximum signal bandwidth can be acquired to 1000MHz. Signals from 500MHz to 1000MHz can be normally acquired and recorded by the detection device.

[0069] In practice, this invention uses a separate printed circuit board to distribute external signals to two identical acquisition channels in the detection device, and merges the data from the two channels through data post-processing to obtain an equivalent sampling rate of 2 times.

[0070] Furthermore, while redesigning the detection equipment using an ADC device with a higher sampling rate could achieve the same objective as this invention, it would result in higher implementation costs and greater circuit complexity. Moreover, given the existing use of high-sampling-rate devices in the industry, it is impossible to find a device with an even higher sampling rate capable of performing the same function.

[0071] The main innovative points of this invention are as follows:

[0072] 1. This invention improves the effective sampling rate of the detection equipment by using two different delay paths and two identical acquisition channels to acquire information of electromagnetic pulse signals at different time points.

[0073] 2. The data from the acquisition channels are combined into new sampling data after biasing and normalizing post-processing, with an equivalent sampling rate of twice the original sampling rate.

[0074] 3. Calibrate different delay paths and sampling channels using calibration signals to obtain bias factors and normalization factors for different paths.

[0075] The advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0076] 1. Improve the sampling rate of the equipment without changing the existing circuit structure of the detection equipment, so as to facilitate the upgrading of existing multi-channel detection equipment to have a larger signal acquisition bandwidth.

[0077] 2. The bandwidth of the detection equipment can be doubled, and the types and information of signals that can be detected are richer.

[0078] 3. For electromagnetic pulse signals that were already covered, the method of this invention can obtain more detailed time-domain information of the signal, which facilitates subsequent detection and identification processes.

[0079] The parts of this invention not described in detail are prior art.

[0080] The embodiments selected herein for the purpose of disclosing the inventive objectives are currently considered suitable; however, it should be understood that the invention is intended to include all variations and modifications of the embodiments that fall within the scope of this concept and invention.

Claims

1. A method of electromagnetic pulse detection with time-delayed sampling, characterized by: The electromagnetic pulse detection method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, Circuit Connection: To simultaneously connect the original electromagnetic pulse signal to two different transmission paths and transmit it to two identical sampling channels of the detection device, the two transmission paths are implemented on the same printed circuit board, with all circuit parameters remaining consistent except for the trace length. Step 2, Signal Transmission: After the pulse input passes through different transmission paths, it has different sampled values ​​at the same sampling time; the time difference between the transmission signals of the two transmission paths is half of the sampling period, and the difference in the trace length of the two transmission paths can be calculated by the following formula. L diff = V t x T s / 2 wherein: L diff is the difference in line length between transmission path 2 and transmission path 1, V t is the speed of transmission of the electromagnetic pulse signal in the printed circuit board, T s is the sampling clock period of the detection device sampling channel; After passing through different transmission lines, the pulse input signal is divided into two different pulse signals 1 and 2, which are simultaneously sampled by two identical acquisition channels to obtain two sets of sampled data S1(n) and S2(n). Where: n is an integer, representing different sampling times starting from 0; After signal processing, the sampled data is synthesized into new sampled data S(n). The sampling rate of the synthesized data is twice that of the original data. After merging the data at different sampling times, it is equivalent to the sampling time interval becoming half of the original. Step 3: Signal Synthesis During signal synthesis, the two signals first need to be biased and normalized to ensure that the digital signals obtained from the two acquisition channels have amplitude consistency. The synthesis formula is as follows: S(2n)=(S2(n)-V2)×A2 S(2n+1)=(S1(n)-V1)×A1 Where: V1 and V2 are bias factors, and A1 and A2 are normalization factors. All four factors need to be obtained through the sampling calibration process. During the sampling calibration process, a sinusoidal continuous wave signal with a preset sampling rate is input as a pulse input through a standard signal generator. After passing through two different transmission paths, the two sampling channels of the device under test acquire two sets of sampling data S1(n) and S2(n). Calculate the bias factors V1 and V2 using the following formulas: V1 = mean(S1(n)) V2 = mean(S2(n)) Where: mean(S(n)) represents the average value of the sampled data S(n); Calculate the normalization factors A1 and A2 using the following formulas respectively; A1 = 1 / (max(S1(n)) - V1) A2 = 1 / (max(S2(n)) - V2) Where: max(S(n)) represents the maximum value in the sampled data S(n); Step 4, Signal Detection: The synthesized signal S(n) is compared with a set threshold. When the signal S(n) is greater than the set threshold, the trigger condition is met, and the detection device determines that the required pulse signal has arrived. At this time, the pulse signal is stored and analyzed. When the entire S(n) sequence is less than the set threshold, the detection device determines that the required pulse signal has not yet arrived.

2. The time-delayed sampling electromagnetic pulse detection method of claim 1, wherein: In the first step, both sampling channels use the same sampling clock.

3. The time-delayed sampling electromagnetic pulse detection method of claim 1, wherein: In the third step of the sampling calibration process, a sinusoidal continuous wave signal with a sampling rate of 1 / 16 needs to be input as a pulse input through a standard signal generator.

Images