Stacked vibration isolator

Abstract

The application provides a superimposed vibration isolator, which comprises a pre-buried outer sleeve, a locking gasket, an adjusting gasket and an elastic element, wherein the elastic element comprises a supporting cylinder, a supporting base, a plurality of superimposed rubber springs, a spring connecting assembly and a spring limiting assembly; the plurality of rubber springs are connected through the spring connecting assembly, and the two ends are respectively limited and fixed in the lower part of the supporting cylinder and the supporting base through the spring limiting assembly, thereby forming an overall elastic element; since the elastic element contains a plurality of vertically superimposed rubber springs, the adjustable range of the rigidity of the elastic element is large, the adjustable range of the overall height of the vibration isolator is large, and the vibration isolator can be well applied to various different working conditions. In addition, the elastic element can be pre-assembled, the assembly is simple and convenient, and during track construction, the elastic element only needs to be installed as an overall element, so that the construction time is reduced and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of track vibration reduction and noise reduction technology, specifically relating to a superimposed vibration isolator. Background Technology

[0002] When trains run on tracks, the impact energy they generate causes severe vibrations and noise, significantly impacting the passenger experience and the quality of life for residents in the surrounding area. Simultaneously, the stability, safety, and lifespan of the rail transit system itself are also affected. Therefore, technologies and products that effectively reduce vibration and noise are essential to improve structural stability and ensure the safe operation of rail lines.

[0003] In existing technologies, some track beds use vibration damping pads or multiple steel springs. While these methods achieve a certain level of vibration reduction and noise reduction, they still present several problems, including complex procedures, long construction times, and difficulties in installing drainage systems for fully laid vibration damping pads. Therefore, to address these issues, some track beds have begun to adopt a combination of floating slabs and rubber spring vibration isolators. Rubber springs possess characteristics such as corrosion resistance, high toughness and strength, good elasticity, effective vibration damping, and good fatigue and durability properties, resulting in a track structure that represents a medium-level vibration reduction method.

[0004] However, existing rubber spring vibration isolators are relatively limited in variety. Considering installation dimensions, vibration damping stiffness requirements, and the inherent properties of rubber, the external dimensions and structure of rubber spring vibration isolators are subject to significant limitations, preventing large-scale modifications and resulting in a narrow range of applications that cannot effectively adapt to diverse working conditions. While the core rubber spring can have its stiffness adjusted by modifying the material formula, this method offers only a limited range of adjustable stiffness and requires multiple formulation tests, making it time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Therefore, improving the dimensional and stiffness redundancy of rubber spring vibration isolators to make them suitable for a wider range of working conditions is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the aforementioned problems and aims to provide a superimposed vibration isolator with multiple redundancies, wider adaptability in size and stiffness, and applicability to a wider range of working conditions, as well as a track slab and straight track bed using this vibration isolator. The invention employs the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a superimposed vibration isolator installed in a track bed slab. It is characterized by comprising: an outer sleeve extending through its length and fixedly embedded in the track bed slab; an elastic element disposed below the outer sleeve; a height adjustment shim disposed above the elastic element; and a locking shim embedded in the outer sleeve and fixed together with the height adjustment shim and the elastic element via a connector. The elastic element comprises: a support cylinder; a support base; at least two rubber springs disposed within the encasing structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, and vertically superimposed; and several spring connecting assemblies disposed between adjacent rubber springs to connect multiple rubber springs into a single unit. The inner wall of the outer sleeve has n radially protruding inner protrusions, n≥2. The upper ends of the height adjustment shim, the locking shim, and the support cylinder each have n protrusions, and their outer contour shapes match the inner wall shape of the outer sleeve at the inner protrusions.

[0007] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the spring connection assembly includes: a spring connector having a pair of oppositely arranged fitting grooves, the shape of the fitting grooves matching the ends of the rubber springs; and a plurality of connector fixing pieces mounted on the spring connector, the ends of which extend toward the fitting grooves, the opposite ends of the two rubber springs respectively fitting into the pair of fitting grooves and being held in place by the ends of the extending connector fixing pieces.

[0008] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: both ends of the rubber spring are circular plates with a radially recessed center; the spring connector includes: a peripheral portion in the shape of an annulus; and a disc formed within the annulus of the peripheral portion, thereby forming a pair of fitting grooves on both sides of the disc; a plurality of fixing plate mounting grooves are provided on the peripheral portion, evenly distributed along the circumference of the peripheral portion; and the connector fixing plates are fitted and fixed in the fixing plate mounting grooves.

[0009] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the inner wall of the support base has a ring of limiting member mounting groove, and the elastic element further includes a spring limiting assembly, which includes: a top limiting member for engaging and fixing the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support cylinder; and a bottom limiting member, which is embedded in the limiting member mounting groove and protrudes outward for engaging and fixing the lower end of the lowermost rubber spring in the support base.

[0010] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the top limiting member is an arc-shaped metal part with an L-shaped cross section, and there are at least two of them; the bottom limiting member is a snap ring.

[0011] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the support cylinder is provided with a plurality of pin holes, and the spring limiting assembly further includes a plurality of limiting pins, which are respectively fitted into the pin holes to press the top limiting member toward the upper end of the rubber spring.

[0012] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: a support plate is provided in the middle of the inner part of the support cylinder; a positioning post mounting hole is opened in the middle of the support plate; a positioning post mounting groove is opened in the middle of the spring connector; one end of the rubber spring has a positioning post recess; the spring limiting assembly further includes multiple positioning posts for lateral limiting of the rubber spring; one positioning post passes through the positioning post mounting hole of the support plate and the positioning post recess of the uppermost rubber spring; the remaining positioning posts pass through the positioning post mounting groove of the spring connector and the positioning post recesses of the other rubber springs.

[0013] The superimposed vibration isolator provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature: the thickness of the height adjustment shims is 2mm to 10mm, and the quantity is one or more.

[0014] Invention Function and Effect

[0015] The superimposed vibration isolator according to the present invention employs multiple rubber springs, which are connected by a spring connecting assembly. Both ends are respectively limited and fixed within the lower part of the support cylinder and the support base by spring limiting assemblies, forming an integral elastic element. Because this elastic element contains multiple vertically superimposed rubber springs, its stiffness and the overall height of the vibration isolator have a large adjustable range, making it well-suited for various working conditions. Furthermore, the elastic element can be pre-assembled, making assembly simple and convenient. During track construction, the elastic element only needs to be installed as a single unit, thus reducing construction time and improving construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the straight track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the straight track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention at the location of the vibration isolator;

[0018] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the superimposed vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the locking washer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a frontal projection of the locking washer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the height adjustment shim in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a frontal projection of the height adjustment shim in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the elastic element in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support cylinder in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the support cylinder in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support base in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring connector in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 15 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of the inner part of frame A;

[0031] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top limiting member in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the installation of the elastic element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the straight track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention at the position of the limiting boss;

[0035] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of the installation of a superimposed vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 21 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment tool in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure label:

[0039] Straight track bed 100; track bed slab 110; slab body 111; sleeper 112; superimposed vibration isolator 150; outer sleeve 151; inner protrusion 1511; lifting step 1512; supporting step 1513; fixing pin 1514; flange 1515; locking washer 152; locking piece protrusion 1521; first clearance hole 1522; first mounting groove 1523; height adjustment shim 153; height adjustment piece protrusion 1531; second clearance hole 1532; second mounting groove 1533; elastic element 154; support cylinder 1541; plate-shaped top 15411; top clearance groove 15411a; top mounting hole 15411b; first cylindrical part 15412; internal support plate 15413; positioning post mounting groove 15413a; the first Two cylindrical sections 15414; pin hole 15414a; support base 1542; rubber spring 1543; positioning post groove 15431; limit member mounting groove 15421; clearance groove 15422; rubber spring 1543; spring connecting assembly 1544; spring connector 15441; peripheral section 54411; fixing plate mounting groove 54411a; fixing member mounting hole 54411b; disc 54412; positioning post mounting hole 54412a; fitting groove 54413; connector fixing plate 15442; fixing member 15443; spring limiting assembly 1545; top limiting member 15451; bottom limiting member 15452; limiting pin 15453; positioning post 15454; base 200; limiting boss 400. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following describes the superimposed vibration isolator, track bed slab and straight track bed of the present invention in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0041] <Example 1>

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the straight track bed in this embodiment.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the straight track bed at the location of the vibration isolator in this embodiment. Figure 2 This diagram is only intended to illustrate the location and distribution of vibration isolators in the track slab. The vibration isolators shown are simplified schematic diagrams and do not represent their actual structure.

[0044] like Figure 1-2As shown, the straight track bed 100 is composed of multiple track bed slabs 110 connected end to end. The track bed slab 110 is set on the base 200 and includes a slab body 111 and a plurality of stacked vibration isolators 150. The slab body 111 is a precast concrete slab, and the stacked vibration isolators 150 are embedded in the slab body 111 in pairs, with the two stacked vibration isolators 150 in a pair located near the two rails.

[0045] In this embodiment, the track bed slab 110 has dimensions of 4690mm × 3000mm × 411mm (length × width × thickness). Eight pairs of sleepers 112 are evenly spaced along the length of the track bed slab 110, with a spacing of 595mm between adjacent pairs of sleepers 112. In this embodiment, the sleepers 112 are short concrete sleepers, and straight steel rails are placed on the sleepers 112.

[0046] A single track bed slab 110 contains 3 to 5 pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150. Since the track bed slab 110 can be installed at different sections of the track with varying conditions, the number and distribution of the stacked vibration isolators 150 can be determined based on the actual conditions of each section and the corresponding vibration reduction requirements. For example, with 3 pairs installed at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 is 1785 mm.

[0047] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the superimposed vibration isolator in this embodiment.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the superimposed vibration isolator 150 includes an outer sleeve 151, a locking shim 152, a height adjustment shim 153, and an elastic element 154.

[0049] The outer sleeve 151 is made of metal and has a through-type cylindrical structure. Its overall height (i.e., the length of the outer sleeve 151) is the same as the thickness of the plate 111, so its two end openings protrude from both sides of the plate 111. The inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has two sets of internal protrusions 1511, each set containing three protrusions. The three protrusions in each set are distributed at the same height inside the cylinder and are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 151. The two sets of internal protrusions 1511 are aligned vertically. That is, two stepped structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151, with the upper one being the lifting step 1512 and the lower one being the supporting step 1513.

[0050] In addition, the outer sleeve 151 is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the concrete slab 111 during the casting process. For this purpose, two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are also provided on the outside of the outer sleeve 151. The two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are located at different heights on the outer sleeve 151 and extend in a mutually perpendicular direction, i.e., arranged in a cross shape, for binding and fixing in the reinforced concrete slab. The lower end of the outer sleeve 151 has a flange 1515 that protrudes outward, forming a skirt structure, which is used to increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the pre-embedded outer sleeve.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the locking gasket in this embodiment.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a frontal projection of the locking gasket in this embodiment.

[0053] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the locking washer 152 is used to lock the height adjustment washer 153 and the elastic element 154 inside the outer sleeve 151. The locking washer 152 is a sheet-like piece of metal with three arc-shaped protrusions 1521, so that the shape of the locking washer 152 matches the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 at the lifting step 1512. Specifically, the shape of the locking washer 152 is basically consistent with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 at the lifting step 1512, and its size is slightly smaller than the inner wall at this location. A first clearance hole 1522 is provided in the middle of the locking washer 152 for the corresponding installation tool to be inserted when installing the vibration isolator. The locking washer 152 also has three radially extending first mounting grooves 1523, all of which communicate with the first clearance hole 1522 in the middle for installing connecting parts. The extending directions of the locking tab protrusion 1521 and the first mounting groove 1523 are offset, and the extension line of the first mounting groove 1523 is located between the two locking tab protrusions 1521. The thickness of the locking washer 152 is 10mm.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the height adjustment pad in this embodiment.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a frontal projection of the height adjustment shim in this embodiment.

[0056] like Figure 6-7 As shown, the height adjustment shim 153 is used to adjust the installation height of the elastic element 154, so that the height of each part of the track bed slab 110 surface conforms to the design data. The outer contour shape of the height adjustment shim 153 is consistent with that of the locking shim 152, and it has three height adjustment protrusions 1531, which will not be described in detail. The height adjustment shim 153 has a circular second clearance hole 1532 in the middle, and has three radially extending second mounting grooves 1533 that communicate with the second clearance hole 1532. The height adjustment protrusions 1531 extend in the direction of the second mounting grooves 1533.

[0057] Depending on the actual required installation height, one or more stacked height adjustment shims 153 can be used, each height adjustment shim 153 having a thickness of 2mm to 10mm.

[0058] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0059] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0060] like Figure 8-9 As shown, the elastic element 154 includes a support cylinder 1541, a support base 1542, two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, a spring connecting assembly 1544, and a spring limiting assembly 1545. The support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 are supported by the vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, respectively. The spring connecting assembly 1544 is used to connect the two rubber springs 1543 into a whole, and the spring limiting assembly 1545 is used to fix the two ends of the whole formed by the two rubber springs 153 into the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542, respectively.

[0061] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support cylinder in this embodiment.

[0062] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the support cylinder in this embodiment.

[0063] like Figure 10-11 As shown, the support cylinder 1541 is made of metal and is used to provide support for the upper end of the stacked rubber springs 153. The support cylinder 1541 has a semi-enclosed structure, including a plate-shaped top 15411, a first cylindrical portion 15412, an internal support plate 15413, and a second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0064] The outer contour of the plate-shaped top 15411 is the same as that of the height adjustment shim 153, but it is thicker than the height adjustment shim 153. A circular top clearance groove 15411a is provided in the middle of the plate-shaped top 15411 to make way for the installation tool during installation. Three top mounting holes 15411b are distributed around the top clearance groove 15411a, and their positions correspond to the ends of the three first mounting grooves 1523 of the height adjustment shim 153, which are also used to allow the installation tool to be inserted during installation.

[0065] like Figure 3As shown, since the three top mounting holes 15411b on the top of the support cylinder 1541, the three first mounting grooves 1523 on the locking washer 152, and the three second mounting grooves 1533 on the height adjustment washer 153 are all distributed in the same way, these mounting holes and grooves can form three vertically penetrating mounting holes for connectors during installation, thereby enabling the installation of connectors to fasten the three together. In this embodiment, the connectors are bolts and nuts.

[0066] Both the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 are circular and have the same diameter. The difference lies in that the length of the first cylindrical portion 15412 is fixed, while the length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 can be adjusted according to the size and number of rubber springs 1543. The length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 should ensure that the second cylindrical portion 15414 and the support base 1542 are still engaged when all rubber springs 1543 are not under stress (when the overall height of the multiple rubber springs 1543 is at its maximum). Furthermore, multiple pin holes 15414a are provided above the second cylindrical portion 15414 for mounting corresponding components in the spring limiting assembly 1545. In this embodiment, there are four pin holes 15414a, evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0067] The internal support plate 15413 is a circular metal plate welded between the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414, and its diameter is the same as that of the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414. The internal support plate 15413 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 form a downward circular opening for mounting the rubber spring 1543.

[0068] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support base in this embodiment.

[0069] like Figure 12 As shown, the support base 1542 is used to support and limit the lower end of the superimposed rubber spring 153. The support base 1542 is also made of metal, is in the shape of a circular cap, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 15414, so it can be slidably fitted into the second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0070] The inner wall of the support base 1542 has a ring of limiting member mounting groove 15421 and a square clearance groove 15422. The limiting member mounting groove 15421 is used to install the corresponding component in the spring limiting assembly 1545, and the square clearance groove 15422 is used to make way for the corresponding structure in the spring limiting assembly 1545. The structure of the spring limiting assembly 1545 will be explained in more detail below.

[0071] like Figure 8-9As shown, the two rubber springs 1543 have identical structures, both made of vulcanized rubber, and have circular plate-shaped upper and lower ends. Circular metal plates are wrapped around both the upper and lower ends to ensure that the force borne by the two ends is more evenly transmitted to the middle. The middle of the rubber spring 1543 is formed between the upper and lower ends and tapers radially inward. Viewed from the side, the two sides of the rubber spring 1543 are inwardly curved arcs. Furthermore, the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 has a circular positioning post groove 15431 for mounting a positioning post.

[0072] The rubber spring 1543 is available in various stiffness specifications. During production, the stiffness of the rubber spring 1543 can be adjusted by modifying the rubber composition and production parameters. In this embodiment, the rubber spring 1543 located in the middle of the plate 111 has a relatively lower stiffness, while the rubber springs 1543 located on both sides of the plate 111 along its length have relatively higher stiffness. Due to the presence of cross-sections on both sides of the plate 111, relatively larger vibrations will occur during train operation. Therefore, this arrangement allows for a more uniform overall vibration damping effect of the plate 111.

[0073] Two rubber springs 1543 are stacked vertically and connected into a whole by spring connecting assembly 1544. The whole formed by the two rubber springs 1543 is set inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of support cylinder 1541 and support base 1542.

[0074] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring connector in this embodiment.

[0075] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in this embodiment.

[0076] Figure 15 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of the inner part of frame A.

[0077] like Figure 13-15 As shown, the spring connection assembly 1544 includes a spring connector 15441, a plurality of connector fixing pieces 15442, and a plurality of fixing pieces 15443.

[0078] The spring connector 15441 is a one-piece molded metal part, having an annular peripheral portion 54411 and a circular disc 54412 formed within the peripheral portion 54411. The two sides of the peripheral portion 54411 extend vertically from the two sides of the disc 54412, and the inner diameter of the peripheral portion 54411 matches the diameter of the rubber spring 1543. The cross-section of the spring connector 15441 is H-shaped. Therefore, on both sides of the disc 54412, the peripheral portion 54411 and the disc 54412 form a pair of circular fitting grooves 54413 for embedding the ends of the rubber spring 1543. The pair of fitting grooves 54413 are arranged opposite to each other, with their openings facing both sides.

[0079] The peripheral portion 54411 has four square mounting slots 54411a for fixing pieces. The bottom of each mounting slot 54411a has a mounting hole 54411b for fasteners, used to fit and install the connector fixing piece 15442 and to provide the fastener 15443. The four mounting slots 54411a are evenly distributed along the circumference. Furthermore, a circular positioning post mounting hole 54412a is located in the center of the disc body 54412 for installing a positioning post.

[0080] The connector fixing piece 15442 is a "U"-shaped metal part with a through-hole in the middle. The connector fixing piece 15442 is fitted into the fixing piece mounting groove 54411a and fixed by the fixing piece 15443, which is a screw in this embodiment. The two ends of the connector fixing piece 15442 extend toward the two fitting grooves 54413 respectively, forming a hook-shaped structure.

[0081] like Figure 9 As shown, the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 above the spring connector 15441, and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 below the spring connector 15441. They are fixed by four connecting fixing pieces 15442 and four fixing pieces 15443. The connecting fixing pieces 15442 and the spring connector 15441 form a hook-like structure that catches the end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby connecting the two stacked rubber springs 1543 into a single elastic structure.

[0082] After being connected as one unit, the two ends of the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limiting assembly 1545.

[0083] like Figure 8 As shown, the spring limiting assembly 1545 includes a pair of top limiting members 15451, a bottom limiting member 15452, multiple limiting pins 15453, and multiple positioning posts 15454. The number of positioning posts 15454 is set according to the number of rubber springs 1543, and there are two in this embodiment.

[0084] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top limiting member in this embodiment.

[0085] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in this embodiment.

[0086] like Figure 16-17 As shown, the top limiting member 15451 is used to fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring 1543 inside the support cylinder 1541. The top limiting member 15451 is an arc-shaped metal part with an L-shaped cross section. Therefore, after installation, it can not only horizontally lock the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, but also fasten the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0087] Multiple limiting pins 15453 pass through multiple pin holes 15414a on the second cylindrical part 15414 respectively, pressing a pair of top limiting members 15451 toward the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 from multiple directions, thereby securely fastening the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0088] The bottom limiting member 15452 is a retaining spring, which is fitted into the limiting member mounting groove 15421 of the support base 1542 and protrudes outward from the groove to engage the lower end of the bottom rubber spring 1543 in the support base 1542.

[0089] In addition, such as Figure 9 As shown, after setting the spring connecting assembly 1544, the diameter at the connection position of the two rubber springs 1543 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the support cylinder 1511. Therefore, during the elastic damping process, both ends of all rubber springs 1543 are well limited, so that the overall elastic structure formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 remains stable during the expansion and contraction process.

[0090] like Figure 9 As shown, the positioning post 15454 consists of two cylindrical segments, one of which has a larger diameter, thus forming a stepped structure in the middle of the positioning post 15454. During installation, the smaller-diameter cylindrical segment of the positioning post 15454 is embedded in the positioning post mounting groove 15413a of the internal support plate 15413, while the larger-diameter cylindrical segment is embedded in the positioning post groove 15431 at the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby providing lateral restraint for the rubber spring 1543. The stepped structure in the middle makes it difficult for the spring to come out.

[0091] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the installation of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0092] like Figure 18 As shown, the process of assembling the above structure into an integral elastic element 154 specifically includes the following steps:

[0093] Step S1-1: Fit the lower end of a rubber spring 1543 onto the upper part of the spring connector 15441.

[0094] In step S1-2, a positioning post 15454 is embedded in the upper end of another rubber spring 1543, and then the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 is fitted under the spring connector 15441.

[0095] In steps S1-3, multiple connector fixing pieces 15442 are respectively fitted into multiple fixing piece mounting slots 54411a of spring connector 15441, and respectively fixed by fixing pieces 15443.

[0096] Step S1-4: Secure a pair of top limiting pieces 15451 to the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0097] Steps S1-5: The upper ends of the top limiting member 15451 and the superimposed rubber spring 1543 are embedded below the support cylinder 1541 and fixed by multiple limiting pins 15453.

[0098] Steps S1-6: Fit the bottom limiting member 15452 into the limiting member mounting groove 15421 of the support base 1542.

[0099] Steps S1-7: Insert the lower end of the superimposed rubber spring 1543 into the support base 1542.

[0100] Through the above steps, the multiple components are assembled into an integrated elastic element 154. During track construction, the elastic element 154 only needs to be installed as a whole.

[0101] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the straight track bed at the position of the limiting boss in this embodiment.

[0102] like Figure 1 , Figure 19 As shown, the straight track bed 100 is assembled from multiple track bed slabs 110 joined end to end, with a gap of 70mm between adjacent track bed slabs 110. A pair of semi-cylindrical limiting grooves 114 are provided on both sides of the slab 111 along its length, for setting limiting bosses 400 during assembly. In this embodiment, the limiting bosses 400 are cylindrical concrete platforms whose shape matches the limiting grooves 114. During assembly, the limiting bosses 400 engage with the corresponding limiting grooves 114 of two adjacent track bed slabs 110, thereby laterally limiting the track bed slabs 110.

[0103] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of the installation of the superimposed vibration isolator in this embodiment.

[0104] like Figure 20 As shown, based on the above structure, the specific steps for installing the superimposed vibration isolator 150 include the following:

[0105] Step S2-1: Hoist the plate 111 with the pre-embedded outer sleeve 151 onto the base 200.

[0106] Step S2-2: Measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 151 using a testing instrument, and set the quantity and thickness specifications of the height adjustment shims 153 according to the measured relative height parameter.

[0107] Step S2-3: Use a lifting device to lift the slab 111 to the predetermined construction height.

[0108] In this embodiment, the lifting device is a hydraulic jack, which has four lifting ends (i.e., hydraulic heads). The four lifting ends can be respectively embedded in the four lifting grooves 113 of the plate 111, and are lifted synchronously under the control of the industrial control computer, thereby smoothly lifting the plate 111.

[0109] The lifting height should be such that the distance between the support step 1513 of the outer sleeve 151 embedded in the plate 111 and the base 200 is greater than the total thickness of the placed elastic element 154 and several height adjustment shims 153, so that the rubber spring 1543 is not under force after being placed, and the height adjustment shims 153 and elastic element 154 can be rotated and adjusted.

[0110] In steps S2-4, for each outer sleeve 151, the elastic element 154 and the height adjustment shim 153 are inserted into the upper opening of the outer sleeve 151 in sequence, and the elastic element 154 and the height adjustment shim 153 are rotated by a predetermined angle by the adjustment tool so that their multiple protrusions are located directly below the multiple inner protrusions 1511 of the supporting step 1513.

[0111] In this embodiment, the support step 1513 includes three evenly distributed cylindrical protrusions 1511. Therefore, by adjusting the inserted elastic element 154 and height adjustment shim 153 by 60 degrees, the protrusions of the elastic element 154 and height adjustment shim 153 are respectively located directly below the three cylindrical protrusions 1511. After the plate 111 is lowered, the three protrusions abut against the three cylindrical protrusions 1511 respectively, thereby forming a support structure.

[0112] Figure 21 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.

[0113] like Figure 21As shown, the adjusting tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjusting head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601. The adjusting head 602 has three radially extending adjusting ends 6021, which are positioned corresponding to the three mounting slots of the locking shim 152 and the height adjusting shim 153. Bolts (not shown in the figure) extending vertically are mounted on the adjusting ends 6021.

[0114] Therefore, taking the elastic element 154 as an example, the construction worker can hold the handle 601, insert the adjusting head 602 into the outer sleeve 121, and make the bolts on the three adjusting ends 6021 respectively embedded in the three top mounting holes 15411b on the top of the spring element 154. Then, by rotating the handle 601 horizontally, the elastic element 154 can be rotated horizontally.

[0115] Step S2-5: Lower plate 111 using the lifting device.

[0116] At this time, the rubber springs 1543 in each elastic element 154 enter the stressed state, the plate 111 floats on the base 200, and all the loads of the plate 111 are transmitted to the elastic elements 154 through the support steps 1513 of the sleeve 151.

[0117] Steps S2-6: For each outer sleeve 151, insert the locking washer 152 through the opening at the top of the outer sleeve 151, and fasten the locking washer 152, the adjusting washer 153, and the elastic element 154 together with bolts to prevent the adjusting washer 153 and the elastic element 154 from rotating and falling off.

[0118] Through the above steps, the installation of multiple stacked vibration isolators 150 is completed, forming the aforementioned track bed slab 110. Furthermore, after the above steps, a cover can be added to the upper opening of each outer sleeve 151 to prevent dust, debris, etc., from entering through the opening.

[0119] <Example 2>

[0120] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0121] This embodiment provides a superimposed vibration isolator, a track bed slab, and a straight track bed, such as... Figure 22 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the elastic element 154 of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 in this embodiment includes three rubber springs 1543 stacked vertically. The connection method between two adjacent rubber springs 1543 is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0122] Furthermore, since three rubber springs 1543 need to be accommodated in the second cylindrical portion 15414, the length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 is longer than that in Embodiment 1.

[0123] In this embodiment, the other structures, their working principles, and installation methods are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0124] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0125] According to the superimposed vibration isolator 150 provided in this embodiment, multiple rubber springs 1543 are used. These multiple rubber springs 1543 are connected by a spring connecting assembly 1544, and their two ends are respectively limited and fixed within the lower part of the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 by spring limiting assemblies 1545, forming an integral elastic element 154. Since this elastic element 154 includes multiple vertically superimposed rubber springs 1543, its stiffness has a large adjustable range, and the overall height of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 has a large adjustable range, making it well-suited for various working conditions. Furthermore, the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled, making assembly simple and convenient. During track construction, the elastic element 154 only needs to be installed as a single component, thus reducing construction time and improving construction efficiency.

[0126] Specifically, Embodiment 1 includes two stacked rubber springs 1543, the overall stiffness of which is 1 / 2 of that of a single rubber spring 1543; Embodiment 2 includes three stacked rubber springs 1543, the overall stiffness of which is 1 / 3 of that of a single rubber spring 1543. Even with adjustments to the material formula and manufacturing process, the stiffness of a single rubber spring 1543 is difficult to reach such a range. Therefore, the stiffness range of the elastic element 154 in this embodiment is greatly increased compared to that of a single rubber spring 1543.

[0127] Furthermore, the stacked rubber springs 1543 are connected by a spring connecting assembly 1544. The spring connecting assembly 1544 includes a spring connecting piece 15441 with an H-shaped cross section and a connecting piece fixing piece 15442 mounted on the spring connecting piece 15441 to form a hook-shaped structure. Therefore, both sides of the spring connecting piece 15441 can respectively engage with the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543, and hold this end, thereby connecting multiple vertically stacked rubber springs 1543 into a whole. In addition, the two ends of the whole formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by a spring limiting assembly 1545. The spring limiting assembly 1545 includes an L-shaped cross section, a top limiting piece 15451, a snap ring (bottom limiting piece 15452), and a positioning post 15453, which respectively fix and laterally limit the two ends of the whole and the middle of each rubber spring 1543, thereby making the overall reliability and safety of the elastic element 154 higher.

[0128] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate specific implementations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of the description of the above embodiments.

[0129] In the above embodiment, the number of rubber springs 1543 is 2 to 3, which are stacked in the vertical direction. In an alternative, the number of rubber springs 1543 can be 1 or more, depending on the actual required damping stiffness. The length of the second cylindrical part 15414 is adjusted accordingly based on the number and height of the rubber springs 1543.

[0130] In the above embodiment, the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has a ring of supporting steps 1513 and a ring of lifting steps 1514, each consisting of three evenly distributed inner protrusions 1511. Alternatively, the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 may also have two or more evenly distributed inner protrusions 1511, with the outer contours of the supporting sleeve 1541, locking shim 153, and height adjusting shim 152 matching these protrusions. During installation, rotating the elastic element 154 and height adjusting shim 152 180 / n degrees to form a supporting structure also achieves the corresponding technical effect. With two inner protrusions 1511, the support stability of a single vibration isolator decreases slightly, but since multiple vibration isolators are embedded in the plate 111, the overall support stability can still be guaranteed.

[0131] In the above embodiment, the two ends of the superimposed rubber spring 1543 are respectively fixed inside the lower part of the support cylinder 1541 and inside the support base 1542 by the spring limiting assembly 1545. In an alternative, the two ends of the superimposed rubber spring 1543 can also be limited and fixed by other means, such as by bonding.

Claims

1. A superimposed vibration isolator, installed in a track slab, characterized in that, include: The outer sleeve extends along its length and is fixedly embedded in the track bed slab; An elastic element is disposed below the outer sleeve; Adjust the shim to be positioned above the elastic element; as well as A locking washer is fitted into the outer sleeve and fixed together with the height adjusting washer and the elastic element via a connector. The elastic element includes: Support cylinder; Support base; At least two rubber springs are disposed inside the encasing structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, and are vertically stacked; and Several spring connecting assemblies are respectively disposed between two adjacent rubber springs for connecting multiple rubber springs into a single unit. The inner wall of the outer sleeve has n radially protruding inner protrusions, where n≥2. The height adjustment shim, the locking shim, and the upper end of the support cylinder each have n protrusions, the outer contours of which match the inner wall shape of the outer sleeve at the protrusions inside the cylinder. The spring connection assembly includes: A spring connector having a pair of oppositely arranged fitting grooves, the shape of which matches the end of the rubber spring; and Multiple connecting fixing pieces are mounted on the spring connector, with their ends extending toward the fitting groove. The opposite ends of the two rubber springs are respectively fitted into a pair of fitting grooves and held in place by the ends of the extended connecting piece retaining plate.

2. The superimposed vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, Both ends of the rubber spring are circular plates with a radial indentation in the middle. The spring connector includes: The periphery is ring-shaped; and The disc body is formed within the ring of the peripheral portion, thereby forming a pair of fitting grooves on both sides of the disc body. Multiple mounting slots for fixing plates are provided on the peripheral portion, and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the peripheral portion. The connector fixing piece is fitted and fixed in the fixing piece mounting groove.

3. The superimposed vibration isolator according to claim 1, Its features are: The inner wall of the support base has a ring of limiting member mounting grooves. The elastic element further includes a spring limiting assembly, which comprises: A top limiting member is used to engage and fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support cylinder; and The bottom limiting member is fitted into the limiting member mounting groove and protrudes outward, used to engage and fix the lower end of the bottommost rubber spring in the support base.

4. The superimposed vibration isolator according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The top limiting component is an arc-shaped metal part with an L-shaped cross-section, and there are at least two of them. The bottom limiting component is a retaining ring.

5. The superimposed vibration isolator according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The support cylinder has multiple pin holes. The spring limiting assembly also includes multiple limiting pins, which are respectively fitted into the pin holes to press the top limiting member toward the upper end of the rubber spring.

6. The superimposed vibration isolator according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, A support plate is provided in the middle of the inner part of the support cylinder. The support plate has a positioning post mounting hole in the middle. The spring connector has a positioning post mounting groove in the middle. One end of the rubber spring has a positioning post groove. The spring limiting assembly also includes multiple positioning posts for lateral limiting of the rubber spring. One of the positioning posts passes through both the positioning post mounting hole of the support plate and the positioning post slot of the uppermost rubber spring. The remaining positioning posts pass through the positioning post mounting slot of the spring connector and the positioning post slots of the other rubber springs.

7. The superimposed vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The thickness of the height adjustment shims is 2mm to 10mm, and the quantity is one or more.

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