Ecological agriculture planting greenhouse

Abstract

This invention relates to planting facilities, particularly to an ecological agricultural greenhouse, comprising a foundation, a frame on the foundation, a covering film on the frame, multiple planting troughs on the foundation, and reinforced channels along the edges of the planting troughs. From bottom to top, each planting trough has a hardened layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer, an upper buffer layer, a loosening layer, and a soil covering layer. During the harvesting of mature crops, the crop roots break through the soil covering layer, achieving a loosening effect. The reinforced channels allow for the passage of operators and equipment. Operators can move along the fixed channels to perform planting and harvesting operations without stepping on or crushing the planting troughs, thus reducing clogging and facilitating harvesting. This allows for multiple plantings without tilling. Multiple planting troughs allow for the separate planting of different crops, separated by reinforced channels and waterproof layers, and thus using different nutrient substrates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to planting facilities, and more particularly to ecological agricultural planting greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] Greenhouses are the main planting facilities for off-season crops, mainly including plastic greenhouses and glass houses. Plastic greenhouses mainly consist of a frame covered with a film, which has good heat preservation and moisture retention effects. The film is covered in winter and removed in summer, providing a foundation for the planting of off-season vegetables. Glass houses are mainly used for planting flowers and other landscape plants, and the temperature is controlled by a fresh air system.

[0003] Due to their crucial role in cultivating off-season and early-maturing crops, plastic greenhouses are widely used worldwide. To better utilize greenhouses, technicians in this field are constantly researching ways to improve their performance. For example, they are studying the greenhouse's frame structure to achieve greater stability; researching greenhouse planting methods to better adapt to multiple crops or increase the yield of a single crop; and researching greenhouse supporting systems, including temperature control, humidity control, carbon dioxide concentration control, soil moisture control, and light intensity control. These efforts have led to rapid development in greenhouse technology. However, because the benefits generated by greenhouses are limited, most existing greenhouse-related advancements are difficult to implement. For instance, installing lifting / tilting frames for planting inside greenhouses is prone to damage in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, is difficult to clean, has extremely poor operational stability, and cannot recoup costs. Installing tracks and harvesting machinery inside greenhouses requires extremely high stability in the greenhouse frame, increasing the cost of the greenhouse frame by more than five times, also making cost recovery impossible.

[0004] In addition, since the planting base inside the greenhouse needs to be tilled, the greenhouse often needs to be dismantled and tilled in the summer and reassembled in the winter. High-stability frames are generally not selected because high-stability frames often represent high complexity and weight. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an ecological agricultural greenhouse that does not require tilling.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: an ecological agricultural planting greenhouse, comprising a foundation, a frame set on the foundation, a covering film set on the frame, multiple planting troughs set on the foundation, reinforcement channels set on the edges of the planting troughs, and, from bottom to top, a hardening layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer, an upper buffer layer, a loose layer, and a soil covering layer set in each planting trough.

[0007] The hardened layer includes a compacted subsoil layer, which provides a flat foundation for the construction of the waterproof layer;

[0008] The waterproof layer extends to the opening on the planting trough and is used to prevent water in the planting trough from seeping outwards.

[0009] The protective layer includes a rigid board layer that covers the upper surface of the waterproof layer. The protective layer is used to prevent crop roots and planting equipment from damaging the waterproof layer.

[0010] The upper buffer layer includes a hard, large-particle layer with a particle size of 20-40 mm. The upper buffer layer is used to buffer the root system and the downward damage caused by planting instruments.

[0011] The loose layer includes a layer of hard small particles with a particle size of 1-3 mm. The loose layer is used to form water and fertilizer gaps, and the root system mainly exists in the loose layer.

[0012] The soil cover layer is used to provide nutrients for crop growth and to anchor the crop.

[0013] During the whole harvesting of mature crops, the crop roots break down the topsoil, achieving a loosening effect on the soil.

[0014] The reinforced passageway is for the passage of operators and equipment.

[0015] Furthermore, a support mesh layer is provided between the hardened layer and the waterproof layer, and the support mesh layer is used to support the waterproof layer as a whole.

[0016] Furthermore, the planting trough is a rectangular trough, and the planting troughs are continuously distributed along the length of the foundation, with an area of ​​3-6 square meters.

[0017] Furthermore, the planting troughs are arranged in two rows on both sides of the foundation. The frame includes multiple side columns, with a lower crossbeam between the upper ends of the side columns. An upper crossbeam is provided above the lower crossbeam. Multiple connecting columns are provided between the upper and lower crossbeams. The side columns are detachably installed between the lower crossbeam and the reinforcement channel. Multiple arc-shaped support rods are provided between the upper crossbeams on both sides. This configuration allows the harvesting machinery to enter the greenhouse from the side along the reinforcement channel after the corresponding side columns are disassembled.

[0018] Furthermore, a positioning plate is provided at the lower end of the side column, a pin hole is provided on the positioning plate, a positioning groove is provided at the upper end of the side column, and a positioning protrusion that cooperates with the positioning groove is provided on the lower crossbeam.

[0019] Furthermore, upward-facing side guard plates are provided on both sides of the upper end of the side column.

[0020] Furthermore, a central channel is formed between the two rows of planting troughs, and multiple functional troughs are provided in the central channel, including a water and fertilizer integrated machine installation trough, a fermentation trough, an earthworm breeding trough, and an electrical control box installation trough.

[0021] Furthermore, an irrigation device is provided between multiple planting troughs. The irrigation device includes an irrigation pipe extending to the planting trough, a water passage pipe installed parallel to the irrigation pipe, a three-way valve provided between the inlet end of the irrigation pipe and the water passage pipe, and a one-way valve provided between the inlet end of the irrigation pipe and the water passage pipe, the one-way valve pointing from the irrigation pipe to the water passage pipe.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: An ecological agricultural planting greenhouse includes a foundation, a frame on the foundation, a covering film on the frame, multiple planting troughs on the foundation, and reinforced channels along the edges of the planting troughs. From bottom to top, each planting trough has a hardened layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer, an upper buffer layer, a loosening layer, and a soil covering layer. During the harvesting of mature crops, the crop roots break the soil covering layer, achieving a loosening effect. The reinforced channels allow for the passage of operators and equipment. Operators can move along the fixed channels to perform planting and harvesting operations without stepping on or crushing the planting troughs, thus reducing caking and facilitating harvesting. This allows for multiple plantings without tilling. When tilling is not required, the frame does not need to be dismantled, allowing for a single installation and use for more than 5 years. Furthermore, the multiple planting troughs allow for the separate planting of different crops, separated by reinforced channels and waterproof layers, and thus using different nutrient substrates. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of planting troughs;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the skeleton in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the planting trough;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the functional slot;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the side column and the lower crossbeam;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side column structure;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the irrigation pipe and the water supply pipe.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the skeleton in Example 2;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the skeleton in Example 3.

[0033] The components include: 1. End wall; 2. Mulch; 3. Curtain; 4. Door; 5. Planting trough; 6. Reinforced passage; 7. Plain soil layer; 8. Subbase layer; 9. Side columns; 10. Lower crossbeam; 11. Connecting column; 12. Upper crossbeam; 13. Irrigation pipe; 14. Arc-shaped support rod; 15. Embedded pile; 16. Partition plate; 17. Wear-resistant plate; 18. Hardened layer; 19. Support mesh layer; 20. Waterproof layer; 21. Protective layer; 22. Upper buffer layer; 23. Loose layer; 24. Covering layer; 25. Cover plate; 26. Side guard plate; 27. Positioning protrusion; 28. Guide head; 29. ​​Positioning plate; 30. Water pipe; 31. Three-way valve; 32. One-way valve; 33. Removable insulation board; 34. Window; 35. Support column; 36. Diagonal brace. Detailed Implementation

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1-8As shown, an ecological agricultural greenhouse includes a foundation. The foundation is selected as a flat bottom or a gentle slope with a gradient of less than 2°. The foundation includes a soil layer 7, which is treated with insecticide to a depth of 400-500mm. Then, it is raised by 50-100mm to form a raised layer 8. The raised layer is compacted, and the greenhouse structure is installed on the raised layer to reduce the impact of water accumulation on the bottom of the greenhouse. A frame is installed on the foundation, and multiple planting troughs 5 are constructed on the foundation. Specifically, the planting troughs are rectangular troughs, continuously distributed along the length of the foundation, and arranged in two rows on both sides of the foundation. The area of ​​the planting trough is 3-6 square meters, preferably 1.3-1.6 square meters wide. The planting trough is 3-4m long, which is convenient for planting or harvesting from the reinforced channels on both sides. The length of the planting trough is determined according to the width of the greenhouse, which is generally 8-10m wide. The edge of the planting trough is reinforced with channels 6. The reinforced channels include multiple embedded piles 15 arranged along the reinforced channel. The embedded piles are covered with bricks or mortar to form a hardened reinforced channel. A wear-resistant layer 17 is also installed on the reinforced channel. The wear-resistant layer is made of galvanized sheet with a thickness of 4-5mm. It is bonded with mortar or embedded in the reinforced channel. The wear-resistant layer has good toughness, which can reduce damage and facilitate welding and drilling operations.

[0038] The planting trough consists of, from bottom to top, a hardened layer 18, a supporting mesh layer 19, a waterproof layer 20, a protective layer 21, an upper buffer layer 22, a loose layer 23, and a soil covering layer 24. The planting trough is 250-300mm deep above the hardened layer. The hardened layer includes a compacted subsoil layer, providing a level foundation for the waterproof layer construction. The supporting mesh layer uses 2-3 layers of folded dustproof netting, which has good tear resistance. The supporting mesh layer supports the waterproof layer and provides a buffer when laying the protective layer. The waterproof layer uses waterproof felt or... The material is directly cut from the greenhouse film. The waterproof layer extends to the opening of the planting trough, preventing water from seeping out and thus retaining water and fertilizer. The protective layer includes a rigid board layer, which can be made of wood or artificial stone, with a thickness of 8-10mm. Multiple boards are spliced ​​together. The rigid board layer covers the surface of the waterproof layer, preventing crop roots and planting equipment from damaging it. The upper buffer layer includes a rigid large-particle layer, 60-80mm thick. The diameter is 20-40mm, and mica sheets or broken tiles can be used. The upper buffer layer is used to buffer the roots and prevent damage from downward movement of planting equipment. Large gaps exist within the upper buffer layer, storing a large amount of water and fertilizer. The crop's roots extend into this layer, generally in a taproot state, so they have minimal impact on the upper buffer layer when pulled out. The loose layer includes a layer of hard, small particles, 100-150mm thick, with a particle size of 1-3mm. A mixture of river sand and native soil at a weight ratio of 2:1 is suitable. The loose layer helps to create gaps for water and fertilizer distribution. Fertilization is carried out from top to bottom, with water and fertilizer mainly existing within the root system and loose layer. The topsoil layer provides nutrients for crop growth and anchors the crop. The top of the topsoil layer is 30-40mm away from the upper surface of the reinforcement channel to prevent contamination of the reinforcement channel and flooding. During the harvesting of mature crops, the crop roots break through the topsoil layer, achieving a loosening effect. It is worth noting that the thickness of the topsoil layer and loose layer is selected according to the crop variety. For example, when planting root crops, a thicker topsoil layer is required to ensure that the roots are contained within it. Notably, the planting trough provided in this embodiment, after removing the loose layer and topsoil layer, forms a trough that can be used for aquaculture and as a base trough for mapless cultivation.

[0039] The reinforced channels are for the passage of operators and equipment. Multiple insertion holes are machined into the reinforced channels. When planting vine crops, support rods are installed between two adjacent reinforced channels to meet the climbing needs. The reinforced channels allow operators to move on the fixed channels to perform planting and harvesting operations without stepping on or crushing the planting troughs, thus reducing caking in the planting troughs and facilitating harvesting. This allows for multiple plantings without tilling. When tilling is not required, the framework does not need to be removed, achieving a one-time installation and use for more than 5 years. Multiple planting troughs are distributed to allow for the separate planting of different crops. Different crops are separated by reinforced channels and waterproof layers, allowing for the use of different nutrient substrates.

[0040] A frame is installed on the foundation, and a covering film 2 is installed on the outside of the frame. Specifically, the frame includes multiple side columns 9, a lower crossbeam 10 installed between the upper ends of the multiple side columns, an upper crossbeam 12 installed above the lower crossbeam, and multiple connecting columns 11 installed between the upper and lower crossbeams. The side columns are detachably installed between the lower crossbeam and the reinforcement channel. Multiple arc-shaped support rods 14 are installed between the upper crossbeams on both sides. After the corresponding side columns are removed, the harvesting machinery can enter the greenhouse from the side along the reinforcement channel. Specifically, the side columns are made of rectangular tubes, and the height of the side columns is 1000-1200mm. Positioning plates are fixed on both sides of the lower end of the side columns. The positioning plates are cut from angle iron, and the side wings are welded to the side columns 29. Pin holes are machined on the positioning plates. A guide head 28 is fixed at the lower end of the side column. The end of the guide head is arc-shaped. A positioning groove is formed at the upper end of the side column. A positioning protrusion that matches the positioning groove is fixed on the lower crossbeam. 27. During installation, first insert the positioning groove into the positioning protrusion, then swing the lower end of the side column to make it upright. Guided by the guide head, after adjustment, use the positioning pin to position the positioning plate and the reinforcement channel. The upper end is positioned by the positioning groove and the positioning protrusion. Positioning pins or bolts are also installed between the positioning protrusion and the positioning groove to ensure connection stability. The upper ends of the side columns are fixed with upward-facing side guard plates to improve stability. In addition, after the side columns are disassembled, they can be quickly moved to the side to form a temporary support. The lower end of the film is located at the side columns to form a continuous or discontinuous curtain 3. When it is necessary to enter the greenhouse from the side for harvesting, lift the curtain at the corresponding position, disassemble the side columns and move them to the nearby position, and then enter the greenhouse through the reinforcement channel to harvest the corresponding planting trough. During harvesting, shake off the planting base carried by the roots to facilitate operation. After harvesting, reset the position.

[0041] In this embodiment, a central channel is formed between the two rows of planting troughs. Multiple functional troughs are constructed within this central channel, including a water and fertilizer integrated machine installation trough, a fermentation trough, an earthworm breeding trough, and an electrical control box installation trough. Partitions 16 are installed at the bottom and sides of the functional troughs to prevent soil from entering. Covers 25 are installed on top of the functional troughs and are reinforced to prevent collapse due to trampling. A water and fertilizer integrated machine is installed in the water and fertilizer integrated machine installation trough, and water and fertilizer are then added to the planting troughs through pipelines. The fermentation trough is used to ferment waste plant roots, stems, and leaves, not only treating waste but also producing various microorganisms that can be added to the planting troughs. The fermentation trough generates a large amount of heat and carbon dioxide, which is released into the greenhouse to improve the crop's growing environment. Earthworms are cultivated in the earthworm breeding trough and then added to the planting troughs.

[0042] Irrigation devices are installed between multiple planting troughs. The irrigation devices are generally selected from sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and flood irrigation. In this embodiment, sprinkler irrigation is selected so as not to interfere with the planting troughs. The irrigation device includes an irrigation pipe 13 extending to the planting trough. The sprinkler irrigation pipe is connected to the water and fertilizer integrated machine. The irrigation pipe is installed on the frame by a cantilever, or it can be installed along the reinforcement channel. A water pipe 30 is installed parallel to the irrigation pipe. A three-way valve 31 is installed between the inlet end of the irrigation pipe and the water pipe. A one-way valve 32 is installed between the inlet end of the irrigation pipe and the water pipe. The one-way valve points from the irrigation pipe to the water pipe. With the installation of the water pipe, three-way valve, and one-way valve, the corresponding water and fertilizer are added to the water and fertilizer integrated machine for the planting trough that needs irrigation. When passing through other planting troughs, water flows through the water pipe and is then sprayed through the sprinkler irrigation pipe after reaching the planting trough, thereby achieving the purpose of precision irrigation and fertilization. The installation of the one-way valve can prevent water from entering the irrigation pipe from the end of the water pipe.

[0043] An end wall 1 is constructed at the end of the greenhouse and a door 4 is installed, which increases the overall stability and also serves as a marker. The ecological agricultural greenhouse provided in this embodiment is suitable for small-scale planting of various cash crops. In summer, only the covering film needs to be removed, and tilling is not required. To avoid sun exposure, a dustproof net or straw mat can be laid on the upper layer.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] like Figure 9 As shown, an ecological agricultural greenhouse differs from Embodiment 1 in that the curtain is replaced with multiple detachable insulation panels 33. The detachable insulation panels are snapped together with the side columns for easy disassembly. After disassembly, it is possible to enter the greenhouse for harvesting. The advantages are increased service life, and the detachable insulation panels can be used as trays for transporting crops, as well as as summer shade for planting troughs. A window 34 made of insulation panels is installed between the lower and upper crossbeams, which can be opened for ventilation and also facilitates the operation of the three-way valve.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] like Figure 10As shown, an ecological agricultural planting greenhouse differs from embodiments 1-2 in that, when the greenhouse is wider, a support column 35 is installed in the middle position, and the upper end of the support column is connected to the frame by a diagonal brace 36, thereby improving the overall stability.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological agricultural greenhouse, comprising a foundation, a frame erected on the foundation, and a covering film covering the frame, characterized in that, Multiple planting troughs are provided on the foundation, and the edges of the planting troughs are provided with reinforcement channels. From bottom to top, each planting trough is provided with a hardening layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer, an upper buffer layer, a loose layer, and a soil covering layer. The hardened layer includes a compacted subsoil layer, which provides a flat foundation for the construction of the waterproof layer; The waterproof layer extends to the opening on the planting trough and is used to prevent water in the planting trough from seeping outwards. The protective layer includes a rigid board layer that covers the upper surface of the waterproof layer. The protective layer is used to prevent crop roots and planting equipment from damaging the waterproof layer. The upper buffer layer includes a hard, large-particle layer with a particle size of 20-40 mm. The upper buffer layer is used to buffer the root system and the downward damage caused by planting instruments. The loose layer includes a layer of hard small particles; the particle size of the hard small particles is 1-3 mm, and the loose layer is used to form water and fertilizer gaps, and the root system mainly exists in the loose layer; The soil cover layer is used to provide nutrients for crop growth and to anchor the crop. During the whole harvesting of mature crops, the crop roots break down the topsoil, achieving a loosening effect on the soil. The reinforced passageway is for the passage of operators and equipment.

2. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support mesh layer is also provided between the hardened layer and the waterproof layer, and the support mesh layer is used to support the waterproof layer as a whole.

3. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting trough is a rectangular trough, which is continuously distributed along the length of the foundation, and the area of ​​the planting trough is 3-6 square meters.

4. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 3, characterized in that, The planting troughs are arranged in two rows on both sides of the foundation. The frame includes multiple side columns, with a lower crossbeam between the upper ends of the side columns. An upper crossbeam is provided above the lower crossbeam. Multiple connecting columns are provided between the upper and lower crossbeams. The side columns are detachably installed between the lower crossbeam and the reinforcement channel. Multiple arc-shaped support rods are provided between the upper crossbeams on both sides. This configuration allows the harvesting machinery to enter the greenhouse from the side along the reinforcement channel after the corresponding side columns are disassembled.

5. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower end of the side column is provided with a positioning plate, the positioning plate is provided with a pin hole, the upper end of the side column is provided with a positioning groove, and the lower crossbeam is provided with a positioning protrusion that cooperates with the positioning groove.

6. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper ends of the side columns are provided with upward-facing side guard plates on both sides.

7. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 3, characterized in that, A central channel is formed between the two rows of planting troughs. Multiple functional troughs are provided in the central channel, including a water and fertilizer integrated machine installation trough, a fermentation trough, an earthworm breeding trough, and an electrical control box installation trough.

8. The ecological agricultural planting greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, An irrigation device is provided between multiple planting troughs. The irrigation device includes an irrigation pipe extending to the planting trough, a water passage pipe installed parallel to the irrigation pipe, a three-way valve between the inlet end of the irrigation pipe and the water passage pipe, and a one-way valve between the inlet end of the irrigation pipe and the water passage pipe, the one-way valve pointing from the irrigation pipe to the water passage pipe.

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