A compound fertilizer and its application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compound fertilizer and its application, belonging to the field of agricultural technology. The compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to effective phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is (1-10):(1-5). The present invention also proposes an application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in planting sunflowers. The compound fertilizer proposed by the present invention can effectively reduce the number and dry weight of sunflower broomrape parasites.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a compound fertilizer and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sunflower, also known as sunflower, belongs to the Asteraceae family and the genus Helianthus. It is an annual dicotyledonous herb native to North America. It is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and salt-alkali-resistant, so it is widely planted around the world. With the gradual expansion of the sunflower planting area, problems such as the increasing severity of diseases and the difficulty of crop rotation have followed one after another. Among them, the problem of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumanaWallr) is one of the most important factors restricting the development of the sunflower industry. Broomrape is completely dependent on the host to provide water, carbohydrates and minerals for growth, and is considered a fatal threat to some crops. In northwest China, many crops are affected by Broomrape, resulting in reduced yield and quality. The parasitism rate of sunflower broomrape in most farmlands in Xinjiang exceeds 50%, and the parasitism rate of Broomrape in more than 50% of farmlands is above 75%. The number of Broomrape parasitized on a single sunflower is as many as 115, which can reduce crop yield by more than 60%. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the largest sunflower planting area in my country, accounting for about 40% of the national planting area. Due to improper introduction and backward quarantine level, the occurrence area of ​​sunflower broomrape in Inner Mongolia has been expanding year by year. Among them, Bayannur City is the main sunflower production area in Inner Mongolia. Due to the parasitism of sunflower broomrape, the sunflower production has been reduced by about 40%.

[0003] Since the number of Orobanche seeds is huge and they survive underground for a long time, a single Orobanche plant can produce more than 270,000 seeds, so it is not easy to effectively control Orobanche. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. Plants lacking nitrogen or phosphorus will increase the secretion of strigolactones, so Orobanche parasitism is serious in soils lacking nitrogen or phosphorus. Therefore, it is particularly important to fertilize with a reasonable nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies, provide a compound fertilizer and its application, and solve the technical problem in the prior art that parasitism of Broomrape causes reduction in sunflower yield.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution of the present invention provides a compound fertilizer, including nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to effective phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is (1-10): (1-5).

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is (1-10):400.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes one or two of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of effective silicon in one or both of the silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 to effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is (0.04-1.6):(1-10).

[0009] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the effective phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is 10:1 or 1:5.

[0010] In addition, the present invention also proposes an application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in planting sunflowers.

[0011] Furthermore, in the compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is mixed with the soil at 0.05g / kg-0.5g / kg of available nitrogen; and / or phosphorus fertilizer is mixed with the soil at 0.05g / kg-0.3g / kg of available phosphorus; and / or organic fertilizer is mixed with the soil at 20-30g / kg.

[0012] Furthermore, in the compound fertilizer, one or both of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 are mixed with the soil according to 0.04g / kg-1.6g / kg of effective silicon.

[0013] Furthermore, the components are mixed according to the dosage ratio of each fertilizer and soil, and potted, and then left to stand, and then sunflower seeds are sown, and watered every day. After watering for 7-10 days, 2 seedlings are retained in each pot, and when the seedlings grow to 9-12 cm, each pot is thinned to 1 seedling.

[0014] Furthermore, the standing time is 7-8 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of sunflower seeds sown is 4-5.

[0016] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in the compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied at an effective nitrogen content of 1kg / mu-5kg / mu, phosphorus fertilizer is applied at an effective phosphorus content of 4kg / mu-5kg / mu, and silicon fertilizer is applied at a content of 1kg / mu-2kg / mu.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: the present invention proposes a compound fertilizer, including nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the effective phosphorus in the phosphorus fertilizer is (1-10):(1-5), the mass ratio of the effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is (1-10):400, and the compound fertilizer with this formula can effectively reduce the number and dry weight of sunflower broomrape parasites. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The figure shows the effects of fertilizers with different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios on the number (A) and dry weight (B) of parasitic sunflower Orobanche in Example 1 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05, n=10).

[0019] Figure 2 The figure shows the effects of fertilizers with different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios on plant height (A), aboveground dry weight (B) and root dry weight (C) of sunflower in Example 1 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=10.

[0020] Figure 3 This is the effect of fertilizers with different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios on the contents of malondialdehyde (A), superoxide anion (B) and hydrogen peroxide (C) in sunflower leaves in Example 1 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=5.

[0021] Figure 4 The figure shows the effects of fertilizers with different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios on peroxidase (A), superoxide dismutase (B) and catalase (C) in sunflower leaves in Example 1 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and n=5.

[0022] Figure 5 This is the effect of silicon dioxide in Example 2 of the present invention on the parasitic number (A) and dry weight (B) of sunflower Orobanche, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences P<0.05, n=10.

[0023] Figure 6 The figure shows the effect of silicon dioxide in Example 2 of the present invention on plant height (A), aboveground dry weight (B) and root dry weight (C) of sunflower. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=10.

[0024] Figure 7 This is the effect of silicon dioxide in Example 2 of the present invention on malondialdehyde (A), superoxide anion (B) and hydrogen peroxide (C) in sunflower leaves. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=5.

[0025] Figure 8 The figure shows the effect of silicon dioxide in Example 2 of the present invention on peroxidase (A), superoxide dismutase (B) and catalase (C) in sunflower leaves. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=5.

[0026] Fig. 9 This is the effect of the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and silicon fertilizers on the number of parasitic plants (A) and fresh weight (B) of Orobanche in Example 2 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=30.

[0027] Fig.10 This is the effect of the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and silicon fertilizers on the growth of sunflower in Example 2 of the present invention (A: disk diameter; B: plant height; C: stem diameter; D: disk weight; E: stem and leaf weight; F: root fresh weight), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences P<0.05, n=30.

[0028] Fig.11 This is the effect of the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with silicon fertilizers on the seed size (A) and yield (B) of a single sunflower plant in Example 2 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0029] Fig.12 This is the effect of the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and silicon fertilizers on crude protein (A) and crude fat (B) in sunflower seeds in Example 2 of the present invention. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), n=5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] This specific embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, including nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to effective phosphorus in the phosphorus fertilizer is (1-10): (1-5).

[0031] In some embodiments, organic fertilizer is further included, and the mass ratio of the effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is (1-10):400.

[0032] Silicon is believed to play a role in biological stress resistance in two ways. The first is to form a mechanical barrier, and the second is to regulate plant stress response. Silicon can be observed in various plant tissues, but in phloem fiber cells, deposition obviously occurs at the far end of the cell wall. The silicon deposited around the cell wall is believed to enhance the mechanical strength of the plant, which will help the plant resist parasitism. The present invention has conducted relevant research on how to effectively utilize it in fertilizers.

[0033] In some embodiments, one or both of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 are also included; the mass ratio of effective silicon in one or both of the silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 to effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is (0.04-1.6):(1-10).

[0034] In certain embodiments, the mass ratio of the available nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the available phosphorus in the phosphorus fertilizer is 10:1 or 1:5.

[0035] This specific implementation also proposes an application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in planting sunflowers.

[0036] In the application, the nitrogen fertilizer in the compound fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 0.05g / kg-0.5g / kg of effective nitrogen; and / or, the phosphorus fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 0.05g / kg-0.3g / kg of effective phosphorus; and / or, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 20-30g / kg; in the compound fertilizer, one or two of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 are mixed with the soil according to 0.04g / kg-1.6g / kg of effective silicon; the application further includes: mixing the components according to the dosage ratio of each fertilizer and soil and putting them into pots, then letting them stand for 7-8 days, then sowing 4-5 sunflower seeds, watering every day, and after 7-10 days of watering, retaining 2 seedlings in each pot, and when the seedlings grow to 9-12cm, thinning out each pot to 1 seed.

[0037] When sunflowers are planted directly in the field, the compound fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer at an effective nitrogen content of 1kg / mu to 5kg / mu, phosphorus fertilizer at an effective phosphorus content of 4kg / mu to 5kg / mu, and silicon fertilizer at a content of 1kg / mu to 2kg / mu.

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] 1 Materials and methods

[0040] The materials used in this study include: SH363 edible sunflower seeds (purchased from Sanrui Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.); sunflower broomcorn seeds (collected in 2021 from farmland severely infested by broomcorn in Dengkou County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia); nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2≥99%, purchased from Wuxi Taipeng Metal Materials Co., Ltd.); silicon fertilizer (SiO2≥27%, purchased from Xi'an Shengda Baisen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); urea (N≥46%, purchased from China National Petroleum Corporation); superphosphate (P2O5≥12%, purchased from Shaanxi Bangtian Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0041] It should be noted that the organic fertilizer components in the following embodiments mainly include cow dung, organic content ≥40%, ammonia, phosphorus and potassium ≥5%, and moisture ≤30%.

[0042] Example 1 Screening of nitrogen-phosphorus ratio

[0043] 1.1 Potted experiment design

[0044] The plough layer soil of local farmland in Yangling was collected as the test soil. The soil type was Lou soil. The soil used in the test was sieved through a 5mm sieve for later use. Organic fertilizer and Orobanche seeds were mixed with the soil at 20g / kg and 3.4mg / kg respectively. Since Orobanche seeds are light in weight, a small portion of soil should be mixed with Orobanche seeds first and then mixed step by step. The experimental treatment groups are shown in Table 1, that is, 1.185g / kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.450g / kg of phosphate fertilizer were added to make the effective nitrogen / effective phosphorus = 1:1 (Control); 1.087g / kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.833g / kg of phosphate fertilizer were added to make the effective nitrogen / effective phosphorus = 10:1 (N10P1); 0.652g / kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 2.5g / kg of phosphate fertilizer were added to make the effective nitrogen / effective phosphorus = 5:1 (N5P1); 0.217g / kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 4.167g / kg of phosphate fertilizer were added to make the effective nitrogen / effective phosphorus = 1:5 (N1P5); 0.117g / kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 4.542g / kg of phosphate fertilizer were added to make the effective nitrogen / effective phosphorus = 1:10 (N1P10). Each portion of the mixed soil was placed into flower pots (22 cm in diameter and 25 cm in height) at a rate of 7 kg / pot. Ten pots were placed in each treatment. After standing for one week, sowing began. The amount of fertilizer applied was as shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Fertilizer application amount for experimental treatment groups

[0046]

[0047] After the soil has been left to stand for a week, plant 4 full sunflower seeds in each pot in April 2022, evenly distribute them, and cover them with a layer of dry soil. Water on time every day. After about 7-10 days, when almost all the seeds have germinated, keep 2 well-growing and uniform seedlings in each pot. When the seedlings grow to about 10 cm, thin out the seedlings to 1 in each pot. After that, observe the growth of sunflowers every day, water them on time and as needed, and regularly exchange the positions of each treatment to minimize the impact of the environment on the test results.

[0048] 1.2 Effects of fertilizers with different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios on the growth and physiological parameters of sunflower

[0049] Samples were collected during the flowering period of sunflower (about 60 days). The 3rd to 4th leaves of the sunflower from the top were collected and transported back to the laboratory for frozen storage at low temperature to measure physiological indicators (superoxide anion content, malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, POD activity, SOD activity and CAT activity); the above-ground and underground parts of sunflowers were collected to measure the plant height, above-ground dry weight and root dry weight of sunflowers; the parasitic Broomrape of each treatment was collected to count the number of parasitic Broomrape and the dry weight of Broomrape.

[0050] 1.2.1 Peroxidase (POD) activity assay

[0051] Take the sunflower leaves to be tested, chop them up and mix them evenly, weigh 0.5-1.0g in a mortar, add a small amount of quartz sand, CaCO3 and an appropriate amount of distilled water, grind and homogenize in an ice bath, quantify the distilled water to 50mL, shake well and centrifuge, the supernatant is the enzyme solution to be tested. Take 6 20mL stoppered test tubes, 3 for measurement (three replicates), and 3 for blank control. Add 1.0mL of enzyme solution, 1.0mL of 0.1% guaiacol, and 6.9mL of distilled water to each, shake well, add 1.0mL of 0.18% H2O2 (do not add to the blank tube, add 1.0mL of distilled water), shake well (time), react accurately for 10min at 25℃, and add 0.2mL of 5% metaphosphoric acid to terminate the reaction. Measure the 3 test tubes and the blank control tube on the spectrophotometer. Calculation of results: POD activity (μg·g -1 FW·min -1 )=(X-X0)·Vt / / (FW·Vs·t)(X: tetra-o-methoxyphenol content in the test tube, mL; X0: tetra-o-methoxyphenol content in the control, μg; Vt: total volume of enzyme solution, mL; Vs: amount of enzyme solution taken during the test, mL; t: enzyme action time, min)

[0052] 1.2.2 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay

[0053] Take the sunflower leaves to be tested, chop them up and mix them evenly, weigh 0.5g of the plant material in a pre-cooled mortar, add 2mL of pre-cooled extraction medium to grind the slurry in an ice bath, transfer to a 10mL volumetric flask, rinse the mortar with the extraction medium 2-3 times (1-2mL each time), combine the rinse solution and make up to 10mL in the volumetric flask. Take 5mL of the extract and centrifuge at 10000rpm for 15min at 4℃, and the supernatant is the crude SOD extract. Take 6 20mL stoppered test tubes, 3 for determination (three replicates), and 3 for blank control. Add 1.5mL of phosphate buffer (pH=7.8), 0.3mL of 1.94% methionine (Met) solution, 0.3mL of 0.06% NBT solution, 0.3mL of 0.04% EDTA-Na2 solution, 0.3mL of 0.75% riboflavin solution, and 0.6mL of distilled water to each tube, and then add 0.1mL of crude enzyme solution to the determination tube. Place the test tube under a 4000Ix fluorescent lamp for a color reaction for 15 to 20 minutes (the lighting of each tube must be consistent, and the reaction temperature must be controlled between 25 and 35°C. Adjust the reaction time appropriately according to the reaction color of the control tube under light and the level of enzyme activity). After the reaction is completed, cover the test tube with a black cloth to terminate the reaction. Adjust the 0 tube in the dark (zero adjustment), measure the absorbance of the reaction solution in test tubes 1 to 6 at 560m, and record the measurement data. Calculate the results:

[0054] SOD activity [U / (g FW·h)] = (A0-A s )·Vt·60 / (A0·0.5·W·Vs ·t)(A0:

[0055] Absorbance value of the control group; A s : Absorbance value of the measuring tube; V t : Total volume of enzyme extract, mL; V s : volume of crude enzyme solution during determination, mL; t: light reaction time, min; W: fresh weight of sample, g)

[0056] 1.2.3 Catalase (CAT) activity assay

[0057] Take the sunflower leaves to be tested, chop them up and mix them evenly. Weigh 1g of plant material in a pre-cooled mortar, add an appropriate amount of phosphate buffer and a small amount of quartz sand, grind and homogenize on an ice bath, transfer to a 10mL volumetric flask and rinse the mortar 2-3 times with phosphate buffer (12mL each time), combine the rinse liquid in a volumetric flask, make up to 10mL, and shake well. Take 5mL of the extract in a centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4℃ and 15000r / min for 15min. The supernatant is the enzyme extract and is stored at 4℃ for later use. Take a 10mL stoppered test tube, add 2mL of enzyme extract, heat and boil in a boiling water bath, cool and set aside. Take 7 10mL test tubes, 3 of which are used to measure the maximum amount of H2O2 added, 3 of which are used to measure the amount of H2O2 remaining after the enzymatic reaction, and 1 is used as a zero adjustment tube. Add 3mL of 20mmol / LTris-HCl buffer, 1mL of enzyme extract, and 1.9mL of 6.67% H2O2 solution respectively, preheat in a 25℃ water bath for 3min, then add 0.2mL of 200mmol / L H2O2 solution to each tube, and immediately measure A240 on a UV spectrophotometer after adding each tube, reading once every 30s for a total of 3min, and record the measured values ​​of 6 test tubes. Result calculation:

[0058] CAT activity [U / (g FW·min)] = △A 240 ·V t / (0.1·V s ·t·W)(A S0 :cook

[0059] Absorbance value of dead enzyme solution control tube; △A 240 : The difference in absorbance between the measuring tubes; V t : Total volume of enzyme extract, mL; V s : volume of crude enzyme solution during determination, mL; t: light reaction time, min; W: fresh weight of sample, g)

[0060] 1.2.4 Superoxide anion content (O2 - ) determination

[0061] Take the sunflower leaves to be tested, wash and cut them into pieces, weigh 1g of plant material in a pre-cooled mortar, add a small amount of 50mmol / L pre-cooled phosphate buffer (pH=7.8), grind it into a homogenate at 4℃, and finally adjust the volume to 5mL (Vt1). After shaking, take part of the solution and centrifuge it at 4℃ for 20min. The supernatant is the extract containing oxygen free radicals. Take 4 test tubes, number 0 to 3, and accurately add 2mL of sample extract (Vs) to tubes 1 to 3 respectively, add 2mL of distilled water to tube 0, and then add 1.5mL of 50mmol / L phosphate buffer and 1mL of 1mmol / L hydroxylamine hydrochloride to each tube (the total volume of the reaction system is 4.5mL, recorded as Vt), mix well, and place it at 25℃ for 1h to determine the amount of nitrite generated. Take another 4 test tubes, number 0 to 3. Take 2mL of the reaction solution from the previous step (Vs) each. s2 ), then add 17mmol / L p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid 1mL and 7mmol / L α-theanine 1mL to each tube, mix well, place at 25℃ for 20min, adjust to 0 with tube 0, and measure the absorbance (A) at a wavelength of 530nm. Calculate the results:

[0062] O2 - Content (nmol / g FW) = 1.39·(C standard·V t1 ·V t2 ) / (W·V s1 ·V s2 )(C

[0063] Standard: According to the NO2 obtained by the standard curve - Amount, mmol; V t1 : The volume when extracting superoxide radicals, mL; V S1 : The volume of the extract taken during the determination, mL; V t2 : Total volume of the system during nitrite generation reaction, mL; V s2 : The amount of nitrite reaction system used in the determination, mL; W fresh weight of sample, g)

[0064] 1.2.5 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content

[0065] Take the sunflower leaves to be tested, wash and dry them, cut them into pieces and mix them evenly. Rinse with liquid and grind them into a homogenous slurry. Weigh 0.3g, put it in a mortar in an ice bath, add a little quartz sand and 2mL 0.05mol·L -1 Grind into a homogenate with phosphate buffer, transfer the homogenate into a test tube, and then add 3mL 0.05mol.L -1Phosphate buffer, rinse the mortar twice (1.5 mL each time), and combine the extracts. Add 5 mL of 0.5% thiobarbituric acid solution to the extract and shake well. Put the test tube in a boiling water bath and boil for 10 minutes (start timing from the appearance of small bubbles in the solution in the test tube). When the time is up, immediately take out the test tube and put it in a cold water bath. After the solution in the test tube has cooled, centrifuge at 3000g for 15 minutes, take the supernatant and measure its volume. Use 0.5% thiobarbituric acid solution as a blank to measure the absorbance values ​​at 532nm, 600nm and 450nm. Calculate the results:

[0066] MDA (μmol·g -1 FW) = [6.452 × (A 532 –A 600 )-0.559×A 450 ]×Vt /

[0067] (Vs×FW)

[0068] (V: total volume of extract, mL; Vs: volume of extract used for determination, mL; FW: fresh weight of sample, g)

[0069] 1.2.6 Determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content

[0070] (1) Prepare a standard curve: Take 7 10mL centrifuge tubes, number them in sequence, add 0.1mol / mL H2O2, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0mL hydrogen peroxide, and then add 4℃ precooled acetone to 1L; after shaking, add 0.1ml sulfuric acid and 0.2mL concentrated ammonia to each tube. Centrifuge at 3000r / min for 10min and discard the supernatant. Add 5.0mL of 2mol / L sulfuric acid to the precipitate to dissolve it. After the precipitate is completely dissolved, carefully transfer it to a 10L volumetric flask and rinse the centrifuge tube several times with a small amount of distilled water. Combine the washing liquid and make it up to 10mL, and measure As. Then make a regression line with the hydrogen peroxide concentration (nmol / 10mL) in each tube (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) and the corresponding absorbance value, which is the standard curve.

[0071] (2) Determination of hydrogen peroxide content in samples: Weigh 3 g of sunflower leaves, add a small amount of acetone and a little quartz sand precooled at 4°C, homogenize and make up to 5 mL with acetone. Transfer to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 4°C, 10,000 r / min for 10 min, discard the residue, and the supernatant is the sample extract. Use a pipette to draw 1 mL of the sample extract, add 0.1 mL of 5% sulfuric acid and 0.2 mL of concentrated ammonia water according to the standard curve, and after the precipitate is formed, centrifuge at 3,000 r / min for 10 min, and discard the supernatant. Wash the precipitate repeatedly with acetone for 3 to 5 times until the plant pigment is removed. Add 5 mL of 2 mol / L sulfuric acid to the washed precipitate, wait for it to be completely dissolved, rinse the centrifuge tube several times with a small amount of distilled water, combine the washing solution and make up to 10 mL, shake well and measure A 415 . Calculation results:

[0072] H2O2 content (μmol / g FW) = C·V t / (W·V s )(C: H2O2 content calculated based on the standard curve, μmol; V t : Total volume of sample extract, mL; V s : volume of sample extract used in the determination, mL; W: fresh weight of plant tissue, g)

[0073] Example 2: Verification of the effect of silicon

[0074] 2.1 Potted experiment design

[0075] The plough layer soil of local farmland in Yangling was collected as the experimental soil. The soil type was Lou soil. The soil used in the experiment was sieved through a 5mm sieve for later use. Urea, superphosphate, organic fertilizer and broomcorn seeds were mixed into the soil at 1.19g / kg, 0.45g / kg, 20g / kg and 3.4mg / kg, respectively. The treatments and numbers are shown in Table 2, i.e., no exogenous silicon was added (Control); 2mg / kg of nano-SiO2 was added (NS1); 40mg / kg of nano-SiO2 was added (NS2); 80mg / kg of nano-SiO2 was added (NS3); 7mg / kg of silicon fertilizer was added (SF1); 148mg / kg of silicon fertilizer was added (SF2); 296mg / kg of silicon fertilizer was added (SF3). The evenly mixed soil was placed into flower pots (22 cm in diameter and 25 cm in height) at 7 kg / pot, with 10 pots for each treatment. After standing for a week, sowing began after the soil stabilized. Four seeds were sown in each flower pot. When the sunflower seedlings grew to about 10 cm, the seedlings were thinned to 1. The amount of silicon dioxide added to the test treatment groups is shown in Table 2.

[0076] Table 2 Silica addition amount in experimental treatment group

[0077]

[0078] 2.2 Effects of silicon dioxide on growth and physiological parameters of sunflower

[0079] Samples were collected during the flowering period of sunflower (about 60 days). The 3rd to 4th leaves of the sunflower from the top were collected and transported back to the laboratory for frozen storage at low temperature to measure physiological indicators (superoxide anion content, malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, POD activity, SOD activity and CAT activity); the above-ground and underground parts of sunflowers were collected to measure the plant height, above-ground dry weight and root dry weight of sunflowers; the parasitic Broomrape of each treatment was collected, and the number of parasitic Broomrape and the dry weight of Broomrape were counted.

[0080] Example 3: Field effect verification of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and silicon fertilizers

[0081] 3.1 Experimental design

[0082] This experiment was carried out on May 24, 2022 in the farmland of Dengkou County, Linhe District, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia. The farmland is infested by sunflower broom all year round and is seriously parasitic. This experiment set up four treatments: C was the control group, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with an effective nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 1:1 were applied; T1, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with an effective nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 1:5 were applied; T2, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with an effective nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 1:1 were applied and silicon fertilizers were added; T3, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with an effective nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 1:5 were applied and silicon fertilizers were added. The specific amount of addition is shown in Table 3. Six rows were planted in each treatment, with a planting area of ​​about 1 mu, a plant spacing of 50 cm, and a row spacing of 70 cm. After planting, its management was the same as daily farmland management. The sunflower broom was counted and the sunflower growth index was measured during the flowering period, and the sunflower yield was measured during the maturity period.

[0083] Table 3 Fertilizer application rate in field test

[0084]

[0085] 3.2 Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon fertilizers on sunflower growth and yield

[0086] During the flowering period of sunflower, the diameter of the sunflower disk, plant height, stem thickness, disk weight, fresh weight of stems and leaves, and fresh weight of roots were measured, as well as the number and fresh weight of parasitic Orobancha. During the maturity period, the mature disk was air-dried, threshed, and brought back to the laboratory to determine the crude fat and crude protein content of the sunflower seeds.

[0087] Results and Analysis

[0088] 1 Effects of different nitrogen-phosphorus ratio fertilizers on parasitism of Orobanche

[0089] The statistical analysis results of the number of parasitic plants and the dry weight of Orobancha in potted plants are as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1A shows that the number of parasitic broomrape in the N10P1 and N1P5 treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the Control (P<0.05), decreasing by 45.33% and 66.15%, respectively. The number of parasitic broomrape in the N5P1 and N1P10 treatment groups was not significantly different from that in the Control. Similarly, the dry weight of broomrape in the N10P1 and N1P5 treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the Control (P<0.05), decreasing by 73.23% and 85.21%, respectively. Figure 1 B). Therefore, the number and dry weight of sunflower B. chinensis parasites in the N10P1 and N1P5 treatment groups were significantly reduced compared with the Control, and the effect of the N1P5 treatment was more obvious.

[0090] 2 Effects of different nitrogen-phosphorus ratio fertilizers on the growth and physiological indicators of sunflower

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the plant height, aboveground dry weight and root dry weight of sunflower were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the plant height of sunflowers treated with N10P1 increased significantly (P<0.05) by 12.02% compared with that treated with N5P1, and increased by 4.13% compared with that treated with Control. The plant height of sunflowers treated with N1P5 also increased slightly compared with that treated with Control, increasing by 3.01% ( Figure 2 A). The aboveground dry weight of N1P5 treatment was the highest and significantly increased compared with Control (P<0.05), increasing by 27.74% ( Figure 2 B). There was no significant difference in root dry weight between all treatment groups and Control. The above results showed that the plant height and aboveground dry weight of N10P1 and N1P5 treatment groups increased compared with Control, but N1P5 treatment significantly increased aboveground dry weight.

[0092] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the MDA content in the N1P5 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the Control group (P<0.05), decreasing by 33.12%, and there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the Control group; the O2- content in the N1P5 and N1P10 treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the Control group (P<0.05), decreasing by 26.23% and 24.11%, respectively, and the O2- content in the N10P1 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the Control group (P<0.05), decreasing by 26.23% and 24.11%, respectively. - There was no significant difference in content compared with the Control; the H2O2 content in all treatment groups was significantly reduced compared with the Control (P<0.05), decreasing by 19.12%, 39.23%, 120.11% and 39.12%, respectively.

[0093] Depend on Figure 4It can be seen that the POD and SOD activities of the N1P5 and N1P10 treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the Control (P<0.05), with the N1P5 treatment group being 92.02% and 74.05% higher than the Control, and the N1P10 treatment group being 68.31% and 69.09% higher than the Control, respectively. Figure 4 C shows that the CAT activity of the N10P1, N5P1, N1P5 and N1P10 treatment groups was significantly higher than that of the Control (P<0.05), increasing by 42.23%, 35.15%, 36.11% and 30.02% respectively. From the above results, it can be seen that the activities of the three antioxidant enzymes in the N1P5 treatment were significantly higher than those in the Control, and the malondialdehyde, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide contents in the N1P5 treatment were significantly lower than those in the Control, indicating that the application of fertilizers with a nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 1:5 can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of plants to remove oxides in the leaves and maintain the stability of the internal environment of the body.

[0094] 3 Effects of Silica on Parasitism of Sunflower Orobanche

[0095] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the number of parasitic plants in the treatments with different concentrations of nano-SiO2 or silicon fertilizer was significantly lower than that in the Control (P<0.05) ( Figure 5 A), the number of parasitic Orobancha in the NS3 and SF3 treatment groups was the lowest, 8.4 and 8.0 per plant, respectively, which were 57.13% and 58.32% less than the Control (19.6 per plant). From the perspective of the number of parasitic Orobancha, the effects of applying nano-SiO2 and silicon fertilizer were the same, and both could significantly reduce the parasitic Orobancha; Figure 5 B. From the dry weight of Orobancha, the dry weight of Orobancha decreased after the application of nano-SiO2 and silicon fertilizer, but only the dry weight of Orobancha in the NS3 and SF2 treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the Control, decreasing by 60.02% and 61.12% respectively. This shows that when the concentration of silicon applied reaches 40mg / kg, the number of parasitic Orobancha in sunflowers is significantly reduced, and the dry weight of Orobancha in sunflowers will also be significantly reduced.

[0096] 4 Effects of silicon dioxide on growth and physiological indicators of sunflower

[0097] The growth parameters of sunflowers after the application of silica were measured. Figure 6 A shows that there is no significant difference in plant height between the treatments after application of nano-SiO2 or silicon fertilizer compared with the Control, among which the plant height of NS3 treatment is the highest at 87.7cm, an increase of 8.46%; the aboveground dry weight of NS3 and SF3 treatment groups is significantly higher than that of Control (P<0.05), increasing by 23.16% and 29.32%, respectively ( Figure 6 B) By Figure 6 C shows that the root dry weight of the application of nano-SiO2 or silicon fertilizer is higher than that of the control, among which the root dry weight of the NS2, NS3, SF2 and SF3 treatment groups increased significantly compared with the Control, increasing by 57.11%, 57.12%, 117.32% and 135.21%, respectively. The aboveground dry weight of the NS3 and SF3 treatment groups increased significantly compared with the Control (P<0.05), increasing by 25.12% and 26.85%, respectively. The above results show that after the application of silica, the number of sunflower broomrape parasites was significantly reduced, and the dry weight of sunflower roots increased, which confirms that silica has the application potential to inhibit broomrape parasitism and promote the growth of sunflowers.

[0098] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that after the application of nano-SiO2 or silicon fertilizer, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of each treatment was significantly reduced compared with the Control (P<0.05); except for the NS1 treatment, the superoxide anion (O2 - ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were significantly lower than those of Control (P<0.05). This indicates that the addition of silicon dioxide can significantly reduce the oxides in sunflower leaves, thereby reducing the oxidative damage of oxides to plants.

[0099] like Figure 8 As shown, the peroxidase (POD) activity of each treatment group was significantly higher than that of the Control (P<0.05), and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the NS2, NS3, SF2 and SF3 treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the Control. The above results indicate that when the silicon concentration reaches 40 mg / kg, the POD, SOD and CAT activities in sunflower leaves will increase significantly. These enzymes can remove harmful oxides in the leaves and reduce the degree of oxidative damage to the leaves.

[0100] 5 Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon fertilizers on parasitism of Orobanche

[0101] The number of parasitic broomrapes and the fresh weight of broomrapes on 30 sunflowers were measured and counted during the flowering period of sunflowers. The results are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown. The results showed that the T1 treatment significantly reduced the number of parasitic Orobanche compared with the C treatment (P<0.05), by 40.15%, but did not significantly affect the fresh weight of Orobanche; T2 and T3 treatments significantly reduced the number of parasitic Orobanche and the fresh weight of Orobanche compared with the C treatment (P<0.05), the number of parasitic Orobanche decreased by 67.32% and 69.12%, and the fresh weight of Orobanche decreased by 52.15% and 53.78%, respectively. The above results show that silicon fertilizer is more effective in reducing the number and fresh weight of Orobanche than only changing the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

[0102] 6 Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon fertilizers on sunflower growth

[0103] After the sunflower matured, the disk diameter, plant height, stem thickness, disk weight, stem and leaf weight, and root weight were statistically analyzed. The results are as follows: Fig.10 As shown. Fig.10 It can be seen that compared with the control (C), the addition of silicon fertilizer treatments (T3 and T4) significantly increased the stem diameter and plant height of sunflowers (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the disk diameter of sunflowers. The plant height increased by 20.14% and 21.32%, and the stem diameter increased by 28.09% and 10.02%, respectively. Compared with the C treatment, the disk diameter, plant height and stem diameter of sunflowers in the T1 treatment did not change significantly; Fig.10 B showed that the T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased the aboveground weight (disk weight and stem and leaf weight) of sunflowers compared with the C treatment (P<0.05), with the disk weight increasing by 64.25% and 69.19%, and the stem and leaf weight increasing by 61.28% and 57.35%, respectively, but there were no significant differences in the disk diameter, plant height, stem diameter, disk weight, stem and leaf weight, and root weight between the T1 treatment group and the C treatment. The above results indicate that the application of silicon fertilizer (T2) significantly increases the stem diameter, plant height, disk weight, and stem and leaf weight of sunflowers, while only changing the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio to 1:5 fertilization (T1) has no significant effect on the disk diameter, plant height, stem diameter, disk weight, stem and leaf weight, and root weight of sunflowers.

[0104] Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon fertilizers on sunflower yield and seed quality

[0105] The sunflower disks were threshed and dried, and the seeds were graded into large and small grains using 36mm×5mm according to the local purchasing standards in Inner Mongolia. The weight of large and small grains on each disk was measured. Fig.11 As shown in A, the sunflower yield per mu is estimated based on 1500 plants per mu ( Fig.11 B) By Fig.10 It can be seen that the sunflower yield of the sunflower seed fertilization with changed nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (T1) increased by 13.01% compared with the control (C). The large-grain weight and per-acre yield of a single disk of sunflower seeds in the T2 and T3 treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the C treatment (P<0.05). The large-grain weight increased by 37.01% and 38.14%, respectively, and the per-acre yield increased by 23.82% and 25.02%, respectively. The price of large sunflower seeds is higher locally, almost 5 times the price of small seeds, so the T2 and T3 treatment groups significantly increased the proportion of large sunflower seeds on a single plant, which is of great significance for increasing economic income. After adding silicon fertilizer (T2), the yield was significantly increased compared with the control (C), and an additional economic income of 23.82% could be obtained.

[0106] In order to understand the effect of adding silicon fertilizer on the quality of sunflower seeds, the crude fat and crude protein content of sunflower seeds were determined. Fig.12 shown. Fig.12 A showed that the addition of silicon fertilizer (T2) could significantly increase the protein content of sunflower seeds (P<0.05), increasing by 24.21%; there was no significant difference in the fat content of sunflower seeds among the four treatments, but the T2 and T3 treatment groups increased by about 5.23% and 12.11% respectively compared with the C treatment. It can be seen that the addition of silicon fertilizer can increase the crude protein content and crude fat content of sunflower seeds and improve the edible value.

[0107] Other beneficial effects:

[0108] The invention provides a method for controlling Orobanche by applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in combination with silicon fertilizers. The method can effectively reduce the parasitism of Orobanche and increase the yield of sunflowers, thus opening up a new field for the application of silicon fertilizers in agriculture.

[0109] The invention provides a composite fertilization method, which can effectively control the parasitism of sunflower broomrape to sunflower.

[0110] The composite fertilizer scheme provided by the invention can effectively improve the stress resistance of sunflowers and promote the growth of sunflowers.

[0111] The composite fertilizer scheme provided by the invention can effectively improve the yield and quality of sunflowers.

[0112] The parasitic number and fresh weight of sunflowers planted with the compound fertilizer proposed by the present invention are significantly reduced (P<0.05), which are reduced by 67.32% and 52.15% respectively, and the stem diameter, plant height, disk weight and stem and leaf weight of the sunflower are significantly increased (P<0.05), the yield of sunflower is increased by 23.82%, the crude protein and crude fat contents of sunflower seeds are increased, and the nutritional value and economic value of sunflower are improved.

[0113] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of a compound fertilizer in planting sunflowers, the compound fertilizer comprising nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, the mass ratio of effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to effective phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer being 1:5; further comprising organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to the organic fertilizer being (1-10):400; further comprising one or both of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2; the mass ratio of effective silicon in one or both of the silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 to effective nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer being (0.04-1.6):(1-10); In the compound fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to the effective nitrogen content of 0.05g / kg-0.5g / kg; the phosphorus fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to the effective phosphorus content of 0.05g / kg-0.3g / kg; one or both of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 are mixed with the soil according to the effective silicon content of 0.04g / kg-1.6g / kg; and the organic fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 20-30g / kg; The compound fertilizer is used for reducing the number of Orobancha parasites in sunflowers.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 0.05g / kg-0.5g / kg of effective nitrogen; and / or, phosphorus fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 0.05g / kg-0.3g / kg of effective phosphorus; and / or, one or both of silicon fertilizer and nano-SiO2 are mixed with the soil according to 0.04g / kg-1.6g / kg of effective silicon; and / or, organic fertilizer is mixed with the soil according to 20-30g / kg.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mix the components according to the dosage ratio of each fertilizer and soil, put them into pots, and then let them stand. Then sow sunflower seeds and water them every day. After watering for 7-10 days, keep 2 seedlings in each pot. When the seedlings grow to 9-12cm, thin out the seedlings to 1 in each pot.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The standing time is 7-8 days; and the number of sunflower seeds sown is 4-5.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied at an effective nitrogen content of 1kg / mu-5kg / mu, phosphorus fertilizer is applied at an effective phosphorus content of 4kg / mu-5kg / mu, and silicon fertilizer is applied at a content of 1kg / mu-2kg / mu.

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