Cactus cultivation method using perennial wild peanuts as grass

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of perennial wild peanuts as grass fire dragon fruit cultivation method, S1.selects ground, ground and ridge;S2.punching post, planting pitaya seedling;S3.transplanting wild peanuts: wild peanuts branch according to travel distance 20~25cm, plant distance 15~20cm in the strip ditch of pitaya garden;S4.water and fertilizer management;S5.mowing: when wild peanuts flower basically withers, leaf color presents old green as a whole, that is, the aboveground part of wild peanuts is mowed with mower and directly returned to field, underground part rhizome is retained and respectively in March, June, September and November every year, a total of 4 times mowing.The application adopts perennial rhizome area group wild peanuts A.glabrata (PI262801) intercropping cultivation pitaya, and the pitaya garden benefits for many years after grafting planting once, can inhibit weed growth, compared with other green manure, wild peanuts have good effect on deep soil improvement, and the effect is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a growing crop. Background Technology

[0002] Located in tropical and subtropical regions, Guangxi boasts abundant light, heat, and water resources, making it ideal for the growth of various tropical and subtropical fruits such as dragon fruit, longan, lychee, mango, and tangerines. In recent years, Guangxi's fruit industry has experienced continuous growth. According to statistics from the Guangxi Provincial Department of Agriculture's Fruit Office, in the past two years, Guangxi's fruit planting area has exceeded 20 million mu (approximately 1.3 million hectares), with a total output of over 24 million tons, making it one of China's most important fruit supply and export provinces. Among these, dragon fruit planting area reaches 341,100 mu (approximately 23,867 hectares), with a yield of 457,600 tons, making it one of the largest winter-ripening dragon fruit producing areas in China. The main producing areas are Nanning and Baise, and this region has seen one of the fastest growth rates in recent years. However, under the hot and humid climate, orchard weeds easily grow. Currently, control is mainly achieved through spraying herbicides or covering with black mulch. While these methods offer good short-term results, long-term use leads to problems such as decreased soil fertility, serious pesticide residues, and ecological degradation in orchards. Therefore, exploring new orchard management models for weed control is urgently needed.

[0003] Existing technologies also employ green manures such as alfalfa, white clover, and round-leaved cassia for cultivation. However, results show that different green manures have varying effects, including summer cooling and moisture retention, winter heat preservation and moisture retention, soil temperature, soil bulk density, soil moisture content, total soil porosity and capillary porosity, soil organic matter content, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc content, and weed suppression. Nevertheless, the cultivation results are generally better than the control method of clean cultivation. However, most of these green manures are currently annuals with a growth period of about four months, requiring multiple plantings throughout the year to achieve year-round weed control. Furthermore, some green manures, such as alfalfa, are not heat-tolerant and cannot grow during the hot summer months. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to seek a better grass cultivation model and research the optimal intercropping management method to improve the yield and quality of dragon fruit without the use of herbicides and manual weeding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention overcomes the technical problems of existing green manures, which are mostly annuals with a growth period of about 4 months, requiring multiple plantings throughout the year to achieve the purpose of weed control throughout the year. In addition, some green manures are not resistant to high temperatures and cannot grow in the hot summer season, resulting in poor grass cultivation effects. This invention provides a method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as grass.

[0005] A method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Site selection, land preparation, and ridging;

[0007] S2. Drill holes for the posts and plant the dragon fruit seedlings;

[0008] S3. Wild peanut cuttings transplanted: Wild peanut branches were planted in the trenches of the dragon fruit orchard in a "well" pattern with a row spacing of 20-25cm and a plant spacing of 15-20cm; the wild peanut referred to was the wild peanut germplasm of the rhizomes section (PI262801A. glabrata);

[0009] S4. Water and fertilizer management;

[0010] S5. Harvesting: When the wild peanut flowers have mostly withered and the leaves are generally dark green, use a lawnmower to cut the above-ground parts of the wild peanut and return them directly to the field. The underground rhizomes are retained and harvested four times a year in March, June, September and November.

[0011] Furthermore, the S5 harvesting and three-crop-per-year management method is as follows: After harvesting wild peanuts and returning them to the field in March each year, artificial lighting is provided to dragon fruit to induce flowering. The artificial lighting is stopped in mid-April. After the first crop of dragon fruit has enough flower buds, all flower buds that emerge from mid-July are removed. Wild peanuts are harvested around the time the dragon fruit matures in June. After the second crop of dragon fruit has enough flower buds, all flower buds that emerge from mid-September are removed. In September, after harvesting dragon fruit, wild peanuts are harvested. After harvesting wild peanuts, artificial lighting is provided to dragon fruit to induce flowering. The artificial lighting is stopped in late October. Wild peanuts are harvested in November. After the third crop of dragon fruit has enough flower buds, all dragon fruit flower buds that emerge from late November are removed.

[0012] Furthermore, in the S3 cuttings, the wild peanut branches are branches with 3-4cm underground rhizomes and 2-3 leaves.

[0013] Furthermore, in the S3 cuttings, the wild peanut branches were soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with a concentration of 50 mg / kg for 2-3 hours before being planted.

[0014] Furthermore, in S1, after ridging, weed control cloth is laid in advance, using the method of laying first and then planting. First, the land is prepared, and the trenching and ridging are completed to ensure that the ridge surface is flat. A 1-meter-wide bundle of ground cloth is laid flat in the middle of the ridge surface and fixed with ground nails. Then, holes are drilled in the middle of the ridge surface, i.e., the corresponding position of the ground cloth, and the planting is carried out.

[0015] Furthermore, in the S4. water and fertilizer management, after the wild peanuts have taken root, apply 50 kg / mu of urea and water thoroughly after fertilization to accelerate the dissolution and absorption of fertilizer.

[0016] Furthermore, in the S4. water and fertilizer management, 7.5-15 kg / plant of farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer before planting; after the dragon fruit roots, chemical fertilizer is applied as top dressing, twice a month, once with 25 g of urea and once with 50 g of compound fertilizer per plant, and the two fertilizers are used alternately.

[0017] Furthermore, in S4. Water and fertilizer management, the fertilizer management is as follows: a micro-sprinkler irrigation system is laid at the base of the dragon fruit seedlings. PVC pipes with 110mm necks are laid along the edge of the field perpendicular to the ridge surface, and sprinkler interfaces are reserved at the corresponding dragon fruit planting rows. The sprinkler tape is laid along the ridge surface at the base of the dragon fruit, and the top is connected to the reserved sprinkler interface; the length of each sprinkler tape is within 15 meters; water is applied regularly every week and thoroughly.

[0018] Furthermore, in S3. the transplanting of wild peanut cuttings, before transplanting the wild peanut cuttings, the soil on the dragon fruit bed should be loosened to keep the soil loose, and 10-15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer should be applied in the cutting trench. After transplanting the wild peanut branches, water should be applied immediately and thoroughly.

[0019] Furthermore, in the S2. perforated column, the columns for planting dragon fruit seedlings are set at 3m×2.5m for flat land and 2.2m×2.2m for mountainous land. The dragon fruit seedlings are planted by cuttings, with each dragon fruit branch cut into 25cm sections. After cutting, the sections are left to absorb water for 6-12 hours. Before planting, the branches are soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with a concentration of 50mg / kg for 1-2 hours. When the roots grow to 3-4cm, they are transplanted.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] (1) This invention uses perennial rhizomatous wild peanut (A. glabrata) (PI 262801) as an intercropping crop for dragon fruit. Wild peanut (A. glabrata) is a perennial leguminous crop. After one cutting planting and the seedlings survive, the orchard does not need to be planted again in the following year and the next few years, achieving one planting and many years of benefits for the orchard. The above-ground stems and leaves of wild peanut (A. glabrata) grow vigorously and cover the soil surface very well. The height of the above-ground stems and leaves is only 15-20cm, which will not affect the normal growth of the above-ground parts of the dragon fruit, nor will it affect the flowering and fruiting of the dragon fruit. The underground rhizomes also grow vigorously, intertwined and intertwined, which can suppress the growth of weeds from both underground and above-ground aspects. After cultivating wild peanut, there is no need to spray herbicides or manually weed. Many green manures mainly rely on vigorous above-ground growth to suppress weed growth. Moreover, compared with other green manures, wild peanut has a better effect on improving deep soil.

[0022] (2) Wild peanut A. glabrata is the most disease-resistant, drought-resistant and shade-tolerant germplasm material among peanuts. Since it is free from pests and diseases, it will not cause symbiotic pests and diseases or cause pests and diseases in dragon fruit when intercropped with dragon fruit. It does not require careful management. Many green manures have average resistance to pests and diseases and drought resistance, and require careful management. Some green manures may cause pests and diseases in dragon fruit.

[0023] (3) Wild peanut (A. glabrata) is an indeterminate plant. Due to its vigorous growth, the above-ground parts (stems and leaves) need to be cut periodically. The cut stems and leaves can be returned directly to the field surface or piled around the base of the dragon fruit plant to increase the organic matter content of the soil. Since the underground rhizomes are alive, they will continue to sprout a large number of tender stems and leaves rapidly. Most green manure plants are not indeterminate and grow until death according to their own growth cycle. Even if they need to be cut, the number of times they can be cut is limited, and the green manure plant dies after cutting, such as alfalfa and round-leaved cassia.

[0024] (4) Wild peanut A. glabrata is propagated by trenching in a "well" shape and by cuttings at a suitable row spacing. The underground rhizomes grow vigorously and wild peanuts cover the orchard quickly.

[0025] (5) When harvesting the above-ground parts of wild peanut (A. glabrata) according to this invention, the mower can be used to cut the above-ground stems and leaves close to the ground at the harvesting location. Regarding the harvesting time, the above-ground stems and leaves should be cut when the wild peanut flowers have mostly withered and the leaves are generally dark green. In southern Guangxi, such as Nanning, wild peanut (A. glabrata) generally takes nearly 3 months from the beginning of new shoots and flowering to the complete withering of flowers and the overall dark green color of the leaves. Therefore, the above-ground stems and leaves can be harvested 4 times a year, in early March, early June, early September, and late November. To coordinate with the management method of three crops a year, after harvesting the wild peanuts in early March, artificial lighting is used to induce flowering. Compared to when wild peanuts are abundant, artificial lighting to induce flowering is more effective. Furthermore, the slow decomposition of the wild peanuts after returning them to the field can serve as organic fertilizer for the first crop, promoting its growth. Harvesting in early June is ideal because of the long hours of sunshine and ample sunlight in June, eliminating the need for supplemental lighting to induce flowering. Furthermore, the newly grown stems and leaves after early June harvest will fully cover the orchard soil surface by July, effectively reducing soil surface temperature during the hot summer months of July and August and minimizing heat damage to the second crop. Harvesting wild peanuts in September, followed by artificial lighting to induce flowering, will result in newly grown stems and leaves fully covering the orchard soil surface by October, effectively retaining soil moisture during the autumn months of October and November. Harvesting again at the end of November and returning the harvested peanuts to the field will allow the newly grown stems and leaves to fully cover the orchard soil surface by the end of December and the beginning of January, providing excellent insulation and water retention during winter and promoting the growth of a third crop. This invention has found that different methods of harvesting wild peanuts have different effects on the yield and quality of dragon fruit. The present invention, combined with the management of three crops a year and harvesting four times a year in March, June, September and November, achieves the best yield and quality of dragon fruit.

[0026] (6) In this invention, after the mulch is made, a 1-meter mulch is laid flat on the ridge surface, which can effectively prevent wild peanuts from creeping and spreading downwards to the base of the dragon fruit stem and roots due to the above-ground stems. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and experiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop includes the following steps:

[0030] S1. Site selection, land preparation, and ridging;

[0031] Choose a location with convenient transportation and plenty of sunshine to build the garden. From a soil perspective, choose a deep, humus-rich, water-retaining, and fertilizer-retaining neutral or slightly acidic soil. When planting on a slope with a gradient greater than 15°, choose a south-facing, sunny slope and build terraces along the contour lines to ensure convenient irrigation and drainage.

[0032] Choose a sunny day for land preparation. One to two days before sowing, use a rotary tiller to till the land 1 to 2 times to ensure it is deep, loose, fine, crumbly, and level.

[0033] Dragon fruit cultivation mainly uses wide ridges and deep furrows to avoid waterlogging. There are two ridge-making methods: (1) Single-row planting on a single ridge, with a ridge width of 2.2 meters, a furrow width of 0.8 meters, a furrow depth of 0.5 meters, and a row-to-plant spacing of 3 meters * 2.5 meters. (2) Double-row planting on a single ridge, with a ridge width of 5 meters, a furrow width of 2 meters, a furrow depth of 1 meter, and a row-to-plant spacing of 3.5 meters * 2.5 meters. This embodiment uses single-row planting on a single ridge.

[0034] Mulching: Lay weed control fabric in advance, using a pre-laying-then-planting method. First, prepare the land by opening furrows and creating ridges, ensuring the ridge surface is flat. Lay a 1-meter-wide bundle of mulch fabric flat in the middle of the ridge surface and secure it with ground nails. Then, drill holes in the corresponding positions in the middle of the ridge surface (the middle of the mulch fabric) to erect posts and begin planting. In this embodiment, the mulch fabric is 1 meter in size. In other embodiments, it is preferred to be less than 1.2 meters. The purpose is to create a 50-60cm isolation zone around the dragon fruit, which can effectively prevent wild peanuts from creeping and rapidly spreading downwards to the base of the dragon fruit stem and roots, affecting the growth of the dragon fruit roots. Meanwhile, the branches and vines of wild peanuts on the ground can still be laid on the mulch fabric, covering as much of the orchard soil surface as possible.

[0035] S2. Drill holes for the support posts and plant the dragon fruit seedlings:

[0036] Dragon fruit cultivation requires climbing supports for stability, typically achieved through column planting. The specific procedure involves: strategically placing cement columns in the cultivation area, then planting seedlings around them. Once grown, the seedlings climb along the columns. The recommended column dimensions are 3m x 2.5m on flat ground and 2.2m x 2.2m on hillsides. Holes are left in the ground according to the column dimensions before planting the dragon fruit seedlings.

[0037] Dragon fruit seedlings are propagated by cuttings. The dragon fruit seedlings used are of the "Purple Dragon" variety. The cuttings are taken when the temperature is consistently above 15℃, preferably before or after rain. Cut dragon fruit branches into 25cm sections and let them sit for 12 hours to absorb moisture. Before planting, the branches can be soaked in a 50mg / kg ABT rooting powder solution for 2 hours for better rooting results. Transplant when the roots have grown to 3-4cm.

[0038] S3. Transplanting Wild Peanuts by Cuttings: Before transplanting wild peanuts by cuttings, loosen the soil in the dragon fruit beds to keep it loose, and apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre in the cutting furrows. To improve the survival rate and speed of transplanting wild peanut (A. glabrata), the wild peanut branches should have 3-4 cm of underground rhizomes and 2-3 leaves when transplanting. In addition, soak the branches in a 50 mg / kg ABT rooting powder solution for 2 hours. Then, insert the wild peanut branches into the furrows of the dragon fruit orchard with a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. After transplanting the wild peanut branches according to the optimal plant and row spacing, water them immediately and thoroughly.

[0039] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0040] Install a micro-sprinkler system at the base of the dragon fruit seedlings. Lay 110mm neck PVC pipes perpendicular to the ridges along the field edge, and reserve sprinkler interfaces at the corresponding dragon fruit planting rows. Lay the purchased sprinkler tape along the ridges at the base of the dragon fruit plants, connecting the top to the reserved sprinkler interfaces. To ensure irrigation coverage, each sprinkler tape should be no more than 15 meters long. Dragon fruit requires a lot of water during its growth process, so it should be watered regularly every week, ensuring thorough watering each time.

[0041] Before planting, apply farmyard manure as base fertilizer. Use 7.5 kg of self-fermented chicken manure per plant, or 15 kg of commercially available farmyard manure per plant. This example uses self-fermented chicken manure.

[0042] After the dragon fruit has rooted, start applying fertilizer. Before fruiting, mainly apply urea and compound fertilizer, twice a month. Apply 25g of urea and 50g of compound fertilizer per plant each time, alternating between the two fertilizers. Water immediately after fertilizing to accelerate fertilizer dissolution and absorption. Alternatively, the above fertilizers can be dissolved directly in water and applied as a water-fertilizer mixture, with about 1.5 kg of liquid fertilizer per plant each time.

[0043] To promote the rapid growth of wild peanuts, apply fertilizer once after the wild peanuts have taken root, that is, apply 50 kg of urea per mu. After fertilizing, water thoroughly to accelerate the dissolution and absorption of fertilizer.

[0044] S5. Harvesting: Based on the above-ground growth of wild peanut (A. glabrata), when the flowers have mostly withered and the leaves are generally dark green, the above-ground parts of the wild peanut are cut with a lawnmower and returned directly to the field. After the above-ground parts are cut, since the underground rhizomes of A. glabrata are still alive, they will quickly sprout a large number of tender stems and leaves and bloom profusely. When the wild peanut flowers have mostly withered and the leaves are generally dark green (generally taking 2-3 months), the above-ground parts of the wild peanut are cut again with a lawnmower and returned directly to the field. Considering the subtropical monsoon climate, with its high temperatures in the summer, water conservation in autumn, and warmth and moisture retention in winter, harvesting is done four times a year in March, June, September, and November. This is similar to the management method for dragon fruit, which produces three crops a year.

[0045] After harvesting wild peanuts and returning them to the field in early March each year, artificial lighting is used to induce flowering in dragon fruit. Lighting is stopped in mid-April. After the first crop of dragon fruit has had enough flower buds, all flower buds that emerge between mid-July and the harvest are removed. Harvesting in March provides good light induction for dragon fruit, and the slowly decomposing wild peanuts serve as organic fertilizer for the next crop, promoting its growth. Harvesting wild peanuts again around June, around the time the fruit matures, eliminates the need for additional lighting for dragon fruit. After the second crop of dragon fruit has had enough flower buds, all flower buds that emerge between mid-September and the harvest are removed. The newly grown wild peanut stems and leaves after the June harvest fully cover the orchard soil surface in July, effectively reducing soil saturation during the high temperatures of July and August. Surface temperature is reduced to minimize heat damage to the second crop of dragon fruit. In September, after harvesting the dragon fruit, wild peanuts are cut. After cutting, artificial lighting is provided to the dragon fruit to induce flowering, ending in late October. Wild peanuts are cut in November. After the third crop of dragon fruit has enough flower buds, all dragon fruit flower buds that emerge after late November are removed. The newly grown stems and leaves of wild peanuts cut in September can fully cover the orchard soil surface in October, effectively retaining soil moisture in autumn from October to November. After the wild peanuts are cut and returned to the field at the end of November, the newly grown wild peanut stems and leaves can fully cover the orchard soil surface at the end of December and the beginning of January, playing a good role in heat preservation and water retention in winter. In this embodiment of the management method for three crops of dragon fruit per year, the cultivation management during the relative dormancy period and the cultivation management during the new shoot growth period are existing technologies. The supplementary lighting technology, the overall fruiting branch rate of the whole orchard, the pest and disease control and other flower and fruit management technologies in the cultivation management of the first, second and third crop flowering and fruit development periods are all existing technologies. The management is carried out with reference to the group standard "Standardized Cultivation Technical Regulations for Three Crops of Dragon Fruit per Year" (draft for comments).

[0046] Experiment 1:

[0047] In order to study the effect of cutting method on the success rate and rooting rate, the inventors set up the following cutting cutting method and treatment method based on Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0048] Table 1. Success rate and rooting speed of cutting propagation

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 1, the survival rate of branches with above-ground stems including 3-4cm underground rhizomes and 2-3 leaves is higher than that of branches with only 2-3 leaves. After using rooting powder, the rooting time is increased by a full 5 days.

[0051] Experiment 2:

[0052] The higher the planting density, the faster the soil surface of the orchard is covered, but the more branches are needed. In order to balance the effects of the covering speed and the number of cuttings, the inventors set up different row spacing experiments based on Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0053] Table 2. Plant spacing, required number of branches, and time required to cover the orchard.

[0054]

[0055] Based on the results of the comparative experiment on plant spacing in Table 2, the optimal plant spacing was determined to be 20–25 cm for rows and 15–20 cm for plants, which translates to 20–33 cuttings per square meter. To accelerate the growth of wild peanut underground rhizomes and promote rapid orchard coverage, cutting trenches were dug in a grid pattern (15–20 × 20–25 cm) according to the experimental data on the optimal plant spacing.

[0056] Experiment 3:

[0057] To investigate the effects of intercropping perennial wild peanut (A. glabrata) with dragon fruit orchards under different cultivation and clean cultivation models, as well as different green manure cultivation models, on soil fertility, enzyme activity, and microbial content, the inventors, in March, planted perennial wild peanut (A. glabrata) and alfalfa and cassia japonica for weed control in a dragon fruit orchard at the Lijian Science and Technology Demonstration Base of the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, following the cultivation method described in Example 1. (The cultivation methods for alfalfa and cassia japonica differed from those for wild peanut cultivation in that: 1. Alfalfa and cassia japonica were cultivated by sowing; before sowing, the soil surface of the dragon fruit beds was loosened to maintain soil looseness, and compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu; at sowing, the seeds were soaked and mixed with the soil, and the mixed seeds were sown on the soil surface.) 1. Surface, then thoroughly water. 2. The cutting method is as follows: when alfalfa and round-leaved cassia reach a height of 30-40cm, cut them and cover them in the field. 3. Because alfalfa and round-leaved cassia have poor growth and may even die after repeated cutting, in this experimental study, every March, the planting areas of alfalfa and round-leaved cassia were loosened and fertilized again before sowing alfalfa and round-leaved cassia. Other water management and dragon fruit cultivation methods were the same as in Example 1). Three months later, wild peanuts covered the entire orchard, establishing an orchard grass cultivation model with significant weed control effect. The other two green manures also showed some effectiveness. In July of the following year, soil samples were taken from the 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–20 cm tillage layers of the dragon fruit orchard under four cultivation models: wild peanut, dragon fruit alfalfa, dragon fruit cassia, and clean cultivation. Microbial culture, enzyme activity determination, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient analysis were conducted. With clean cultivation as a control, the cultivation model using wild peanut as a cover crop significantly increased the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the orchard's tillage layer. The most significant increase was observed in the 0–5 cm tillage layer. The hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 30.97%, available phosphorus by 143.94%, and available potassium by 150.28% compared to clean cultivation. The increase in hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium was even greater when wild peanut was intercropped than when alfalfa or cassia was intercropped. Regarding soil enzyme activity, the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase in the 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm tillage layers of wild peanut cultivation were significantly higher than those in the clean-cultivation control. Compared with alfalfa and round-leaf cassia cultivation models, the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase in wild peanut soil showed a more significant increase. The original data are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0058] Table 3. Soil nutrient content in different tillage layers under two cultivation modes: grass cover cultivation and clean cultivation in dragon fruit orchards.

[0059]

[0060] Table 4. Determination of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in different tillage layers under four cultivation modes: grass cultivation, clean cultivation, and soil microbial activity in dragon fruit orchards.

[0061]

[0062] Simultaneously, fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes in the topsoil were cultured. Compared with clean cultivation, using wild peanut (A. glabrata) as cover crop significantly increased the number of microorganisms in the topsoil. Specifically, the number of bacteria in the 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm topsoil layers was twice that of clean cultivation, and the number of fungi and actinomycetes was three times that of clean cultivation. Compared with the other two green manure cultivation methods, wild peanut was more effective in increasing the number of soil microorganisms. Specific data are shown in Table 5 below.

[0063] Table 5. Determination of soil microbial abundance in different tillage layers under four cultivation modes: grass cover cultivation, clean cultivation, and dragon fruit orchard cultivation.

[0064]

[0065] The temperature of the topsoil (0-5 cm) in the orchard was measured and tracked at noon from January to December of the year following the planting of wild peanut cuttings. The average temperature results are shown in Table 6. The table shows that the topsoil in orchards intercropped with perennial wild peanuts was relatively stable. Compared to the clean-cultivation control, the other two green manure cultivation methods had a cooling effect in summer and a warming effect in winter. Intercropping with alfalfa and round-leaved cassia also resulted in more stable temperatures than the clean-cultivation control, but still less stable than intercropping with perennial wild peanuts.

[0066] Table 6. Temperature Measurement of Topsoil (0–5 cm) under Four Cultivation Modes in Dragon Fruit Orchards: Grass Cultivation and Clean Cultivation

[0067]

[0068] The data above shows that intercropping perennial wild peanuts in dragon fruit orchards not only effectively controls weed growth but also increases soil fertility, enhances soil enzyme activity, increases the number of soil microorganisms, and regulates surface soil temperature, thereby improving the soil microecology of the dragon fruit orchard. This method has technological advantages compared to other green manure cultivation methods.

[0069] Experiment 4:

[0070] To investigate the effects of different harvesting methods of wild peanuts on the annual yield per acre, average single fruit weight, pericarp thickness, fruit firmness, soluble solids, soluble sugars, and titratable acidity of dragon fruit, the inventors, based on Example 1, set up the following different harvesting methods for wild peanuts, and the results are shown in Table 7 below:

[0071] Harvesting Method 1: The first harvest is in early March, and thereafter, wild flowers should be harvested whenever they grow to a height of 18cm.

[0072] Harvesting Method 2: Harvest three times a year, specifically after the dragon fruit has fully blossomed in the third crop, namely between late April and mid-May, in early to mid-August, and once between late October and early November.

[0073] Table 7. Effects of different wild peanut harvesting methods on dragon fruit yield and quality.

[0074]

[0075] Note: All data in Table 7 were collected in the third year after dragon fruit cultivation. The average single fruit weight, peel thickness, fruit firmness, soluble solids, soluble sugar and titratable acid were measured by sampling 20 fruits from three different harvests. The average value of the measurements is the data in Table 7.

[0076] As shown in Table 7, the harvesting method of this invention, combined with the three-crop fruit management method, yields the best results in dragon fruit production and quality. However, in harvesting method 1, when wild peanut plants are harvested at 18cm, the wild peanut plants themselves have little impact on the flowering and fruit retention of dragon fruit, resulting in a higher number of dragon fruits (yield per acre / average single fruit weight). While the overall yield is slightly lower than in Example 1, the single fruit weight, soluble solids content, soluble sugar, and titratable acidity of the dragon fruit are all inferior to those in this application. The inventors speculate that this may be due to the interaction between the wild peanut plants and the surrounding environment during harvesting. The inconsistent organic matter content of peanut plants after decay, when the flowers have mostly withered and the leaves are generally dark green, results in inconsistent organic fertilizer fertility for the dragon fruit. This could be due to the failure to take into account the subtropical monsoon climate conditions during harvesting according to Method 1. Another reason might be that harvesting alters the light environment of the dragon fruit, and the light environment changed by Method 1 may not be suitable for the photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves required for dragon fruit development, thus leading to poorer indicators. Compared to Example 1, Method 2 significantly reduced the yield per acre and the average weight of a single fruit. The inventors believe this is because harvesting wild peanuts after full bloom interferes with the dragon fruit's flowering, and the temperature and humidity regulation after harvesting is not optimal for the dragon fruit's flowering, fruiting, and production periods, resulting in poor dragon fruit quality.

[0077] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a growing crop, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Site selection, land preparation, and ridging; S2. Drill holes for the posts and plant the dragon fruit seedlings; S3. Transplanting wild peanut cuttings: Wild peanut branches are inserted into the furrows of the dragon fruit orchard in a crisscross pattern with a row spacing of 20-25cm and a plant spacing of 15-20cm; the wild peanut referred to is the wild peanut germplasm of the rhizosphere section (PI 262801). A. glabrata ); S4. Water and fertilizer management; S5. Harvesting: When the wild peanut flowers have mostly withered and the leaves are generally dark green, the above-ground parts of the wild peanuts are cut with a lawnmower and returned directly to the field. The underground rhizomes are retained and harvested four times a year in March, June, September, and November. The S5 harvesting method, combined with the management of three crops a year, is as follows: After harvesting the wild peanuts and returning them to the field in March each year, artificial lighting is provided to induce flowering in dragon fruit. The artificial lighting is stopped in mid-April, and the first crop of dragon fruit... After leaving enough flower buds, remove all flower buds that emerge by mid-July; harvest wild peanuts around the time the dragon fruit ripens in June; after leaving enough flower buds for the second crop of dragon fruit, remove all flower buds that emerge by mid-September; in September, harvest wild peanuts after harvesting dragon fruit, and then begin artificial lighting to induce flowering in dragon fruit, ending in late October; harvest wild peanuts in November; after leaving enough flower buds for the third crop of dragon fruit, remove all dragon fruit flower buds that emerge after late November.

2. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S3 cuttings, the wild peanut branches are those with 3-4cm underground rhizomes and 2-3 leaves.

3. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, For the S3 cuttings, the wild peanut branches were soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with a concentration of 50 mg / kg for 2-3 hours before being planted.

4. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, after ridging, weed control cloth is laid in advance, using the method of laying first and then planting. First, the land is prepared, and the furrows and ridges are completed to ensure that the ridge surface is flat. A 1-meter-wide bundle of cloth is laid flat on the ridge surface in the middle of the ridge surface and fixed with ground nails. Then, holes are drilled in the middle of the ridge surface, i.e., in the middle of the cloth, and posts are erected and planting is carried out.

5. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S4. water and fertilizer management, after the wild peanuts have taken root, apply 50 kg / mu of urea and water thoroughly after fertilization to accelerate the dissolution and absorption of fertilizer.

6. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S4. water and fertilizer management, apply 7.5~15kg / plant of farmyard manure as base fertilizer before planting; after the dragon fruit roots, start to apply chemical fertilizer, twice a month, once with 25g of urea and once with 50g of compound fertilizer per plant, and use the two fertilizers alternately.

7. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S4. water and fertilizer management, the fertilizer management is as follows: a micro-sprinkler irrigation system is laid at the base of the dragon fruit seedlings. PVC pipes with 110mm necks are laid along the edge of the field perpendicular to the ridge surface, and sprinkler interfaces are reserved at the corresponding dragon fruit planting rows. The sprinkler tape is laid along the ridge surface at the base of the dragon fruit, and the top is connected to the reserved sprinkler interface. The length of each sprinkler tape is within 15 meters. Water is applied regularly every week and the soil is thoroughly soaked.

8. The method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S3. cutting and transplanting of wild peanuts, before cutting and transplanting wild peanuts, loosen the soil on the dragon fruit bed to keep the soil loose, and apply 10-15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer in the cutting trench. After cutting and transplanting wild peanut branches, water them immediately and thoroughly.

9. A method for cultivating dragon fruit using perennial wild peanut as a cover crop, as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In the S2. Drilled pillars, for planting dragon fruit seedlings, the pillars are set at 3m×2.5m for flat land cultivation and 2.2m×2.2m for mountainous land cultivation. The dragon fruit seedlings are planted by cuttings, with each dragon fruit branch cut into 25cm sections. After cutting, the sections are left to absorb water for 6-12 hours. Before planting, the branches are soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with a concentration of 50mg / kg for 1-2 hours. When the roots grow to 3-4cm, they are transplanted.

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