Negative pressure suction adaptive dust removal process

Abstract

The application provides a negative pressure suction adaptive dust removal process, which specifically comprises a gravity dust removal process, a cyclone dust removal process, an air cooling process, a bag dust removal process, a centrifugal multi-stage induced air process and system control. The specific implementation effects of the modules are as follows: the gravity dust removal process removes dust with a particle size of 50 microns and above through gravity; the cyclone dust removal process removes dust with a particle size of 5-50 microns through the action of negative pressure and gravity; in the air cooling process, high-temperature ash gas sequentially passes through high-temperature finned tube groups and low-temperature finned tube groups after entering an air cooler, and is cooled to 90 DEG C under the action of a forced air cooler; the bag dust removal process removes dust with a particle size of 0.5-5 microns; the system is self-adjusted and controlled by installing sensors on the gravity dust remover, the cyclone dust remover and the bag dust remover to monitor pressure and temperature in real time. The application effectively improves dust removal efficiency and prolongs the service life of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a negative pressure suction and conveying dust removal process, and more particularly to a negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process for material handling in the production process of carbon anode materials. Background Technology

[0002] The non-ferrous metals industry has always been a vital sector of the national economy, so important that the State Council listed it as one of the ten key industries for revitalization. However, while bringing considerable economic benefits, it is also a major source of energy consumption and smelting waste gas. With the increasing trend of global warming, my country has timely proposed the concept of "carbon neutrality." To thoroughly implement this concept, my country's non-ferrous metals industry must strengthen research and development and vigorously promote energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve sustainable development. Currently, overhead crane dust collectors are commonly used to remove the high-temperature, high-pressure, and harmful gases generated during non-ferrous metal smelting. However, this equipment is subject to many limitations, necessitating a new process to improve the operability of dust removal in non-ferrous metal smelting.

[0003] To meet the aforementioned process requirements, numerous scholars and enterprises both domestically and internationally have conducted research on dust removal technologies. Patent publication number "CN 109893945 A," entitled "A High-Temperature Material Conveying, Unloading, and Dust Removal System and Method," relates to a method for conveying, unloading, and removing high-temperature materials. In this method, high-temperature ash gas undergoes dust removal via a cyclone dust collector, an air cooler, and a bag filter. The ash gas, after a rapid temperature drop, is filtered by the first bag filter to form clean air, which is then discharged by a first Roots blower, resulting in high dust removal efficiency. However, this dust removal method lacks a gravity dust collector for preliminary removal of large particles; instead, it only uses a large hopper for initial dust removal of the high-temperature ash gas. Furthermore, the cyclone dust collectors are not connected in parallel, the air cooler's heat dissipation pipes are of the standard type, and the bag filter's bag hopper and bags are also of the standard type. Most importantly, this method lacks sensors for real-time system monitoring, and the dust removal efficiency and the service life of each component need further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address existing problems, this invention proposes a negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process. This process uses a centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan to generate negative pressure, driving the dust gas through a gravity dust removal process, a cyclone dust removal process, an air cooling process, and a bag filter dust removal process to remove dust.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive control process is provided, characterized by comprising gravity dust removal, cyclone dust removal, air cooling, baghouse dust removal, centrifugal multi-stage induced draft, and system control. The first four processes are performed sequentially, the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft is responsible for generating negative pressure in the system, and the system control is responsible for achieving the adaptability of the entire system.

[0006] The gravity dust removal process is as follows: High-temperature ash gas containing a large amount of dust enters the gravity dust collector through the ash gas separation pipe under negative pressure and impacts the baffle plate, thereby changing the flow direction of the ash gas flowing out from the lower end of the ash gas separation pipe, causing the ash gas to become turbulent, and thus prolonging the residence time of the ash gas in the gravity dust collector. Since the density of large dust particles in the ash gas is greater than that of air, large dust particles with a particle size of 50μm and above fall into the ash hopper under the action of gravity, thereby achieving the removal of large dust particles.

[0007] The cyclone dust removal process is as follows: After the large particles of dust are removed by the gravity dust collector, the high-temperature ash gas is drawn into the volute of the cyclone dust collector through the inlet manifold. The high-temperature ash gas makes a downward spiral circular motion in the spiral volute. When the ash gas moves downward spirally to the lower end of the conical cyclone, it changes its spiral motion direction. The dust in the spiraling ash gas gains centrifugal force due to the circular motion. Under the action of centrifugal force, the medium-sized dust particles are separated from the high-temperature ash gas. Then, under the action of negative pressure and gravity, they fall into the ash hopper. The high-temperature ash gas separated from the medium-sized dust particles moves upward spirally after changing its spiral motion direction, passes through the riser pipe, and is sucked out of the cyclone dust collector from the outlet manifold. This process can effectively remove medium-sized dust particles with a particle size of 5-50μm.

[0008] The air cooling process is as follows: High-temperature ash gas, after the removal of medium-sized particulate dust, is drawn into the high-temperature finned tube assembly of the air cooler through the air inlet chamber of the inlet and outlet section. The high-temperature ash gas flows sequentially through the high-temperature finned tube assembly, the low-temperature finned tube assembly, and the outlet chamber before being drawn into the bag filter. The finned tubes in the high-temperature and low-temperature finned tube assemblies are evenly distributed, and multiple forced air coolers are placed on one side of the heat dissipation section. By blowing air through the forced air coolers, the heat conducted by the high-temperature ash gas to the walls of the high-temperature and low-temperature finned tube assemblies is effectively removed, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the high-temperature ash gas to below 90°C.

[0009] The baghouse dust collection process is as follows: cooled ash gas is drawn into the baghouse dust collector through the inlet. The ash gas rises continuously, is filtered by the baghouse, and is then drawn into the atmosphere by a centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan through the outlet under negative pressure. The filtered dust adheres to the outside of the bag. Pressure sensors on the inner wall of the baghouse and at the outlet monitor the pressure difference between the two points in real time. When the pressure difference reaches a set value, the air tank in the jet blowing device automatically sprays compressed gas to back-blow the baghouse, causing the dust accumulated on the baghouse to fall into the ash hopper. This dust collection process can remove fine particulate dust of 0.5 to 5 μm.

[0010] The centrifugal multi-stage induced draft process is as follows: The centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan is located at the end of the system to generate a negative pressure state for the system; when the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan is started, the rotating impeller accelerates the gas, and then changes its direction to decelerate it. Due to the conservation of energy, the kinetic energy reduced during deceleration is converted into potential energy. In the diffuser, the pressure continuously increases, and then it enters the next set of impellers through the return flow device, generating even higher pressure. After repeating several sets, high-pressure gas with very high potential energy can be generated, thereby realizing the function of generating negative pressure for the system.

[0011] The system control is as follows: Temperature sensors are distributed at the inlet and outlet of the air cooler. When the inlet temperature is detected to be higher or lower than the set value, the forced air cooling fan speed is automatically adjusted to ensure energy saving while meeting cooling requirements. When the outlet temperature of the air cooler is higher than the set value, the centrifugal fan speed is automatically increased, thereby changing the ash-to-air ratio to reduce the temperature of the gas entering the bag filter, ensuring that the working temperature of the filter bag does not exceed its set temperature. Pressure sensors are distributed at the outlets of the gravity dust collector, cyclone dust collector, air cooler, bag filter hopper, and bag filter. When the outlet pressure of the gravity dust collector, cyclone dust collector, air cooler, or bag filter is detected to be higher than the set value, an alarm is triggered to indicate that the corresponding ash hopper needs cleaning. Level gauges are distributed in the ash hoppers of the gravity dust collector and the bag filter. When the level is detected to reach the set position, an alarm is triggered to indicate that cleaning is required.

[0012] Compared with existing dust removal processes, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0013] ① High dust removal efficiency. As a cyclone dust collector composed of multiple cyclone dust collectors connected in parallel, the high-temperature dust gas entering the device is diverted to each cyclone dust collector. The volute and conical cyclone structure of the cyclone dust collector cause the high-temperature dust gas to spiral inside the dust collector, first spiraling downwards and then spiraling upwards. The dust in the dust gas, under the action of centrifugal force, is separated to the inner wall of the dust collector and then settles into the dust hopper, effectively improving the dust removal efficiency.

[0014] ② Excellent air cooling performance. The high-temperature and low-temperature finned tube assemblies in the air cooler ensure that the high-temperature ash gas, after entering the air cooler from the inlet chamber, first dissipates heat through the high-temperature finned tube assemblies, then through the low-temperature finned tube assemblies, and finally is drawn into the next device through the outlet chamber. The surface of the heat dissipation tubes has been changed from ordinary, unstructured bare tubes to finned tubes. The finned structure, spirally wound around the tube base, provides a larger contact area between the high-temperature ash gas and the air as it passes through the heat dissipation tubes, resulting in a larger heat dissipation area. A forced-air fan on one side of the low-temperature finned tube assembly continuously blows air, effectively removing heat from the ash gas inside the entire air cooler, achieving rapid cooling of the high-temperature ash gas.

[0015] ③ High dust collection efficiency of baghouse filters. After being fully cooled, the dusty gas enters the baghouse dust collector and moves upwards under the continuous negative pressure generated by the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan. As it passes through the array of filter bags, it is filtered, and the filtered gas is then drawn into the atmosphere by the negative pressure within the baghouse. Meanwhile, the fine dust particles adhering to the outer surface of the filter bags accumulate. When the pressure difference between the inner wall of the baghouse and the outlet reaches a set value, the air tank automatically back-blown, shaking off the accumulated dust particles that fall into the dust hopper for collection. The pleated structure of the pleated filter bags increases the filtration area as the gas passes through, thus greatly improving dust collection efficiency.

[0016] ④ The system boasts a high degree of automation and intelligence. All devices involved in the various processes mentioned in the claims are equipped with sensors, such as pressure sensors and temperature sensors. Temperature sensors installed at the inlet and outlet of the air cooler monitor the temperature at both locations in real time. When the temperature difference reaches a set value, the speed of the forced-air fan is automatically adjusted to cool the dust. Pressure sensors installed at the outlets of gravity dust collectors, cyclone dust collectors, air coolers, and bag filters also monitor the pressure at those locations in real time. The pressure measured by these sensors is fed back to the control system in real time to adjust the wind speed of the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan to achieve stable system operation. Pressure sensors installed on the inner wall of the bag filter compartment and at the bag filter outlet monitor the pressure difference between the two locations in real time. When the pressure difference reaches a set value, it triggers backflushing of the air tank, thereby shaking off the large amount of fine dust adhering to and accumulated on the expanded filter bags. The automation and intelligence of the entire process are greatly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the dust removal effect of particles of different sizes.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the gravity dust collector structure.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cyclone dust collector in the image.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cyclone dust collector structure.

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the air cooler structure.

[0022] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the inlet / outlet section, heat dissipation section, and dust collection section.

[0023] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a bag filter dust collector.

[0024] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the jet blowing device, bag device, upper cylinder and lower cylinder structure.

[0025] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the bag device structure.

[0026] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a centrifugal multistage induced draft fan.

[0027] The components include: 1. Gravity dust collector, 1-1 ash-gas separation pipe, 1-2 baffle plate, 1-3 multi-stage exhaust pipe, 1-4 ash hopper one; 2. Cyclone dust collector, 2-1 inlet manifold, 2-2 cyclone dust collector, 2-2-1 volute, 2-2-2 air riser, 2-2-3 conical cyclone, 2-2-4 exhaust pipe, 2-3 outlet manifold, 2-4 ash hopper two; 3. Air cooler, 3-1 inlet / outlet section, 3-1-1 inlet air chamber, 3-1-2 outlet air chamber, 3-2 heat dissipation section, 3-2-1 low-temperature finned tube assembly, 3-2-2 high-temperature finned tube. Group 1, 3-2-3 Forced air cooler; 4 Bag dust collector, 4-1 Pulse jet cleaning device, 4-1-1 Air distribution box, 4-2 Bag device, 4-2-1 Bag, 4-2-2 Bag tube sheet, 4-3 Upper cylinder, 4-3-1 Bag hopper, 4-3-2 Air outlet, 4-4 Lower cylinder, 4-4-1 Cylindrical second, 4-4-2 Ash hopper fourth, 4-4-3 Air inlet; 5 Centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan, 5-1 Impeller, 5-2 Diffuser, 5-3 Reflux device; 6 Control system, 6-1 Temperature sensor, 6-2 Pressure sensor, 6-3 Level gauge. Detailed Implementation Plan

[0028] The specific embodiments of the invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] A negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process is formed based on the structural characteristics of the device to form an adaptive dust removal process.

[0030] A negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process is as follows.

[0031] Process 1, Gravity Dust Collection: High-temperature dust gas containing a large amount of dust enters the gravity dust collector 1 under negative pressure through the dust gas separator 1-1 and impacts the baffle plate 1-2. This changes the flow direction of the dust gas exiting from the lower end of the dust gas separator 1-1, causing turbulence and prolonging the residence time of the dust gas in the gravity dust collector 1. Since the density of large dust particles in the dust gas is greater than that of air, large dust particles with a diameter of 50μm and above fall into the dust hopper 1-4 under the action of gravity, thus achieving the removal of large dust particles. The maximum operating temperature of the gravity dust collector is 900℃.

[0032] Process 2, Cyclone Dust Removal: After large particles of dust are removed by gravity dust collector 1, the high-temperature ash gas is drawn into the volute 2-2-1 of cyclone dust collector 2-2 through the inlet manifold 2-1. The high-temperature ash gas makes a downward spiral circular motion within the spiral volute 2-2-1. When the ash gas moves downward spirally to the lower end of the conical cyclone 2-2-3, it changes its spiral motion direction. The dust in the spiraling ash gas gains centrifugal force due to the circular motion. Under the action of centrifugal force, medium-sized dust particles are separated from the high-temperature ash gas. Then, under the action of negative pressure and gravity, it falls into the ash hopper 2-4. The high-temperature ash gas separated from the medium-sized dust particles moves upward spirally after changing its spiral motion direction, passes through the riser 2-2-2, and is drawn out of cyclone dust collector 2-2 through outlet manifold 2-3. In the cyclone dust removal process, cyclone dust removal device 2 consists of two cyclone dust collectors 2-2, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency of the process. This process can effectively remove medium-sized dust particles with a diameter of 5–50 μm.

[0033] Process 3, Air Cooling: The high-temperature ash gas, after the removal of medium-sized particulate dust, is drawn into the high-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-1 of the air cooler 3 through the air inlet chamber 3-1-1 of the inlet / outlet section 3-1. The high-temperature ash gas flows sequentially through the high-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-1, the low-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-2, and the outlet chamber 3-1-2, and is then drawn into the bag filter 4. The finned tubes 3-2-2-1 in the high-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-1 and the low-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-2 are evenly distributed. The surface of the heat dissipation tube is changed from ordinary bare tubes without any structure to finned tubes 3-2-2-1. The finned structure spirally wound on the tube base surface allows the high-temperature ash gas to have a larger contact area with the air when it passes through the heat dissipation tube, that is, it has a larger heat dissipation area. Multiple forced air coolers 3-2-3 are placed on one side of the heat dissipation section 3-2, and air is blown by the forced air coolers 3-2-3. It effectively removes the heat conducted by the high-temperature ash gas to the walls of the high-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-1 and the low-temperature finned tube assembly 3-2-2, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling down to below 90℃.

[0034] Process 4, Baghouse Dust Collection: The cooled dust gas is drawn into the baghouse dust collector 4 through the inlet 4-4-3. The dust gas rises continuously, is filtered by the bag filter 4-2, and then is drawn into the atmosphere under negative pressure by the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan 5 through the outlet 4-3-2. The filtered dust adheres to the outside of the bag 4-2-1. Because the bag 4-2-1 uses a pleated type, its pleated structure increases the filtration area when the dust gas passes through it, resulting in more dust adhering to the outside of the bag 4-2-1 compared to ordinary bags. Pressure sensors 6-2 on the inner wall of the baghouse 4-2-2 and at the air outlet 4-3-2 monitor the pressure difference between the two locations in real time. When the pressure difference reaches a set value, the air tank 4-1-1 in the jet-blowing device 4-1 automatically sprays compressed gas to back-blow the filter bags 4-2-1 of the baghouse 4-2, causing the accumulated dust on the baghouse to fall into the ash hopper 4-4-2. This dust removal process can remove fine particulate dust of 0.5–5 μm. The upward airflow inside the filter bags is 61 m / min, and the filtration velocity of the filter bags is 0.8 m / min.

[0035] Process 5: Centrifugal Multistage Exhaust Fan: The centrifugal multistage exhaust fan 5 is located at the end of the system and is used to generate a negative pressure state for the system. When the centrifugal multistage exhaust fan 5 is started, the rotating impeller 5-1 accelerates the gas, then changes direction to decelerate it. Due to the conservation of energy, the reduced kinetic energy during deceleration is converted into potential energy. In the diffuser 5-2, the pressure continuously increases, and then it enters the next set of impellers 5-1 through the return flow device, generating even higher pressure. After several sets, high-pressure gas with very high potential energy is generated, thus realizing the function of generating negative pressure for the system. The operating temperature of the centrifugal multistage exhaust fan is 80℃.

[0036] Process 6, System Control: Temperature sensors 6-1 are located at the inlet and outlet of air cooler 3. When the inlet temperature is detected to be higher or lower than the set value, the wind speed of forced air cooler 3-2-3 is automatically adjusted to ensure energy saving while meeting cooling requirements. When the outlet temperature of air cooler 3 is higher than the set value, the speed of centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan 5 is automatically increased, thereby changing the ash-to-gas ratio to reduce the temperature of the gas entering bag filter 4, ensuring that the working temperature of bag 4-2-1 does not exceed its set temperature. Pressure sensors 6-2 are located at the outlet of gravity dust collector 1, the outlet of cyclone dust collector 2-2, the outlet of air cooler 3, the inner wall of bag hopper 4-3-1, and the outlet of bag filter 4. When the outlet pressure of gravity dust collector, cyclone dust collector, air cooler, or bag filter is detected to be higher than the set value, an alarm is triggered to indicate that the corresponding ash hopper needs cleaning. Level gauges 6-3 are located in the ash hoppers of gravity dust collector and bag filter dust collector. When the level is detected to reach the set position, an alarm is triggered to indicate that cleaning is required. Because the sensors at various locations can monitor physical quantities in real time and provide timely feedback to the control system, the system can react in real time and perform corresponding control operations, which greatly improves the automation and intelligence of the entire dust removal process and achieves the self-adaptability of the entire process.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely specific examples to further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A negative pressure suction adaptive dust removal process, the apparatus required for this process consisting of a gravity dust collector (1), a cyclone dust collector (2), an air cooler (3), a bag filter (4), a centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan (5), and a control system (6); the gravity dust collector (1) includes: Ash gas separator (1-1), baffle plate (1-2), multi-stage exhaust pipe (1-3) and ash hopper one (1-4); The cyclone dust collector (2) includes: an inlet manifold (2-1), a cyclone dust collector (2-2), an outlet manifold (2-3), and a second ash hopper (2-4); the cyclone dust collector (2-2) includes: a volute (2-2-1), a riser pipe (2-2-2), a conical cyclone separator (2-2-3), and an exhaust pipe (2-2-4); the air cooler (3) includes: an inlet / outlet section (3-1), a heat dissipation section (3-2), and an ash collection section (3-3); the inlet / outlet section (3-1) includes: an air inlet chamber (3-1-1) and an air outlet chamber (3-1-2); the heat dissipation section (3-2) includes a high-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-1), a low-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-2), and a forced air cooler (3-2-3); the bag filter (4) includes: a pulse-jet cleaning device (4-1). The system comprises: a bag filter (4-2), an upper cylinder (4-3), and a lower cylinder (4-4); the jet cleaning device (4-1) further includes: an air tank (4-1-1); the bag filter further includes: a bag (4-2-1) and a bag filter tube sheet (4-2-2); the upper cylinder (4-3) includes: a bag hopper (4-3-1) and an air outlet (4-3-2); the lower cylinder includes: a second cylinder (4-4-1), a fourth ash hopper (4-4-2), and an air inlet (4-4-3); the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan (5) includes: an impeller (5-1), a diffuser (5-2), and a return flow device (5-3), which provides negative pressure for the negative pressure suction adaptive dust removal system; the control system (6) includes: a temperature sensor (6-1), a pressure sensor (6-2), and a level gauge (6-3). Its characteristic is that the dust removal process is as follows: Process 1, Gravity dust removal: High-temperature ash gas containing a large amount of dust enters the gravity dust collector (1) through the ash gas separation pipe (1-1) under negative pressure and impacts the baffle plate (1-2), thereby changing the flow direction of the ash gas flowing out from the lower end of the ash gas separation pipe (1-1), causing the ash gas to be in a turbulent state, which in turn prolongs the residence time of the ash gas in the gravity dust collector (1). Since the density of large dust particles in the ash gas is greater than that of air, under the action of gravity, large dust particles with a particle size of 50 μm and above fall into the ash hopper (1-4), thus achieving the removal of large dust particles. Process 2, Cyclone Dust Removal: After the large particles of dust are removed by the gravity dust collector (1), the high-temperature ash gas is drawn into the volute (2-2-1) of the cyclone dust collector (2-2) through the inlet manifold (2-1). The high-temperature ash gas makes a downward spiral circular motion in the spiral volute (2-2-1). When the ash gas moves downward spirally to the lower end of the conical cyclone (2-2-3), it will change its spiral motion direction. The dust in the spiraling ash gas gains centrifugal force due to the circular motion. Under the action of centrifugal force, the medium-sized dust particles are separated from the high-temperature ash gas and then fall into the ash hopper (2-4) under the action of negative pressure and gravity. The high-temperature ash gas that has separated the medium-sized dust particles then... After changing the direction of spiral motion, the spiral moves upward and passes through the riser pipe (2-2-2) and is sucked out of the cyclone dust collector (2-2) through the outlet manifold (2-3). This process can effectively remove medium-sized dust particles with a particle size of 5~50 μm. Process 3, Air Cooling: The high-temperature ash gas, after the removal of medium particulate dust, is drawn into the high-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-1) of the air cooler (3) through the air inlet chamber (3-1-1) of the inlet section (3-1). The high-temperature ash gas flows sequentially through the high-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-1), the low-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-2), and the air outlet chamber (3-1-2), and is then drawn into the bag filter (4). The finned tubes (3-2-2-1) in the high-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-1) and the low-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-2) are evenly distributed. Multiple forced air coolers (3-2-3) are placed on one side of the heat dissipation section (3-2). By blowing air through the forced air coolers (3-2-3), the heat conducted by the high-temperature ash gas to the walls of the high-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-1) and the low-temperature finned tube assembly (3-2-2) is effectively carried away, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the high-temperature ash gas to below 90°C. Process 4, Baghouse Dust Collection: After cooling, the ash gas is drawn into the baghouse dust collector (4) through the air inlet (4-4-3). The ash gas rises continuously and is filtered by the bag device (4-2). After being filtered through the air outlet (4-3-2), it is drawn into the atmosphere by the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan (5) under negative pressure and discharged into the atmosphere. The filtered dust adheres to the outside of the bag (4-2-1). The pressure sensor (6-2) at the inner wall of the bag hopper (4-3-1) and the air outlet (4-3-2) monitors the pressure difference between the two locations in real time. When the pressure difference reaches the set value, the air tank (4-1-1) in the jet blowing device (4-1) automatically sprays compressed gas to back-blow the bag (4-2-1) of the bag device (4-2), and blows the dust accumulated on the bag device back and shakes it into the ash hopper (4-4-2). This dust collection process can remove fine particulate dust of 0.5~5 μm. Process 5, Centrifugal Multistage Exhaust Fan: The centrifugal multistage exhaust fan (5) is located at the end of the system and is used to generate a negative pressure state for the system. When the centrifugal multistage exhaust fan (5) is started, the rotating impeller (5-1) accelerates the gas and then changes its direction to decelerate it. Due to the conservation of energy, the kinetic energy reduced during the deceleration process is converted into potential energy. In the diffuser (5-2), the pressure continuously increases and then enters the next set of impellers (5-1) through the return flow device, generating higher pressure. After repeating several sets, high-pressure gas with high potential energy can be generated, thereby realizing the function of generating negative pressure for the system. Process 6, System Control: Temperature sensors (6-1) are distributed at the inlet and outlet of the air cooler (3). When the inlet temperature is detected to be higher or lower than the set value, the wind speed of the forced air cooler (3-2-3) is automatically adjusted to ensure that the cooling conditions are met while achieving energy saving. When the outlet temperature of the air cooler (3) is higher than the set value, the speed of the centrifugal multi-stage induced draft fan (5) is automatically increased, thereby changing the dust-to-gas ratio to reduce the temperature of the gas entering the bag filter (4), ensuring that the working temperature of the filter bag (4-2-1) does not exceed its set temperature. Pressure Sensors (6-2) are located at the outlet of gravity dust collector (1), the outlet of cyclone dust collector (2-2), the outlet of air cooler (3), the inner wall of bag hopper (4-3-1), and the outlet of bag dust collector (4). When the pressure at the outlet of gravity dust collector (1), cyclone dust collector (2-2), air cooler (3), and bag dust collector (4) is higher than the set value, an alarm is triggered to indicate that the ash hoppers of each device need to be cleaned. Level gauges (6-3) are located in the ash hoppers of gravity dust collector and bag dust collector. When the level is detected to reach the set position, an alarm is triggered to indicate that the ash needs to be cleaned.

2. The negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum operating temperature of the gravity dust collector (1) is 900℃.

3. The negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upward airflow velocity of the bag filter (4) is 60-70 m / min.

4. The negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtration velocity of the bag filter (4) is 0.1-1 m / min.

5. The negative pressure suction and conveying adaptive dust removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum operating temperature of the centrifugal multistage induced draft fan (5) is 150 ℃.

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