A three-dimensional five-surface loading sample device and method for large-size rock mass sample

Abstract

This invention discloses a three-dimensional, five-sided loading device and method for loading large-size rock mass specimens. The device includes a loading cavity, which is formed by a bottom plate, a top loading plate, and four lateral loading plates. The bottom plate has a specimen positioning boundary line for centering the specimen. At least two gauge rods are fixedly installed on the bottom plate on the outer side of each lateral loading plate. Each gauge rod has a threaded hole, and an adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded hole to abut against the corresponding lateral loading plate. This device has the advantages of facilitating specimen loading and preventing bias pressure during specimen loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of indoor rock mechanics testing technology, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional five-face loading device and loading method for large-size rock mass samples. Background Technology

[0002] Rock masses, as complex geological formations, are composed of rock blocks and structural planes. The complexity of their internal structure and texture varies with different spatial dimensions. Due to the small size of small-sized rock mass samples, testing can only be conducted on rock blocks, making it difficult to consider the influence of the actual internal structural characteristics of the rock mass. Large-scale rock mass mechanics tests, on the other hand, yield results that are significantly closer to the mechanical properties of the actual rock mass than those obtained from laboratory tests on small-sized samples. Compared to the properties of rock masses under actual working conditions, conducting laboratory mechanics tests on larger-sized rock masses is therefore essential. Furthermore, conducting large-scale laboratory rock mass mechanics tests allows for the corroboration of laboratory rock mechanics research with numerical simulation tests of large-sized rock mass samples, in-situ tests, actual field engineering, and theoretical derivations, thus promoting the development of laboratory rock mechanics testing technology. Currently, the large-scale true triaxial simulation experimental devices developed by Taiyuan University of Technology, the China Academy of Exploration and Development, and other institutions involve first closing the loading plates to form an upward-opening sample chamber that matches the rock mass sample, and then hoisting the sample into the chamber. This process is not only inconvenient but also poses certain safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional, five-sided loading device and method for loading large-size rock mass samples, which facilitates sample loading and prevents bias during sample loading.

[0004] To address this, the present invention provides a three-dimensional five-sided loading device for large-size rock mass specimens, comprising a loading cavity, which is formed by a bottom plate, a top loading plate, and four lateral loading plates. The bottom plate is provided with specimen positioning boundary lines for aligning and placing the specimen. At least two gauge rods are fixedly provided on the bottom plate on the outer side of each of the lateral loading plates, and each gauge rod is provided with a threaded hole. An adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded hole and abuts against the corresponding lateral loading plate.

[0005] Specifically, each of the gauge rods is also equipped with a first displacement sensor to measure the movement distance of the corresponding lateral loading plate during the loading process, and a second displacement sensor to measure the movement distance of the top loading plate during the loading process is also installed on the base plate via a support rod.

[0006] Specifically, both the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are grating displacement sensors.

[0007] Specifically, the meter rod is provided with a first clearance through hole for the telescopic rod of the first displacement sensor to retract, and the support rod is provided with a second clearance through hole for the telescopic rod of the second displacement sensor to retract.

[0008] Specifically, the support rod is L-shaped.

[0009] Specifically, two gauge rods are vertically installed on the outer side of each of the lateral loading plates, and a first displacement sensor is installed at the upper end of each gauge rod. The two first displacement sensors on the two gauge rods are respectively located at the two opposite apex corners of the corresponding lateral loading plates.

[0010] Specifically, there are two second displacement sensors, which are located at two opposite corners of the top loading plate.

[0011] Specifically, both the lateral loading plate and the top loading plate are provided with threaded holes to facilitate the installation of lifting rings.

[0012] A method for loading large-size rock mass specimens using a three-dimensional, five-plane loading method includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Hoist the base plate to the support platform;

[0014] Step 2: Use a rock mass sample holder to move the rock mass sample to the bottom plate. The position of the sample is determined by drawing the sample positioning boundary line in advance on the bottom plate.

[0015] Step 3: Hoist each lateral loading plate onto the base plate, move the lateral loading plates and align them tightly with the rock mass sample;

[0016] Step 4: Install gauge rods and support rods on each side of the base plate, so that the adjusting bolts pass through the gauge rods and abut against the lateral loading plate to prevent the lateral loading plate from tipping over. By turning the adjusting bolts, the lateral loading plate and the rock mass sample are moved so that the sample is adjusted to the center of the base plate to prevent the sample from being biased during loading.

[0017] Step 5: Install displacement sensors on the gauge rod and support rod to monitor the displacement of the rock sample on each loading surface during the three-dimensional five-plane loading process. During installation, ensure that each displacement sensor has an initial deformation amount that can meet the deformation change of the large-sized rock sample during the sample compression process. Then tighten the fixing bolts to fix the displacement sensors.

[0018] Step 6: Load the sample loading device using the loading system, and simultaneously monitor the displacement trend of each grating displacement sensor on each loading surface.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, at least one embodiment of the present invention has the following effective effects: During installation, the sample is first placed on the base plate, and the bolts on the gauge rod are adjusted so that the bolts abut against the lateral loading plate and fit with the sample. This not only makes sample loading convenient, but also helps to fix the lateral loading plate and prevent the loading plate from tilting. At the same time, the base plate has sample positioning boundary lines for centering the sample. By turning the bolts, it is also convenient to adjust the sample position to achieve centering and prevent sample bias. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of the three-dimensional five-sided loading and loading device for large-size rock mass samples provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of the three-dimensional five-sided loading and loading device for large-size rock mass samples provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0023] The components include: 1. base plate; 2. top loading plate; 3. side loading plate; 4. gauge rod; 5. adjusting bolt; 6. first displacement sensor; 7. support rod; 8. second displacement sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A three-dimensional five-sided loading device for large-size rock mass specimens includes a square loading cavity, which is surrounded by a bottom plate 1, a top loading plate 2, and four lateral loading plates 3. The bottom plate 1 is provided with specimen positioning boundary lines (not shown in the figure) for aligning the specimen. At least two gauge rods 4 are fixedly installed on the bottom plate 1 on the outside of each lateral loading plate 3. Each gauge rod 4 is provided with a threaded hole, and an adjusting bolt 5 is screwed into the threaded hole to abut against the corresponding lateral loading plate 3.

[0028] In this embodiment, when installing the sample, the sample is first placed on the base plate 1, and the bolts on the adjustment rod 4 are adjusted so that the bolts abut against the lateral loading plate 3 and fit against the sample. Compared with directly installing the sample into the sample loading cavity, sample loading is more convenient, and the bolts can fix the lateral loading plate 3 to prevent the loading plate from tilting. At the same time, the base plate 1 is provided with sample positioning boundary lines for centering the sample. By turning the bolts, it is also convenient to adjust the position of the sample to achieve centering and prevent the sample from being biased.

[0029] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, in order to measure the deformation of each loading surface of the sample during loading, a first displacement sensor 6 is provided on each gauge rod 4 to measure the moving distance of the corresponding lateral loading plate 3 during loading. A second displacement sensor 8 is also installed on the base plate 1 via a support rod 7 to measure the moving distance of the top loading plate 2 during loading. The first displacement sensor 6 and the second displacement sensor 8 can accurately record the moving deformation of the sample during loading, thereby facilitating the analysis of the rock mass mechanical properties.

[0030] It is understandable that both the first displacement sensor 6 and the second displacement sensor 8 can be grating displacement sensors. To prevent the sensors from being damaged during sample compression, a first clearance through hole is provided on the rod 4 for the telescopic rod of the first displacement sensor 6 to retract, and a second clearance through hole is provided on the support rod 7 for the telescopic rod of the second displacement sensor 8 to retract. During sample compression, the telescopic rods of each grating displacement sensor can retract completely into their corresponding clearance through holes, preventing the grating displacement sensors from being damaged.

[0031] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 Specifically, the support rod 7 is L-shaped, and both the vertical section of the support rod 7 and the gauge rod 4 are vertically fixed to the base plate 1 with screws. In addition, to facilitate the installation of the loading plate, threaded holes for lifting rings are provided on both the side loading plate 3 and the top loading plate 2, allowing the loading plate to be lifted and installed.

[0032] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 It should be explained that two gauge rods 4 are installed on the outer side of each lateral loading plate 3. The two gauge rods 4 are of different lengths. Multiple adjusting bolts 5 are installed on the longer gauge rod 4. A first displacement sensor 6 is installed at the upper end of each gauge rod 4. The two first displacement sensors 6 on the two gauge rods 4 are located at the two opposite corners of the corresponding lateral loading plate 3. There are two second displacement sensors 8, which are located at the two opposite corners of the top loading plate 2.

[0033] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The specific process of loading rock samples using the aforementioned large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device is as follows:

[0034] Step 1: Hoist the base plate 1 to the support platform;

[0035] Step 2: Use a rock mass sample holder to move the rock mass sample onto the base plate 1. The position of the sample is determined by drawing the sample positioning boundary line that has been marked in advance on the base plate 1.

[0036] Step 3: Hoist each lateral loading plate 3 onto the base plate 1, move the lateral loading plate 3 and align it with the rock mass sample;

[0037] Step 4: Install gauge rods 4 and support rods 7 on each side of the base plate 1, so that the adjusting bolts pass through the gauge rods 4 and abut against the lateral loading plate 3 to prevent the lateral loading plate 3 from tipping over. By turning the adjusting bolts, the lateral loading plate 3 and the rock mass sample are moved so that the sample is adjusted to the center of the base plate 1 to prevent the sample from being biased during loading.

[0038] Step 5: Install grating displacement sensors on the gauge rod 4 and support rod 7 to monitor the displacement of the rock sample on each loading surface during the three-dimensional five-plane loading process. During installation, ensure that each grating displacement sensor has an initial deformation amount that can meet the deformation change of large-sized rock samples during the sample compression process. Then tighten the fixing bolts to fix the grating displacement sensors.

[0039] Step 6: Load the sample loading device using the loading system, and simultaneously monitor the displacement trends of 10 grating displacement sensors on 5 loading surfaces.

[0040] Unless otherwise stated, if any of the technical solutions disclosed in this invention specify a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Anyone skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is merely one among many feasible numerical values ​​that has a more obvious or representative technical effect. Because there are many numerical values, it is impossible to list them all. Therefore, this invention discloses only some numerical values ​​to illustrate the technical solutions of this invention. Furthermore, the numerical values ​​listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0041] Furthermore, if the present invention discloses or relates to mutually fixedly connected components or structural parts, then unless otherwise stated, a fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (e.g., using bolts or screws), or a non-detachable fixed connection (e.g., riveting, welding). Of course, mutually fixed connections can also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g., manufactured using a casting process) (except where it is obviously impossible to use an integral molding process).

[0042] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the terms used to indicate positional relationships or shapes in any of the technical solutions disclosed in this invention include states or shapes that are similar to, analogous to, or close to those states or shapes. Any component provided by this invention can be assembled from multiple individual components or can be a single component manufactured using a one-piece molding process.

[0043] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples to clearly illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all embodiments here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional five-surface loading sample device for large size rock mass sample, comprising a sample loading cavity, the sample loading cavity is surrounded by a bottom plate (1), a top loading plate (2) and four lateral loading plates (3), characterized in that: The base plate (1) is provided with a sample positioning boundary line for centering the sample. At least two gauge rods (4) are fixed on the outside of each side loading plate (3) on the base plate (1). Each gauge rod (4) is provided with a threaded hole. The adjusting bolt (5) is screwed into the threaded hole and abuts against the corresponding side loading plate (3). By turning the adjusting bolt, the side loading plate and the rock sample are moved to achieve centering adjustment. Each of the gauge rods (4) is also provided with a first displacement sensor (6) to measure the moving distance of the corresponding lateral loading plate (3) during the loading process, and a second displacement sensor (8) to measure the moving distance of the top loading plate (2) during the loading process is also installed on the base plate (1) via a support rod (7).

2. The large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first displacement sensor (6) and the second displacement sensor (8) are grating displacement sensors.

3. The large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The meter rod (4) is provided with a first clearance through hole for the telescopic rod of the first displacement sensor (6) to be inserted, and the support rod (7) is provided with a second clearance through hole for the telescopic rod of the second displacement sensor (8) to be inserted.

4. The large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support rod (7) is L-shaped.

5. The large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Both the lateral loading plate (3) and the top loading plate (2) are provided with threaded holes to facilitate the installation of lifting rings.

6. The large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Two gauge rods (4) are vertically mounted on the outer side of each of the lateral loading plates (3). Each gauge rod (4) has a first displacement sensor (6) mounted on its upper end. The two first displacement sensors (6) on the two gauge rods (4) are located at the two opposite corners of the corresponding lateral loading plates (3).

7. The large-size rock mass sample three-dimensional five-plane loading device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: There are two second displacement sensors (8), and the two second displacement sensors (8) are located at the two opposite corners of the top loading plate (2).

8. A method for loading large-size rock mass specimens using a three-dimensional, five-plane loading system, employing the loading device described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Hoist the base plate (1) to the support platform; Step 2: Use a rock mass sample holder to move the rock mass sample onto the base plate (1). The position of the sample is determined by drawing the sample positioning boundary line in advance on the base plate (1). Step 3: Hoist each lateral loading plate (3) onto the base plate (1), move the lateral loading plate (3) and align it with the rock mass sample; Step 4: Install gauge rods (4) and support rods (7) on each side of the base plate (1) so that the adjusting bolts pass through the gauge rods (4) and abut against the lateral loading plate (3) to prevent the lateral loading plate (3) from tilting. By turning the adjusting bolts, the lateral loading plate (3) and the rock mass sample are moved so that the sample is adjusted to the center of the base plate (1) to prevent the sample from being biased during loading. Step 5: Install displacement sensors on the rod (4) and support rod (7) to monitor the displacement of the rock sample on each loading surface during the three-dimensional five-plane loading process. During installation, ensure that each displacement sensor has an initial deformation amount that can meet the deformation change of the large-size rock sample during the sample compression process. Then tighten the fixing bolts to fix the displacement sensors. Step 6: Load the sample loading device using the loading system, and simultaneously monitor the displacement trend of each grating displacement sensor on each loading surface.

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