A method of viticulture with a large renewal of the vine

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of grape planting and cultivation, and discloses a large-renewal grape cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: S1, rejuvenation after grape picking; S2, reserving base buds on fruiting branches after rejuvenation, and removing branches and vines above the base buds; S3, cultivating the base buds to germinate; and S4, cultivating the base buds to obtain first branches, shortening and pruning the first branches in winter, reserving a G branch on the main stem, continuing to cultivate the G branch to develop into fruiting branches of grapes in the next year, and picking the grapes until the grapes blossom, bear fruit, mature and are picked in the next year. Through the technical scheme, the problem of low yield caused by low flower formation rate of fruiting branches on the grape vine in the current year is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grape cultivation technology, specifically to a major update to grape cultivation methods. Background Technology

[0002] Grapes are woody vines belonging to the genus *Vitis* in the family Vitaceae. Their twigs are cylindrical with longitudinal ridges, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, with ovate leaves. The panicles are dense or sparse, with well-developed basal branches. The fruit is spherical or elliptical. Grape winter buds are precocious; stimulating them can promote early sprouting, flowering, and fruiting, thus contributing to early ripening. The timing, quantity, quality, and sprouting rate of flower bud differentiation vary among different grape varieties. Traditional open-field grape cultivation in my country mostly utilizes trellis and fence structures. With the development of production, small-scale fence and small-scale trellis structures have gradually emerged. In open-field cultivation, the training and shaping methods are constructed according to the grape's growth vigor. With the rise of greenhouse vegetable production, greenhouses are increasingly being applied to grape cultivation.

[0003] After the first year of grape ripening, people usually prune the fruiting branches to cultivate fruiting branches for the following year. Most people either retain vigorous, high-growth branches or prune the fruiting branches by cutting them off. However, the fruiting branches cultivated in this way have a low flowering rate and low flower quality in the following year, resulting in a low grape fruiting rate and overall low yield. Therefore, it is necessary to improve existing techniques and provide a grape cultivation method that increases the flowering rate and flower quality of the fruiting branches, thereby improving the grape fruiting rate and yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes a method for large-scale grape cultivation, which solves the problem of low fruit yield caused by the low flowering rate of fruiting branches on grapevines in the following year in related technologies.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for large-scale grape cultivation, comprising selecting adaptable early-maturing grape varieties, cultivating them in a greenhouse with the temperature controlled between 20-30℃, and integrating pruning, irrigation, and fertilization into a comprehensive management process, including the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: After the grapes are ripe and harvested, the fruiting branches on the main trunk are rejuvenated. The rejuvenation period is 7-15 days.

[0008] Step S2: After rejuvenation, leave a basal bud near the base of the main stem on the fruiting branch, and remove all branches above the basal bud.

[0009] Step S3: Cultivate basal bud germination. Spray dormancy-breaking agent on the basal buds. Maintain high temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse and lay the shade curtain outside the greenhouse on the outer surface of the greenhouse. Maintain the temperature at 25~30℃ and the humidity at 60~80%. The basal bud germination cultivation cycle is 7~15 days.

[0010] Step S4: After the basal buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain the first branch. In November, the first branch is pruned back to 2-5 cm away from the main stem. A section of G branch is left on the main stem. Continue to cultivate the G branch to develop it and obtain the fruiting branch of the grape the following year. This process continues until the grapes flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested the following year.

[0011] Step S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 several times until the total accumulated length of branch G exceeds 20cm;

[0012] In step S2, after each grape harvest, a basal bud is reserved on the fruiting branch near the redevelopment point of the previous year's G branch, and all the branches above the basal bud are removed. In step S4, the first branch is pruned short 2-5 cm away from the redevelopment point of the previous year's G branch, and a new G branch is obtained on the previous year's G branch.

[0013] Step S6: After the grapes are harvested again when they are ripe, rejuvenate the fruiting branches on the main stem. The rejuvenation period is 7 to 15 days. Cut off all the G branches left from the first branch after several short prunings on the main stem.

[0014] Step S7: Based on step S5, dry the greenhouse for 3-5 days;

[0015] Step S8: Re-germinate the dormant buds on the main stem, spray the dormant buds with a dormancy-breaking agent, maintain high temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse, and lay the shade curtain outside the greenhouse on the outer surface of the greenhouse. Maintain the temperature at 25~30℃ and the humidity at 60~80%. The dormant bud germination cultivation cycle is 15~20 days.

[0016] Step S9: After the dormant buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain the first branch. In November, the first branch is pruned back to 2-5cm from the bottom of the first branch. A new G branch is left on the main stem. Continue to cultivate the G branch to develop it and obtain the fruiting branch of the grape the following year. This process continues until the grapes flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested the following year.

[0017] Repeat steps S1 to S9 several times until the orchard is renewed.

[0018] As a further technical solution, step S6 includes the following steps:

[0019] Step S61: On sunny days, allow the greenhouse to air dry naturally for 3-5 days, stop applying water and fertilizer, maintain natural ventilation, reduce soil moisture, and provide 6-8 hours of sunlight per day to promote wound healing.

[0020] Step S62: If there is continuous rainy weather, stop watering and fertilizing, maintain natural ventilation, reduce soil moisture, and at the same time, bandage the wound with a thin film to promote wound healing.

[0021] As a further technical solution, the somnolence-disrupting agent in step S3 is calcium cyanamide and cyanamide.

[0022] As a further technical solution, water and fertilizer management is also included, in which the grapes are watered once every 4 to 5 days when implementing steps S1 to S3, step S5 and step S7.

[0023] As a further technical solution, the pruning cycle for the fruiting branches in steps S2 and S5 is from May 1st to June 20th.

[0024] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] In this invention, by implementing steps S1 to S9, a method of pruning the fruiting branches every few years to achieve a major renewal is used to improve the flowering rate and fruit set rate of the fruiting branches, enhance the quality of grapes, and reduce the management difficulty caused by pruning. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] This embodiment proposes...

[0028] A comprehensive grape cultivation method involves selecting adaptable, early-maturing grape varieties and cultivating them in a greenhouse at a temperature controlled between 20-30℃. This is combined with integrated management techniques including pruning, irrigation, and fertilization, and includes the following steps:

[0029] Step S1: After the grapes are ripe and harvested, the fruiting branches on the main trunk are rejuvenated. The rejuvenation period is 7-15 days.

[0030] Step S2: After rejuvenation, leave a basal bud near the base of the main stem on the fruiting branch, and remove all branches above the basal bud.

[0031] Step S3: Cultivate basal bud germination. Spray dormancy-breaking agent on the basal buds. Maintain high temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse and lay the shade curtain outside the greenhouse on the outer surface of the greenhouse. Maintain the temperature at 25~30℃ and the humidity at 60~80%. The basal bud germination cultivation cycle is 7~15 days.

[0032] Step S4: After the basal buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain the first branch. In November, the first branch is pruned back to 2-5 cm away from the main stem. A section of G branch is left on the main stem. Continue to cultivate the G branch to develop it and obtain the fruiting branch of the grape the following year. This process continues until the grapes flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested the following year.

[0033] Step S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 several times until the total length of branch G exceeds 20cm.

[0034] In step S2, after each grape harvest, a basal bud is reserved on the fruiting branch near the position where the previous year's G branch redeveloped, and all the branches above the basal bud are removed. In step S4, the first branch is pruned short 2-5cm away from the position where the previous year's G branch redeveloped, and a new G branch is obtained on the previous year's G branch.

[0035] Step S6: After the grapes are harvested again when they are ripe, rejuvenate the fruiting branches on the main stem. The rejuvenation period is 7 to 15 days. Cut off all the G branches left from the first branch after several short prunings on the main stem.

[0036] Step S7: Based on step S5, dry the greenhouse for 3-5 days;

[0037] Step S8: Re-germinate the dormant buds on the main stem, spray the dormant buds with a dormancy-breaking agent, maintain high temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse, and lay the shade curtain outside the greenhouse on the outer surface of the greenhouse. Maintain the temperature at 25~30℃ and the humidity at 60~80%. The dormant bud germination cultivation cycle is 15~20 days.

[0038] Step S9: After the dormant buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain the first branch. In November, the first branch is pruned back to 2-5cm from the bottom of the first branch. A new G branch is left on the main stem. Continue to cultivate the G branch to develop it and obtain the fruiting branch of the grape the following year. This process continues until the grapes flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested the following year.

[0039] Repeat steps S1 to S9 several times until the orchard is renewed.

[0040] In this embodiment, the greenhouse roof is covered with a plastic film, which has poor light transmission. If the fruiting branches of grapes that have been harvested are directly pruned, the new fruiting branches that are cultivated will have a lower flowering rate and poor fruit quality in the following year. In order to improve the flowering rate of the fruiting branches on the grapevines in the following year, the inventor provides a grape cultivation method, which includes the following steps, taking the Victoria variety as an example: Implementation step S1, Victoria grapes generally enter the ripening and harvesting period around May, and generally will not exceed the beginning of June. After harvesting the grapes that ripen in the current year, that is, the first year, the fruiting branches of the grapes are first rejuvenated for a short period of 7 to 15 days.

[0041] Implement step S2, prune the cultivated fruiting branches, leave a basal bud near the root of the main stem on the fruiting branch, and remove all the rest of the fruiting branch.

[0042] In step S3, spray the dormancy-breaking agent onto the basal buds, and at the same time, cover the outer surface of the greenhouse with the shade curtains. The shade curtains are usually straw curtains, which can achieve heat preservation and light shading, and maintain a high temperature and high humidity environment inside the greenhouse. The temperature is maintained at 25~30℃ and the humidity is maintained at 60~80% to promote the germination of basal buds. The germination cycle is generally 7~15 days.

[0043] Implement step S4 to cultivate the basal buds after sprouting to obtain the first branch. This usually happens in June. The bright light outside the greenhouse helps the first branch to grow and develop. After that, it enters normal management. After entering winter in November, the first branch is pruned short, retaining 1-2 buds to obtain a section of G branch. Then, continue to cultivate on the G branch to obtain new fruiting branches. The new fruiting branches have a high flowering rate and a high fruit yield. The grapes taste good after ripening. Continue to cultivate until the subsequent fruiting branches flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested.

[0044] In this process, after the grape harvest of the following year, steps S1 to S4 are repeated based on the G branches reserved in the previous year. When repeating step S4, a G branch with a longer length is obtained. Through the renewal pruning of the fruiting branches, it helps to improve the flowering rate, fruit yield and taste of the fruiting branches on the grapevines in the following year.

[0045] After implementing step S5 and repeating steps S1 to S4 several times, the length of branch G gradually increases, indicating that the height of the grape fruiting branches is getting higher and higher. When the total length of branch G exceeds 20cm, the height increases and the fruiting position moves outward, which increases the difficulty for managers to thin flowers, thin fruits and harvest, and is not convenient for greenhouse management. Therefore, the inventor added steps S5 to S8. After the grapes are ripe and harvested, the grapevines are pruned once, which is to renew the fruiting branches of the grapevines. This reduces the difficulty of the managers' work and completes the pruning of the fruiting branches at the same time.

[0046] After implementing step S6, repeating steps S1 to S4 several times, you can make a choice based on the actual situation. Generally, it is chosen to cut off all the previously accumulated G branches from the main trunk of the grapevine after 3 to 5 years.

[0047] Implement step S7, retract the sunshade curtain above the greenhouse, and let the greenhouse air dry for 2-4 days. Adjustments can be made according to the actual growth of the grapevines until the wounds on the main trunk of the grapevines no longer bleed.

[0048] Implement step S8 by spraying a dormancy-breaking agent on the dormant buds on the main stem, maintaining high temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse, and simultaneously laying a shade curtain on the top of the greenhouse to promote the re-germination of dormant buds. The dormant bud germination cycle is generally 15-20 days; maintain the temperature at 25-30℃ and the humidity at 60-80%.

[0049] Implement step S9. After the dormant buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain a new first branch. In November of winter, prune the new first branch to obtain a new G branch. Continue to cultivate the new G branch to obtain the fruiting branch for the following year. Continue to cultivate until the fruiting branch of the following year flowers, bears fruit, matures, and is harvested.

[0050] Then, by implementing steps S1 to S9, a major renewal pruning method is used to prune the fruiting branches every few years. This improves the flowering rate and fruit set rate of the fruiting branches, enhances the quality of grapes, and reduces the management difficulty caused by pruning.

[0051] In a specific pruning implementation, a section of G-branch was left each year, with three sizes of 3cm, 9cm, and 16cm for comparison. Six G-branch of each size were then cultivated, and the production effect was observed.

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] By comparing the data from the examples, it can be found that when the branch is pruned short at 3cm from the base of the first branch, the resulting G branch will flower earlier than the other two sizes (9cm and 16cm). The G branch is also superior to the other two sizes (9cm and 16cm) in terms of branch length, leaf size, and fruit set. Therefore, selecting a length of 2-5cm for pruning is beneficial for the cultivation of grape branches and can improve the flowering rate and yield of grapes.

[0057] Furthermore, step S6 includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S61: On sunny days, allow the greenhouse to air dry naturally for 3-5 days, stop applying water and fertilizer, maintain natural ventilation, reduce soil moisture, and provide 6-8 hours of sunlight per day to promote wound healing.

[0059] Step S62: If there is continuous rainy weather, stop watering and fertilizing, maintain natural ventilation, reduce soil moisture, and at the same time, bandage the wound with a thin film to promote wound healing.

[0060] In this embodiment, when the fruiting branches are pruned extensively on the main trunk, that is, when all G branches are cut off from the main trunk, sap flow will occur on the main trunk. The sap flow is mainly composed of water and mineral elements, and also contains organic nutrients such as proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, saponins, sugars and their glycosides, polyphenols and tannins. These are all closely related to the physiological functions of the plant. Excessive loss is not only wasteful, but also damages the tree itself. ① It delays the phenological period of grapes, causing bud break and flowering to be delayed; ② It also causes a certain downward trend in the bud break rate of grapes; ③ It leads to slower growth of grape shoots, reduced leaf area, and a certain decrease in inflorescence length. Therefore, the inventors added step S6 after the extensive pruning to dry the grapevines in the greenhouse, ensuring that the wound site has sufficient light and time for sun exposure, while ensuring natural ventilation. The drying time is generally selected as 3 to 5 days, with 6 to 8 hours of light per day. If the main trunk is pruned extensively and encounters rainy weather, the wound healing speed will be slow. A thin film can be used to wrap the sap flow site to stop the sap flow and promote wound healing.

[0061] Furthermore, the sedative in step S3 is calcium cyanamide and cyanamide.

[0062] In this embodiment, in order to quickly and effectively promote the germination of basal buds, the inventors selected calcium cyanamide and cyanamide as dormancy-breaking agents for basal buds. Through the action of calcium cyanamide and cyanamide, the rapid germination of basal buds is promoted, enabling the grapevines to carry out productive development.

[0063] Furthermore, it also includes water and fertilizer management, where the grapes are watered every 4 to 5 days during steps S1 to S3, S5 and S7.

[0064] In this embodiment, in order to promote the germination of basal buds, the grapevines are watered every 4 to 5 days to ensure the grapevines meet their water needs and increase the production rate of grape buds.

[0065] Furthermore, the pruning period for the fruiting branches in steps S2 and S5 is from May 1st to June 20th.

[0066] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the timely renewal of the fruiting branches of the grapevines, the time for step S5 should not be later than June 20th. This is to avoid the renewal being too late, which would prevent the first branch from receiving adequate sunlight and reduce the flowering rate of the fruiting branches cultivated after the first branch is pruned.

[0067] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for large-scale grape cultivation, characterized in that, The method involves selecting adaptable, early-maturing grape varieties, cultivating them in a greenhouse with the temperature controlled between 20-30℃, and employing integrated management techniques including pruning, irrigation, and fertilization. The method includes the following steps: Step S1: After the grapes are ripe and harvested, the fruiting branches on the main trunk are rejuvenated. The rejuvenation period is 7-15 days. Step S2: After rejuvenation, leave a basal bud near the base of the main stem on the fruiting branch, and remove all branches above the basal bud. Step S3: Cultivate basal bud germination. Spray dormancy-breaking agent on the basal buds. Maintain high temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse and lay the shade curtain outside the greenhouse on the outer surface of the greenhouse. Maintain the temperature at 25~30℃ and the humidity at 60~80%. The basal bud germination cultivation cycle is 7~15 days. Step S4: After the basal buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain the first branch. In November, the first branch is pruned back to 2-5 cm away from the main stem. A section of G branch is left on the main stem. Continue to cultivate the G branch to develop it and obtain the fruiting branch of the grape the following year. This process continues until the grapes flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested the following year. Step S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 several times until the total accumulated length of branch G exceeds 20cm; In step S2, after each grape harvest, a basal bud is reserved on the fruiting branch near the redevelopment point of the previous year's G branch, and all the branches above the basal bud are removed. In step S4, the first branch is pruned short 2-5 cm away from the redevelopment point of the previous year's G branch, and a new G branch is obtained on the previous year's G branch. Step S6: After the grapes are harvested again when they are ripe, rejuvenate the fruiting branches on the main stem. The rejuvenation period is 7 to 15 days. Cut off all the G branches left from the first branch after several short prunings on the main stem. Step S7: Based on step S5, dry the greenhouse for 3-5 days; Step S8: Re-germinate the dormant buds on the main stem, spray the dormant buds with a dormancy-breaking agent, maintain high temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse, and lay the shade curtain outside the greenhouse on the outer surface of the greenhouse. Maintain the temperature at 25~30℃ and the humidity at 60~80%. The dormant bud germination cultivation cycle is 15~20 days. Step S9: After the dormant buds sprout, continue to cultivate them to obtain the first branch. In November, the first branch is pruned back to 2-5cm from the bottom of the first branch. A new G branch is left on the main stem. Continue to cultivate the G branch to develop it and obtain the fruiting branch of the grape the following year. This process continues until the grapes flower, bear fruit, ripen, and are harvested the following year. Repeat steps S1 to S9 several times until the orchard is renewed.

2. The method for large-scale grape cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 includes the following steps: Step S61: On sunny days, allow the greenhouse to air dry naturally for 3-5 days, stop applying water and fertilizer, maintain natural ventilation, reduce soil moisture, and provide 6-8 hours of sunlight per day to promote wound healing. Step S62: If there is continuous rainy weather, stop watering and fertilizing, maintain natural ventilation, reduce soil moisture, and at the same time, bandage the wound with a thin film to promote wound healing.

3. The method for large-scale grape cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The somnolence-disrupting agent in step S3 is calcium cyanamide and cyanamide.

4. The method for large-scale grape cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes water and fertilizer management, in which the grapes are watered once every 4 to 5 days when implementing steps S1 to S3, S5 and S7.

5. The method for large-scale grape cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pruning period for the fruiting branches in steps S2 and S5 is from May 1st to June 20th.

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