Thermal test apparatus for sweat-cooled panels in high-temperature fuel conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a heat testing device for sweat cooling panels under high-temperature fuel state, and aims at solving the technical problem that the existing cold flow measurement method cannot accurately measure the permeability and compatibility of sweat cooling panels under high-temperature working conditions. Specifically, the heat testing device comprises a test shell and a heating mechanism; the test shell is internally provided with a high-temperature fuel cavity for placing the sweat cooling panel; the high-temperature fuel cavity is used for simulating the fuel flow channel of an engine combustion chamber; the bottom of the test shell is provided with multiple fuel inlets in parallel and communicated with the high-temperature fuel cavity, and is also provided with multiple fuel outlets in parallel and communicated with the high-temperature fuel cavity; the top of the test shell is provided with at least one sweat outlet communicated with the high-temperature fuel cavity; and the heating mechanism is connected with the test shell and used for heating the test shell. The heat testing device can test the permeability of fuel under high-temperature state or the permeability of sweat cooling panels under high-temperature state, and can also complete the compatibility test of high-temperature fuel, sweat cooling panels and high-temperature alloy structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to thermal testing devices, specifically to a thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions. Background Technology

[0002] In hypersonic vehicles, the high flight speeds subject the combustion chamber to the scouring of high-temperature air or exhaust gases, posing a significant challenge to the combustion chamber wall structure. For example, during operation at Mach 7, the total temperature of the incoming airflow can reach over 2100K, and the temperature of the exhaust gas inside the engine combustion chamber can reach as high as 3000K. The exhaust gas flow field inside the combustion chamber is complex, with a total heat exchange flux of approximately 3MW / ㎡, creating an extremely harsh thermal environment.

[0003] Sweating cooling and regenerative cooling are common thermal protection methods for liquid rocket engines, offering significant advantages in protecting hypersonic vehicles from the harsh thermal environments they face. As fuel flows through the cooling channels, its temperature gradually increases, reaching a maximum of 600–700°C. The high-temperature, high-pressure cracked fuel (which cracks at approximately 500°C) permeates the sweating cooling panel, forming a stable liquid / gas film on the wall. This film prevents direct erosion of the combustion chamber walls by the high-temperature gas flow, protecting them from ablation. The permeability of the sweating cooling material affects its cooling effect and engine performance. Low permeability results in a thin liquid / gas film, which quickly disappears due to the high-temperature combustion gases, leaving the combustion chamber poorly cooled. Conversely, high permeability leads to a thick liquid / gas film, with more fuel failing to burn, thus impacting engine performance. Therefore, ensuring the permeability of the sweating panel is crucial for engine performance.

[0004] Existing testing methods for sweat-cooled panels all rely on cold flow measurements, which are conducted at room temperature, assuming both fuel and structural temperatures are normal. These methods fail to measure high-temperature conditions (fuel temperatures exceeding 600°C or structures exceeding 600°C). The decomposition of fuel at high temperatures and the thermal expansion and contraction of the structure combine to create flow and heat transfer characteristics inconsistent with cold flow conditions, resulting in a discrepancy between the sweating rate and cold flow performance. Therefore, existing cold flow measurement methods cannot accurately measure the permeability of sweat-cooled panels under high-temperature conditions, nor can they accurately measure their compatibility. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions, so as to solve the technical problem that existing cold flow measurement methods cannot accurately measure the permeability and compatibility of sweating cooling panels under high-temperature conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions, characterized in that it includes a test housing and a heating mechanism.

[0007] The test housing has a high-temperature fuel chamber inside for placing a sweating cooling panel; the high-temperature fuel chamber is used to simulate the fuel flow channel in the combustion chamber of an engine; the bottom of the test housing has multiple fuel inlets connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber, and multiple fuel outlets connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber, arranged in parallel; the top of the test housing has at least one sweating outlet connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber.

[0008] The heating mechanism is connected to the test housing and is used to heat the test housing.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a fuel inlet collector and a fuel outlet collector;

[0010] The fuel inlet collector is located at the bottom of the test housing and is used to distribute fuel. The top of the fuel inlet collector is connected to each fuel inlet, and the bottom of the fuel inlet collector is provided with an inlet pipe connection port.

[0011] The fuel outlet collector is located at the bottom of the test housing and is used to collect fuel. The top of the fuel outlet collector is connected to each fuel outlet, and the bottom of the fuel outlet collector is provided with an outlet pipe connection port.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel inlet collector includes a long, narrow first arc groove and two first baffles respectively disposed at both ends of the length direction of the first arc groove; the opening of the first arc groove is connected to each fuel inlet, and the fuel inlet pipe connection port is disposed at the bottom of the first arc groove;

[0013] The fuel outlet collector includes a long, narrow second arc groove and two second baffles respectively disposed at both ends of the length direction of the second arc groove; the opening of the second arc groove is connected to each fuel outlet, and the fuel outlet pipe connection port is disposed at the bottom of the second arc groove.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes inlet pipe fittings, outlet pipe fittings, and sweat outlet pipe fittings that are equal in number and correspond one-to-one with the number of sweat outlets.

[0015] The inlet pipe joint is located at the oil inlet pipe connection port at the bottom of the first arc groove;

[0016] The outlet pipe joint is located at the oil outlet pipe connection port at the bottom of the second arc groove;

[0017] The sweating outlet connector is located at the sweating outlet on the top of the test housing.

[0018] Furthermore, the test housing includes an elongated shell body and a perspiration collection cap;

[0019] The high-temperature fuel chamber is located in the middle of the shell body;

[0020] The sweating agent collection cap is located on the top of the shell body and is mounted on the high-temperature fuel chamber;

[0021] The high-temperature fuel chamber has multiple regenerative cooling grooves along its length on the bottom inner wall, which are used to simulate some or all of the cooling grooves in the combustion chamber.

[0022] Multiple fuel inlets are arranged side-by-side along the width of the casing body; used to simulate some or all of the fuel inlets in a combustion chamber;

[0023] Multiple fuel outlets are arranged side-by-side along the width of the casing body; used to simulate some or all of the fuel outlets in a combustion chamber.

[0024] The sweating outlet is located on the sweating agent collection cap and is situated in the longitudinal direction between the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet.

[0025] Furthermore, the inner wall of the sweating agent collection cap is provided with reinforcing ribs along its length.

[0026] Furthermore, the shell body is provided with a temperature measuring port for installing a temperature measuring connector.

[0027] Furthermore, the sweating agent collection cap is provided with two sweating outlets;

[0028] The temperature measuring port is located between the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet;

[0029] The two sweating outlets are respectively located between the fuel inlet and the temperature measuring port, and between the temperature measuring port and the fuel outlet.

[0030] Furthermore, two connecting through holes are provided at each end of the shell body;

[0031] The heating mechanism is an electric heating mechanism; the positive and negative poles of the electric heating mechanism are respectively connected to the shell body through the two connecting through holes.

[0032] Furthermore, the shell body, fuel inlet manifold, inlet pipe connector, temperature measuring connector, fuel outlet manifold, and outlet pipe connector are integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

[0033] The sweating agent collection cap and sweating outlet pipe connector are integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] 1. The thermal testing device provided by the present invention can test the permeability of fuel at high temperature or the permeability of the sweating cooling panel at high temperature. It can also perform compatibility tests between high temperature fuel, sweating cooling panel and high temperature alloy structure. Its structure is simple, easy to manufacture and greatly reduces the testing cost.

[0036] 2. This invention uses a small-sized testing device to obtain the high-temperature fuel penetration rate of the sweating cooling panel under real engine thermal environment conditions.

[0037] 3. The thermal testing device of the present invention can test the permeability characteristics of different sweat-cooling panel materials.

[0038] 4. The thermal testing device of the present invention can test the state of high-temperature fuel and the permeability and compatibility of fuel in the high-temperature fuel chamber.

[0039] 5. The thermal testing device of the present invention can simulate the permeability and compatibility under the real-world sweating regeneration composite cooling scheme.

[0040] 6. The thermal testing device of the present invention can complete the compatibility test of fuel and high-temperature alloy under the target operating environment without ignition test. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the regeneration cooling tank in the shell body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the testing principle of the present invention.

[0044] Icon labels:

[0045] 1-Shell body, 2-Fuel inlet collector, 3-Inlet pipe connector, 4-Temperature measuring connector, 5-Fuel outlet collector, 6-Outlet pipe connector, 7-Sweating cooling panel, 8-Sweating agent collection cover, 9-Sweating outlet pipe connector, 10-Sweating outlet pipe connector, 11-High temperature fuel chamber, 12-Sweating outlet, 13-First arc groove, 14-First baffle, 15-Second arc groove, 16-Second baffle, 17-Regenerative cooling tank, 18-Reinforcing rib, 19-Temperature measuring port, 20-Connecting through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] This invention provides a thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a test housing, a fuel inlet collector 2, a fuel outlet collector 5, and a heating mechanism.

[0048] The test housing is a simulation component of a regenerative cooling scheme. Inside the test housing is a high-temperature fuel chamber 11 for housing the sweating cooling panel 7. The high-temperature fuel chamber 11 simulates the fuel flow channel within an engine combustion chamber. Specifically, the test housing includes a long, narrow shell body 1 and a sweating agent collection cover 8. The high-temperature fuel chamber 11 is located in the middle of the shell body 1. The sweating agent collection cover 8 is located at the top of the shell body 1 and is mounted on the high-temperature fuel chamber 11. The sweating agent collection cover 8 is preferably welded to the shell body 1. Multiple regenerative cooling grooves 17 are provided along the length of the bottom inner wall of the high-temperature fuel chamber 11 to simulate some or all of the cooling grooves in the combustion chamber. The regenerative cooling grooves 17 can be partially cut according to the actual combustion chamber cooling groove form, or partially cut according to a ratio. The groove width, rib width, groove height, and flow arrangement (counter-current, co-current, back-and-forth, compound flow) can all be changed to adapt to different engine combustion chambers, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown. The bottom of the test housing has multiple fuel inlets connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber 11, and multiple fuel outlets connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber, arranged side-by-side. The multiple fuel inlets are arranged side-by-side along the width of the housing body 1, simulating some or all of the fuel inlets in the combustion chamber. The multiple fuel outlets are also arranged side-by-side along the width of the housing body 1, simulating some or all of the fuel outlets in the combustion chamber. The housing body 1 also has a temperature measuring port 19 for installing a temperature measuring connector 4, located between the fuel inlets and fuel outlets. An insertion thermocouple can be installed through the temperature measuring connector 4, allowing the fuel / structure temperature in the central area of ​​the test device to be tested. The design dimensions of the temperature measuring connector 4 are related to the insertion thermocouple to be used and the test object. The sweating agent collection cap 8 is provided with two sweating outlets 12. The two sweating outlets 12 are respectively located between the fuel inlet and the temperature measuring port 19 and between the temperature measuring port 19 and the fuel outlet. The two sweating outlets 12 are respectively provided with sweating outlet pipe connectors 9 and 10. The sweating outlet pipe connectors 9 and 10 can be welded to the two sweating outlets 12 respectively. The rear end of the sweating outlet pipe connectors 9 and 10 can be connected to a flow meter to measure the amount of sweating and cooling, thereby calculating the permeability of the sweating panel.

[0049] The perspiration collector cover 8 is a cavity plate forming a closed-loop fuel circuit for perspiration cooling. The amount of fuel flowing into the perspiration collector cover 8 is the same as the amount of fuel that passes through the perspiration cooling panel 7. The size of the perspiration collector cover 8 is larger than the size of the perspiration cooling panel 7. Reinforcing ribs 18 are provided along the length of the inner wall of the perspiration collector cover 8. These ribs serve two purposes: supporting the perspiration cooling panel 7 to prevent it from shaking, and reinforcing the strength of the perspiration collector cover 8. The reinforcing ribs 18 can be straight ribs or other types of ribs. Two connecting through holes 20 are provided at each end of the shell body 1. The shell body 1 and the perspiration collector cover 8 are manufactured by machining, chemical etching, or 3D printing.

[0050] The fuel inlet collector 2 is welded to the bottom of the test housing. The fuel inlet collector 2 includes a long, narrow first arc groove 13 and two first baffles 14 respectively located at both ends of the first arc groove 13 along its length. The opening of the first arc groove 13 communicates with each fuel inlet, and the bottom of the first arc groove 13 has an inlet pipe connection port. The inlet pipe connector 3 can be fixed to the bottom of the first arc groove 13 by welding. The fuel inlet collector 2 is the inlet collector for fuel entering the high-temperature fuel chamber 11 from the pipeline. It can collect and redistribute the fuel. The fuel inlet collector 2 can be composed of a semi-circular pipe and two end caps. The size of the semi-circular pipe can be enlarged or reduced according to the amount of fuel used, thus reducing the manufacturing complexity of the fuel inlet collector 2. Additionally, a flow meter is installed here to count the total flow rate of fuel entering the test device. An inlet pipe connector 3 is provided at the inlet pipe connection port. The inlet pipe connector 3 is generally a standard welded straight connector, which can be selected according to the total amount of fuel being tested.

[0051] The fuel outlet collector 5 is the collector for fuel flowing out of the regeneration cooling tank 17 and exiting the heat testing device. Similar to the fuel inlet collector 2, it can use the same structure, or its form or size can be changed depending on the situation. Specifically, the fuel outlet collector 5 is welded to the bottom of the test housing and is used to collect fuel. The fuel outlet collector 5 includes a long, narrow second arc groove 15 and two second baffles 16 respectively located at both ends of the length of the second arc groove 15. The opening of the second arc groove 15 communicates with each fuel outlet, and the bottom of the second arc groove 15 is provided with an oil outlet pipe connection port. An outlet pipe connector 6 is provided at the oil outlet pipe connection port, where a flow meter can be installed to count the total flow rate of fuel flowing through the regeneration cooling tank 17. The outlet pipe connector 6 can be fixed to the bottom of the second arc groove 15 by welding.

[0052] The fuel inlet collector 2 and the fuel outlet collector 5 can also be integrally formed using 3D printing technology. Additionally, the shell body 1, fuel inlet collector 2, inlet pipe connector 3, temperature measuring connector 4, fuel outlet collector 5, and outlet pipe connector 6 can also be integrally formed using 3D printing technology. The sweating agent collection cap 8, sweating outlet pipe connector 9, and sweating outlet pipe connector 10 can also be integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

[0053] It is worth mentioning that the sweating cooling panel 7 simulates the structure of the regenerative cooling inner wall. Its material is a sweating cooling material with a certain permeability, enabling it to be used under high temperature and pressure, and it also has a certain degree of compatibility with high-temperature fuel. The sweating cooling panel 7 can be made of GH3128 wire mesh woven sweating material. The sweating cooling panel 7 can be brazed into the high-temperature fuel chamber 11 of the shell body 1, specifically, it can be brazed into the top of the regenerative cooling tank 17.

[0054] The heating mechanism is an electric heating mechanism; the positive and negative poles of the electric heating mechanism are connected to the shell body 1 through two connecting through holes 20, respectively, for heating the test shell.

[0055] This invention simulates the high-temperature state of fuel and structure in a hypersonic vehicle using electric heating. It employs a combustion chamber channel structure with a regenerative cooling groove (the channel design can be based on the actual dimensions of a real engine's regenerative cooling groove, or a portion of a real engine's combustion chamber cooling groove structure can be used proportionally) and a sweating cooling panel to be tested (any sweating cooling panel material intended for sweating-regenerative composite cooling is acceptable, such as GH3128 or GH3130 wire mesh woven sweating cooling panels, etc.), together forming the flow channel for the high-temperature fuel. During the experiment, the amount of sweating under the actual operating pressure and temperature is measured, the compatibility between the fuel and the sweating cooling panel is assessed, and the temperature of the high-temperature fuel chamber wall is measured.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the working principle of the thermal testing device for the sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions is as follows: Room-temperature fuel enters the high-temperature fuel chamber 11 after passing through the fuel inlet collector 2 via the inlet pipe connector 3. A portion flows along the regeneration cooling tank 17 and then exits through the fuel outlet collector 5 and outlet pipe connector 6. The other portion permeates through the sweating holes on the sweating cooling panel 7 into the sweating agent collection cover 8, and then flows out through two sweating outlets 12, and then through sweating outlet pipe connectors 9 and 10 respectively. By testing the pressure and flow rate of these two paths, or by calculating the pressure difference between the two paths and the upstream, the flow distribution can be determined. Thus, the permeability of the sweating panel can be obtained.

[0057] During the test, the inlet pressure p0 at inlet pipe joint 3, the outlet pressure p1 at sweating outlet pipe joint 9 or sweating outlet pipe joint 10, and the outlet pressure p2 at outlet pipe joint 6 were tested, and then calculations were performed. The calculation process for the medium flow rate through the sweating cooling panel 7 is as follows:

[0058] 1) Flow rate through sweat outlet 12:

[0059] 2) Flow rate through regeneration cooling tank 17:

[0060] Where A1 and A2 are the equivalent flow coefficients of the sweating cooling panel 7 and the regeneration cooling tank 17, respectively, and ρ0 is the fuel density. Comparing the above two equations, we can obtain:

[0061]

[0062] Therefore, the fuel permeability q in the sweat-generating cooling panel 7 can be calculated. m1 / q m2 After this test is completed, an airtightness check can be performed, and a partial section can be cut open to observe coking and carbon deposits and to test the metallographic structure of the material. The structural changes of the testing device can be analyzed, and the compatibility between high-temperature fuel and the sweating cooling panel 7 can be analyzed.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions, characterized in that: It includes a test housing and a heating mechanism, as well as a fuel inlet collector (2) and a fuel outlet collector (5); The test housing has a high-temperature fuel chamber (11) inside for placing the sweating cooling panel (7); the high-temperature fuel chamber (11) is used to simulate the fuel flow channel in the combustion chamber of an engine; the bottom of the test housing has multiple fuel inlets connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber (11) in parallel, and multiple fuel outlets connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber in parallel; the top of the test housing has at least one sweating outlet (12) connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber. The test housing includes a long strip-shaped housing body (1) and a sweating agent collection cap (8). The high-temperature fuel chamber (11) is located in the middle of the shell body (1); The sweating agent collection cap (8) is located on the top of the shell body (1) and is mounted on the high-temperature fuel chamber (11); the bottom inner wall of the high-temperature fuel chamber (11) is provided with a plurality of regeneration cooling grooves (17) along its length direction to simulate part or all of the cooling grooves in the combustion chamber; a plurality of fuel inlets are arranged side by side along the width direction of the shell body (1) to simulate part or all of the fuel inlets in the combustion chamber; a plurality of fuel outlets are arranged side by side along the width direction of the shell body (1) to simulate part or all of the fuel outlets in the combustion chamber; the sweating outlet (12) is located on the sweating agent collection cap (8) and is located between the fuel inlets and fuel outlets in the length direction; The heating mechanism is connected to the test housing and is used to heat the test housing; The fuel inlet collector (2) is located at the bottom of the test housing and is used to distribute fuel. The top of the fuel inlet collector (2) is connected to each fuel inlet, and the bottom of the fuel inlet collector (2) is provided with an inlet pipe connection port. The fuel outlet collector (5) is located at the bottom of the test housing and is used to collect fuel. The top of the fuel outlet collector (5) is connected to each fuel outlet, and the bottom of the fuel outlet collector (5) is provided with an oil outlet pipe connection port.

2. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel inlet collector (2) includes a long, narrow first arc groove (13) and two first baffles (14) respectively disposed at both ends of the first arc groove (13) along its length. The opening of the first arc groove (13) is connected to each fuel inlet, and the fuel inlet pipe connection port is disposed at the bottom of the first arc groove (13). The fuel outlet collector (5) includes a long strip-shaped second arc groove (15) and two second baffles (16) respectively disposed at both ends of the length direction of the second arc groove (15); the opening of the second arc groove (15) is connected to each fuel outlet, and the oil outlet pipe connection port is disposed at the bottom of the second arc groove (15).

3. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes inlet pipe fittings (3), outlet pipe fittings (6), and sweat outlet pipe fittings (9) that are equal in number and correspond one-to-one with the sweat outlets (12). The inlet pipe joint (3) is located at the oil inlet pipe connection port at the bottom of the first arc groove (13); The outlet pipe connector (6) is located at the oil outlet pipe connection port at the bottom of the second arc groove (15); The sweating outlet connector (9) is correspondingly located at the sweating outlet (12) on the top of the test housing.

4. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the sweating agent collection cap (8) is provided with reinforcing ribs (18) along its length.

5. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shell body (1) is provided with a temperature measuring port (19) for installing a temperature measuring connector (4).

6. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sweating agent collection cap (8) is provided with two sweating outlets (12); The temperature measuring port (19) is located between the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet; The two sweating outlets (12) are respectively located between the fuel inlet and the temperature measuring port (19) and between the temperature measuring port (19) and the fuel outlet.

7. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shell body (1) has two connecting through holes (20) at both ends respectively; The heating mechanism is an electric heating mechanism; the positive and negative poles of the electric heating mechanism are connected to the shell body (1) through the two connecting through holes (20) respectively.

8. The thermal testing device for a sweating cooling panel under high-temperature fuel conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shell body (1), fuel inlet collector (2), inlet pipe connector (3), temperature measuring connector (4), fuel outlet collector (5) and outlet pipe connector (6) are integrally formed using 3D printing technology. The sweating agent collection cap (8) and the sweating outlet pipe connector (9) are integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

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