Wind turbine system

Abstract

This disclosure provides a wind turbine generator system, including a base, a column, a rotor assembly, a blade assembly, a stator assembly, and an energy storage component; the column is vertically mounted on the base; the rotor assembly includes multiple spaced-apart segmented rotors, with an axial clearance between adjacent segmented rotors of [value missing]. λ1 The wind turbine assembly includes at least one blade; the stator assembly includes multiple segmented stators spaced apart on the column, with an axial clearance of λ2 between adjacent segmented rotors; a coil winding connected to the energy storage component is provided on one of the stator assembly and the rotor assembly; the stator assembly and the rotor assembly are nested together, with a radial clearance δ between the segmented stators and segmented rotors in the radial direction of the column, 0 < δ ≤ λ1 ， And δ≤ λ2 ； The segmented stator and segmented rotor are radially opposite each other on the column and have magnetic attraction between them. The axial component of the magnetic attraction is balanced by the sum of the weights of the fan blades and the rotor assembly. This scheme can improve the axial magnetic levitation stiffness to reduce the possibility of system damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of wind power generation technology, and in particular to a wind turbine generator system. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional wind turbine systems, the generator and the blades are separate and connected by a coupling. This method is prone to problems such as eccentricity caused by the coupling and excessive bearing fit. Under the action of wind, this eccentricity of varying degrees is amplified by the leverage effect of the generator's axial length. Under the weight of the blades and rotor, it may seriously affect the bearing life and lead to damage to the wind turbine system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of this disclosure is to provide a wind turbine system that can use magnetic levitation to overcome the weight of rotating bodies such as blade assembly and rotor assembly, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the wind turbine system.

[0004] This disclosure provides a wind turbine generator system, wherein the system includes:

[0005] Base;

[0006] The column is vertically installed on the base;

[0007] The rotor assembly includes multiple segmented rotors, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column, and the axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors is λ1.

[0008] A fan blade assembly, the fan blade assembly comprising at least one blade;

[0009] The stator assembly includes multiple segmented stators, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column, and the axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors is λ2.

[0010] An energy storage component is used to perform at least one of the following functions: energy conversion, energy collection and storage, and energy output. One of the stator group and the rotor group is provided with a coil winding, and the energy storage component is electrically connected to the coil winding.

[0011] The stator assembly and the rotor assembly are nested together. The segmented stator and the segmented rotor have a radial gap δ in the radial direction of the column, where 0 < δ ≤ λ1 and δ ≤ λ2. At least a portion of the segmented stator and the segmented rotor are radially opposite each other on the column and have a magnetic attraction between them. The axial component of the magnetic attraction is balanced by the sum of the weights of the blade assembly and the rotor assembly. The blade assembly is used to bear the input of external wind force and transmit it to the rotor assembly, causing the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly, thereby generating an induced current in the coil winding located in the magnetic field. The induced current flows into the energy storage component.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the segmented rotor and the segmented stator have the same axial length, and the axial clearance λ2 is equal to the axial clearance λ1; the value of the axial clearance λ1 is 1 to 2 times the value of the radial clearance δ.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the system further includes: a rotor fixing member, wherein each segmented rotor is fixed on the rotor fixing member, the rotor fixing member is coaxially arranged with the column, a pair of rotating bearings are provided at both ends of the rotor fixing member, the rotor assembly is arranged between the pair of rotating bearings, and the rotating bearings are placed vertically; the axial ends of the column constrain the rotor fixing member through the rotating bearings.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the segmented stator and the segmented rotor have the same axial length, and the segmented stator and the segmented rotor are offset along the axial direction by a preset distance. The preset distance is greater than zero and less than a preset multiple of the axial clearance λ1, and the preset multiple is less than 1.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the system further includes: a rotor fixing member, wherein each segmented rotor is fixed to the rotor fixing member, wherein:

[0016] The rotor fixing component is a rotor housing, which is rotatably mounted outside the column, forming an installation space between itself and the outer wall of the column. Multiple segmented rotors and multiple segmented stators are located within this installation space. The multiple segmented rotors are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the inner wall of the rotor housing, and the multiple segmented stators are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the outer wall of the column. The blades are vertically mounted on the outer side of the rotor housing.

[0017] The column has a hollow structure, the rotor fixing component is a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the column and forms an installation space between it and the inner wall of the column, the multiple segmented rotors and multiple segmented stators are all located in the installation space, the multiple segmented rotors are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the multiple segmented stators are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the inner wall of the column, and the blades are vertically installed on the rotating shaft.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the rotor fixing member is a rotor housing:

[0019] The blade tip and the blade bottom are respectively provided with a fixing frame. The fixing frame at the blade tip is connected to the top of the rotor housing, and the fixing frame at the blade bottom is connected to the bottom of the rotor housing. There is a gap between the blade and the rotor housing.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the blades are adjustablely mounted on the rotor fixing member, and the blade assembly further includes a cut-off angle adjuster connected to the blades, wherein:

[0021] The wind-cutting angle adjuster is used to adjust the wind-cutting angle of the blades based on the working environment; and / or

[0022] The wind turbine assembly includes at least one blade layer, and the blade layer includes a plurality of blades arranged sequentially along the circumference of the column. In the blade layer, adjacent blades can be connected or staggered by the adjustment of the wind cutting angle adjuster.

[0023] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the wind turbine assembly includes at least one blade layer, the blade layer including a plurality of blades arranged sequentially along the circumference of the column.

[0024] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the blade layer is provided in multiple layers and arranged along the axial direction of the column; wherein, the blades between any two blade layers are staggered along the circumference of the column.

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the blade is a lift-type wind turbine blade, and the cross-section of the lift-type wind turbine blade is curved; and / or

[0026] The blade is either Φ-shaped or H-shaped.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the axial lengths of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator are equal, both being L, wherein λ1 = λ2 = λ, and λ is less than 5 to 10 times the axial length L of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, if the coil winding is provided in one of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator, then the other is provided with a magnet structure;

[0029] The magnetic steel structure includes multiple magnetic segments spaced apart along the circumference, and the coil winding includes an annular iron core and a winding assembly. The annular iron core has multiple winding slots spaced apart along the circumference on its annular surface facing the magnetic steel structure, and the winding assembly is loaded in the winding slots.

[0030] The magnetic segments of adjacent magnetic steel structures are staggered by 360° / (PZn) along the circumference. The number of slots per pole per phase is q=Z / (2Pm)≤1 / 2, where Z is the number of slots, P is the number of magnetic pole pairs, 2P is the number of poles, m is the number of phases, and n is the number of magnetic steel structures.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the coil winding is provided on one of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator, while the other is provided with a magnet structure. The magnet structure includes a plurality of magnetic segments spaced apart circumferentially. The coil winding includes an annular iron core and a winding assembly. The winding assembly is attached to the annular iron core facing the annular surface of the magnet structure.

[0032] Wherein, the number of slots per pole per phase q=Z / (2Pm)≤1 / 2, where Z is the number of virtual slots, P is the number of magnetic pole pairs, 2P is the number of poles, m is the number of phases, and n is the number of magnetic steel structures.

[0033] In this disclosed technical solution, multiple segmented stators and multiple segmented rotors are arranged at axial intervals along the column. The axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors is λ1, and the axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors is λ2. The segmented stators are mounted on the column, and the blades are connected to the segmented rotors. The segmented stators and segmented rotors are nested together, and the radial gap between the segmented stators and segmented rotors is δ, where 0 < δ ≤ λ1 and δ ≤ λ2. Under this condition, the axial component of the magnetic attraction between the segmented rotors and segmented stators is sufficient to overcome the sum of the weights of the blade assembly and the rotor assembly. The effect of this axial component is called the effect of axial passive magnetic levitation. The force energy index of axial passive magnetic levitation is represented by magnetic levitation stiffness: K (Nm / mm). Since this solution generates axial passive magnetic levitation, the weight of rotating bodies such as the blade assembly and rotor assembly can be ignored, so the bearing friction is very small, which can extend the bearing life and reduce the damage to the wind turbine system. In addition, since the bearing friction is very small, it is also beneficial for starting rotation and generating electricity in light winds.

[0034] Other features and advantages of this application will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this application.

[0035] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from a detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a wind turbine generator system described in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of a wind turbine generator system described in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a wind turbine system described in another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating body structure in a wind turbine generator system described in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the rotor housing and the segmented rotor as described in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the rotating shaft and the segmented rotor as described in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional fit between a segmented stator and a segmented rotor as described in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a top view of the segmented stator and segmented rotor as described in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the winding assembly in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the blades in the blade layer are in an open state in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the blades in the blade layer are in a closed state in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0049] 10. Base; 11. Column; 12. Rotor assembly; 120. Segmented rotor; 120a. Magnetic segment; 13. Fan blade assembly; 130. Blade; 14. Stator assembly; 140. Segmented stator; 140a. Annular core; 140b. Winding assembly; 1401. Winding slot; 15. Rotor fixing component; 15a. Rotor housing; 15b. Rotating shaft; 150. Mounting part; 17. Rotating bearing; 18. Fixing frame. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Although this disclosure can be readily embodied in various forms of implementation, only some specific embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail in this specification. It is also understood that this specification should be regarded as an exemplary illustration of the principles of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure to what is described herein.

[0051] Therefore, a feature described in this specification is intended to illustrate one feature of one embodiment of this disclosure, and not to imply that every embodiment of this disclosure must have the described feature. Furthermore, it should be noted that this specification describes many features. While certain features may be combined to illustrate possible system designs, these features may also be used in other combinations not explicitly described. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the described combinations are not intended to be limiting.

[0052] In the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) used to explain the structure and movement of the various elements of this disclosure are relative rather than absolute. These descriptions are appropriate when these elements are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the description of the positions of these elements changes, these directional indications also change accordingly.

[0053] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this disclosure provides a wind turbine generator system, which may include a base 10, a column 11, a rotor assembly 12, a blade assembly 13, a stator assembly 14, and an energy storage component (not shown in the figure).

[0056] The column 11 can be vertically installed on the base 10, and the axial direction Y of the column 11 is perpendicular to the base 10.

[0057] The rotor assembly 12 may include multiple segmented rotors 120, and the multiple segmented rotors 120 are arranged at axial intervals along the column 11. The axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors 120 is λ1. It should be understood that the rotor assembly 12 as a whole can rotate relative to the column 11.

[0058] The fan blade assembly 13 may include at least one blade 130, which may be connected to the segmented rotor 120. This connection may be direct or indirect, specifically through the rotor fixing member 15 mentioned later. This allows the fan blade assembly 13 and the rotor assembly 12 to be regarded as a rotating structure as a whole, which can rotate relative to the column 11. The fan blade assembly 13 is used to bear the input of external wind force and transmit it to the rotor assembly 12, so that the rotor assembly 12 rotates relative to the column 11 and rotates relative to the stator assembly 14.

[0059] The stator assembly 14 may include multiple segmented stators 140, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column 11. The axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors 120 is λ2. In other words, the stator assembly 14 can be fixed on the column 11 as a whole, and the axially adjacent segmented stators 140 in the stator assembly 14 are spaced apart. It should be understood that the base 10, the column 11, and the segmented stators 140 constitute the entire stator component of the wind turbine generator system. When the blade assembly 13 drives the rotor assembly 12 to rotate relative to the column 11, since the stator assembly 14 is fixed on the column 11, the rotor assembly 12 can be understood as rotating relative to the stator assembly 14.

[0060] The stator assembly 14 and the rotor assembly 12 are nested together. The segmented stator 140 and the segmented rotor 120 have a radial clearance δ in the radial direction X of the column 11, where 0 < δ ≤ λ1 and δ ≤ λ2.

[0061] 2; At least a portion of the segmented stator 140 and the segmented rotor 120 are opposite each other in the radial X direction of the column 11 and have magnetic attraction between them, the axial component of which is balanced by the sum of the weights of the fan blade assembly 13 and the rotor assembly 12.

[0062] The energy storage component is used to perform at least one of the following functions: energy conversion, energy collection and storage, and energy output. In other words, the energy storage component is used to convert, collect, or output energy. One of the stator group 14 and the rotor group 12 is provided with a coil winding. The energy storage component can be electrically connected to the coil winding. When the wind turbine group 13 drives the rotor group 12 to rotate relative to the stator group 14, an induced current is generated in the coil winding located in the magnetic field of the segmented stator 140 and the segmented rotor 120. The induced current flows into the energy storage component to realize wind power generation.

[0063] In this embodiment, multiple segmented stators 140 and multiple segmented rotors 120 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the column 11. The axial clearance between adjacent segmented rotors 120 is λ1, and the axial clearance between adjacent segmented rotors 120 is λ2. The segmented stators 140 are mounted on the column 11, and the blades 130 are connected to the segmented rotors 120. The segmented stators 140 and segmented rotors 120 are nested together, and the radial clearance δ between the segmented stators 140 and segmented rotors 120 is 0 < δ ≤ λ1 and δ ≤ λ2. Under these conditions, the segmented... The axial component of the magnetic attraction between the rotor 120 and the segmented stator 140 is sufficient to overcome the combined weight of the blade assembly 13 and the rotor assembly 12. The effect of this axial component is called the effect of axial passive magnetic levitation. The force energy index of axial passive magnetic levitation is represented by magnetic levitation stiffness: K (Nm / mm). Since this scheme generates axial passive magnetic levitation, the weight of rotating bodies such as the blade assembly 13 and the rotor assembly 12 can be ignored. Therefore, the bearing friction is very small, which can extend the bearing life and reduce the damage to the wind turbine system. In addition, since the bearing friction is very small, it is also beneficial for starting rotation and generating electricity in light winds.

[0064] It should be understood that the number of segments of the segmented rotor 120 in rotor group 12 is equal to the number of segments of the segmented stator 140 in stator group 14, and one segmented rotor 120 and one segmented stator 140 are nested together.

[0065] The wind turbine system may also include a rotor fixing component 15. Each segment of the rotor 120 in the rotor assembly 12 is fixed on the rotor fixing component 15. The rotor fixing component 15 can be coaxially arranged with the column 11. A pair of rotating bearings 17 are provided at both ends of the rotor fixing component 15. That is, rotating bearings 17 are provided at both ends of the rotor fixing component 15. The rotor assembly 12 is arranged between the rotating bearings 17 at both ends. The rotating bearings 17 are placed vertically. The axial ends of the column 11 constrain the rotor fixing component 15 through the rotating bearings 17. This constraint can be a radial constraint.

[0066] In this embodiment, the wind turbine system radially constrains the rotor fixing component 15 through two rotating bearings 17, and achieves axial unloading of gravity through axial passive magnetic levitation. At the same time, it supports the rotating structure formed by the rotor fixing component 15, the blade assembly 13, and the rotor assembly 12 to generate electricity. This design makes the mechanical friction of the wind turbine system very small. Compared with the traditional wind turbine system with couplings, this solution does not have the problem of excessive bearing fit caused by couplings, does not have the problem of positioning torque, and has the characteristics of low operating noise. As a result, the wind turbine system has a long service life and is suitable for low wind start-up and low wind power generation.

[0067] Specifically, this wind turbine system can be an external rotor wind turbine system, that is: the rotor fixing component 15 can be the rotor housing 15a, see reference. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the rotor housing 15a is rotatably mounted outside the column 11. It should be understood that the column 11 can be a solid column structure, but is not limited to this; it can also be a hollow column structure. The rotor housing 15a can be fixedly connected to the outer ring of the rotating bearing 17, and the column 11 can be fixedly connected to the inner ring of the rotating bearing 17. In this embodiment, an installation space can be formed between the inner wall of the rotor housing 15a and the outer wall of the column 11. The rotor assembly 12 and the stator assembly 14 are located within this installation space, i.e., multiple segmented rotors 120 and multiple segmented stator 14. All stators 140 are located within the installation space. Multiple segmented rotors 120 are spaced along the axial direction of the column 11 on the inner wall of the rotor housing 15a. Multiple segmented stators 140 are spaced along the axial direction of the column 11 on the outer wall of the column 11. The blades 130 are vertically mounted on the outer side of the rotor housing. By placing the rotor housing 15a on the outer side of the column 11, the outer diameter of the rotor housing 15a is larger. Therefore, the outer wall area of ​​the rotor housing 15a is larger, and more blades 130 can be appropriately installed, which is conducive to realizing micro-wind power generation.

[0068] Further, refer to Figure 1 As shown, a fixing frame 18 is provided at the top and bottom of the blade 130. The fixing frame 18 at the top of the blade 130 is connected to the top of the rotor housing 15a, and the fixing frame 18 at the bottom of the blade 130 is connected to the bottom of the rotor housing 15a. There is a gap between the blade 130 and the rotor housing. Compared with the solution where the blade 130 and the rotor housing are seamlessly connected, by setting a gap between the blade 130 and the rotor housing, the contact area between the blade 130 and the wind during wind power generation can be increased, thereby facilitating the realization of micro-wind power generation.

[0069] It should be understood that the structure and positional relationship between the rotor fixing component 15 and the column 11 are not limited to the aforementioned external rotor wind power generation system scheme. It can also be designed as an internal rotor wind power generation system, i.e., the column 11 has a hollow structure, and the rotor fixing component 15 is a rotating shaft 15b, such as... Figure 3As shown, the rotating shaft 15b can be a solid structure, but is not limited to this; it can also be a hollow structure. The rotating shaft 15b is rotatably mounted inside the column 11. For example, the rotating shaft 15b can be fixedly connected to the inner ring of the rotating bearing 17, and the column 11 can be fixedly connected to the outer ring of the rotating bearing 17. An installation space can be formed between the rotating shaft 15b and the inner wall of the column 11. Multiple segmented rotors 120 and multiple segmented stators 140 are all located within the installation space. The multiple segmented rotors 120 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column 11 on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 15b, and the multiple segmented stators 140 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column 11 on the inner wall of the column 11. The blades 130 are vertically mounted on the rotating shaft 15b, for example, they can be spaced apart on the outer side of the column 11 by the fixing bracket 18.

[0070] The axial lengths of the segmented rotor 120 and the segmented stator 140 can be the same, that is, the axial length of both the segmented rotor 120 and the segmented stator 140 is L, and the axial clearance λ1 of adjacent segmented rotors 120 and the axial clearance λ2 of adjacent segmented stators 140 are both equal to the axial clearance λ, that is: λ1=λ

[0071] 2 = λ, and the axial clearance λ is 1 to 2 times the radial clearance δ, i.e., λ = A × δ, where A ranges from 1 to 2. Furthermore, the axial clearance λ is less than 5 to 10 times the axial length L. With this design, the stiffness of the axial passive magnetic levitation is almost proportional to the number of segments n of the segmented rotor 120 and segmented stator 140. The maximum stiffness of the segmented axial passive magnetic levitation is approximately 0.95nK (Nm / mm), where K (Nm / mm) is the stiffness of a single segment of the axial passive magnetic levitation. Correspondingly, the effective working range of the axial passive magnetic levitation is reduced, approximately 0.95λ. The axial assembly of the wind turbine generator system disclosed in this invention needs to ensure that it operates within its effective working range.

[0072] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the segmented stator 140 and the segmented rotor 120 are offset by a preset distance β along the axial direction. This preset distance β is greater than zero and less than a preset multiple C of the axial clearance λ1. This preset multiple C is less than 1, that is, 0 < β < C × λ1. This design ensures that the axial component of the magnetic attraction between the segmented rotor 120 and the segmented stator 140 is sufficient to overcome the sum of the weights of the blade assembly 13 and the rotor assembly 12, while also ensuring that the segmented rotor 120 and the segmented stator 140 have sufficient relative area, thereby ensuring the output power of the wind turbine generator system.

[0073] It should be understood that the axial misalignment between the segmented stator 140 and the segmented rotor 120 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the rotating bearing 17, thereby adjusting the stiffness of the axial passive magnetic levitation, that is, adjusting the load-bearing capacity of the axial passive magnetic levitation. The adjustment range is approximately 0.95λ. Furthermore, when the axial misalignment between the segmented stator 140 and the segmented rotor 120 is 0.5λ, the axial passive magnetic levitation can provide the maximum load-bearing capacity. That is, 0.5λ is the optimal axial misalignment between the stator and rotor in this disclosure.

[0074] In this implementation, the principle of improving the axial passive magnetic levitation stiffness by segmenting the stator assembly 14 and the rotor assembly 12 is as follows:

[0075] The stiffness of axial passive magnetic levitation is positively correlated with the size of the electromagnetic air gap area and the rate of change after axial deviation, which can be simplified as: K=ηαBπD1L1, where B is the air gap magnetic flux density, D1 is the outer diameter of the segmented stator 140, D2 is the inner diameter of the segmented rotor 120, the electromagnetic air gap (i.e., the aforementioned radial gap) of the wind turbine generator system is δ=(D2-D1) / 2, L1 is the axial length of the stator assembly 14, and L2 is the axial length of the rotor assembly 12. (Reference...) Figure 1 As shown, L1 = L2, α is a constant of the stiffness of the axial passive magnetic levitation (related to parameters such as the shape of the magnet, the tooth structure, and the material), and η is the rate of change of the area of ​​the electromagnetic air gap after axial deviation.

[0076] For an external rotor wind power generation system, when the conditions (D2+2δ)=D1≈D2 and (L2-δ)≈L2 are met, the rate of change of the area of ​​the electromagnetic air gap after axial deviation is η=[πD1L1-αBπ(D1+2δ)(L2-δ)] / (πD1L1)≈1, and η is less than 1; while for an internal rotor wind power generation system, D1 is the inner diameter of the segmented stator 140; D2 is the outer diameter of the segmented rotor 120; when the conditions (D2+2δ)=D1≈D2 and (L2-δ)≈L2 are met, the rate of change of the area of ​​the electromagnetic air gap after axial deviation is η=[πD1L1-αBπ(D2+2δ)(L2-δ)] / (πD1L1)≈1, and η is less than 1. That is to say, the conclusions of this embodiment for external rotor wind power generation system and internal rotor wind power generation system are the same and equally applicable.

[0077] Since both the numerator and denominator of the expression for the rate of change of the electromagnetic air gap area η after axial deviation are related to the axial length L1, when the axial clearance λ1 between adjacent segmented rotors 120 and the axial clearance λ2 between adjacent segmented stators 140 are equal to or slightly greater than the electromagnetic air gap (i.e., radial clearance) δ, this disclosure satisfies that the axial clearances λ1 and λ2 are much smaller than L1 / n (i.e., the lengths of the segmented stator 140 and segmented rotor 120 after segmentation). At this time, the rate of change of the electromagnetic air gap area after axial deviation... Since the scalability η is approximately 1, when the axial clearances λ1 and λ2 of the segments are equal to or slightly greater than the electromagnetic air gap δ of the motor, the stiffness of the axial passive magnetic levitation is almost proportional to the number of segments n of the segmented rotor 120 and segmented stator 140. The maximum stiffness of the segmented axial passive magnetic levitation is approximately 0.95nK (Nm / mm), where K (Nm / mm) is the stiffness of a single segment of the axial passive magnetic levitation. Correspondingly, the effective working range of the axial passive magnetic levitation is reduced, approximately to 0.95λ. The axial assembly of the wind turbine generator system disclosed in this invention needs to ensure that it operates within its effective working range.

[0078] In this embodiment, the number of segments n of the segmented stator 140 and segmented rotor 120 can be greater than 4. When the number of segments n of the segmented stator 140 and segmented rotor 120 is greater than 4, the axial restoring force generated by the axial passive magnetic levitation stiffness is sufficient to overcome the weight of the rotating structure composed of the blade assembly 13 and rotor assembly 12 of the small wind turbine generator system. The axial misalignment offset preset distance β is less than 0.5 mm. With axial passive magnetic levitation, the weight of the rotating structure can be ignored, resulting in very low bearing friction, which is beneficial for starting rotation and generating electricity in light winds. It can be seen that the method of dividing the segmented stator 140 and segmented rotor 120 into multiple segments along the axial direction Y has a very small impact on the actual effective length of the wind turbine generator system due to the very small segment gaps.

[0079] Furthermore, the wind turbine system of this disclosure embodiment can be manufactured with varying diameters and heights to achieve different output power or output capacity. Since the rotor assembly 12 is segmented and modular, the output power or output capacity can be easily changed by adjusting the number of segments in the rotor assembly 12, facilitating the serialized production of the wind turbine system.

[0080] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the segmented rotor 120 may be provided with a magnetic steel structure, and the segmented stator 140 may be provided with coil windings. This can also be understood as the segmented rotor 120 being a magnetic steel structure and the coil windings being the segmented stator 140. This magnetic steel structure may include multiple circumferentially spaced magnetic segments 120a. Figure 1 , Figures 5 to 8As shown, the coil winding may include an annular iron core 140a and a winding assembly 140b. The annular iron core 140a has the winding assembly 140b arranged on the annular surface facing the magnet structure. By setting the segmented rotor 120 as a magnet structure and the segmented stator 140 as a coil winding, the interference of the winding assembly 140b on the rotation of the segmented rotor 120 can be reduced. However, it is not limited to this. The segmented rotor 120 may also be equipped with a coil winding and the segmented stator 140 may be equipped with a magnet structure, as long as the winding assembly 140b is properly set.

[0081] When the column 11 is placed vertically, the magnetic steel structure is segmented along the axial direction of the column 11. Therefore, each axial segment of the magnetic steel structure can itself form a magnetic field for generating electricity and rotation. Thus, each segment of the magnetic steel structure can actually be an assembly of multiple magnetic segments 120a arranged circumferentially along the column 11. The axial segmentation mentioned in this embodiment refers to the segmented arrangement along the axial direction of the column 11, and does not affect or interfere with the way in which the individual independent axial segment of the magnetic steel structure acts as a carrier for providing the magnetic field. In other words, the individual independent axial segment of the magnetic steel structure can be fixed in a conventional way.

[0082] For example, when the wind turbine system disclosed herein is the aforementioned external rotor wind turbine system, the rotor shell can be designed as a magnetically conductive thin-walled steel tube, while the segmented rotor 120 is a magnetic steel structure. Multiple magnetic steel structures are attached to the inner wall of the rotor shell. The materials of the magnetic steel structure are: neodymium iron boron, ferrite, bonded neodymium iron boron, plastic neodymium iron boron, etc. In particular, plastic neodymium iron boron can be magnetized and then bonded to the magnetically conductive thin-walled steel tube. The process is very simple and the cost is low.

[0083] Furthermore, the magnetically conductive thin-walled steel pipe can be a seamless steel pipe, a coiled pipe, etc. For ease of production and installation, and for modular production, the magnetically conductive thin-walled steel pipe can be designed in sections. The inner wall of each section of the magnetically conductive thin-walled steel pipe is lined with a multi-segmented magnetic steel structure. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the magnetic thin-walled steel pipe can be made into an "I" shape. The radial extensions at both ends of the multi-segment "I"-shaped magnetic thin-walled steel pipe can be defined as mounting parts 150. The axially adjacent segments of the "I"-shaped magnetic thin-walled steel pipe can be connected into a whole through the mounting parts 150. At the same time, this mounting part 150 can also be conveniently used to install the blades 130. In other words, the rotor housing containing multiple segments of magnetic steel structure and the blades 130 can be assembled into the rotor components of the wind turbine generator system through this mounting part 150.

[0084] Furthermore, the annular core 140a can be a slotless core, meaning that the annular surface of the annular core 140a is smoothly arranged without slots. In this case, refer to... Figure 1As shown, the winding assembly 140b can be mounted on the annular surface of the ring-shaped iron core 140a facing the magnet structure. However, it is not limited to this; the annular iron core 140a can also be a slotted iron core, that is, the annular surface of the ring-shaped iron core 140a facing the magnet structure has multiple circumferentially spaced winding slots 1401, and the winding assembly 140b is loaded in these winding slots 1401. (Refer to...) Figure 8 As shown.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the aforementioned annular iron core 140a is a slotless iron core. For example, the winding group 140b of this slotless iron core, which is mounted on the annular surface of the magnet structure, can be a three-phase winding. That is to say, the wind turbine system disclosed herein can be a three-phase wind turbine system with a slotless stator. Due to the slotless design, there is no positioning torque in principle, which is particularly beneficial for starting rotation and generating electricity in a light breeze.

[0086] In order to avoid the end overlap of the winding group 140b and to maximize the coefficient of the winding group 140b, the wind turbine generator system disclosed herein can be a fractional slot concentrated winding group 140b system with the number of slots per pole per phase q=Z / (2Pm)≤1 / 2, where Z is the number of virtual slots, 2P is the number of poles, and m is the number of phases.

[0087] For example, the number of slot poles in the wind turbine generator system of this disclosure embodiment is as follows:

[0088] The number of virtual slots Z = 9N, the number of poles 2P = 8N or the number of poles 2P = 10N, and the coefficient of the winding group 140b is 0.945;

[0089] The number of virtual slots Z = 15N, the number of poles 2P = 14N or the number of poles 2P = 16N, and the coefficient of the winding group 140b is 0.951;

[0090] The number of virtual slots Z = 21N, the number of poles 2P = 20N or the number of poles 2P = 22N, and the coefficient of winding group 140b is 0.953;

[0091] The number of virtual slots Z = 27N, the number of poles 2P = 26N or the number of poles 2P = 28N, and the coefficient of the winding group 140b is 0.954;

[0092] Where N = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ... are natural numbers greater than or equal to 2.

[0093] Figure 9 This is the development diagram of the winding assembly 140b of a wind turbine system with N=2, Z=9, N=18, 2P=8, N=16 or 2P=10, N=20.

[0094] The larger the number of virtual slots Z, the more important it is to reduce the eddy current loss of the annular core 140a. The material of the annular core 140a is: silicon steel sheet, thin iron sheet, ferrite or microcrystalline silicon, SMC composite soft magnetic material and other soft magnetic materials.

[0095] Furthermore, the three-phase output cable of the aforementioned winding assembly 140b is led out through the lead hole on the lowest side wall of the column 11 to the output interface outside the base 10 of the wind turbine system and connected to an inverter (not shown in the figure). This inverter can convert the three-phase AC power output by the wind turbine system into the required DC voltage or AC voltage value.

[0096] Furthermore, to dampen strong winds, the inverter can generate a powerful reverse torque through damping current, providing a damping speed-limiting function.

[0097] Furthermore, when the annular core 140a used in the wind turbine system of this disclosure is a slotted core, the interaction between the winding slot 1401 and the magnetic steel structure will inevitably generate a cogging positioning torque. To reduce the positioning torque, this disclosure can adopt a fractional-slot concentrated winding. In this case, after the segmented stator 140 and segmented rotor 120 are divided into n segments, that is, after the magnetic steel structure and the annular core 140a are divided into n segments, the magnetic segments 120a of adjacent magnetic steel structures can be further staggered by an angle θ along the circumference. Figure 5 As shown, θ = 360° / (PZn), where P is the number of magnetic pole pairs, Z is the number of slots, and n is the number of magnetic steel structures. That is, the positioning torque is smoothed by using equivalent oblique magnets. This method can reduce the positioning torque by 2 to 100 times, which is beneficial for the wind turbine to start in light wind.

[0098] It should be understood that, Figure 5 The black magnetic segment 120a in the middle Figure 6 The magnetic segment 120a of the mid-section line belongs to the magnetic segment 120a of one of the two adjacent segmented rotors 120. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The white magnetic segment 120a belongs to the magnetic segment 120a of another segment rotor 120 in two adjacent segment rotors 120. The angle between the black magnetic segment 120a and the white magnetic segment 120a is θ.

[0099] In another optional embodiment, the annular iron core 140a may also be a slotted iron core, that is: the annular iron core 140a has a plurality of circumferentially spaced winding slots 1401 on the annular surface facing the magnet structure, and the winding slots 1401 are loaded with winding groups 140b. The wind turbine generator system disclosed herein may be a system with a fractional number of slots per pole per phase q=Z / (2Pm)≤1 / 2 for concentrated winding groups 140b, where Z is the number of slots, 2P is the number of poles, and m is the number of phases.

[0100] For example, the number of slot poles in the wind turbine generator system of this disclosure embodiment is as follows:

[0101] The number of slots Z = 9N, the number of poles 2P = 8N or the number of poles 2P = 10N, and the winding factor is 0.945;

[0102] The number of slots Z = 15N, the number of poles 2P = 14N or the number of poles 2P = 16N, and the winding factor is 0.951;

[0103] The number of slots Z = 21N, the number of poles 2P = 20N or the number of poles 2P = 22N, and the winding factor is 0.953;

[0104] The number of slots Z = 27N, the number of poles 2P = 26N or the number of poles 2P = 28N, and the winding factor is 0.954;

[0105] Where N = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ... are natural numbers.

[0106] Furthermore, the larger the number of slots Z, the more suitable it is for constructing wind turbine systems with larger outer diameters, and the larger the power capacity of the wind turbine system. The upper limit of the power capacity of the wind turbine system disclosed in this invention can exceed megawatts. It should be understood that megawatt-level wind turbine systems have relatively large diameters, lengths, and weights. In order to improve the stiffness of the axial passive magnetic levitation and facilitate manufacturing, the number of segments in the segmented rotor 120 and segmented stator 140 along the axial Y direction can naturally be designed to be larger.

[0107] The wind turbine generator system can adopt a 36-slot, 40-pole fractional-slot concentrated winding motor. In this wind turbine generator system motor, the stator group 14 and the rotor group 12 constitute a passive axial magnetic levitation bearing. The stator group 14 and the rotor group 12 are divided into 6 segments along the axial direction. That is, the stator group 14 includes 6 segments of stator 140 arranged at intervals along the axial direction, and the rotor group 12 includes 6 segments of rotor 120 arranged at intervals along the axial direction. Each nested segment stator 140 and segment rotor 120 can generate an axial Y stiffness of 5 kg / mm. Therefore, the total axial Y stiffness of the 6 segment unit structures is 30 kg / mm. The adjacent segment rotors 120 are staggered by 0.703 degrees, which can significantly reduce the positioning torque. The positioning torque of each single segment unit structure is less than 0.017 Nm, and the power generation of each single segment unit structure is 10 kW.

[0108] For ease of manufacturing, a megawatt-class wind turbine system can be constructed from 10 independent unit structures along the Y-axis. In this case, the 10 unit structures constitute a megawatt-class wind turbine system with a total output power of 1000 kW and a total positioning torque of less than 0.17 Nm. Clearly, the segmentation method disclosed herein can significantly reduce the positioning torque. The total axial passive magnetic levitation stiffness is 300 kg / mm.

[0109] For example, the axial offset between the aforementioned segmented stator 140 and segmented rotor 120 does not exceed the radial clearance δ.

[0110] In an optional embodiment, the winding groups 140b of each segmented stator 140 can be integrally connected. This winding group 140b can cover the axial gap between adjacent segmented stator 140s. This design ensures that the actual effective length of the winding group 140b in the stator group 14 remains unchanged. Therefore, the method of dividing the stator into multiple segments disclosed herein has almost no impact or negligible impact on the output power of the wind turbine system. For large-diameter wind turbine systems, even if the rotor group 12 and the blade group 13 weigh more than several thousand kilograms, the axial offset between the segmented rotor 120 and the segmented stator 140 can still be controlled within less than 1.0 mm due to the high stiffness of the axial passive magnetic levitation.

[0111] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the blade assembly 13 may include at least one blade layer, which may include multiple blades 130 arranged sequentially along the circumference of the column 11. By setting multiple blades 130 in each layer, such as double blades 130, triple blades 130 or more blades 130, the wind-cutting area of ​​each layer can be increased, which is conducive to the start-up of a light breeze. However, it is not limited to this, at least one blade layer may also be a single blade 130.

[0112] Further, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the wind turbine assembly 13 can be equipped with multiple blade layers. The multiple blade layers are arranged along the axial direction Y of the column 11, and the wind turbine blades between any two blade layers are staggered along the circumference of the column 11. Due to the staggered angle, it is equivalent to increasing the number of blades 130 in the circumference, which can increase the circumferential wind-cutting area, which is beneficial for starting in a light breeze, and the wind resistance does not increase, thus maintaining the high efficiency performance of the wind turbine assembly 13.

[0113] In some embodiments, the blades 130 of the wind turbine assembly 13 are adjustablely mounted on the rotor fixture 15, and the wind turbine assembly 13 may also include a wind shear angle adjuster (not shown in the figure). This wind shear angle adjuster can adjust the wind shear angle of the blades 130 according to the actual situation. That is, the wind shear angle of the blades 130 is variable to adapt to different situations, thereby improving the versatility of the wind turbine generator system.

[0114] For example, the wind shear angle regulator can adjust the wind shear angle of the blade 130 based on the working environment. In other words, the wind shear angle regulator can adjust the wind shear angle of the blade 130 according to the local wind resources characteristics in order to adapt to different regions and make the wind turbine system most efficient.

[0115] Furthermore, when the blade layer includes multiple blades 130 arranged sequentially along the circumference of the column 11, adjacent blades 130 can be connected or staggered under the adjustment of the wind shear angle adjuster. For example, under normal weather conditions, the wind shear angle adjuster can adjust the staggered arrangement of each blade 130 in each blade layer, so that gaps are formed between adjacent blades 130. At this time, such as Figure 10 As shown, the blade layer is in the open state, allowing the wind power generation system to operate normally. Wind can then rotate the blades 130, generating electricity. However, in stormy or other unstable weather conditions, the wind shear angle adjuster can connect the blades 130 within each blade layer, closing the blade layer. Figure 11 As shown, this keeps the wind turbine system in a non-operational state, preventing it from generating electricity or causing it to generate very little power. This helps protect the wind turbine system from damage during storms or other unstable weather conditions.

[0116] For example, blade 130 can be a vertical blade 130, meaning that blade 130 extends entirely in a vertical direction, which can be the axial direction Y of column 11. Furthermore, blade 130 is a lift-type blade, and the cross-section of a lift-type blade is curved, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it can provide upward lift airflow during rotation, with low starting torque and high tip velocity, resulting in high power output for a given rotor weight and cost. The blades 130 are available in Φ and H shapes.

[0117] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to several typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terminology used is descriptive and exemplary, and not restrictive. Because this disclosure can be embodied in many forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, all variations and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents should be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wind turbine generator system, characterized in that, The system includes: Base; The column is vertically installed on the base; The rotor assembly includes multiple segmented rotors, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column, and the axial gap between adjacent segmented rotors is λ1. The rotor fixing component is used to fix all the segmented rotors. The fan blade assembly includes a cut-off angle adjuster and multiple blade layers arranged axially along the column. Each blade layer includes multiple blades arranged sequentially along the circumference of the column. The blades are adjustablely mounted on the rotor fixing member. The blades between any two blade layers are staggered along the circumference of the column. The cut-off angle adjuster is connected to the blades and is used to adjust the cut-off angle of the blades based on the working environment. In the blade layer, adjacent blades can be connected or staggered under the adjustment of the cut-off angle adjuster. The stator assembly includes multiple segmented stators, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column. The axial clearance between adjacent segmented rotors is λ2. The segmented stators and segmented rotors have the same axial length, and the axial clearance λ2 is equal to the axial clearance λ1. The segmented stators and segmented rotors are offset axially by a preset distance, which is greater than zero and less than a preset multiple of the axial clearance λ1, where the preset multiple is less than 1. An energy storage component is used to perform at least one of the following functions: energy conversion, energy collection and storage, and energy output. One of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator is provided with a coil winding, while the other is provided with a magnetic steel structure. The energy storage component is electrically connected to the coil winding. The stator assembly and the rotor assembly are nested together. The segmented stator and the segmented rotor have a radial gap δ in the radial direction of the column, where 0 < δ ≤ λ1 and δ ≤ λ2. The axial gap λ1 is 1 to 2 times the value of the radial gap δ. At least a portion of the segmented stator and the segmented rotor are radially opposite each other on the column and have a magnetic attraction between them. The axial component of the magnetic attraction is balanced by the sum of the weights of the fan blade assembly and the rotor assembly. The fan blade assembly is used to bear the input of external wind force and transmit it to the rotor assembly, causing the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly, thereby generating an induced current in the coil winding located in the magnetic field. The induced current flows into the energy storage component.

2. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor fixing component is coaxially arranged with the column, and a pair of rotating bearings are provided at both ends of the rotor fixing component. The rotor assembly is arranged between the pair of rotating bearings, and the rotating bearings are placed vertically. The rotor fixing component is constrained by the rotating bearings at both ends of the column in the axial direction.

3. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor fixing component is a rotor housing, which is rotatably mounted outside the column, forming an installation space between itself and the outer wall of the column. Multiple segmented rotors and multiple segmented stators are located within this installation space. The multiple segmented rotors are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the inner wall of the rotor housing, and the multiple segmented stators are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the outer wall of the column. The blades are vertically mounted on the outer side of the rotor housing. The column has a hollow structure, the rotor fixing component is a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the column and forms an installation space between it and the inner wall of the column, the multiple segmented rotors and multiple segmented stators are all located in the installation space, the multiple segmented rotors are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the multiple segmented stators are spaced apart along the axial direction of the column on the inner wall of the column, and the blades are vertically installed on the rotating shaft.

4. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Under the condition that the rotor fixing component is a rotor housing: The blade tip and the blade bottom are respectively provided with a fixing frame. The fixing frame at the blade tip is connected to the top of the rotor housing, and the fixing frame at the blade bottom is connected to the bottom of the rotor housing. There is a gap between the blade and the rotor housing.

5. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade is a lift-type wind turbine blade, and the cross-section of the lift-type wind turbine blade is curved; and / or The blade is either Φ-shaped or H-shaped.

6. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial lengths of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator are equal, both being L, where λ1=λ2=λ, and λ is less than 5 to 10 times the axial length L of the segmented rotor and the segmented stator.

7. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic steel structure includes multiple magnetic segments spaced apart along the circumference, and the coil winding includes an annular iron core and a winding assembly. The annular iron core has multiple winding slots spaced apart along the circumference on its annular surface facing the magnetic steel structure, and the winding assembly is loaded in the winding slots. The magnetic segments of adjacent magnetic steel structures are staggered by 360° / (PZn) along the circumference. The number of slots per pole per phase is q=Z / (2Pm)≤1 / 2, where Z is the number of slots, P is the number of magnetic pole pairs, 2P is the number of poles, m is the number of phases, and n is the number of magnetic steel structures.

8. The wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic steel structure includes multiple magnetic segments spaced apart circumferentially, and the coil winding includes an annular iron core and a winding assembly, with the winding assembly attached to the annular iron core facing the annular surface of the magnetic steel structure. Wherein, the number of slots per pole per phase q = Z / (2Pm) ≤ 1 / 2, where Z is the number of virtual slots, P is the number of magnetic pole pairs, 2P is the number of poles, m is the number of phases, and n is the number of magnetic steel structures.

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