A roof caving coal construction method based on controllable shock wave

Abstract

The application discloses a controllable shock wave based top coal caving construction method, comprising the following steps: after the coal cutter cuts coal, the top coal after being cut by the coal cutter is supported through a hydraulic support, and a blocking head of a blocking device abuts against the lower surface of the top coal; the coal cutter cuts coal again, the blocking device is moved out of a working hole, then a working end of a shock wave generator is inserted into the working hole, the shock wave generator is controlled to implement shock wave operation on the top coal, and then the hard and thick coal seam is cracked; the shock wave generator is moved out of the working hole, the blocking head of the blocking device is inserted into the working hole and abuts against the top coal again; after the coal cutter completes the current round of coal cutting, the hydraulic support is moved to a new position for support, a coal releasing window of the hydraulic support is opened, and the loose coal is collected through the coal releasing window and transported to a conveyor. The application solves the problems of large coal loss, high safety risk and difficulty in effectively caving the top coal in the hard and thick coal seam top coal caving method in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of coal mining technology, specifically relating to a top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mining, the caving method, also known as the natural collapse method, is suitable for easily collapsible immediate roofs or moderately stable roofs. Specifically, this involves removing the roof support structures near the goaf, allowing the immediate roof to collapse on its own. Roof management using the caving method has advantages such as simple mining technology, high recovery rate, low coal loss, and good economic benefits. Therefore, this goaf treatment technology has been widely used in mines both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, due to varying mechanical properties of coal seams, not all coal seams possess the property of spontaneous collapse, such as hard, thick coal seams. Influenced by the mechanical properties of the coal body and interbedded gangue layers, hard, thick coal seams often cannot collapse naturally. When encountering difficulties in roof caving at a fully mechanized mining face, auxiliary measures must be adopted, such as reciprocating support with roof caving supports, vibration, blasting, or injection of high-pressure water to weaken the roof, to induce collapse and thus achieve effective recovery of the top coal. Using vibratory blasting or hydraulic supports to repeatedly support the top coal through the opening results in significant coal loss. In the event of a gas explosion, the resulting impact will stir up coal dust, triggering a coal dust explosion and causing even more severe secondary damage. Using vibratory blasting for forced roof caving is a major measure to improve the top coal recovery rate, but it is highly prone to safety hazards, potentially causing equipment damage, personnel casualties, and safety accidents such as hurricanes caused by large-scale roof collapse at the fully mechanized mining face. Furthermore, the roof caving measure of injecting high-pressure water to weaken the roof sometimes cannot uniformly weaken the roof, making it difficult to control and effectively carry out roof caving. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves, which solves the problems of large coal loss, high safety risks, and difficulty in effectively caving top coal in existing methods for caving top coal in hard and thick coal seams.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Hydraulic supports and coal mining machines are arranged in the fully mechanized mining face. The working holes on the top wall of the roof beam are sealed by a sealing device. The water injection joint and cable joint at the rear end of the shock wave generator are connected to the water tank and the pulse power drive source, respectively.

[0007] After the coal mining machine cuts the coal, the top coal cut by the coal mining machine is supported by the hydraulic support, and the sealing head of the sealing device abuts against the lower surface of the top coal.

[0008] Repeat the following steps until the top coal caving operation is complete:

[0009] The coal mining machine cuts coal again. During this process, the sealing device is moved out of the working hole, and then the working end of the shock wave generator is inserted into the working hole so that the working end of the shock wave generator abuts against the lower surface of the top coal. The shock wave generator is controlled to perform shock wave operation on the top coal, thereby cracking the hard and thick coal seam.

[0010] Move the shock wave generator out of the working hole and insert the sealing head of the sealing device into the working hole to abut against the top coal again;

[0011] After the coal mining machine completes this round of coal cutting, the hydraulic support moves to a new position for support, and the coal discharge window of the hydraulic support is opened. The loosened coal is collected through the coal discharge window and transported by the conveyor.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the steps of removing the sealing device from the working hole and then inserting the working end of the shock wave generator into the working hole include:

[0013] When the sealing device seals the working hole, the moving plate on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is located between the upper sealing drive plate and the lower sealing drive plate;

[0014] The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to move, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the lower sealing drive plate to move downward through the moving plate. The lower sealing drive plate drives the sealing device to move downward in the sealing mounting seat until the lower sealing drive plate and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting seat abut.

[0015] The drive motor is controlled to move, and the drive motor drives the rack to move through the drive gear. The rack drives the slide plate to move on the slide rail, so that the upper sealing drive plate and the lower sealing drive plate are away from the moving plate, and thus the sealing device is away from the moving plate. After the slide plate moves into place, the moving plate is located between the upper shock wave drive plate and the lower shock wave drive plate.

[0016] The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to move, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the upper shock wave drive plate to move upward through the moving plate. The upper shock wave drive plate drives the shock wave generator to move upward in the shock wave mounting seat until the upper shock wave drive plate and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting seat abut together. At this time, the working end of the shock wave generator abuts against the lower surface of the top coal.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the step of controlling the shock wave generator to apply shock wave treatment to the top coal includes:

[0018] Open the valve of the water tank, and the water tank will inject water into the water injection space of the shock wave generator through the water injection pipe under the action of the water pump. Observe the reading of the pressure gauge on the water injection pipe. When the reading of the pressure gauge is the set value, the bladder at the front end of the shock wave generator will expand and stick to the lower surface of the top coal.

[0019] The shock wave generator is discharged by a pulsed power drive source. The shock wave generator generates a shock wave through a load. The shock wave performs work on the top coal under the transmission of the water medium in the bag and causes cracks in the top coal. The bag is made of insulating material. When the shock wave performs work, the bag remains in an inflated state.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the steps of removing the shock wave generator from the working hole and inserting the sealing head of the sealing device into the working hole to abut against the top coal again include:

[0021] The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to move, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the lower shock wave drive plate to move downward through the moving plate. The lower shock wave drive plate drives the shock wave generator to move downward in the shock wave mounting base until the lower shock wave drive plate and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base abut.

[0022] The drive motor is controlled to move, and the drive motor drives the rack to move through the drive gear. The rack drives the slide plate to move on the slide rail, so that the upper shock wave drive plate and the lower shock wave drive plate are away from the moving plate, and thus the shock wave generator is away from the moving plate. After the slide plate moves into place, the moving plate is located between the upper sealing drive plate and the lower sealing drive plate.

[0023] The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to move, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the upper sealing drive plate to move upward through the moving plate. The upper sealing drive plate drives the sealing device to move upward in the sealing mounting seat until the upper sealing drive plate and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting seat abut together. At this time, the sealing head of the sealing device abuts against the top coal.

[0024] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0025] This invention provides a top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves. After the sealing device blocks the working hole on the top wall of the roof beam, the hydraulic support can be moved to a new position for support, preventing the continuous falling of top coal debris from the working hole. After the sealing device is removed from the working hole, the debris falling from the working hole can be collected by a collection box below. When the shock wave generator needs to operate, its working end is inserted into the working hole, preventing the coal seam from scratching the shock wave generator's bag, thus reducing the frequency of maintenance. This invention induces fracturing in the top coal when the hydraulic support supports it, creating cracks within the coal seam. When the hydraulic support moves, the fractured coal seam collapses on its own, ensuring smooth coal mining. This invention induces fracturing in the top coal during coal cutting by the mining machine, thus not affecting the smooth cutting process or delaying the construction progress. This invention can also set different shock wave operation modes according to the strength of the coal seam to ensure that the coal seam collapses on its own. This invention does not employ existing auxiliary measures such as reciprocating support of top coal caving supports, vibration, blasting, or injection of high-pressure water to weaken the roof and induce it to collapse. Therefore, it is highly safe and can uniformly weaken the roof, thus enabling controllable and effective roof caving. This invention also eliminates the need for real-time shock wave operations to drill holes in the coal seam before coal cutting, so it will not affect the construction progress. The construction system of this invention can effectively mine hard and thick coal seams, making it highly practical and easy to promote and use. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the top coal caving construction system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydraulic support provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the state of the sealing head of the sealing device provided in the embodiment of the present invention sealing the working hole.

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the state of the sealing head of the sealing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention being removed from the working hole.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the sliding plate that drives the sealing device and the shock wave generator to move, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the vertical drive component driving the shock wave generator to move, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the working end of the shock wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention extending into the working hole.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the state when the shock wave generator provided in the embodiment of the present invention generates a shock wave.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the shock wave generator provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the shock wave generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 A flowchart of a top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Reference numerals: 1-Longwall mining face; 2-Top coal; 3-Hydraulic support; 31-Working hole; 32-Top wall; 33-Left side wall; 34-Right side wall; 4-Coal mining machine; 5-Shock wave generator; 51-Water injection joint; 52-Cable joint; 53-Upper shock wave drive plate; 54-Lower shock wave drive plate; 55-Outer cylinder; 56-Bag; 57-Load; 58-Insulator; 59-Water injection space; 510-Pressure ring; 511-Water pipe; 6-Sealing device; 61-Upper sealing drive plate; 62-Lower sealing drive plate; 63-Sealing head; 7-Moving mechanism; 71-Horizontal drive assembly; 72-Vertical drive assembly; 8-Slide plate; 9-Slide rail; 10-Drive motor; 11-Rack; 12-Sealing mounting base; 13-Shock wave mounting base; 14-Hydraulic cylinder; 15-Moving plate. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown in the figure, the top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves provided in this embodiment of the invention employs a top coal caving construction system. This system includes a hydraulic support 3, a coal mining machine 4, a shock wave generator 5, a sealing device 6, a moving mechanism 7, a pulse power drive source, and a water tank. The hydraulic support 3 and the coal mining machine 4 are arranged in the fully mechanized mining face 1, with the hydraulic support 3 supporting the top coal 2 cut by the coal mining machine 4. The shock wave generator 5 and the sealing device 6 are installed on the top beam of the hydraulic support 3 via the moving mechanism 7, and the top wall 32 of the top beam is provided with a working hole 31. A water injection connector 51 and a cable connector 52 are provided at the lower end of the shock wave generator 5. The shock wave generator 5 is a water-filled shock wave generator 5. The pulse power drive source and the water tank are located on the base of the hydraulic support 3. The pulse power drive source is electrically connected to the cable connector 52 via a cable. The water outlet of the water tank is connected to the water inlet of the water pump. The water outlet of the water pump is connected to the water inlet connector 51 via a water inlet pipe. A pressure gauge is installed on the water inlet pipe.

[0042] The top beam includes a top wall 32, and a left side wall 33 and a right side wall 34 disposed on both sides of the top wall 32. The upper ends of the left side wall 33 and the right side wall 34 are connected to the two sides of the top wall 32.

[0043] The moving mechanism 7 includes a lateral drive component 71 and a vertical drive component 72.

[0044] The lateral drive assembly 71 includes a slide plate 8, a slide rail 9, a drive motor 10, and a rack 11. The rack 11 is horizontally mounted on the slide plate 8, and the slide plate 8 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 9. The slide rail 9 is horizontally positioned. Both the slide rail 9 and the drive motor 10 are mounted on the left side wall 33 of the top beam. A drive gear is mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 10, and the drive gear meshes with the rack 11.

[0045] The sealing device 6 is mounted on one side of the slide plate 8 via the sealing mounting base 12, and the shock wave generator 5 is mounted on the other side of the slide plate 8 via the shock wave mounting base 13. The sealing device 6 is slidably installed in the sealing mounting base 12, and the side wall of the sealing device 6 is provided with an upper sealing drive plate 61 and a lower sealing drive plate 62 at intervals. The upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62 pass through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the sealing mounting base 12.

[0046] The shock wave generator 5 is slidably mounted inside the shock wave mounting base 13. An upper shock wave drive plate 53 and a lower shock wave drive plate 54 are spaced apart on the side wall of the shock wave generator 5, passing through vertical holes in the side wall of the shock wave mounting base 13. The upper sealing drive plate 61, the lower sealing drive plate 62, the upper shock wave drive plate 53, and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 are parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate 8.

[0047] The vertical drive assembly 72 includes a hydraulic cylinder 14 and a movable plate 15. The hydraulic cylinder 14 is mounted on the right side wall 34 of the top beam via a base. The movable plate 15 is mounted on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 and is parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate 8. After the slide plate 8 moves, the movable plate 15 partially overlaps with the upper sealing drive plate 61, the lower sealing drive plate 62, or the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 in the vertical direction.

[0048] The upper end of the sealing device 6 is provided with a sealing head 63. The sealing head 63 and the working hole 31 are structurally compatible. The sealing head 63 is made of metal and therefore has a set structural strength.

[0049] The shock wave generator 5 includes an outer cylinder 55, a bag 56, a load 57, an insulator 58, a high-voltage electrode, and a ground electrode. The outer cylinder 55 has a cylindrical structure with an opening at its front end for the shock wave to pass through. The bag 56 is made of a flexible insulating material and is a cylindrical structure with an open rear end, fitted onto the front end of the outer cylinder 55. An insulator 58 is located at the front of the outer cylinder 55, and the space within the outer cylinder 55 in front of the insulator 58 is a water injection space 59. The load 57 is located within the water injection space 59. The two ends of the load 57 are connected to the front ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, respectively. The rear ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode pass through the insulator 58 and are connected to a cable connector 52. The outlet of the water injection connector 51 is connected to the inlet of a water supply pipe 511, and the outlet of the water supply pipe 511 passes through the insulator 58 and extends into the water injection space 59. A solenoid valve is installed on the water supply pipe 511. The insulator 58 is sealed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 55, the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode, and the water pipe 511. The load 57 can be made of U-shaped metal wire.

[0050] The rear end of the bag 56 is fixed to the outer cylinder 55 by a pressure ring 510. The pressure ring 510 has an annular structure, and its rear section is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 55. The rear end of the bag 56 is clamped between the inner wall of the front section of the pressure ring 510 and the outer wall of the outer cylinder 55. The bag 56 can be removed after the pressure ring 510 is disassembled, facilitating replacement of the bag 56 or maintenance of its internal components. In this first embodiment, the pressure ring 510 is shorter, allowing the bag 56 to fit more closely to the top coal. In this second embodiment, the pressure ring 510 is longer to prevent the bag 56 from being damaged by friction against the borehole wall when it extends into the working hole 31.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0052] Hydraulic supports 3 and coal mining machines 4 are arranged in the longwall mining face 1. The working hole 31 of the top wall 32 of the top beam is sealed by the sealing device 6. The water injection connector 51 and cable connector 52 at the rear end of the shock wave generator 5 are connected to the water tank and the pulse power drive source, respectively.

[0053] After the coal mining machine 4 cuts the coal, the top coal 2 cut by the coal mining machine 4 is supported by the hydraulic support 3, and the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 abuts against the lower surface of the top coal 2.

[0054] Repeat the following steps until the top coal caving operation is complete:

[0055] The coal mining machine 4 cuts coal again. During this process, the sealing device 6 is moved out of the working hole 31, and then the working end of the shock wave generator 5 is inserted into the working hole 31 so that the working end of the shock wave generator 5 abuts against the lower surface of the top coal 2. The shock wave generator 5 is controlled to perform shock wave operation on the top coal 2, thereby cracking the hard and thick coal seam.

[0056] Move the shock wave generator 5 out of the working hole 31, and insert the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 into the working hole 31 to abut against the top coal 2 again.

[0057] After the coal mining machine 4 completes this round of coal cutting, the hydraulic support 3 moves to a new position for support, and the coal discharge window of the hydraulic support 3 is opened. The loosened coal is collected through the coal discharge window and transported by the conveyor.

[0058] After the sealing device 6 seals the working hole 31 of the top wall 32 of the top beam, it facilitates the movement of the hydraulic support 3 to a new position for support, preventing the continuous falling of top coal 2 debris from the working hole 31. After the sealing device 6 is removed from the working hole 31, the debris falling from the working hole 31 can be collected by the collection box below. When the shock wave generator 5 needs to work, its working end is inserted into the working hole 31, which can prevent the coal seam from scratching the bag 56 of the shock wave generator 5, thereby reducing the number of maintenance operations. This invention fracturing the top coal 2 while the hydraulic support 3 is supporting it can create cracks inside the coal seam. When the hydraulic support 3 moves, the fractured coal seam can collapse on its own, thus ensuring the smooth progress of coal mining. This invention fracturing the top coal 2 during coal cutting by the coal mining machine 4 will not affect the smooth progress of coal cutting or delay the construction schedule. This invention can also set different shock wave operation modes according to the strength of the coal seam to ensure that the coal seam can collapse on its own. This invention does not employ existing auxiliary measures such as reciprocating support of the top coal caving support, vibration, blasting, or injection of high-pressure water to weaken the roof and induce it to collapse. Therefore, it is highly safe and can uniformly weaken the roof, thus enabling controllable and effective roof caving. This invention also eliminates the need for real-time shock wave operation of drilling holes in the coal seam before coal cutting, so it will not affect the construction progress. The construction system of this invention can effectively mine hard and thick coal seams, thus it is highly practical and easy to promote and use.

[0059] In this embodiment, the steps of removing the sealing device 6 from the working hole 31 and then inserting the working end of the shock wave generator 5 into the working hole 31 include:

[0060] When the sealing device 6 seals the working hole 31, the movable plate 15 on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 is located between the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62. The movable plate 15 abuts against the upper sealing drive plate 61.

[0061] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the lower sealing drive plate 62 to move downward through the moving plate 15. The lower sealing drive plate 62 drives the sealing device 6 to move downward within the sealing mounting base 12 until the lower sealing drive plate 62 and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting base 12 abut against each other.

[0062] The drive motor 10 is controlled to move, and the drive motor 10 drives the rack 11 to move via the drive gear. The rack 11 drives the slide plate 8 to move on the slide rail 9, so that the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62 are moved away from the moving plate 15, thereby moving the sealing device 6 away from the moving plate 15. After the slide plate 8 moves into position, the moving plate 15 is located between the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54. After the slide plate 8 moves, the moving plate 15 changes from being located between the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62 to being located between the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54.

[0063] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the upper shock wave drive plate 53 to move upward through the moving plate 15. The upper shock wave drive plate 53 drives the shock wave generator 5 to move upward in the shock wave mounting base 13 until the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base 13 abut together. At this time, the working end of the shock wave generator 5 abuts against the lower surface of the top coal 2.

[0064] In this embodiment, the steps for controlling the shock wave generator 5 to perform shock wave operation on the top coal 2 include:

[0065] Open the valve of the water tank. Under the action of the water pump, the water tank injects water into the water injection space 59 of the shock wave generator 5 through the water injection pipe. Observe the reading of the pressure gauge on the water injection pipe. When the pressure gauge reading is the set value, the bladder 56 at the front end of the shock wave generator 5 expands and adheres to the lower surface of the top coal 2.

[0066] The shock wave generator 5 is discharged by the pulse power drive source. The shock wave generator 5 generates a shock wave through the load 57. The shock wave does work on the top coal 2 under the transmission of the water medium in the bag 56 and causes cracks in the top coal 2. The bag 56 is made of insulating material. When the shock wave does work, the bag 56 remains in an inflated state.

[0067] The present invention generates shock waves through the bag 56, which reduces the fracturing capacity compared with conventional operation methods. However, through experiments, the method of the present invention can meet the fracturing requirements of the top coal 2, thereby ensuring that the top coal 2 can collapse naturally and avoiding the problem of drilling holes in the top coal 2 required by conventional operation methods, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0068] In this embodiment, the steps of moving the shock wave generator 5 out of the working hole 31 and extending the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 into the working hole 31 to abut against the top coal 2 again include:

[0069] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the lower shock wave drive plate 54 to move downward through the moving plate 15. The lower shock wave drive plate 54 drives the shock wave generator 5 to move downward within the shock wave mounting base 13 until the lower shock wave drive plate 54 and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base 13 abut.

[0070] The drive motor 10 is controlled to move, and the drive motor 10 drives the rack 11 to move via the drive gear. The rack 11 drives the slide plate 8 to move on the slide rail 9, causing the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 to move away from the moving plate 15, thereby causing the shock wave generator 5 to move away from the moving plate 15. After the slide plate 8 moves into position, the moving plate 15 is located between the upper blocking drive plate 61 and the lower blocking drive plate 62. After the slide plate 8 moves, the moving plate 15 changes from being located between the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 to being located between the upper blocking drive plate 61 and the lower blocking drive plate 62.

[0071] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the upper sealing drive plate 61 to move upward through the moving plate 15. The upper sealing drive plate 61 drives the sealing device 6 to move upward within the sealing mounting base 12 until the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting base 12 abut against each other. At this time, the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 abuts against the top coal 2. The moving mechanism of the present invention has a simple structure, reasonable and reliable operation, is not prone to failure, and can meet the coal mining requirements.

[0072] In this embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A top-coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Hydraulic supports (3) and coal mining machines (4) are arranged in the longwall mining face (1). The working hole (31) of the top wall (32) of the top beam is sealed by the sealing device (6). The water injection connector (51) and cable connector (52) at the rear end of the shock wave generator (5) are connected to the water tank and the pulse power drive source, respectively. After the coal mining machine (4) cuts the coal, the top coal (2) after the coal mining machine (4) cuts the coal is supported by the hydraulic support (3), and the sealing head (63) of the sealing device (6) abuts against the lower surface of the top coal (2). Repeat the following steps until the top coal caving operation is complete: The coal mining machine (4) cuts coal again. During this process, the sealing device (6) is moved out of the working hole (31), and then the working end of the shock wave generator (5) is inserted into the working hole (31) so that the working end of the shock wave generator (5) abuts against the lower surface of the top coal (2). The shock wave generator (5) is controlled to perform shock wave operation on the top coal (2) to crack the hard thick coal seam. Move the shock wave generator (5) out of the working hole (31) and insert the plugging head (63) of the plugging device (6) into the working hole (31) and abut against the top coal (2) again. After the coal mining machine (4) completes this round of coal cutting, the hydraulic support (3) moves to a new position for support, and the coal discharge window of the hydraulic support (3) is opened. The loosened coal is collected through the coal discharge window and transported by the conveyor. The steps of removing the sealing device (6) from the working hole (31) and then inserting the working end of the shock wave generator (5) into the working hole (31) include: When the sealing device (6) seals the working hole (31), the moving plate (15) on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14) is located between the upper sealing drive plate (61) and the lower sealing drive plate (62); Control the hydraulic cylinder (14) to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14) drives the lower sealing drive plate (62) to move downward through the moving plate (15). The lower sealing drive plate (62) drives the sealing device (6) to move downward in the sealing mounting seat (12) until the lower sealing drive plate (62) and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting seat (12) abut against each other. The drive motor (10) is controlled to move. The drive motor (10) drives the rack (11) to move through the drive gear. The rack (11) drives the slide plate (8) to move on the slide rail (9), so that the upper sealing drive plate (61) and the lower sealing drive plate (62) are away from the moving plate (15), and the sealing device (6) is away from the moving plate (15). After the slide plate (8) moves into place, the moving plate (15) is located between the upper shock wave drive plate (53) and the lower shock wave drive plate (54). Control the hydraulic cylinder (14) to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14) drives the upper shock wave drive plate (53) to move upward through the moving plate (15). The upper shock wave drive plate (53) drives the shock wave generator (5) to move upward in the shock wave mounting base (13) until the upper shock wave drive plate (53) and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base (13) abut together. At this time, the working end of the shock wave generator (5) abuts against the lower surface of the top coal (2).

2. The top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for controlling the shock wave generator (5) to perform shock wave operation on the top coal (2) include: Open the valve of the water tank, and the water tank will inject water into the water injection space (59) of the shock wave generator (5) through the water injection pipe under the action of the water pump. Observe the reading of the pressure gauge on the water injection pipe. When the reading of the pressure gauge is the set value, the bag (56) at the front end of the shock wave generator (5) will expand and stick to the lower surface of the top coal (2). The shock wave generator (5) is discharged by a pulse power drive source. The shock wave generator (5) generates a shock wave through a load (57). The shock wave does work on the top coal (2) under the transmission of the water medium in the bag (56) and causes cracks in the top coal (2). The bag (56) is made of insulating material. When the shock wave does work, the bag (56) remains in an inflated state.

3. The top coal caving construction method based on controllable shock waves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of moving the shock wave generator (5) out of the working hole (31) and inserting the sealing head (63) of the sealing device (6) into the working hole (31) and abutting against the top coal (2) again include: Control the hydraulic cylinder (14) to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14) drives the lower shock wave drive plate (54) to move downward through the moving plate (15). The lower shock wave drive plate (54) drives the shock wave generator (5) to move downward in the shock wave mounting base (13) until the lower shock wave drive plate (54) and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base (13) abut against each other. The drive motor (10) is controlled to move. The drive motor (10) drives the rack (11) to move through the drive gear. The rack (11) drives the slide plate (8) to move on the slide rail (9), so that the upper shock wave drive plate (53) and the lower shock wave drive plate (54) are away from the moving plate (15), and the shock wave generator (5) is away from the moving plate (15). After the slide plate (8) moves into place, the moving plate (15) is located between the upper sealing drive plate (61) and the lower sealing drive plate (62). Control the hydraulic cylinder (14) to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14) drives the upper sealing drive plate (61) to move upward through the moving plate (15). The upper sealing drive plate (61) drives the sealing device (6) to move upward in the sealing mounting seat (12) until the upper sealing drive plate (61) and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting seat (12) abut together. At this time, the sealing head (63) of the sealing device (6) abuts against the top coal (2).

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