Acousto-optic composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles
By using an acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system that combines laser and acoustic detection, precise detection of underwater vehicles in both near and far ranges is achieved. This solves the problems of large blind spots and slow response speed in existing technologies, and improves the detection efficiency and economic benefits of underwater vehicles.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INST OF ACOUSTICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
- Filing Date
- 2023-03-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing underwater acoustic detection technologies suffer from large blind zones and slow response speeds in short-range detection, while non-acoustic fuses have weak detection capabilities at long distances. This results in low detection efficiency and high false alarm rates for underwater vehicles, making it impossible to achieve accurate detection of underwater targets.
An acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system is adopted, which combines laser detection and acoustic detection. The switching between the laser and acoustic detection subsystems is controlled by a strategy selection and target decision module. By taking advantage of the high precision of laser and the long-distance detection of acoustic waves, detection coverage in both near and far domains can be achieved.
It improves the detection accuracy and response speed of underwater vehicles, reduces the false alarm rate, and enhances the economic benefits of underwater vehicles.
Smart Images
Figure CN116299487B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of acoustic detection technology for underwater vehicles, and particularly relates to an acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles. Background Technology
[0002] Underwater target detection technology has long been a focus of attention for major maritime powers, and underwater vehicles, serving as platforms for underwater target detection, have been widely applied in both civilian and military fields. Underwater acoustic detection technology, relying on the unique advantages of sound waves—long propagation distance and low attenuation in water—holds a crucial position in ocean observation and underwater target detection, serving as a primary means of achieving far-field underwater target detection. However, in near-field detection, underwater acoustic detection lacks the ability to react to high-speed targets and suffers from detection "blind spots," hindering accurate detection of underwater targets. In recent years, the discovery of blue-green light-transmitting windows in seawater has opened up a new avenue for underwater target detection. Lasers, with their advantages of high brightness, short pulses, high collimation, and strong anti-interference capabilities, can achieve higher ranging and positioning accuracy than acoustic detection in near-field detection of maneuvering underwater targets.
[0003] The existing technology has the following three main technical defects:
[0004] (1) Acoustic fuze technology has a large blind zone, slow response speed and low fuze action efficiency when it operates at the short end of the range.
[0005] (2) Non-acoustic fuses, such as laser fuses and electromagnetic fuses, have weak detection capabilities for long-distance targets and do not have the ability to provide long-range early warning and full-range tracking.
[0006] (3) Low detection efficiency and high fuze misfire rate prevent underwater vehicles from fully playing their role, resulting in lower economic benefits. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose an acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles, thereby improving the fuze's high activation efficiency and reducing the false activation rate.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes an acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles, the system comprising:
[0009] The laser detection subsystem is used to emit a detection beam in a synchronous scanning manner under the control of the strategy selection and target decision module, and to receive the beam reflected by the detection target to extract effective information.
[0010] The acoustic detection subsystem is used to emit vibration acoustic signals and receive echo signals reflected by the detected target under the control of the strategy selection and target decision module, so as to extract effective target information.
[0011] The strategy selection and target determination module is used to control the operation of the laser detection subsystem and the acoustic detection subsystem according to the preset value of the switching distance of the acoustic and optical detection. It is also used to identify the effective target signals extracted by the two subsystems based on the strategy, determine the true target, and realize the detection.
[0012] As an improvement to the above system, the laser detection subsystem includes:
[0013] A circumferential scanning module is used to emit a probe beam using a synchronous scanning method and to receive the beam reflected by the probed target; and
[0014] The signal processing module is used to perform photoelectric conversion and target parameter calculation on the received reflected beam to achieve real-time detection of underwater targets.
[0015] As an improvement to the above system, the circumferential scanning module includes three optical windows spaced 120 degrees apart and equidistant from the center of the sphere, as well as a laser emitter, a laser receiver, an emitting plane mirror, a receiving plane mirror, and a scanning DC motor located at the center of the sphere.
[0016] As an improvement to the above system, the synchronous scanning method is as follows:
[0017] The rotation of the transmitting and receiving plane mirrors is controlled by a scanning DC motor, and the laser beam is transmitted and received sequentially through each optical window to achieve full-circumferential dynamic scanning of the laser beam.
[0018] As an improvement to the above system, the signal processing module includes:
[0019] A photoelectric signal conversion unit is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the received transmitted light beam; and
[0020] The target parameter calculation unit is used to process the converted electrical signal in blocks through data pipeline parallelization and to determine the detection target through target parameter calculation.
[0021] As an improvement to the above system, the processing procedure of the strategy selection and target decision module includes:
[0022] Step 1) Set the preset value of the acoustic and optical detection switching distance to n meters. When the distance between the underwater vehicle and the target to be identified is greater than n meters, the acoustic detection subsystem is activated. When the distance is less than n meters, the laser detection subsystem is activated.
[0023] Step 2) When the distance is between n+30 meters and n meters, record the effective information extracted by the acoustic detection subsystem and smooth it using a moving average filter to obtain the smoothed data result X.
[0024] Step 3) When the distance between the underwater vehicle and the target to be identified is less than n meters, start the laser detection subsystem, stop the acoustic detection subsystem, and record the effective information Y1 extracted by the laser detection subsystem;
[0025] Step 4) Based on the data result X from Step 2), predict the next detection result Xp and compare it with the valid information Y1 obtained in Step 3. If the difference between Xp and Y1 is within the allowable error range, it is determined to be a true target.
[0026] Step 5) Based on the prediction result Xp from step 4), predict the subsequent detection result Xpp and compare it with the laser detection result Y2 obtained at this time. If the difference between Xpp and Y2 is within the allowable error range, it is determined to be a true target.
[0027] Step 6) If both determinations are for a true target, stop the acoustic detection subsystem and only start the laser detection subsystem; if one of the determinations is for a false target, assign the value n-20 to n and go to step 2).
[0028] As an improvement to the above system, the acoustic detection subsystem is deployed in the bow section of the underwater vehicle, and the laser detection subsystem is deployed in the aft section of the underwater vehicle.
[0029] As an improvement to the above system, the system also includes a power supply subsystem, which is connected to the acoustic detection subsystem and the laser detection subsystem respectively via cables.
[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
[0031] This invention discloses an acoustic-optical composite fuze technology that addresses the need for strong long-range detection capabilities and small blind spots and fast response speeds in detecting underwater maneuvering targets from both near and far distances. Combining the advantages of acoustic and optical technologies in both near and far ranges, this invention proposes a near-far range coverage detection technology to achieve accurate detection of targets in both near and far ranges, improve the fuze's response speed, reduce the false trigger rate, and enhance the economic efficiency of underwater vehicles. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the acousto-optic composite fuze of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to the present invention;
[0034] Figure 3 These are top and side views of the acoustic-optical detection subsystem mounted on an underwater vehicle.
[0035] Figure 4 Optical window layout of the laser detection subsystem;
[0036] Figure 5 Layout of components and sensors in the laser detection subsystem. Detailed Implementation
[0037] The main innovations and problems solved by this invention are as follows:
[0038] 1. The application of acoustic-optical composite fuses to underwater vehicles is an innovation in this direction;
[0039] 2. One of the difficulties in realizing the acoustic-optical composite fuze lies in the compatibility design of the hardware and software of the acoustic and optical detection systems, so that the two can be well integrated on the same platform.
[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0041] Example
[0042] Embodiments of this invention propose an acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles. Its working principle is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.
[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, this system includes:
[0044] The laser detection subsystem is used to emit a detection beam in a synchronous scanning manner under the control of the strategy selection and target decision module, and to receive the beam reflected by the detection target to extract effective information.
[0045] The acoustic detection subsystem is used to emit vibration acoustic signals and receive echo signals reflected by the detected target under the control of the strategy selection and target decision module, so as to extract effective target information.
[0046] The strategy selection and target determination module is used to control the operation of the laser detection subsystem and the acoustic detection subsystem according to the preset value of the switching distance of the acoustic and optical detection. It is also used to identify the effective target signals extracted by the two subsystems based on the strategy, determine the true target, and realize the detection.
[0047] The power supply subsystem is connected to the acoustic detection subsystem and the laser detection subsystem via cables.
[0048] The compatibility design of the acoustic-optical composite system adopts a segmented design approach. The head section is the acoustic detection subsystem, which includes an acoustic signal transmitting and receiving module, with an acoustic transducer at the top. The rear section is the laser detection subsystem, which consists of an optical element module, an optical signal transmitting and receiving module, and a rotating motor. The laser detection subsystem has three optical windows embedded in its exterior, and the rotating motor drives the optical element module to transmit and receive optical signals through these windows. The two subsystems are connected to the power supply section of the rear section via cables to ensure their power supply. Figure 3The image shows a top view and a side view of the underwater vehicle carrying the acoustic and optical detection subsystem.
[0049] The following is a detailed analysis:
[0050] 1) Laser detection subsystem:
[0051] like Figure 4 The diagram shows the optical window layout of the laser detection subsystem; as shown... Figure 5 The diagram shows the layout of devices and sensors in the laser detection subsystem.
[0052] Miniaturized design of laser detection subsystem and layout design of optical sensor, the sensor is designed to realize the detection of the target in the circumferential (360 degrees);
[0053] Conventional optical detection systems are difficult to miniaturize due to limitations in the size of optical components and mechanical devices. To address the compatibility issue of laser detection systems with lightweight underwater vehicles, a synchronous scanning approach is adopted in terms of beam layout. The synchronous scanning scheme uses a single laser transmitter and receiver, utilizing a high-speed scanning motor to alternately transmit and receive the beam within a 120-degree coverage area (with a 3dB emission angle ≥120 degrees in the sagittal direction) at three optical windows, achieving 360-degree dynamic scanning of the beam. Compared to multi-radiation, partitioned, and partitioned scanning schemes, which all use multiple laser transmitters and receivers, requiring high-power power supplies and increasing system power consumption and space requirements, the synchronous scanning scheme effectively solves the compatibility problem of laser detection systems with miniaturized underwater vehicles.
[0054] 2) Acoustic detection subsystem
[0055] This part is a standard design.
[0056] 3) Strategy Selection and Target Judgment Module
[0057] The fusion strategy and target decision criteria of the acousto-optic composite detection system are used together to improve the efficiency of target detection and increase the confidence level of the target. The fusion strategy and target decision criteria are as follows:
[0058] S1) The preset switching time between acoustic and optical detection tasks is when the distance between the two vehicles is n meters (initial value n = 100). That is, detection tasks greater than n meters use acoustic detection and detection tasks less than n meters use laser detection.
[0059] S2) Record the distances of acoustic detection targets between (n+30) meters and n meters, and smooth the recorded data using a moving average filter; obtain the smoothed data result X;
[0060] S3) After predicting that the next detection distance is less than n meters, start the laser detection task, stop the acoustic detection task, and record the detection result information Y1, etc.
[0061] S4) Based on the smoothed result X of the acoustic detection result, predict the next detection result Xp and compare it with the result Y1 obtained by laser detection. If the difference between Xp and Y1 is within the allowable error range (distance not greater than 3 meters, azimuth not greater than 2 degrees, etc.), it is determined to be a true target.
[0062] S5) Based on the predicted result Xp of the acoustic detection result, predict the next detection result Xpp and compare it with the result Y2 obtained by laser detection. If the difference between Xpp and Y2 is within the allowable error range (distance not greater than 3 meters, azimuth not greater than 2 degrees, etc.), it is determined to be a true target.
[0063] S6) If both results indicate a real target, the acoustic detection task is completely stopped, and only the laser detection task is performed subsequently. If either result indicates a false target, the value n = n-20 is taken, and S2 is repeated.
[0064] The invention of the acoustic-optical composite fuze technology enables underwater vehicles to detect targets at long range and effectively improves their short-range detection capability against maneuvering targets, significantly enhancing the efficiency of underwater vehicle fuzes. This fuze technology is implemented using a modular cascade approach, with the acoustic detection subsystem and the optical detection subsystem being independent subsystems that can operate independently or in combination. It is scientifically sound and relatively easy to implement.
[0065] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing fuze technologies by providing an acoustic-optical composite fuze technology for underwater vehicles. It fully leverages the advantages of acoustic detection technology (long range and wide detection area) and laser detection technology (precise detection and target alignment at near-field intersections), combining their strengths to achieve accurate detection and improve fuze response speed and operational efficiency. This fuze technology adds a laser detection module behind the acoustic detection module and establishes corresponding electrical connections with other subsystems internally, optimizing the target detection algorithm to realize the composite fuze function. This composite fuze technology results in higher fuze integration, enabling full-range detection of underwater targets at both near and far distances. With a relatively simple structure, it achieves a more accurate and efficient fuze function, significantly improving fuze response speed and operational efficiency while reducing fuze false trigger rate.
[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite acoustic-optical fuse detection system for underwater vehicles, characterized in that, The system includes: The laser detection subsystem is used to emit a detection beam in a synchronous scanning manner under the control of the strategy selection and target decision module, and to receive the beam reflected by the detection target to extract effective information. The acoustic detection subsystem is used to emit vibration acoustic signals and receive echo signals reflected by the detected target under the control of the strategy selection and target decision module, so as to extract effective target information. The strategy selection and target decision module is used to control the operation of the laser detection subsystem and the acoustic detection subsystem according to a preset value of the switching distance between acoustic and optical detection. It is also used to identify the valid target signals extracted by the two subsystems based on the strategy, determine the true target, and achieve detection. The processing procedure of the strategy selection and target decision module includes: Step 1) Set the preset value of the acoustic and optical detection switching distance to n meters. When the distance between the underwater vehicle and the target to be identified is greater than n meters, the acoustic detection subsystem is activated. When the distance is less than n meters, the laser detection subsystem is activated. Step 2) When the distance is between n+30 meters and n meters, record the effective information extracted by the acoustic detection subsystem and smooth it using a moving average filter to obtain the smoothed data result X. Step 3) When the distance between the underwater vehicle and the target to be identified is less than n meters, start the laser detection subsystem, stop the acoustic detection subsystem, and record the effective information Y1 extracted by the laser detection subsystem; Step 4) Based on the data result X from Step 2), predict the next detection result Xp and compare it with the valid information Y1 obtained in Step 3. If the difference between Xp and Y1 is within the allowable error range, it is determined to be a true target. Step 5) Based on the prediction result Xp from step 4), predict the subsequent detection result Xpp and compare it with the laser detection result Y2 obtained at this time. If the difference between Xpp and Y2 is within the allowable error range, it is determined to be a true target. Step 6) If both determinations are for a true target, stop the acoustic detection subsystem and only start the laser detection subsystem; if one of the determinations is for a false target, assign the value n-20 to n and go to step 2).
2. The acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser detection subsystem includes: A circumferential scanning module is used to emit a probe beam using a synchronous scanning method and to receive the beam reflected by the probed target; and The signal processing module is used to perform photoelectric conversion and target parameter calculation on the received reflected beam to achieve real-time detection of underwater targets.
3. The acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The circumferential scanning module includes three optical windows spaced 120 degrees apart and equidistant from the center of the sphere, as well as a laser emitter, a laser receiver, an emitting plane mirror, a receiving plane mirror, and a scanning DC motor located at the center of the sphere.
4. The acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The synchronous scanning method is as follows: The rotation of the transmitting and receiving plane mirrors is controlled by a scanning DC motor, and the laser beam is transmitted and received sequentially through each optical window to achieve dynamic scanning of the laser beam in the full circumference.
5. The acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal processing module includes: A photoelectric signal conversion unit is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the received transmitted light beam; and The target parameter calculation unit is used to process the converted electrical signal in blocks through data pipeline parallelization and to determine the detection target through target parameter calculation.
6. The acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic detection subsystem is deployed in the bow section of the underwater vehicle, and the laser detection subsystem is deployed in the aft section of the underwater vehicle.
7. The acoustic-optical composite fuze detection system for underwater vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a power supply subsystem, which is connected to the acoustic detection subsystem and the laser detection subsystem via cables.