Abnormality detection system for combustor of gas turbine, combustor for gas turbine, gas turbine, and abnormality detection method for combustor of gas turbine

Abstract

An abnormality detection system for a combustor of a gas turbine includes a sensor configured to detect whether a spark plug that is arranged so as to be movable between an insertion position within a combustion cylinder of the combustor of the gas turbine and a retreat position that is retreated from the combustion cylinder is in the insertion position, and a diagnosis unit configured to perform an abnormality diagnosis of an ignition device including the spark plug based on a detection result of the sensor.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an abnormality detection system for a combustor of a gas turbine, a combustor for a gas turbine, a gas turbine, and an abnormality detection method for a combustor of a gas turbine.

[0002] This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-045354 filed on March 19, 2021, and the content thereof is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND

[0003] In the combustor of the gas turbine, ignition of the fuel is performed using a spark plug.

[0004] A gas turbine combustor is disclosed in Patent Literature 1, which has a spark plug disposed in a manner capable of advancing and retreating between a position inside a combustion cylinder and a position outside the combustion cylinder. In this combustor, when the spark plug is at the position inside the combustion cylinder, an ignition spark is generated by the spark plug, thereby igniting the fuel supplied to the combustor.

[0005] PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS

[0006] PATENT LITERATURE

[0007] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-18051 SUMMARY

[0008] PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0009] However, for the spark plug disposed in a manner capable of advancing and retreating in the combustion cylinder as described above, if the spark plug cannot be moved to the insertion position (ignition position) inside the combustion cylinder due to some factor, the fuel cannot be ignited, and the gas turbine cannot be properly started. In such a case, if the reason for the failed start is unknown, the re-start of the gas turbine and the ignition failure are sometimes repeated in vain.

[0010] In view of the above, it is an object of at least one embodiment of the present application to provide an abnormality detection system for a combustor of a gas turbine, a combustor for a gas turbine, a gas turbine, and an abnormality detection method for a combustor of a gas turbine, which can properly detect an abnormality of an ignition device including a spark plug.

[0011] SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM

[0012] The abnormality detection system for a combustor of a gas turbine according to at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0013] a sensor configured to detect whether a spark plug disposed in a manner capable of moving between an insertion position inside a combustion cylinder of a combustor of a gas turbine and a retreat position retreated from the combustion cylinder is at the insertion position; and

[0014] a diagnosis unit configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of an ignition device including the spark plug, based on the detection result of the sensor.

[0015] Further, the combustor for a gas turbine of at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0016] a fuel nozzle configured to inject fuel;

[0017] an ignition device including a spark plug configured to ignite the fuel injected from the fuel nozzle; and

[0018] the abnormality detection system described above is configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device.

[0019] Further, the gas turbine of at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0020] the combustor described above; and

[0021] a turbine configured to be driven by combustion gas generated by the combustor.

[0022] Further, the abnormality detection method of the combustor for a gas turbine of at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0023] a detection step of detecting whether a spark plug provided in a manner capable of moving between an insertion position in a combustion cylinder of a combustor for a gas turbine and a retreat position retreated from the combustion cylinder is in the insertion position; and

[0024] a step of performing abnormality diagnosis of an ignition device including the spark plug, based on the detection result in the detection step.

[0025] Effects of Invention

[0026] According to at least one embodiment of the present application, it is possible to provide an abnormality detection system of a combustor for a gas turbine, a combustor for a gas turbine, a gas turbine, and an abnormality detection method of a combustor for a gas turbine, which can appropriately detect abnormality of an ignition device including a spark plug. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic configuration view of a gas turbine of one embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic configuration view of a combustor of one embodiment.

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic configuration view of an abnormality diagnosis system of one embodiment.

[0030] Figure 4is an example of a timing chart showing a signal indicating an insertion instruction signal and a position of a spark plug.

[0031] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing an abnormality detection method of a combustor for a gas turbine according to an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of an output result of a diagnostic device according to an embodiment.

[0033] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing an abnormality detection method of a combustor for a gas turbine according to an embodiment.

[0034] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing an abnormality detection method of a combustor for a gas turbine according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Hereinafter, several embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings. The sizes, materials, shapes, relative arrangements thereof, and the like of the constituent components described in the embodiments or shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present application thereto, but are merely illustrative.

[0036] (Structure of gas turbine)

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine including a combustor as a diagnostic target of an abnormality detection system according to several embodiments. Figure 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a combustor as a diagnostic target of an abnormality detection system according to an embodiment.

[0038] As shown in Figure 1 , the gas turbine 1 is provided with a compressor 2 for generating compressed air, a combustor 4 for generating combustion gas using the compressed air and fuel, and a turbine 6 configured to be driven by the combustion gas to rotate. In the case of the gas turbine 1 for power generation, a generator not shown is linked to the turbine 6.

[0039] The compressor 2 includes a plurality of stationary vanes 16 fixed to the compressor casing 10 side and a plurality of moving vanes 18 planted to the rotor 8 in a manner of being alternately arranged with respect to the stationary vanes 16. Air taken in from the air intake port 12 is delivered to the compressor 2, and the air is compressed by the plurality of stationary vanes 16 and the plurality of moving vanes 18, thereby becoming compressed air of high temperature and high pressure.

[0040] Fuel and compressed air generated by the compressor 2 are supplied to the combustor 4, and the fuel is combusted in the combustor 4, thereby generating combustion gas as a working fluid of the turbine 6. As Figure 1As shown, the gas turbine 1 has multiple burners 4 arranged circumferentially around the rotor 8 (rotor axis C) within the casing 20.

[0041] The turbine 6 has a combustion gas passage 28 formed by the turbine housing 22, including a plurality of stationary blades 24 and moving blades 26 disposed in the combustion gas passage 28. The stationary blades 24 are fixed to the turbine housing 22 side, and the plurality of stationary blades 24 arranged circumferentially along the rotor 8 constitute a stationary blade cascade. In addition, the moving blades 26 are mounted on the rotor 8, and the plurality of moving blades 26 arranged circumferentially along the rotor 8 constitute a moving blade cascade. The stationary blade cascade and the moving blade cascade are arranged alternately in the axial direction of the rotor 8.

[0042] In turbine 6, combustion gas from burner 4 flows into combustion gas passage 28 and drives rotor 8 to rotate around rotor axis C via multiple stationary blades 24 and multiple moving blades 26. This drives generator connected to rotor 8 to generate electricity. The combustion gas driving turbine 6 is then discharged to the outside via exhaust chamber 30.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, at least any one of the plurality of burners 4 includes a housing 20 (see reference 20). Figure 1 The combustion chamber 40, the first nozzle 32 (fuel nozzle) and the second nozzle 36 (fuel nozzle) respectively disposed in the combustion chamber 40, and the ignition device 50.

[0044] The first nozzle 32 and the second nozzle 36 are respectively configured to be supplied with fuel from a combustion port (not shown) and to inject fuel into the combustion chamber 40. Swirlers 34 and 38 are provided around the first nozzle 32 and the second nozzle 36, respectively, from the compressor 2 (see reference 40). Figure 1 Compressed air is supplied into the combustion chamber 40 via swirlers 34 and 38. A fuel-air mixture is formed in the combustion chamber 40 by the fuel ejected from the first nozzle 32 and the second nozzle 36 and the air supplied via swirlers 34 and 38.

[0045] The ignition device 50 is configured to ignite a gas-fuel mixture containing fuel ejected from the first nozzle 32 and / or the second nozzle 36. The ignition device 50 includes a spark plug 52, a drive unit 53 for driving the spark plug 52, and a control unit 78 for controlling the drive unit 53 to drive the spark plug 52.

[0046] The spark plug 52 has a front end portion 52a configured to generate a spark. The spark plug 52 is driven by a driving portion 53, and is movable along the axial direction of the spark plug 52 between an insertion position 102 inside the combustion cylinder 40 and a retreat position 101 retreated from the combustion cylinder 40. Note that the axial direction of the spark plug 52 is a direction intersecting the axial direction of the combustion cylinder 40 (a direction substantially the same as the axial direction of the first nozzle 32 or the second nozzle 36).

[0047] The insertion position 102 is a specific position of the spark plug 52 in which at least the front end portion 52a of the spark plug 52 is positioned inside the combustion cylinder 40. When the spark plug 52 is in the insertion position 102, a spark is generated at the front end portion 52a of the spark plug 52, and the mixture gas inside the combustion cylinder 40 is ignited by the spark.

[0048] Typically, the insertion position 102 is a position in which the spark plug 52 is most inserted into the inside of the combustion cylinder 40. Typically, the retreat position is a position in which the spark plug 52 is most retreated from the combustion cylinder 40. Alternatively, when the spark plug 52 is in the retreat position, the front end portion 52a of the spark plug 52 is positioned outside the combustion cylinder 40.

[0049] The driving portion 53 is configured to move the spark plug 52 between the insertion position 102 and the retreat position 101. In the example embodiment shown in the drawing, the driving portion 53 is configured to move the spark plug 52 by air pressure. Figure 2 In the example embodiment shown in the drawing, the driving portion 53 is configured to drive the spark plug 52 by air pressure.

[0050] Figure 2 The driving portion 53 shown in the drawing includes a working cylinder 58 extending along the axial direction of the spark plug 52, and a piston 54 coupled to the spark plug 52 and slidable along the axial direction of the working cylinder 58 inside the working cylinder 58. A first chamber 60 on the spark plug 52 side and a second chamber 62 on the opposite side thereof are formed by the inner wall surface of the working cylinder 58 and the piston 54. Note that the working cylinder 58 is supported by a stationary portion such as the housing 20 of the combustor 4.

[0051] The driving portion 53 includes an air source 72 storing air to be supplied to the working cylinder 58, an air line 74 provided between the air source 72 and the working cylinder 58, and an air valve 76 provided to the air line 74. Air from the air source 72 can be supplied to the second chamber 62 of the working cylinder 58 via the air line 74, and the amount of air supplied to the second chamber 62 can be adjusted by the air valve 76.

[0052] The driving portion 53 includes a biasing member 59 biasing the piston 54 in a direction from the first chamber 60 toward the second chamber in the axial direction of the working cylinder 58. In the example embodiment shown in the drawing, the biasing member 59 is a spring provided to the first chamber 60. Figure 2 In the example embodiment shown in the drawing, the biasing member 59 is a spring provided to the first chamber 60.

[0053] The control section 78 is configured to send an insertion instruction signal for causing the spark plug 52 to be located at the insertion position 102 to the ignition device 50 at the timing of ignition of the gas turbine 1. In Figure 2 In the illustrative embodiment shown, the insertion instruction signal indicating the opening degree of the air valve 76 is sent from the control section 78 to the air valve 76.

[0054] The ignition device 50 having the above-described structure operates as follows. The spark plug 52 is normally located at the retreat position 101. When the insertion instruction signal is sent from the control section 78 in the state where the spark plug 52 is at the retreat position 101, the opening degree of the air valve 76 is adjusted in accordance with the insertion instruction signal, and air from the air source 72 is supplied to the second chamber 62 of the working cylinder 58 via the air line 74. The air pressure acting on the second chamber of the piston 54 overcomes the force of the force applying member 59, and the piston 54 moves toward the first chamber 60 from the second chamber 62. Note that at this time, the air in the first chamber 60 is released to the outside via a release portion (not shown) not shown. Along with this, the spark plug 52 moves from the retreat position 101 to the insertion position 102.

[0055] On the other hand, when the sending of the insertion instruction signal from the control section 78 is stopped in the state where the spark plug 52 is at the insertion position 102, the air valve 76 is closed, and the supply of air from the air source 72 to the second chamber 62 is stopped. The piston 54 moves toward the second chamber 62 from the first chamber 60 by the force of the force applying member 59 acting on the piston 54. Note that at this time, the air in the second chamber 62 is released to the outside via a release portion (not shown) not shown. Along with this, the spark plug 52 moves from the insertion position 102 to the retreat position 101.

[0056] (Structure of Abnormality Detection System)

[0057] Figure 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an abnormality diagnosis system according to an embodiment. As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the abnormality detection system 100 is provided with a sensor 70 for detecting whether the spark plug 52 is at the insertion position 102, and a diagnosis device 80 including a diagnosis section 86 configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device 50 based on the detection result of the sensor 70.

[0058] In Figure 2 the illustrative embodiment shown, the sensor 70 is supported to the working cylinder 58 via the mounting section 66. In addition, a movable section 68 that moves along the axial direction of the spark plug 52 together with the spark plug 52 is provided in opposition to the sensor 70. Figure 2 The movable section 68 shown is a flange section mounted to the rod 56 linked to the piston 54 on the opposite side of the spark plug 52.

[0059] In several embodiments, the sensor 70 is a sensor capable of detecting only whether the spark plug 52 is in the inserted position 102. In this case, the sensor 70 can also be configured to send an ON signal to the diagnosis device 80 only when the spark plug 52 is in the inserted position 102. The sensor 70 can also be a contact-type sensor (e.g., a limit sensor). In this case, the sensor 70 can also be configured to send the above-mentioned ON signal to the diagnosis device 80 when the sensor 70 comes into contact with the movable portion 68. Alternatively, the sensor 70 can also be a non-contact-type sensor (e.g., an eddy current sensor). In this case, the sensor 70 can also be configured to send the above-mentioned ON signal to the diagnosis device 80 when the sensor 70 approaches the movable portion 68 to a prescribed distance.

[0060] In several embodiments, the sensor 70 is a sensor capable of detecting the displacement amount of the spark plug 52 in the direction of movement (the direction along the axial direction of the spark plug 52) of the spark plug 52. In this case, the sensor 70 can also be configured to detect the distance L between the sensor 70 and the movable portion 68 in the axial direction of the spark plug 52, and send a signal indicating the detected distance to the diagnosis device 80.

[0061] The diagnosis device 80 is configured to receive and process the signal indicating the detection result related to the position of the spark plug 52 from the sensor 70, and / or the insertion instruction signal from the control portion 78. As shown in FIG. 8, the diagnosis device 80 can also be provided with at least one of the insertion time calculation portion 82, the insertion amount calculation portion 84, and the output portion 88, in addition to the diagnosis portion 86. Figure 3

[0062] The insertion time calculation portion 82 is configured to calculate the insertion time from the start of the insertion of the spark plug 52 in the retracted position 101 to the arrival of the spark plug 52 at the inserted position 102, based on the detection result of the sensor 70. In the ignition device 50, there is a tendency that the insertion time required from the start of the insertion of the spark plug 52 to the completion of the insertion becomes longer when an abnormality such as the seizure of the working cylinder 58, the decrease in air pressure, or the like occurs. Therefore, it is possible to detect the abnormality of the ignition device 50 based on the insertion time of the spark plug 52.

[0063] The insertion time calculation portion 82 can also calculate the length TI of the time from the time t1 (refer to FIG. 6) at which the insertion start signal from the control portion 78 is received to the time t2 (refer to FIG. 6) at which the signal indicating that the sensor 70 is in the inserted position 102 is received, as the above-mentioned insertion time. Note that, in the case where the sensor 70 is a contact-type sensor, the time t2 can be the time at which the sensor 70 comes into contact with the movable portion 68. In the case where the sensor 70 is a non-contact-type sensor, the time t2 can be the time at which the sensor 70 approaches the movable portion 68 to a prescribed distance. Figure 4 Figure 4 ) as the above-mentioned insertion time. Note that, in the case where the sensor 70 is a contact-type sensor, the time t2 can be the time at which the sensor 70 comes into contact with the movable portion 68. In the case where the sensor 70 is a non-contact-type sensor, the time t2 can be the time at which the sensor 70 approaches the movable portion 68 to a prescribed distance. Figure 4 ​​is an example of a timing chart of an insertion instruction signal received by the diagnosis device 80 and a signal indicating the position of the spark plug 52. With regard to the signal indicating the position of the spark plug 52, OFF indicates that the spark plug 52 is in the retracted position 101, and ON indicates that the spark plug 52 is in the inserted position 102.

[0064] The insertion amount calculating section 84 is configured to calculate the insertion amount of the spark plug 52 based on the detection result of the sensor 70. In the ignition device 50, there is a tendency that the insertion amount of the spark plug 52 becomes small when abnormality such as the attachment of the working cylinder 58 or the decrease in air pressure occurs. Therefore, it is possible to detect the abnormality of the ignition device 50 based on the insertion amount of the spark plug 52.

[0065] The insertion amount calculating section 84 can also calculate, as the insertion amount of the spark plug 52, the difference between the distance L (refer to FIG. 6) between the sensor 70 and the movable section 68 at the time point when the insertion start signal from the control section 78 is received and the minimum value of the distance L (the distance L when the sensor 70 is closest to the movable section 68) after the time point when the insertion start signal from the control section 78 is received. Figure 2

[0066] The diagnosis section 86 can also be configured to perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device 50 based on the insertion time calculated by the insertion time calculating section 82 or the insertion amount calculated by the insertion amount calculating section 84.

[0067] The output section 88 is configured to output the diagnosis result of the diagnosis section 86. Alternatively, the output section 88 can also be configured to output an alarm when it is determined by the diagnosis section 86 that the ignition device 50 has abnormality. The output section 88 can also include a device (a display or a speaker, etc.) configured to output the diagnosis result of the diagnosis section 86 or the above-described alarm as visual information or auditory information.

[0068] The diagnosis device 80 includes a computer provided with a processor (CPU, etc.), a storage device (a memory device; RAM, etc.), an auxiliary storage section, and an interface, etc. The diagnosis device 80 receives signals from the sensor 70 and / or the control section 78 via the interface. The processor is configured to process the signals thus received. In addition, the processor is configured to process the programs developed in the storage device. Thereby, the functions of the above-described functional sections (the diagnosis section 86, the insertion time calculating section 82, the insertion amount calculating section 84, or the output section 88) are realized.

[0069] The processing contents in the diagnosis device 80 are installed as programs executed by the processor. The programs can also be stored in the auxiliary storage section. When the programs are executed, these programs are developed in the storage device. The processor reads the programs from the storage device and executes the commands included in the programs.

[0070] ​With regard to the spark plug 52 that is provided in the combustion cylinder 40 in a manner capable of being advanced and retracted, if the spark plug 52 cannot be moved to the insertion position 102 (firing position) inside the combustion cylinder 40 due to some factor (for example, seizure in the working cylinder 58, insufficient air pressure to the working cylinder 58, or failure of the air supply system, etc.), the fuel ejected from the fuel nozzle cannot be ignited, and the gas turbine 1 cannot be properly started. In such a case, if the cause of the failed start is unknown, the re-start of the gas turbine 1 and the ignition failure can sometimes be repeated in vain.

[0071] In this regard, according to the abnormality detection system 100 configured as described above, it is possible to detect whether or not the spark plug 52 is in the insertion position 102 inside the combustion cylinder 40 by the sensor 70, and thus it is possible to properly perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device 50 based on the detection result. Therefore, even in a case where it is assumed that the abnormality of the ignition device 50 is detected, it is possible to take measures in or before the start of the gas turbine 1, and it is possible to perform the rapid start of the gas turbine 1.

[0072] In several embodiments, the diagnosis section 86 is configured to perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device 50 based on the detection result of the sensor 70 in the start of the gas turbine 1 and before the ignition of the fuel in the combustor 4.

[0073] By performing the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device 50 in the start of the gas turbine 1 and before the ignition in the combustor 4 as such, it is easy to grasp the cause when the gas turbine 1 cannot be started. Therefore, it is possible to effectively reduce the number of vain re-starts of the gas turbine 1 accompanying the ignition failure.

[0074] (Abnormality detection procedure of the combustor for a gas turbine)

[0075] Hereinafter, the procedure of the abnormality detection of the combustor 4 including the ignition device 50 will be described. Figure 5 、 7 FIGS. 8 are flowcharts each showing an abnormality detection method of the combustor 4 for a gas turbine 1 according to an embodiment. Note that, hereinafter, a case where the abnormality detection method of the combustor according to an embodiment is executed using the abnormality detection system 100 including the diagnosis device 80 described above will be described, but in several embodiments, the abnormality detection method of the combustor can be executed using other devices, or in several embodiments, a part or all of the procedures described below can be performed manually.

[0076] In Figure 5 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, as the sensor 70, a sensor that can only detect whether or not the spark plug 52 is in the insertion position 102, or a sensor that can detect the displacement amount of the spark plug 52 can be used.

[0077] In Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, first, an insertion instruction signal of the spark plug 52 is sent from the control section 78 at the start of the gas turbine 1 and before ignition in the combustor 4. The insertion instruction signal sent as such is received by the diagnosis device 80 and the ignition device 50 (S102). Note that until just before the insertion instruction signal is sent, the spark plug 52 is located at the retracted position 101.

[0078] If the insertion instruction signal is received in step S102, the ignition device 50 operates as described above, and the spark plug 52 moves from the retracted position 101 to the insertion position 102. If the sensor 70 detects that the spark plug 52 is in the insertion position 102, the detection signal is sent to the diagnosis device 80 (S104).

[0079] The insertion time calculation section 82 calculates the insertion time TI of the spark plug 52 based on the insertion instruction signal received in step S102 and the signal from the sensor 70 received in step S104 (refer to FIG. 6) (S106). Figure 4

[0080] Next, the diagnosis section 86 compares the insertion time TI calculated in step S106 with the threshold value (S108). When the result of the comparison in step S108 is that the insertion time TI is below the threshold value (NO in S108), the diagnosis section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is normal (S109). On the other hand, when the result of the comparison in step S108 is that the insertion time TI is greater than the threshold value (YES in S108), the diagnosis section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is abnormal (S110).

[0081] Next, the output section 88 outputs the result obtained in steps S108 to S110 (S114). It is also possible that when it is determined in steps S108 to S110 that the ignition device 50 is abnormal, the output section 88 outputs an alarm in step S114.

[0082] When it is determined that the ignition device 50 is normal by performing the above-described procedures (step S109), the start of the gas turbine 1 is completed. On the other hand, when it is determined that the ignition device 50 is abnormal by performing the above-described procedures (step S110), the start procedure of the gas turbine 1 is stopped, the inspection of the ignition device 50 is performed, and after the abnormality of the ignition device is removed, the start procedure of the gas turbine 1 is started again.

[0083] Note that the diagnosis device 80 can also accumulate the calculated insertion time in a storage section (external storage device, internal storage device) each time the insertion time is calculated in step S106. The output section 88 can also output a graph showing the change over time of the insertion time accumulated in the storage section (refer to FIG. 6) (S116). Figure 6 ​to the display section such as a display. In addition, the output section 88 can also output the threshold value Tlth used in step S108 (refer to Figure 6 ) to the display section together with the insertion time calculated in step S106. Note that, Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of the output result of the output section 88 (diagnostic device 80) of one embodiment.

[0084] As described above, by expressing the temporal change of the insertion time calculated in the past as a graph, it is possible to easily grasp the tendency of the change in the insertion feeling. Therefore, for example, it is possible to predict the period in which the insertion time exceeds the threshold value, and it is possible to efficiently perform maintenance of the combustor 4 and the like.

[0085] In the embodiment shown in Figure 7 , as the sensor 70, a sensor capable of detecting the displacement amount of the spark plug 52 can be used.

[0086] In the embodiment shown in Figure 7 , in step S202, the diagnostic device 80 and the ignition device 50 receive the insertion instruction signal from the control section 78 (S102) as in step S102 of the embodiment shown in Figure 5

[0087] Upon receiving the insertion instruction signal in step S202, the ignition device 50 operates as described above, and the spark plug 52 moves from the retreat position 101 to the insertion position 102. Upon the sensor 70 detecting the displacement amount of the spark plug 52, the detection signal is sent to the diagnostic device 80 (S204).

[0088] The insertion amount calculation section 84 calculates the insertion amount of the spark plug 52 based on the insertion instruction signal received in step S202 and the signal from the sensor 70 received in step S204 (S206).

[0089] Next, the diagnostic section 86 compares the insertion amount calculated in step S206 with the threshold value (S208). When the result of the comparison in step S208 is that the insertion amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value (NO in S208), the diagnostic section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is normal (S209). On the other hand, when the result of the comparison in step S208 is that the insertion amount is less than the threshold value (YES in S208), the diagnostic section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is abnormal (S210).

[0090] Next, the output section 88 outputs the result obtained in steps S208 to S210 (S214). It can also be that, when it is determined in steps S208 to S210 that the ignition device 50 is abnormal, the output section 88 outputs an alarm in step S214.

[0091] ​When it is determined that the ignition device 50 is not abnormal by performing the above procedure (step S209), the start of the gas turbine 1 is completed. On the other hand, when it is determined that the ignition device 50 is abnormal by performing the above procedure (step S210), the start procedure of the gas turbine 1 is stopped, the inspection of the ignition device 50 is performed, and after the abnormality of the ignition device is removed, the start procedure of the gas turbine 1 is started again.

[0092] Figure 8 The embodiment shown is Figure 5 a modification of the embodiment shown. Note that in one embodiment, the procedure Figure 7 of the same modification of the embodiment shown.

[0093] In the embodiment shown Figure 8 , first, in the diagnosis device 80, the counter (i) is set to 1 (S301). Also, by the same procedure as steps S102 to S106 in the embodiment shown, steps S302 to S306 are performed, and the insertion time TI of the spark plug 52 is calculated. Figure 5

[0094] Next, the diagnosis section 86 compares the insertion time TI calculated in step S306 with the threshold value (S308). When the result of the comparison in step S308 is that the insertion time TI is below the threshold value (NO in S308), the diagnosis section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is not abnormal (S309), and proceeds to the next step S314.

[0095] On the other hand, when the result of the comparison in step S308 is that the insertion time TI is greater than the threshold value (YES in S308 and YES in S310), it can be determined that there is a possibility that the ignition device 50 is abnormal. Therefore, an alarm is output by the output section 88 (S316), and the counter (i) is incremented (S318), and the procedure of steps S302 to S308 is repeated.

[0096] When the result of the comparison in the second step S308 is that the insertion time TI is below the threshold value (NO in S308), the diagnosis section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is not abnormal (S309), and proceeds to the next step S314. On the other hand, when the result of the comparison in the second step S308 is that the insertion time TI is greater than the threshold value (YES in S308 and NO in S310), the diagnosis section 86 determines that the ignition device 50 is abnormal (S312), and proceeds to the next step S314.

[0097] In step S314, the same procedure as Figure 5 ​In step S114, the output section 88 outputs the result obtained in steps S308 to S312 (S314). Alternatively, when it is determined in steps S308 to S312 that the ignition device 50 has an abnormality, the output section 88 outputs an alarm in step S314.

[0098] When it is determined through the above-described procedures that the ignition device 50 has no abnormality (step S309), the start of the gas turbine 1 is completed. On the other hand, when it is determined through the above-described procedures that the ignition device 50 has an abnormality (step S312), the start procedure of the gas turbine 1 is stopped, and the inspection of the ignition device 50 is performed. After the abnormality of the ignition device is removed, the start procedure of the gas turbine 1 is started again.

[0099] Even in the case where the spark plug 52 does not operate properly, the spark plug 52 can operate properly by trying the same operation again. In this regard, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, even in the case where it is temporarily determined that the ignition device 50 has an abnormality, the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device 50 is performed again using the detection result of the sensor 70, and thus it is possible to reduce the number of times or the time of stopping the start of the gas turbine 1 accompanying the abnormality determination of the ignition device 50. Figure 8

[0100] The content described in each of the above-described embodiments is grasped, for example, as follows.

[0101] (1) An abnormality detection system (100) for a combustor (4) of a gas turbine (1) according to at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0102] a sensor (70) configured to detect whether a spark plug (52) that is arranged so as to be movable between an insertion position (102) within a combustion cylinder (40) of a gas turbine combustor and a retreat position (101) retreated from the combustion cylinder is in the insertion position; and

[0103] a diagnosis section (86) configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of an ignition device (50) including the spark plug based on a detection result of the sensor.

[0104] According to the above-described (1), it is possible to detect whether the spark plug is in the insertion position within the combustion cylinder by the sensor, and thus it is possible to appropriately perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device based on the detection result. Therefore, it is possible to perform the handling in the start of the gas turbine or before the start even in the case where the abnormality of the ignition device is detected, and it is possible to perform the rapid start of the gas turbine.

[0105] (2) In several embodiments, on the basis of the structure of the above-described (1),

[0106] ​The abnormality detection system includes an insertion time calculation unit (84) configured to calculate, based on a detection result of the sensor, an insertion time from when the spark plug starts to be inserted to when the spark plug reaches the insertion position,

[0107] The diagnosis unit is configured to diagnose an abnormality of the ignition device based on the insertion time.

[0108] According to the insight of the present inventors, when an abnormality occurs in the ignition device including the spark plug, there is a tendency that an insertion time required from when the insertion of the spark plug starts to when the insertion is completed becomes longer. According to the structure of the above (2), the insertion time required from when the insertion of the spark plug starts to when the insertion is completed is calculated based on the detection result of the sensor, and thus an abnormality of the ignition device can be appropriately detected based on the calculated insertion time.

[0109] (3) In some embodiments, the structure of the above (2) is further provided with

[0110] The diagnosis unit is configured to determine that an abnormality exists in the ignition device when the insertion time is greater than a threshold value.

[0111] According to the structure of the above (3), an abnormality of the ignition device can be appropriately detected based on a comparison between the insertion time calculated based on the detection result of the sensor and the threshold value.

[0112] (4) In some embodiments, the structure of the above (1) is further provided with

[0113] The abnormality detection system includes an insertion amount calculation unit (84) configured to calculate, based on a detection result of the sensor, an insertion amount of the spark plug,

[0114] The diagnosis unit is configured to diagnose an abnormality of the ignition device based on the insertion amount.

[0115] According to the insight of the present inventors, when an abnormality occurs in the ignition device including the spark plug, there is a tendency that an insertion amount required from when the insertion of the spark plug starts to when the insertion is completed becomes smaller. According to the structure of the above (4), the insertion amount of the spark plug is calculated based on the detection result of the sensor, and thus an abnormality of the ignition device can be appropriately detected based on the calculated insertion amount.

[0116] (5) In some embodiments, the structure of the above (4) is further provided with

[0117] The diagnosis unit is configured to determine that an abnormality exists in the ignition device when the insertion amount is less than a threshold value.

[0118] According to the structure of the above (5), based on a comparison of the insertion amount calculated from the detection result of the sensor with the threshold value, the abnormality of the ignition device can be appropriately detected.

[0119] (6) In several embodiments, the structure of any one of the above (1) to (3) is used as a basis,

[0120] The sensor is a sensor that can only detect whether the spark plug is in the insertion position.

[0121] According to the structure of the above (6), a sensor that can only detect whether the spark plug is in the insertion position is used, so that the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device can be performed by a simple structure of comparison.

[0122] (7) In several embodiments, the structure of any one of the above (1) to (6) is used as a basis,

[0123] The sensor is a sensor that can detect the displacement amount of the spark plug in the moving direction of the spark plug.

[0124] According to the structure of the above (7), a sensor that can detect the displacement amount of the spark plug is used, so that the position of the spark plug can be quantitatively understood. Thus, the state of the ignition device can be more detailed, and the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device can be more detailed.

[0125] (8) In several embodiments, the structure of any one of the above (1) to (7) is used as a basis,

[0126] The abnormality detection system has an output unit (88) configured to output an alarm when it is determined by the diagnosis unit that the ignition device has an abnormality,

[0127] The diagnosis unit is configured to, after outputting the alarm, perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device again based on the detection result of the sensor.

[0128] Even in the case where the spark plug does not operate properly, there is a case where the spark plug operates properly by trying the same operation again. According to the structure of the above (8), even in the case where it is temporarily determined that the ignition device has an abnormality, the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device is performed again using the detection result in the sensor, so that the number of times of start and stop of the gas turbine or the stop time of the gas turbine accompanying the determination of the abnormality of the ignition device can be reduced.

[0129] (9) In several embodiments, the structure of any one of the above (1) to (8) is used as a basis,

[0130] The diagnosis unit is configured to, in the start of the gas turbine including the combustor and before ignition in the combustor, perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device based on the detection result of the sensor.

[0131] According to the structure of the above (9), abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device is performed in the start of the gas turbine and before ignition in the combustor, so the cause can be easily grasped when the gas turbine cannot be started. Therefore, the number of futile restarts of the gas turbine accompanying ignition failure can be reduced.

[0132] (10) The combustor (4) for a gas turbine according to at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0133] a fuel nozzle (32, 36) for ejecting fuel;

[0134] an ignition device (50) including a spark plug (52) configured to ignite the fuel ejected from the fuel nozzle; and

[0135] The abnormality detection system (100) according to any one of the above (1) to (9) is configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device.

[0136] According to the structure of the above (10), whether the spark plug is in the insertion position inside the combustion cylinder can be detected by the sensor, so based on the detection result, the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device can be appropriately performed. Therefore, even in a case where it is assumed that the abnormality of the ignition device is detected, the handling can be performed in the start of the gas turbine or before the start, so the gas turbine can be rapidly started.

[0137] (11) The gas turbine (1) according to at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0138] the combustor (4) according to the above (10); and

[0139] a turbine (6) configured to be driven by combustion gas generated by the combustor.

[0140] According to the structure of the above (11), whether the spark plug is in the insertion position inside the combustion cylinder can be detected by the sensor, so based on the detection result, the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device can be appropriately performed. Therefore, even in a case where it is assumed that the abnormality of the ignition device is detected, the handling can be performed in the start of the gas turbine or before the start, so the gas turbine can be rapidly started.

[0141] (12) The abnormality detection method for a combustor for a gas turbine according to at least one embodiment of the present application includes:

[0142] a detection step (S104, S204, S304) of detecting whether a spark plug disposed so as to be movable between an insertion position inside a combustion cylinder of a combustor for a gas turbine and a retreat position retreated from the combustion cylinder is in the insertion position; and

[0143] A step of diagnosing an abnormality of an ignition device including the spark plug based on the detection result in the detection step (S108-S110, S208-S210, S308-S312).

[0144] According to the method of the above (12), it is detected whether the spark plug is in the inserted position in the combustion cylinder, and thus based on the detection result, the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device can be appropriately performed. Therefore, even in a case where it is assumed that the abnormality of the ignition device is detected, the handling can be performed at or before the start of the gas turbine, and the rapid start of the gas turbine can be performed.

[0145] The above describes the embodiments of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes a mode in which the above-described embodiments are modified, and a mode in which these modes are appropriately combined.

[0146] In the present specification, expressions indicating relative or absolute arrangement such as "in a certain direction", "along a certain direction", "parallel", "orthogonal", "center", "concentric", or "coaxial" indicate not only such arrangement in a strict sense, but also a state in which there is a tolerance, or an angle, a distance, or the like, which can obtain the same function, and which is relatively displaced.

[0147] For example, expressions indicating a state in which things are equal such as "same", "equal", and "homogeneous" indicate not only a state in which they are strictly equal, but also a state in which there is a difference, which can obtain the same function, within a range in which the same effect can be obtained.

[0148] In addition, in the present specification, expressions indicating shapes such as quadrangular shape, cylindrical shape, and the like indicate not only shapes in a strict sense of geometry such as quadrangular shape, cylindrical shape, and the like, but also shapes including concave-convex portions, chamfered portions, and the like within a range in which the same effect can be obtained.

[0149] In addition, in the present specification, expressions such as "provided with", "including", or "having" one component are not exclusive expressions.

[0150] Explanation of Reference Signs:

[0151] 1... gas turbine;

[0152] 2... compressor;

[0153] 4... combustor;

[0154] 6... turbine;

[0155] 8... rotor;

[0156] 10... compressor casing;

[0157] 12... air intake port;

[0158] 16 stationary vane

[0159] 18 moving vane

[0160] 20 housing

[0161] 22 turbine chamber

[0162] 24 stationary vane

[0163] 26 moving vane

[0164] 28 combustion gas passage

[0165] 30 exhaust chamber

[0166] 32 first nozzle

[0167] 34 swirler

[0168] 36 second nozzle

[0169] 38 swirler

[0170] 40 combustion tube

[0171] 50 ignition device

[0172] 52 spark plug

[0173] 52a tip portion

[0174] 53 drive portion

[0175] 54 piston

[0176] 56 rod

[0177] 58 working cylinder

[0178] 59 force applying member

[0179] 60 first chamber

[0180] 62 second chamber

[0181] 66 mounting portion

[0182] 68 movable portion

[0183] 70 sensor

[0184] 72 air source

[0185] 74 air line

[0186] 76 air valve

[0187] 78 control portion

[0188] 80 … diagnostic device;

[0189] 82 … insertion time calculation section;

[0190] 84 … insertion amount calculation section;

[0191] 86 … diagnosis section;

[0192] 88 … output section;

[0193] 100 … abnormality detection system;

[0194] 101 … retracted position;

[0195] 102 … inserted position;

[0196] C … rotor axis.

Claims

1. An abnormality detection system for a combustor of a gas turbine, wherein the abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine is provided with: a sensor for detecting whether a spark plug provided so as to be movable between an insertion position in a combustion tube of a combustor of a gas turbine and a retreat position retreated from the combustion tube is in the insertion position; and a diagnosis section configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of an ignition device including the spark plug based on a detection result of the sensor, the spark plug is configured to be moved between the insertion position and the retreat position in an axial direction of the spark plug by a driving section including a working cylinder extending in the axial direction and a piston slidable in the axial direction inside the working cylinder, the sensor is attached to the working cylinder and disposed so as to face a movable section in the axial direction, the movable section being attached to a rod linked to the piston on a side opposite to the spark plug in the axial direction.

2. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine is provided with an insertion time calculation section configured to calculate an insertion time from when the spark plug starting to be in the retreat position is inserted to when the spark plug reaches the insertion position based on the detection result of the sensor, the diagnosis section is configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device based on the insertion time.

3. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to claim 2, wherein the diagnosis section is configured to determine that the ignition device has an abnormality when the insertion time is greater than a threshold value.

4. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine is provided with an insertion amount calculation section configured to calculate an insertion amount of the spark plug based on the detection result of the sensor, the diagnosis section is configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device based on the insertion amount.

5. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to claim 4, wherein the diagnosis section is configured to determine that the ignition device has an abnormality when the insertion amount is less than a threshold value.

6. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor is a sensor capable of detecting only whether the spark plug is in the insertion position.

7. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor is a sensor capable of detecting an amount of displacement of the spark plug in a moving direction of the spark plug.

8. The abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the abnormality detection system for the combustor of the gas turbine is provided with an output section configured to output an alarm when it is determined by the diagnosis section that the ignition device has an abnormality, The diagnosis unit is configured to perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device again based on the detection result of the sensor after the output of the alarm.

9. The abnormality detection system of a combustor for a gas turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The diagnosis unit is configured to perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device based on the detection result of the sensor before the ignition in the combustor in the start of a gas turbine including the combustor.

10. A combustor for a gas turbine, wherein The combustor for a gas turbine includes: a fuel nozzle for ejecting fuel; an ignition device including a spark plug configured to ignite the fuel ejected from the fuel nozzle; and The abnormality detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is configured to perform the abnormality diagnosis of the ignition device.

11. A gas turbine, wherein The gas turbine includes: the combustor according to claim 10; and a turbine configured to be driven by combustion gas generated by the combustor.

12. An abnormality detection method of a combustor for a gas turbine, wherein The abnormality detection method of a combustor for a gas turbine includes: a detection step of detecting whether a spark plug disposed in a manner movable between an insertion position within a combustion cylinder of a combustor for a gas turbine and a retreat position retreated from the combustion cylinder is in the insertion position; and a step of performing an abnormality diagnosis of an ignition device including the spark plug based on a detection result in the detection step, The spark plug is configured to be moved between the insertion position and the retreat position in an axial direction of the spark plug by a driving unit including a working cylinder extending in the axial direction and a piston slidable in the axial direction inside the working cylinder, In the detection step, whether the spark plug is in the insertion position is detected using a sensor mounted to the working cylinder and disposed to face a movable unit on the opposite side of the spark plug in the axial direction, the movable unit being mounted to a rod linked to the piston on the opposite side of the spark plug in the axial direction.

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