Medium-hard rock medium crushing type impact crusher and working method
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TIANJIN CEMENT IND DESIGN & RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
Smart Images
Figure CN116550428B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of crusher technology, specifically to a medium-hard rock impact crusher and its working method. Background Technology
[0002] The medium-sized impact crusher is a very important and commonly used type of crusher in the cement, sand and gravel aggregate and other non-metallic mining fields. It is generally used after coarse crushing operations to crush brittle rocks with a particle size of less than 500mm to achieve an output particle size of <30mm, so as to meet the finished product particle size and output requirements of mining production.
[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, existing general-purpose crushers typically consist of a rotor (1), two impact plates (2), a leveling plate section (3), and a casing (4). The specific working principle is as follows: material enters the crusher, is struck by the rotor, thrown against the impact plates, and bounces back to be struck again. After repeated impacts by the two impact plates, the material reaches a certain particle size. Next, the rotor carries the material into the leveling plate section, a crucial component of the crusher. Its function is to perform a final crushing and shaping of the incoming material to achieve the required particle size and shape, ensuring that both particle size and shape meet the requirements.
[0004] The original model was widely used in various rock crushing production lines and had reliable overall performance, but it had the following problems:
[0005] 1. The surface of the uniform plate and the material contact is too smooth, and the material has not undergone sufficient repeated friction and tumbling, resulting in a high degree of needle-like and flaky particle shape in the output.
[0006] 2. The adjustment and protection device of the two impact plates serves two purposes: first, it allows the impact plates to rebound and avoid excessively difficult-to-crush foreign objects, thus protecting the impact plate structure from damage; second, it adjusts the position of the impact plates to change the distance between the impact plate outlet and the rotor, thereby adjusting the output particle size or compensating for wear on the wear-resistant parts. The existing model uses a mechanical adjustment method, relying on screws on both sides for threaded adjustment. This method is extremely slow. If there is slight deformation of the screws, thread wear, slight deformation of the frame, or impurities clogging the threads, the required adjustment force is very large, sometimes even impossible. This causes significant difficulties for on-site operation and maintenance, increases time costs, reduces production efficiency, and disrupts normal production order.
[0007] The structure and adjustment function of the adjustment and protection device of the leveling plate are the same as those of the impact plate, and the above-mentioned problems also exist in the adjustment. At the same time, the protection function is also a mechanical spring. When a difficult-to-crush foreign object passes through, the spring that holds the main structure of the leveling plate in its original position will be automatically compressed, causing the leveling plate to rebound, widening the discharge port and allowing the foreign object to pass through. In this way, the structure is protected from damage. This requires that the productivity during the crushing process and the force when passing through foreign objects be accurately calculated during the design to ensure that it will not rebound under normal working conditions to ensure normal crushing, and at the same time, it can rebound when passing through foreign objects to play a protective role. However, in the design of crushers, material productivity and the force applied by foreign objects are industry challenges, and there is currently no very accurate algorithm. This requires further research and the introduction of new calculation methods. The results calculated by the current algorithm often differ greatly from reality. If the spring is too large, the protection capacity is limited; if it is too small, the crushing process cannot be guaranteed. Moreover, the adjustment range of the spring is limited, and the on-site adjustment of the pre-pressure is often inaccurate. Furthermore, existing models often only have adjustment and protection devices at the bottom, while the top is almost fixed. This means that when foreign objects are at the top, the uniform plate is not protected. At the same time, the spacing at the top cannot be adjusted, which reduces the crusher's ability to adjust the output particle size, resulting in low uniform wear and utilization of wear-resistant parts.
[0008] The shell serves to support other working components, seal the crushing space, and connect the entire machine to the external structure, making it subject to complex stresses. Existing models suffer from improper stiffener arrangement, leading to deformation over long-term use, which affects equipment safety and maintenance. Furthermore, improperly designed split surfaces in the shell, along with welded structures on the sides and ends, result in large minimum parts for transport and disassembly, high density-to-weight ratios, and high transportation costs. This also restricts space for transport and installation in confined areas.
[0009] In summary, the purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems:
[0010] (1) The existing structure of the homogenizing plate does not effectively guarantee the particle shape of the product;
[0011] (2) The counter-attack plate uses a mechanical adjustment mechanism, which is difficult to adjust;
[0012] (3) The mechanical adjustment mechanism of the equalization plate is difficult to adjust, and the mechanical protection effect is not good. At the same time, the upper part cannot be adjusted for protection.
[0013] (4) The unreasonable arrangement of the shell stiffeners leads to the shell being easily deformable. The unreasonable setting of the split surfaces of the shell parts and the fact that the ends and sides are welded structures that cannot be flexibly disassembled result in space restrictions for transportation and installation. Summary of the Invention
[0014] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0015] A medium-hard rock impact crusher includes a rotor, two impact plates, a leveling plate, and a shell; the impact plates include an impact plate body and an impact plate adjustment and protection device; the impact plate adjustment and protection device includes a horizontally arranged base frame, suspension screw assemblies on both sides of the base frame, an adjustment frame between the two suspension screw assemblies, a spring screw assembly, and an impact plate adjustment hydraulic cylinder.
[0016] One end of the suspension screw assembly is connected to the housing, and the other end is used to hold the main body of the counterattack plate.
[0017] The spring screw assembly is connected to the housing and uses elastic force to keep the impact plate in place when it is subjected to impact;
[0018] The base frame is connected to the housing and serves as a fixed support component, connecting the suspension screw assembly, spring screw assembly, and hydraulic cylinder into one unit; when the first adjustment and protection device is working, the position of the base frame does not move with changes in the impact plate and rotor spacing;
[0019] The adjusting frame is connected to a straight suspension screw assembly, a spring screw assembly, and a counter-attack plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder on one side. When the counter-attack plate adjusting protection device is working, the adjusting frame is displaced by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby driving the suspension screw assembly to move, and thus changing the distance between the counter-attack plate and the rotor.
[0020] Furthermore, the suspension screw assembly includes a U-shaped connecting plate that connects to the main body of the counter-attack plate, and a suspension screw is connected to the top of the U-shaped connecting plate by a locking nut; the end of the suspension screw away from the U-shaped connecting plate is clamped to the adjusting frame by an inner clamping nut and an outer clamping nut, and the inner clamping nut is pressed onto the base frame by a shock-absorbing disc spring, and a first protective sleeve is provided above the outer clamping nut and threadedly connected to the outside of the suspension screw.
[0021] Furthermore, the working method of the suspension screw assembly includes the following steps: When the distance between the impact plate and the rotor is reduced, firstly, the outer clamping nut and the first protective sleeve are screwed toward the impact plate to the required adjustment distance. Then, the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting frame to push out in the same direction until the adjusting frame contacts the outer clamping nut. Then, the inner clamping nut is screwed toward the impact plate until it contacts the adjusting frame again. Finally, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting frame to retract outward, causing the spring screw to move the impact plate toward the rotor side, thereby reducing the distance between the impact plate and the rotor. When the distance between the impact plate and the rotor is increased, firstly, the adjusting frame is pushed out to the required adjustment distance by the hydraulic cylinder. Then, the inner clamping nut is screwed toward the rotor side until it contacts the housing. The hydraulic cylinder is retracted toward the rotor side to its original position, causing the inner clamping nut to contact the base frame. Finally, the outer clamping nut and the first protective sleeve are tightened toward the rotor side.
[0022] Furthermore, the spring screw assembly includes a spring screw that passes through the base frame and the adjusting frame. The spring screw is fixed inside the housing by threads and is also fixed to the base frame by a second locking nut. A pressure plate is provided on the top of the spring screw. A pressure cap and a second protective sleeve are provided above the pressure plate and threadedly connected to the spring screw. A spring is sleeved on the spring screw between the pressure plate and the adjusting frame. The pressure plate presses the spring with the pressure cap in the form of a nut. The other end of the spring presses the adjusting frame onto the housing.
[0023] Furthermore, the working method of the spring screw assembly includes the following steps: During normal production, the impact force formed by the material on the main body of the impact plate is less than the spring preload, and the main body of the impact plate remains stationary; when the crusher is hit by difficult-to-crush foreign objects or overloaded, the foreign objects and materials will be struck by the main body of the impact plate, causing a strong impact. When the impact force is greater than the spring's set preload, the spring will compress, thereby causing the main body of the impact plate to move backward, increasing the gap between the impact plate and the rotor, and partially discharging the foreign objects or overloaded materials. At this time, the pressure on the main body of the impact plate decreases, and the spring presses the main body of the impact plate back to its original position.
[0024] Furthermore, there are two hydraulic cylinders for adjusting the counter-attack plate, symmetrically arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies. The cylinder body is hinged to the base frame, and the top joint of the cylinder rod is connected to the adjusting frame.
[0025] Furthermore, the top connector includes a U-shaped connector frame and a threaded connector at its bottom; the inner side of the U-shaped connector frame has a slide rail on its two opposite side walls, and a slider is provided on the slide rail; the bottom of the slider is provided with an upper arc groove; the bottom of the inner side of the U-shaped connector frame is provided with a lower arc groove opposite to the upper arc groove, and the slider can slide down along the slide rail to the bottom of the U-shaped connector frame, and the upper arc groove and the lower arc groove form a complete pin hole.
[0026] Furthermore, two upper inclined surfaces are symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper arc-shaped groove; two lower inclined surfaces are symmetrically provided on both sides of the lower arc-shaped groove. When the upper arc-shaped groove and the lower arc-shaped groove are joined together to form a pin hole, the upper inclined surface can contact and adhere tightly to the lower inclined surface to ensure that a pin can be inserted into the pin hole.
[0027] Furthermore, the slider is provided with a horizontal positioning hole perpendicular to the axial direction of the pin hole, and the top two sides of the U-shaped connector frame are provided with upper positioning holes of the same diameter as the horizontal positioning hole, the location of the upper positioning hole being the upper material loading position; the bottom two sides of the U-shaped connector frame are provided with lower positioning holes of the same diameter as the horizontal positioning hole, the location of the lower positioning hole being the lower maintenance position, the lower positioning hole being located above the lower arc-shaped groove; when the slider moves to the upper material loading position, a positioning pin is inserted into the upper positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider; when the slider moves to the lower maintenance position, a positioning pin is similarly inserted into the lower positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider.
[0028] Furthermore, during adjustment, push the slider to the maintenance position at the bottom of the U-shaped joint frame, align the upper and lower arc grooves, and press the upper and lower inclined surfaces together. Insert the open pin into the lower positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider, and insert the hydraulic cylinder pin into the pin hole after aligning. At this time, adjustment can be performed. When the crusher is running with material, push the slider to the upper material position, insert the open pin into the upper positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider, and the hydraulic cylinder pin does not need to be removed from the lower arc groove.
[0029] Furthermore, the leveling plate section includes a leveling plate body; the leveling plate body includes a leveling plate frame, a bearing plate, and a rack; the leveling plate frame includes multiple supporting steel plates arranged at equal intervals and stiffening plates and crossbeams connecting them as a whole, thus forming the supporting skeleton of the entire leveling plate section; the upper part of the leveling plate frame is connected to the bearing plate, the front of the leveling plate frame is the leveling surface, and multiple crossbeams are fixed parallel to each other from top to bottom on the leveling surface according to a certain arc, all the crossbeams are arranged in an oblique tooth shape, and several racks are fixed on each crossbeam.
[0030] Furthermore, the leveling plate section also includes a leveling plate adjustment and protection device, which includes two pairs of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders located on the back of the leveling plate body. Each pair of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders has a pair of slide rails in the corresponding housing below it. The slide rails include an upper slide rail and a lower slide rail. The upper part of the leveling plate body is connected to a pair of upper slide rails via a pair of upper support shafts, and the lower part of the leveling plate body is connected to a pair of levers via a pair of lower support shafts. The levers are connected to a pair of lower slide rails via hinge shafts. The two pairs of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the upper and lower slide rails via hydraulic cylinder pins. The middle swing shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged in the corresponding hinge plate of the housing.
[0031] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic station via a pipeline, and a nitrogen bladder is provided on the pipeline; when a foreign object enters the leveling plate area, if the pressure is higher than the nitrogen bladder's set value, the nitrogen bladder opens, the hydraulic cylinder retracts, the leveling plate body moves backward, the foreign object is discharged, and then the leveling plate body is pressed back.
[0032] Furthermore, the housing includes an upper housing front part, an upper housing rear part, a lower housing part, and a liner assembly that are bolted together as one unit; stiffeners are reasonably arranged on both sides of the feed chute at the rear of the upper housing, at the parts of the upper housing where material impact is severe, and at the stress points when the cover is being inspected.
[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0034] The medium-sized impact crusher of the present invention has been improved in terms of the impact plate section, the leveling plate section, and the shell, specifically:
[0035] 1. The suspension screw assembly of the adjustment and protection device for the impact plate has been improved from having both adjustment and suspension functions in the existing technology to having only a suspension function, while the adjustment function is realized by a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic adjustment mechanism of the impact plate greatly reduces the operation time and difficulty of its maintenance and adjustment;
[0036] 2. The hydraulic cylinder top joint of the impact plate ensures that the hydraulic cylinder is protected to the maximum extent when the crusher is carrying material, and also ensures that the operator can easily and quickly switch the hydraulic cylinder joint between the maintenance and material carrying positions, reducing downtime for maintenance and lowering the probability of misoperation.
[0037] 3. The rack and pinion structure of the equalization plate greatly increases the equalization effect of the material, making the material particle shape more rounded and the needle-like particle size reaches the Class I standard of the national standard for manufactured sand and gravel aggregates; similarly, the hydraulic equalization plate has an integrated adjustment and protection structure, which, in addition to the advantages mentioned in 2, greatly increases the protection of the mechanism.
[0038] 4. The new split-section structure of the shell and the detachable side and end connections optimize the crusher's adaptability for transportation and installation. This reduces the maximum density ratio of the detachable parts, lowers transportation costs, and allows the crusher to be disassembled more completely, enabling transportation and installation even in confined spaces. The newly added and adjusted stiffeners increase the structural strength of the shell, enhancing its reliability during long-term operation. All these improvements result in a minimal weight change compared to the original structure.
[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0040] In the attached diagram:
[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a medium-sized impact crusher in the existing technology;
[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the medium-sized impact crusher of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the counter-attack plate of the present invention;
[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the counter-attack plate adjustment and protection device of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension screw assembly structure of the present invention;
[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spring screw assembly structure of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 7This is the state of the counter-attack plate adjustment and protection device of the present invention before adjustment;
[0048] Figure 8 To continue Figure 7 Afterwards, the outer clamping nut and the first sheath are unscrewed towards the counter-attack plate;
[0049] Figure 9 To continue Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the subsequent lifting of the counter-attack plate by the hydraulic cylinder and its contact with the outer clamping nut;
[0050] Figure 10 To continue Figure 9 A diagram showing the inner clamping nut being lifted and coming into contact with the adjusting bracket;
[0051] Figure 11 For the continuation Figure 10 A diagram showing the hydraulic cylinder retracting to its original position.
[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the top connector of the hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the counter-attack plate according to the present invention;
[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the top connector of the present invention;
[0054] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the slider in the lower maintenance position of the top connector of the present invention;
[0055] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the slider in the top connector of the present invention at the upper material position;
[0056] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling plate portion of the present invention;
[0057] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling plate frame of the present invention;
[0058] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling plate section (including the hydraulic station and pipelines) of the present invention;
[0059] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the housing structure of the present invention.
[0060] In the diagram: 1. Rotor;
[0061] 2. Counter-attack plate section; 21. Counter-attack plate body; 22. First adjustment and protection device; 22-1. Base frame; 22-2. Suspension screw assembly; 22-21. U-shaped connecting plate; 22-22. First locking nut; 22-23. Anti-loosening washer; 22-24. Inner clamping nut; 22-25. Outer clamping nut; 22-26. Shock-absorbing disc spring; 22-27. First protective sleeve; 22-28. Top nut; 22-29. Suspension screw; 22 -3. Adjusting frame; 22-4. Spring screw assembly; 22-41. Spring screw; 22-42. Second locking nut; 22-43. Second protective sleeve; 22-44. Pressure plate; 22-45. Spring; 22-46. Pressure cap; 22-5. Counterattack plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder; 22-51. U-shaped connector frame; 22-51-1. Slide rail; 22-51-2. Lower arc groove; 22-51-3. Lower inclined surface; 22-52. Threaded connector; 22-54. Slider; 22-54-1. Upper arc groove; 22-54-2. Upper inclined surface; 22-54-3. Horizontal positioning hole; 22-51-4. Upper positioning hole; 22-51-5. Lower positioning hole; 22-512. Pin; 23. Counterattack plate liner;
[0062] 3. Leveling plate section; 31. Leveling plate main body; 31-1. Leveling plate frame; 31-11. Supporting steel plate; 31-12. Rib plate; 31-13. Crossbeam; 31-14. Impact plate connecting plate; 31-2. Impact plate; 31-3. Rack; 31-4. Upper support shaft; 31-5. Lower support shaft; 32. Leveling plate adjustment and protection device; 32-1. Leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 32-2. Upper slide rail; 32-3. Lower slide rail; 32-4. Lever; 32-5. Hinge shaft; 32-6. Hydraulic cylinder connecting pin; 32-7. Nitrogen bladder; 32-8. Hydraulic station;
[0063] 4. Shell; 41. Front part of upper shell; 42. Rear part of upper shell; 43. Lower shell part; 44. Liner assembly. Detailed Implementation
[0064] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.
[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, a medium-hard rock impact crusher includes a rotor 1, an impact plate section 2, a leveling plate section 3, and a shell 4. In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention mainly makes the following innovations to the impact plate section 2, the leveling plate section 3, and the shell 4.
[0066] Specifically, such as Figures 3 to 5As shown, the impact plate section 2 includes an impact plate body 21 and an impact plate adjustment and protection device 22. The structure of the impact plate section 2 remains unchanged from the prior art. The innovation of the impact plate adjustment and protection device 22 is as follows: The impact plate adjustment and protection device 22 includes a horizontally arranged base frame 22-1, vertical suspension screw assemblies 22-2 arranged on both sides of the base frame 22-1, an adjustment frame 22-3 arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies 22-2, a spring screw assembly 22-4, and an impact plate adjustment hydraulic cylinder 22-5. The base frame 22-1 is connected to the housing 4. The suspension screw assembly 22-2 includes a U-shaped connecting plate 22-21 connected to the impact plate body 21 by a pin. The suspension screw 22-29 is connected to the upper part of the frame 22-1 via a first locking nut 22-22. An anti-loosening washer 22-23 is provided between the first locking nut 22-22 and the U-shaped connecting plate 22-21. The end of the suspension screw 22-29 away from the U-shaped connecting plate 22-21 is clamped to the adjusting frame 22-3 via an inner clamping nut 22-24 and an outer clamping nut 22-25. The inner clamping nut 22-24 is pressed against the base frame 22-1 by a shock-absorbing disc spring 22-26. A first protective sleeve 22-27 is threaded onto the outside of the suspension screw 22-29 above the outer clamping nut 22-25. A top nut 22-28, threaded onto the suspension screw 22-29, is located on the top of the first protective sleeve 22-27. The suspension screw assembly 22-2 holds the counter-attack plate body 21 and suspends it on the housing 4 via the base frame 22-1, preventing the counter-attack plate body 21 from falling.
[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the spring screw assembly 22-4 includes a spring screw 22-41 that passes through the base frame 22-1 and the adjusting frame 22-3. The spring screw 22-41 is connected to the base frame 22-1 through a second locking nut 22-42 and thus fixed inside the housing 4. A pressure plate 22-44 is provided on the top of the spring screw 22-41. Above the pressure plate 22-44 is a pressure cap 22-46. Above the pressure cap 22-46 is a second protective sleeve 22-43. The second protective sleeve 22-43 and the pressure cap 22-46 are connected to the base frame 22-1 and the adjusting frame 22-3. The caps 22-46 are all threadedly connected to the spring screws 22-41. A spring 22-45 is sleeved on the spring screws 22-41 between the pressure plate 22-44 and the adjusting frame 22-3. The pressure plate 22-44 presses the spring 22-45 through the caps 22-46. The other end of the spring 22-45 presses the adjusting frame 22-3 onto the housing 4 and has a certain pre-tightening force to adapt to the normal crushing force, thereby ensuring that the entire impact plate body 21 will not swing backward when subjected to normal crushing force.
[0068] There are two hydraulic cylinders 22-5 for adjusting the impact plate, which are symmetrically arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies 22-2. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 is hinged to the base frame 22-1, and the top joint of the cylinder rod is connected to the adjusting frame 22-3 through a pin. The hydraulic cylinder 22-5 is used to adjust the distance between the impact plate body 21 and the rotor 1.
[0069] In summary, compared to the original structure, the suspension screw assembly 22-2 has changed from having both adjustment and suspension functions to having only a suspension function, with the adjustment function now achieved by the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 22-5. For example... Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the adjustment principle of the impact plate adjustment and protection device 22 is as follows: When the distance between the impact plate part 2 and the rotor 1 is reduced, firstly, the outer clamping nut 22-25 and the first protective sleeve 22-27 are screwed outward to the required adjustment distance. Then, the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 drives the adjusting frame 22-3 to push out to the same side until the adjusting frame 22-3 contacts the outer clamping nut. Then, the inner clamping nut is screwed out to the side of the impact plate part 2 until it contacts the adjusting frame 22-3 again. Finally, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 drives the adjusting frame 22-3 to retract. This causes the suspension screw assembly 22-2 to move the impact plate 2 toward the rotor 1, thereby reducing the distance between the impact plate 2 and the rotor 1. When the distance between the impact plate 2 and the rotor 1 is increased, the adjusting bracket 22-3 is first pushed out to the distance to be adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder 22-5. Then, the inner clamping nut 22-24 is screwed toward the rotor 1 until it contacts the housing 4. The hydraulic cylinder 22-5 is then retracted toward the rotor 1 to its original position, so that the inner clamping nut contacts the base frame 22-1. Finally, the outer clamping nut and the first protective sleeve 22-27 are tightened toward the rotor 1.
[0070] The spring screw 22-41 on the spring screw assembly 22-4 is connected to the housing 4. The spring 22-45 is pressed onto the adjusting frame 22-3 by the pressure cap 22-46 and the pressure plate 22-44, thereby keeping the impact plate 2 in its original position by pressing the adjusting frame 22-3. During normal production, the impact force formed by the material on the impact plate body 21 is less than the preload of the spring 22-45, and the impact plate body 21 remains stationary. When the crusher is hit by difficult-to-crush foreign objects or overloaded, the foreign objects and materials will be struck by the impact plate body 21, causing a strong impact. When the impact force is greater than the preload set by the spring 22-45, the spring 22-45 will compress, causing the impact plate body 21 to move backward. The gap between the impact plate and the rotor 1 increases, and some of the foreign objects or overloaded materials are discharged. At this time, the pressure on the impact plate body 21 decreases, and the spring 22-45 presses the impact plate body 21 back to its original position, thereby protecting the impact plate and the overall structure of the crusher. This structure uses a hydraulic system instead of a mechanical one for adjustment, which greatly increases the adjustment force and speed. It is also very easy to operate, significantly reducing downtime for maintenance and improving the factory's production efficiency.
[0071] The adjustment of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 for the impact plate is achieved by the top joint of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 pushing the adjusting frame 22-3 through the pin to compress the spring 22-45, and then adjusting the nut. However, during production, as mentioned above, when a foreign object enters the space of the impact plate 2, it will immediately pop out protectively. If the top joint of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 (standard self-contained joint) is still connected to the pin at this time, the cylinder rod will be forced to extend, causing damage to the oil pipe and valve of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5. Therefore, the pin needs to be removed when the crusher is carrying material. However, this leads to another problem: the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 is hinged to the base frame 22-1 through the intermediate swing shaft. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 may swing freely within the adjusting frame 22-3. When the impact plate pops out protectively and returns to its original position, the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 may swing to one side under the action of gravity and be interfered with by the weld block at the pin connection position of the adjusting frame 22-3, thus being damaged. To address this problem, the present invention also innovates the top joint of the hydraulic cylinder rod 22-5.
[0072] Specifically, such as Figures 12 to 13As shown, the top connector includes a U-shaped connector frame 22-51 and a threaded connector 22-52 at its bottom. The threaded connector 22-52 has the same specifications as the original connector of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 22-5, so as to replace the original connector for connecting the cylinder rod. The inner sides of the U-shaped connector frame have opposite side rails 22-51-2, and a slider 22-54 is provided on the side rails 22-51-2, allowing the slider 22-54 to move flexibly on the U-shaped connector frame. -54 has an upper arc-shaped groove 22-54-1 at the bottom; a lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2 opposite to the upper arc-shaped groove 22-54-1 is provided on the inner bottom of the U-shaped connector frame, so that the slider 22-54 can slide down the slide 22-51-2 to the bottom of the U-shaped connector frame until the upper arc-shaped groove 22-54-1 and the lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2 form a complete pin hole; two upper inclined surfaces 22-5 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper arc-shaped groove 22-54-1. 4-2; Two symmetrical lower inclined surfaces 22-51-3 are provided on both sides of the lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2. When the upper arc-shaped groove 22-54-1 and the lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2 are engaged to form a pin hole, the upper inclined surface 22-54-2 can contact and fit tightly with the lower inclined surface 22-51-3 to ensure that a pin can be inserted into the pin hole; In addition, the slider 22-54 is provided with a horizontal positioning hole 22-54-3 perpendicular to the axial direction of the pin hole, and a U-shaped connector. The top two sides of the frame 22-51 are provided with upper positioning holes 22-51-4 of the same diameter as the horizontal positioning holes 22-54-3, and the upper positioning holes 22-51-4 are located at the material feeding position; the bottom two sides of the U-shaped connector frame are provided with lower positioning holes 22-51-5 of the same diameter as the horizontal positioning holes 22-54-3, and the lower positioning holes 22-51-5 are located at the adjustment and maintenance position, and the lower positioning holes 22-51-5 are located above the lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2. The positioning holes of the upper positioning holes 22-51-4, lower positioning holes 22-51-5, and slider 22-54 are used to install the pin 22-512 when the slider 22-54 is positioned in the upper and lower positions, so that the slider 22-54 is firmly positioned in the two positions.
[0073] like Figures 14 to 15As shown, during adjustment, push the slider 22-54 to the lower maintenance position of the U-shaped connector frame, align the upper arc groove 22-54-1 and the lower arc groove 22-51-2, and tighten the upper inclined surface 22-54-2 and the lower inclined surface 22-51-3. Insert the pin 22-512 into the lower positioning hole 22-51-5 and the positioning hole of the slider 22-54, and insert the hydraulic cylinder pin 22-5 into the aligned pin hole. Adjustment can then be performed. When the crusher is running with material, push the slider 22-54 to the upper material-carrying position, and insert the pin 22-512 into the upper positioning hole 22-51-4 and the positioning hole of the slider 22-54. Insert the hydraulic cylinder pin 22-5 into the aligned pin hole. The shaft does not need to be removed from the lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2. This ensures that the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 pin has sufficient space to move unimpeded during the protective rebound of the impact plate (the specific length is calculated based on actual requirements). This prevents the cylinder rod of hydraulic cylinder 22-5 from being forced out. Simultaneously, when the impact plate 2 rebounds, the central swing shaft of hydraulic cylinder 22-5 swings smoothly on the base frame 22-1, preventing interference with the top joint when the adjusting frame 22-3 presses back. Furthermore, the lower inclined surface 22-51-3 at the bottom of the U-shaped joint frame allows the hydraulic cylinder 22-5 pin to smoothly enter the lower arc-shaped groove 22-51-2 when the impact plate 2 presses back after foreign objects pass through, preventing jamming. All of these features maximize the protection of hydraulic cylinder 22-5 during material handling. Moreover, the process is very simple; only the slider 22-54 needs to be adjusted between maintenance and material handling positions as required on site, preventing operator oversight.
[0074] like Figure 16 As shown, the leveling plate section 3 includes a leveling plate body 31 and a leveling plate adjustment and protection device 32; specifically, the leveling plate body 31 includes a leveling plate frame 31-1, a bearing plate 31-2, a rack 31-3, an upper support shaft 31-4, and a lower support shaft 31-5; the leveling plate frame 31-1 is a welded structure, including multiple support steel plates 31-11 arranged at equal intervals, and stiffening plates 31-12 connecting all the support steel plates 31-11 into one piece, and crossbeams 31-13 and 31-14 connecting the bearing plates. The plates, etc., constitute the supporting skeleton of the entire leveling plate part 3. The upper part of the leveling plate frame 31-1 is threadedly connected to the impact plate 31-2. The front of the leveling plate frame 31-1 is the leveling surface. Multiple crossbeams 31-13 are fixed parallel to each other from top to bottom according to a certain arc on the leveling surface. All crossbeams 31-13 are arranged in a serrated shape, and several racks 31-3 are fixed on each crossbeam 31-13. The racks 31-3 have the function of the existing liner plate, and each rack 31-3 is an integral casting structure.
[0075] Compared to the original structure, this structure improves the existing flat liner structure into a rack 31-3 assembly with a toothed sawtooth structure. The corresponding structure of the equalization plate frame 31-1 is changed from a steel plate to a crossbeam 31-13 to connect the rack 31-3. This structure allows the material to tumble and grind against each other on the rack 31-3 under the drive of the rotor 1, maximizing the uniformity of the material and ensuring that the output particle shape (needle-like particle size) meets the Class I requirements of the sand and gravel aggregate standard. At the same time, the upper impact plate structure (equivalent to the original first liner) is retained to shield the material and prevent it from flying out.
[0076] like Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, after redesign, the leveling plate adjustment and protection device 32 includes two pairs of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders 32-1 located on the back of the leveling plate body 31. Each pair of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders 32-1 has a pair of slide rails at the corresponding housing 4 below it. Specifically, the upper part of the leveling plate body 31 is connected to a pair of upper slide rails 32-2 via a pair of upper support shafts 31-4, and the lower part is connected to a pair of levers 32-4 via a pair of lower support shafts 31-5. The levers 32-4 are connected to a pair of hinge shafts 32-5. A pair of lower slide rails 32-3 are connected to the upper slide rail 32-2 and the lower slide rail 32-3 respectively via hydraulic cylinder pins. The middle swing shaft of the equalizing plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder 32-1 is hinged in the corresponding hinge plate of the housing. Thus, the extension and retraction of the equalizing plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder 32-1 drives the upper slide rail 32-2, the lower slide rail 32-3 and the equalizing plate body 31 to move along the slide rails, changing the distance between the equalizing plate body 31 and the rotor 1. The equalizing plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder 32-1 is connected to the hydraulic station 32-8 through pipelines. A nitrogen bladder 32-7 is provided between the equalizing plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder 32-1 and the hydraulic station 32-8. The function of the nitrogen bladder is to form a pressure relief feedback loop with the hydraulic cylinder, which can protect the overall structure.
[0077] This structure integrates the mechanical adjustment and protection mechanisms of the equalization plate section 3, such as the support screw and protection spring, into a purely hydraulic structure. Both the upper and lower sides of the equalization plate section 3 can be adjusted and protected. The distance between the equalization plate section 3 and the rotor 1 can be adjusted by extending and retracting the hydraulic cylinder 32-1. When a difficult-to-crush foreign object enters the equalization plate space, if the pressure on the equalization plate surface exceeds the set value of the nitrogen bladder 32-7, the nitrogen bladder 32-7 opens, the hydraulic cylinder 32-1 depressurizes and retracts, the equalization plate body 31 retracts, the foreign object is discharged, and then the equalization plate body 31 is pressed back by the nitrogen bladder 32-7. The set value of the nitrogen bladder 32-7 has a wide adjustable range, allowing for convenient and timely changes on-site to meet production and safety requirements. Compared to the original structure, this structure greatly facilitates adjustment, significantly reduces the time required, and significantly improves protection reliability. Furthermore, the upper side of the equalization plate section 3 can also achieve reliable adjustment and protection functions.
[0078] like Figure 19 As shown, this invention redesigns the original shell 4. The newly designed shell 4 includes a front upper shell 41, a rear upper shell 42, a lower shell 43, and a liner assembly 44. Compared to the original structure, a split surface is added between the rear upper shell 42 and the lower shell 43. Stiffeners are added and rearranged at the following locations: both sides of the feed chute in the rear upper shell 42, and at areas of severe material impact in the front and rear upper shells 41 and 42. Stress points during maintenance and flap opening of the rear upper shell 42 are also addressed. Furthermore, the sides and ends of each component of the shell 4 are bolted together, changing the original welded structure. This structure, compared to the original structure, results in: smaller minimum detachable parts for transport, allowing for even partial disassembly and shipping, leading to a lower transport density and adaptability to transport and installation in confined spaces; and the added and rearranged stiffeners at actual stress points and impact areas effectively increase the strength of the shell 4 and prevent deformation. All these changes maintain a similar weight to the original structure, resulting in the same assembled volume.
[0079] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.
Claims
1. A medium-hard rock impact crusher, comprising a rotor, an impact plate section, a leveling plate section, and a shell; the impact plate section includes an impact plate body and a first adjustment and protection device; characterized in that: The first adjustment and protection device includes a horizontally arranged base frame, suspension screw assemblies on both sides of the base frame, an adjustment frame between the two suspension screw assemblies, a spring screw assembly, and a counter-attack plate adjustment hydraulic cylinder; One end of the suspension screw assembly is connected to the housing, and the other end is used to hold the main body of the counterattack plate. The spring screw assembly is connected to the housing and uses elastic force to keep the impact plate in place when it is subjected to impact; The base frame is connected to the housing and serves as a fixed support component, connecting the suspension screw assembly, spring screw assembly, and counter-attack plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder into one unit; when the first adjustment and protection device is working, the position of the base frame does not move with the change in the counter-attack plate and rotor spacing; The adjusting frame is connected to the suspension screw assembly, the spring screw assembly, and the counter-attack plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder on one side. When the first adjusting protection device is working, the adjusting frame is displaced by the extension and retraction of the counter-attack plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder, thereby driving the suspension screw assembly to move, and thus changing the distance between the counter-attack plate and the rotor. There are two hydraulic cylinders for adjusting the counter-attack plate, which are symmetrically arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the counter-attack plate is hinged to the base frame, and the top joint of the cylinder rod is connected to the adjusting frame. The top connector of the cylinder rod includes a U-shaped connector frame and a threaded connector at its bottom; the inner side walls of the U-shaped connector frame are provided with slides, and a slider is provided on the slides; the bottom of the slider is provided with an upper arc groove; the bottom of the inner side of the U-shaped connector frame is provided with a lower arc groove opposite to the upper arc groove, and the slider can slide down along the slide to the bottom of the U-shaped connector frame, and the upper arc groove and the lower arc groove form a complete pin hole; Two upper inclined surfaces are symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper arc groove; two lower inclined surfaces are symmetrically provided on both sides of the lower arc groove. When the upper arc groove and the lower arc groove are joined together to form a pin hole, the upper inclined surfaces and the lower inclined surfaces are in close contact to ensure that a pin can be inserted into the pin hole. The slider has a horizontal positioning hole perpendicular to the axis of the pin hole. The top two sides of the U-shaped connector frame have upper positioning holes of the same diameter as the horizontal positioning hole, and the upper positioning holes are located at the upper material loading position. The bottom two sides of the U-shaped connector frame have lower positioning holes of the same diameter as the horizontal positioning hole, and the lower positioning holes are located at the lower maintenance position. The lower positioning holes are located above the lower arc groove. When the slider moves to the upper material loading position, a positioning pin is inserted into the upper positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider. When the slider moves to the lower maintenance position, a positioning pin is also inserted into the lower positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider. During adjustment, push the slider to the lower maintenance position of the U-shaped joint frame, align the upper and lower arc grooves, and ensure the upper and lower inclined surfaces are close together. Insert the pin into the lower positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider, and then insert the hydraulic cylinder pin into the pin hole after aligning. Adjustment can then be performed. When the crusher is running with material, push the slider to the upper material position and insert the pin into the upper positioning hole and the horizontal positioning hole of the slider. The hydraulic cylinder pin does not need to be removed from the lower arc groove.
2. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The suspension screw assembly includes a U-shaped connecting plate that connects to the main body of the counter-attack plate. A suspension screw is connected to the top of the U-shaped connecting plate via a first locking nut. The end of the suspension screw away from the U-shaped connecting plate is clamped to the adjusting frame by an inner clamping nut and an outer clamping nut. The inner clamping nut is pressed against the base frame by a shock-absorbing disc spring. A first protective sleeve with a threaded connection to the outside of the suspension screw is provided above the outer clamping nut.
3. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The working method of the suspension screw assembly includes the following steps: When the distance between the impact plate and the rotor is reduced, firstly, the outer clamping nut and the first protective sleeve are screwed toward the impact plate to the required adjustment distance. Then, the cylinder rod of the impact plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting frame to push out in the same direction until the adjusting frame contacts the outer clamping nut. Then, the inner clamping nut is screwed toward the impact plate until it contacts the adjusting frame again. Finally, the cylinder body of the impact plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting frame to retract outward, so that the suspension screw drives the impact plate to move toward the rotor side, thereby reducing the distance between the impact plate and the rotor. When the distance between the impact plate and the rotor is increased, firstly, the adjusting frame is pushed out to the required adjustment distance by the impact plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder. Then, the inner clamping nut is screwed toward the rotor side until it contacts the housing. The impact plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder is retracted toward the rotor side to its original position, so that the inner clamping nut contacts the base frame. Finally, the outer clamping nut and the first protective sleeve are tightened toward the rotor side.
4. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spring screw assembly includes a spring screw that passes through the base frame and the adjustment frame. The spring screw is fixed inside the housing by threads and is also fixed to the base frame by a second locking nut. A pressure plate is provided on the top of the spring screw. A pressure cap and a second protective sleeve are provided above the pressure plate and threadedly connected to the spring screw. A spring is sleeved on the spring screw between the pressure plate and the adjustment frame. The pressure plate presses the spring with the pressure cap in the form of a nut. The end of the spring away from the pressure plate presses the adjustment frame onto the housing.
5. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The working method of the spring screw assembly includes the following steps: During normal production, the impact force formed by the material on the main body of the impact plate is less than the spring preload, and the main body of the impact plate remains stationary; when the crusher is hit by difficult-to-crush foreign objects or overloaded, the foreign objects or overloaded materials will be struck by the main body of the impact plate, causing a strong impact. When the impact force is greater than the spring's set preload, the spring will compress, thereby causing the main body of the impact plate to move backward, increasing the gap between the impact plate and the rotor, and partially discharging the foreign objects or overloaded materials. At this time, the pressure on the main body of the impact plate decreases, and the spring presses the main body of the impact plate back to its original position.
6. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The leveling plate section includes a leveling plate body; the leveling plate body includes a leveling plate frame, a bearing plate, and a rack; the leveling plate frame includes multiple supporting steel plates arranged at equal intervals and stiffening plates and crossbeams connecting them as a whole, thus forming the supporting skeleton of the entire leveling plate section; the upper part of the leveling plate frame is connected to the bearing plate, the front of the leveling plate frame is the leveling surface, and multiple crossbeams are fixed parallel to each other from top to bottom on the leveling surface according to a certain arc, all the crossbeams are arranged in an oblique tooth shape, and several racks are fixed on each crossbeam.
7. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The leveling plate section also includes a leveling plate adjustment and protection device, which includes two pairs of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders located on the back of the leveling plate body. Each pair of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders has a pair of slide rails in the corresponding housing below it. The slide rails include an upper slide rail and a lower slide rail. The upper part of the leveling plate body is connected to a pair of upper slide rails through a pair of upper support shafts, and the lower part of the leveling plate body is connected to a pair of levers through a pair of lower support shafts. The levers are connected to a pair of lower slide rails through hinge shafts. The two pairs of leveling plate adjustment hydraulic cylinders are connected to the upper and lower slide rails respectively through hydraulic cylinder pins. The middle swing shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged in the corresponding hinge plate of the housing.
8. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The leveling plate adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic station via a pipeline, and a nitrogen bladder is installed on the pipeline. When a foreign object enters the leveling plate area, if the pressure exerted by the foreign object on the leveling plate body is higher than the set value of the nitrogen bladder, the nitrogen bladder opens, the hydraulic cylinder retracts, the leveling plate body moves backward, the foreign object is discharged, and then the leveling plate body is pressed back.
9. The medium-hard rock impact crusher as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The housing includes a front part of the upper housing, a rear part of the upper housing, a lower housing part, and a liner assembly; a split surface is provided between the rear part of the upper housing and the lower housing part; stiffeners are added to the sides of the feed chute in the rear part of the upper housing, the parts of the upper housing that are severely impacted by materials in the front and rear parts of the upper housing, and the stress points in the rear part of the upper housing when the cover is being inspected; and the sides and ends of each component of the housing are connected by bolts.