An apparatus and method for forming a sheet

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of plate forming, and discloses a device and a method for plate forming, the device comprising: a base provided with a stamping groove and two first inclined surfaces, the two first inclined surfaces being located at two oppositely arranged groove tops of the stamping groove, and an included angle between the first inclined surface and a side wall of the stamping groove being smaller than an included angle formed by a vertical plate and a top plate of a stamping part; a center stamping assembly comprising a center pressing block and a first driving mechanism for driving the center pressing block to reciprocate along a depth direction of the stamping groove; and a side stamping assembly comprising two side pressing blocks and two second driving mechanisms for respectively driving the two side pressing blocks to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove; the device of the present application enables the stamping part of the hot forming to have a bending allowance, can effectively reduce the adverse effect of the springback of the plate on the forming angle, does not need to additionally set a drawing rib, avoids design experiments of the drawing rib, improves the utilization rate of the plate, and reduces the production cost of the Z-shaped plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sheet metal forming technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for sheet metal forming. Background Technology

[0002] Z-shaped profiles, as an important raw material in industry, are mostly produced through thermoforming processes. The forming angle of the Z-shaped profile is a crucial parameter for product qualification. However, sheet metal will experience springback after thermoforming. Z-shaped profiles are mostly stamped parts, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the horizontal plates at both ends of the Z-shaped stamping part are the top plates, the vertical plates connecting the top plates at both ends are the vertical plates, and the horizontal plates in the middle are the bottom plates. The springback of the sheet metal during hot forming is mainly due to the phenomenon that the top and vertical plates will recover their original shape to a certain extent after being stamped and bent. Therefore, the amount of springback of the sheet metal will directly affect the final forming angle of the Z-shaped profile, making it difficult to control the forming angle of the Z-shaped profile in the hot forming process and making it difficult to ensure the pass rate of product manufacturing.

[0003] In related technologies, to address the springback issue of sheet metal, draw beads are typically embedded in the die to reduce springback and significantly minimize the adverse effects on the forming angle of the Z-shaped profile. The height and geometry of the draw beads are two crucial factors influencing springback. However, determining the draw bead height is challenging. If the height is too low, it may not achieve the required 2% post-tensile strain within the sheet metal sidewall, potentially resulting in significant springback. Conversely, if the height is too high, it may exert excessive constraint on the sheet metal, leading to shear fracture at the draw bead or punch fillet. Therefore, determining the appropriate draw bead height requires extensive simulation and experimentation. Furthermore, the special geometry of the draw bead necessitates additional machining, increasing die manufacturing costs. Additionally, the presence of draw beads on the formed sheet necessitates the removal of the beaded portion, resulting in material waste and reduced material utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the issues in related technologies regarding sheet metal thermoforming processes. While embedding draw beads in the mold reduces springback during thermoforming, this requires extensive simulation experiments on the structural dimensions of the draw beads, leading to sheet metal waste and high production costs. This invention provides a sheet metal forming apparatus and method that effectively reduces the adverse effects of sheet metal springback on the forming angle. It eliminates the need for additional draw beads, avoids draw bead design experiments, improves sheet metal utilization, and reduces the production cost of Z-shaped sheets.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A first aspect provides an apparatus for forming sheet metal, used for forming a Z-shaped stamped part, the apparatus comprising:

[0007] The base is provided with a stamping groove and two first inclined surfaces. The two first inclined surfaces are located at the top of the two opposite grooves of the stamping groove. The angle between the first inclined surfaces and the sidewall of the stamping groove is smaller than the angle formed by the upright plate and the top plate of the stamped part.

[0008] A center stamping assembly includes a center pressing block and a first drive mechanism that drives the center pressing block to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove;

[0009] The edge stamping assembly includes two edge pressing blocks and two second drive mechanisms that drive the two edge pressing blocks to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove.

[0010] The central pressing block moves into the stamping groove under the drive of the first driving mechanism, so that the middle part of the plate to be stamped enters the stamping groove. The side pressing blocks abut against the plate to be stamped under the drive of the second driving mechanism, so that the two sides of the plate to be stamped abut against the first inclined surface.

[0011] The sheet metal forming apparatus provided in the first aspect controls the inclination of the first inclined surface so that the thermoformed stamped part has a bending allowance. When the stamped part springs back, the amount of springback and the bending allowance can be partially offset. Thus, a qualified Z-shaped profile can be obtained by slight correction without the need for additional draw beads. This avoids the design experiment of draw beads, improves the utilization rate of sheet metal, and reduces the production cost of Z-shaped sheet metal.

[0012] In some alternative embodiments, the device further includes a forming assembly comprising two forming blocks and two third driving mechanisms that drive the two forming blocks to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove. The two forming blocks are located on both sides of the central pressure block along the width direction of the stamping groove and between the two side pressure blocks. The two forming blocks enter the stamping groove under the drive of the third driving mechanisms and act on the connection between the upright plate and the bottom plate of the stamped part.

[0013] In some alternative embodiments, the angle between the sidewall and the bottom surface of the stamping groove is smaller than the angle between the upright plate and the bottom plate of the stamped part, and the forming block has a side surface that matches the sidewall of the stamping groove.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the base includes: a body having a stamping cavity with an opening; two first pads, both connected to the body and located on both sides of the stamping cavity along a first direction, each of the two first pads having a first inclined surface; and two second pads, both connected to the stamping cavity and disposed opposite to each other, the two second pads and the bottom surface of the stamping cavity forming the stamping groove, the opposite sides of the two second pads forming the sidewalls of the stamping groove.

[0015] In some alternative embodiments, the central pressure block is provided with two guide surfaces arranged opposite each other along a first direction.

[0016] In some alternative implementations, the central pressure block is divided into a rectangular block and a wedge-shaped block, and the first driving mechanism is fixed to the rectangular block.

[0017] In some alternative embodiments, the top of the second pad has a rounded corner adapted to the stamping part.

[0018] In some alternative embodiments, the device further includes a fixing plate on which the first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism, and the third drive mechanism are all connected.

[0019] In some optional embodiments, the device further includes a heating support plate and an elastic element connected together. The base is provided with a placement groove located at the bottom of the stamping groove. The two ends of the elastic element are respectively connected to the bottom of the placement groove and the heating support plate. The heating support plate is provided with a heating channel for heating the sheet metal to be stamped. When the bottom plate of the stamped part acts on the bottom of the stamping groove, the heating support plate is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove. When the central pressure block does not extend into the stamping groove, the heating support plate is flush with the side of the first inclined surface near the stamping groove.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, both the center pressing block and the side pressing block are provided with a stamping plate that acts on the sheet material to be stamped, and the stamping plate is provided with a heating channel for heating the sheet material to be stamped.

[0021] In some alternative embodiments, the heating channel is provided with a heating wire or is circulated with a heating liquid.

[0022] A second aspect provides a method for forming sheet metal, using the sheet metal forming apparatus described above, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] The plate to be stamped is placed on the base, and the second driving mechanism drives the two side pressing blocks to move downward. The two side pressing blocks act on both sides of the plate to be stamped and abut against the first inclined surface.

[0024] The first driving mechanism drives the central pressure block to move downwards. The central pressure block acts on the middle part of the plate to be stamped and presses it into the stamping groove until the middle part of the plate to be stamped acts on the bottom of the stamping groove.

[0025] The first drive mechanism and the two second drive mechanisms all move in opposite directions, and the central pressure block and the two side pressure blocks move upward to obtain the stamped part.

[0026] The second aspect provides a sheet metal forming method that can be applied to cases where the base is an integrated component. The first inclined surface is directly located on the base body, making the operation of obtaining the desired stamped part simple. The stamped part has an over-bent top plate, meaning that the top plate portion of the stamped part has a springback allowance. Therefore, when the stamped part springs back, it can effectively offset the springback amount of the stamped part, thereby reducing the adverse effect of sheet metal springback on the forming angle. There is no need to set additional draw beads, avoiding the design experiment of draw beads, improving the utilization rate of sheet metal, and reducing the production cost of Z-shaped sheet metal.

[0027] In some optional embodiments, the sheet metal forming method further includes the following steps:

[0028] Before the sheet metal to be stamped is placed on the base, a database of the springback amount of the sheet metal to be stamped with different thicknesses after thermoforming is established, and a deep learning model is obtained.

[0029] The springback amount is obtained based on the thickness of the sheet metal to be stamped and the deep learning model.

[0030] The angle between the first inclined surface and the sidewall of the stamping groove is determined based on the obtained springback amount.

[0031] A third aspect provides a method for forming sheet metal, using the sheet metal forming apparatus described above, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] The plate to be stamped is placed on the base, and the second driving mechanism drives the two side pressing blocks to move downward. The two side pressing blocks act on both sides of the plate to be stamped and abut against the first inclined surface.

[0033] The first driving mechanism drives the central pressure block to move downward. The central pressure block acts on the middle part of the plate to be stamped and presses it into the stamping groove until the middle part of the plate to be stamped acts on the bottom of the stamping groove, thus obtaining a pre-stamped plate.

[0034] The two third drive mechanisms drive the forming block to move downwards, and the forming block acts on the pre-stamped sheet and presses it into the stamping groove until the pre-stamped sheet acts on the connection between the side wall and the bottom of the stamping groove.

[0035] The first driving mechanism, the two second driving mechanisms, and the two third driving mechanisms all move in opposite directions, and the center pressure block, the two side pressure blocks, and the two forming blocks move upward to obtain the stamped part.

[0036] The sheet metal forming method provided in the third aspect is applicable to cases where the sidewall of the stamping groove has a second inclined surface. By controlling the inclination of the first and second inclined surfaces, both the top plate and the vertical plate of the stamped part have bending allowance. Therefore, when the stamped part springs back, the springback amount formed by the top plate and the vertical plate can just offset or offset most of the bending allowance. Thus, qualified Z-shaped profiles can be obtained with slight correction or without correction, without the need for additional draw beads. This avoids the design experiment of draw beads, improves the utilization rate of sheet metal, and reduces the production cost of Z-shaped sheet metal.

[0037] In some optional embodiments, the device further includes a heating support plate and an elastic element connected together. The base is provided with a placement groove located at the bottom of the stamping groove. The two ends of the elastic element are respectively connected to the bottom of the placement groove and the heating support plate. The heating support plate is provided with a heating channel for heating the sheet metal to be stamped. When the bottom plate of the stamping part acts on the bottom of the stamping groove, the heating support plate is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove. When the central pressure block does not extend into the stamping groove, the heating support plate is flush with the side of the first inclined surface near the stamping groove. The central pressure block, the side pressure block, and the forming block are all provided with stamping plates that act on the sheet metal to be stamped. The stamping plates are provided with heating channels for heating the sheet metal to be stamped.

[0038] The method for forming the sheet metal further includes the following steps:

[0039] Before the edge pressure block acts on the plate to be stamped, the two third drive mechanisms drive the forming block to move downward and abut against the plate to be stamped. The stamping plate of the forming block heats and softens the bent part of the plate to be stamped.

[0040] After the sheet material to be stamped comes into contact with the first inclined surface, and before the central pressing block acts on the sheet material to be stamped, all the stamping plates and the heating support plate heat treat the sheet material to be stamped. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sheet metal forming device described in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure described in the embodiment;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the center stamping assembly described in the embodiment;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the edge stamping assembly described in the embodiment;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the molding component described in the embodiment;

[0047] Figure 6 This is an operation flowchart of the sheet metal forming method described in the embodiment;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of establishing the deep learning model as described in the embodiment;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of a Z-shaped stamped part;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the thermoforming operation process for setting draw beads in the mold;

[0051] The markings in the diagram are: 100-base, 101-stamping groove, 102-placement groove, 103-first pad block, 104-second pad block, 111-center pressing block, 1110-rectangular block, 1111-wedge block, 112-first drive mechanism, 121-side pressing block, 122-second drive mechanism, 131-forming block, 132-third drive mechanism, 140-heating support plate, 141-elastic element, 150-heating channel, 160-stamping plate, 170-fixing plate, 180-positioning block, 200-plate to be stamped, 300-stamped part, 301-top plate, 302-vertical plate, 303-bottom plate. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Z-shaped GMP steel sheets are an important raw material for automobile body frames. The corresponding production processes are mostly direct thermoforming and indirect thermoforming. Direct thermoforming requires pre-heat treatment of the sheet before transferring it to the forming mold. Therefore, there is a transfer time between the heat treatment station and the forming mold station during sheet production, which can easily lead to significant heat loss of the sheet. It is difficult to guarantee the microstructure and uniformity of the sheet. In order to protect the transfer system from overheating and minimize heat loss of the sheet during the transfer process, it is usually necessary to add additional heat insulation structural components to the transfer system. This makes the structure of the transfer system more complex. In addition, direct thermoforming technology cannot accurately correct the Z-shaped angle of GMP steel sheet profiles.

[0054] Compared to direct thermoforming, indirect thermoforming requires initial forming at room temperature before thermoforming, and the initial forming is required to reach 90%-95% of the final part shape. Due to the physical properties of high strength and poor plasticity of GMP steel sheets, the initial forming of the sheet is difficult and the forming force of the mold is too high.

[0055] Regardless of whether it's a direct or indirect thermoforming process, sheet metal will spring back after thermoforming, directly affecting the forming quality of the Z-shaped profile. Figure 8 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a U-shaped stamped part. In related technologies, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the method to solve the springback problem of sheet metal is to embed drawbeads in the die to reduce springback. The height and geometry of the drawbeads are two important factors affecting springback. However, the height of the drawbeads is not easy to adjust. If the drawbead stretching height is set too low, and the 2% post-tensile strain is not achieved in the sidewall of the sheet metal, the springback may still be significant. If the stretching height is set too high, the constraint force on the sheet metal may be too great, causing shear fracture at the drawbead or punch fillet. Therefore, determining the reasonable height of the drawbeads requires extensive simulation and experimentation. Furthermore, the special geometry of the drawbeads requires additional machining, which increases the manufacturing cost of dies with drawbeads. In addition, since the sheet metal has the shape of drawbeads after forming, the part of the sheet metal with drawbeads needs to be cut off, resulting in waste of sheet metal and reducing the material utilization rate.

[0056] To address the shortcomings of the production process of GMP steel plates, and to minimize heat loss between heat treatment and hot forming during the direct hot forming process, ensuring the microstructure and uniformity of the plate during hot forming, while meeting the needs of producing high-precision GMP steel Z-shaped profiles, this application provides an apparatus and method for forming GMP steel plates.

[0057] This application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0058] Example

[0059] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a sheet metal forming device. This invention provides a sheet metal forming device for forming a Z-shaped stamped part 300. The device includes:

[0060] The base 100 is provided with a stamping groove 101 and two first inclined surfaces. The two first inclined surfaces are located at the top of the two opposite grooves of the stamping groove 101. The angle between the first inclined surfaces and the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is smaller than the angle formed by the upright plate 302 and the top plate 301 of the stamping part 300.

[0061] The center stamping assembly includes a center pressing block 111 and a first drive mechanism 112 that drives the center pressing block 111 to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove 101.

[0062] The edge stamping assembly includes two edge pressing blocks 121 and two second drive mechanisms 122 that drive the two edge pressing blocks 121 to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove 101 respectively;

[0063] The center pressing block 111 moves into the stamping groove 101 under the drive of the first driving mechanism 112, so that the middle part of the plate 200 to be stamped enters the stamping groove 101. The side pressing block 121 presses against the plate 200 to be stamped under the drive of the second driving mechanism 122, so that the two sides of the plate 200 to be stamped abut against the first inclined surface.

[0064] The base 100 serves as a thermoforming operating platform. The sheet metal 200 to be stamped is placed on the base 100, with the middle of the sheet metal 200 corresponding to the upper part of the stamping groove 101 and the two sides of the sheet metal 200 corresponding to the upper part of the first inclined surface. The first driving mechanism 112 and the second driving mechanism 122 are used to provide downward pressure. When the downward pressing operation is performed, the side pressing block 121 corresponds to the upper part of the first inclined surface and presses and bends the two sides of the sheet metal 200 to be stamped along the first inclined surface. The center pressing block 111 corresponds to the upper part of the stamping groove 101 and presses the sheet metal 200 to be stamped into the stamping groove 101 to form a Z-shaped structure.

[0065] By controlling the inclination of the first inclined surface, the hot-formed stamping part 300 has a bending allowance. When the stamping part 300 springs back, the amount of springback and the bending allowance can be partially offset. Thus, a qualified Z-shaped profile can be obtained by slight correction without the need for additional draw beads. This avoids the design experiment of draw beads, improves the utilization rate of the sheet metal, and reduces the production cost of Z-shaped sheet metal.

[0066] In some alternative embodiments, the device further includes a forming assembly, which includes two forming blocks 131 and two third driving mechanisms 132 that drive the two forming blocks 131 to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove 101. The two forming blocks 131 are located on both sides of the central pressure block 111 along the width direction of the stamping groove 101 and between the two side pressure blocks 121. The two forming blocks 131 enter the stamping groove 101 under the drive of the third driving mechanisms 132 and act on the connection between the upright plate 302 and the bottom plate 303 of the stamped part 300.

[0067] Compared to stamping operations performed solely by the central pressure block 111, the addition of a forming block 131 that works in conjunction with the central pressure block 111, both forming the sheet metal 200 to be stamped within the stamping groove 101, facilitates the fulfillment of stamping requirements under various working conditions. This makes the stamping operation more flexible and controllable. For example, when the upright plate 302 and the bottom plate 303 of the stamped part 300 form an acute angle with each other, the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is correspondingly inclined. In such cases, it would be difficult to achieve stamping formation using only the central pressure block 111. Therefore, the design of the forming block 131 improves the practicality of the device and makes it suitable for various stamping conditions.

[0068] In some alternative embodiments, the angle between the sidewall and the bottom surface of the stamping groove 101 is smaller than the angle between the upright plate 302 and the bottom plate 303 of the stamping part 300, and the forming block 131 is provided with a side surface that matches the sidewall of the stamping groove 101.

[0069] If the forming angle required for stamping part 300 is 90 degrees, the bottom surface of the stamping groove 101 is usually horizontal during stamping. In order to form a bending allowance during stamping, the side wall of the stamping groove 101 has a second inclined surface, which facilitates the angle between the side wall and the bottom surface of the stamping groove 101 being less than 90 degrees. When the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is the second inclined surface, the side of the forming block 131 that matches the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is the side of the forming block 131 away from the central pressure block 111. Mutual matching means that when the forming block 131 is pressed down, it can make the sheet metal to be stamped... 200 abuts against the second inclined surface. For example, the side of the forming block 131 away from the central pressure block 111 is parallel to the second inclined surface. In use, the side pressure block 121 presses down and bends the two sides of the plate 200 to be stamped along the first inclined surface to form the top plate 301 of the stamped part 300. The central pressure block 111 and the forming block 131 correspond to the upper part of the stamping groove 101. The central pressure block 111 first presses down the plate 200 to be stamped into the stamping groove 101 for pre-forming. The forming block 131 then further presses down the plate 200 to be stamped along the second inclined surface to form a Z-shape.

[0070] By controlling the inclination of the first and second inclined surfaces, both the top plate 301 and the vertical plate 302 of the stamping part 300 have bending allowances. When the stamping part 300 springs back, the amount of springback is just offset or mostly offset by the bending allowance. Thus, qualified Z-shaped profiles can be obtained with slight correction or without correction, further simplifying the production operation. No additional draw beads are required. At the same time, the springback generated by the top plate 301 and the vertical plate 302 of the stamping part 300 is effectively offset, which can further reduce or even eliminate the adverse effects of sheet springback. This allows for good control of the forming angle of the stamping part 300, thereby improving the pass rate of the stamping part 300 and controlling production costs.

[0071] In some alternative embodiments, the base 100 includes: a body having a stamping cavity with an opening; two first pads 103, both connected to the body and located on both sides of the stamping cavity along a first direction, each of the two first pads 103 having a first inclined surface; and two second pads 104, both connected to the stamping cavity and arranged opposite to each other, the two second pads 104 and the bottom surface of the stamping cavity forming a stamping groove 101, the opposite sides of the two second pads 104 forming the sidewalls of the stamping groove 101.

[0072] The first inclined surface is provided by the first pad 103 provided on the base 100, and the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is provided by the second pad 104. That is, the body of the base 100 can be a simple and universal rectangular part. When it is for the sheet metal 200 to be stamped with different thicknesses, the required bending allowance is different, and the required inclination angle of the first inclined surface and the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is also different. At this time, the sheet metal 200 to be stamped with different thicknesses can be adapted by replacing the first pad 103 and the second pad 104. Therefore, the base 100 is composed of the first pad 103, the second pad 104 and the body that are detachably connected, so that the device can flexibly adapt to stamping parts 300 with various sheet metal thicknesses or various forming angles. At the same time, the body of the base 100 can be reused and the structure is easy to process, which solves the problem of processing difficulties for the complex structure of the base 100 and effectively improves the versatility and practicality of the device.

[0073] In some alternative embodiments, the central pressure block 111 is provided with two guide surfaces arranged opposite each other along a first direction.

[0074] When the sidewall of the stamping groove 101 has a second inclined surface, the center pressure block 111 needs to pre-form the sheet metal 200 to be stamped by stamping. In the first direction, that is, the width direction of the stamping groove 101, which is also the distance direction between the two top plates 301 of the stamping part 300, a gap will be formed between the center pressure block 111 and the second inclined surface so that the forming block 131 can press downwards at an angle, so that the sheet metal 200 to be stamped can abut against the second inclined surface. At the same time, the sheet metal 200 to be stamped will be pressed by the forming block 131. The bottom of the side wall of the stamping groove 101 abuts against the forming block 131. In order to realize the downward pressing of the forming block 131, the side of the central pressure block 111 adjacent to the second inclined surface is also set as an inclined surface, and serves as a guide surface for the downward pressing of the forming block 131. Through the guide surface designed for the central pressure block 111, the third drive mechanism 132 can drive the forming block 131 to move obliquely downward along the guide surface when vertical pressure is provided. The inclination angle of the guide surface is less than or equal to the inclination angle of the second inclined surface, so that the forming block 131 can be pressed down smoothly.

[0075] The tilt angle of the guide surface is further defined to be the same as that of the second tilt surface, that is, the side of the center pressure block 111 is parallel to the adjacent second tilt surface. Then the two sides of the forming block 131 are also parallel to each other, so that the side of the center pressure block 111 can guide the forming block 131 throughout the downward stroke, ensuring the stability of the forming block 131 and improving the stability of the stamping quality.

[0076] In some alternative embodiments, the central pressure block 111 is divided into a rectangular block 1110 and a wedge block 1111, and the first drive mechanism 112 is fixed to the rectangular block 1110.

[0077] Because different tilt angles of the forming block 131 will be replaced according to the springback of the sheet material under different working conditions, the guide surface of the center pressure block 111 will also be designed differently. The center pressure block 111 is composed of a detachable rectangular block 1110 and a wedge block 1111. Both sides of the rectangular block 1110 are connected to the wedge block 1111. The wedge block 1111 provides the guide surface. When adjusting the guide surface, only different wedge blocks 1111 need to be replaced, avoiding repeated disassembly and assembly with the first drive mechanism 112, simplifying operation and improving the utilization rate of the components.

[0078] In some alternative embodiments, the top of the second pad 104 is provided with rounded corners to accommodate the stamping 300.

[0079] The side of the top of the second pad 104 near the second inclined surface is the rounded corner area of ​​the corresponding stamping part 300. Processing this corner into a rounded chamfer is beneficial for the forming control of the bending part of the stamping part 300.

[0080] In some alternative embodiments, the device further includes a fixed plate 170, on which the first drive mechanism 112, the second drive mechanism, and the third drive mechanism 132 are all connected.

[0081] The first drive mechanism 112, the second drive mechanism 122, and the third drive mechanism 132 are all fixed on the same fixed plate 170, which facilitates the control and adjustment of the relative positional relationship between the center pressure block 111, the forming block 131, and the side pressure block 121.

[0082] In some optional embodiments, the device further includes a heating plate 140 and an elastic member 141 connected to each other. The base 100 is provided with a placement groove 102 located at the bottom of the stamping groove 101. The two ends of the elastic member 141 are respectively connected to the bottom of the placement groove 102 and the heating plate 140. The heating plate 140 is provided with a heating channel 150 for heating the plate 200 to be stamped. When the bottom plate 303 of the stamping part 300 acts on the bottom of the stamping groove 101, the heating plate 140 is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove 101. When the central pressing block 111 does not extend into the stamping groove 101, the heating plate 140 is flush with the side of the first inclined surface near the stamping groove 101.

[0083] The heating plate 140 is set in the placement groove 102, which will not hinder the stamping and forming of the sheet metal 200 to be stamped. It can perform heat treatment on the sheet metal in the lower middle part, which improves the efficiency of heat treatment and helps to ensure the structure requirements and uniformity of the sheet metal forming.

[0084] In some alternative embodiments, both the center pressing block 111 and the side pressing block 121 are provided with a stamping plate 160 that acts on the plate 200 to be stamped, and the stamping plate 160 is provided with a heating channel 150 for heating the plate 200 to be stamped.

[0085] The stamping plate 160, together with the heating support plate 140, the first pad 103 and the second pad 104, can achieve overall heating of the sheet metal 200 to be stamped, ensuring the process requirements of heat treatment. The heating channel 150 can be filled with a heating medium to heat the sheet metal. The stamping plate 160 can be made of wear-resistant material, which greatly extends its service life. When the wear-resistant material is damaged, only the stamping plate 160 needs to be replaced, reducing the maintenance time of the device.

[0086] In some alternative embodiments, the heating channel 150 is provided with a heating wire or is circulated with a heating liquid.

[0087] A heating wire is placed in the heating channel 150, so that the stamping plate 160 can be heated by electric heating, and then transferred to the plate 200 to be stamped for heat treatment. Alternatively, the heating channel 150 can be connected to a flow pipe for heating liquid, that is, high temperature liquid can be injected into the heating channel 150 for heat treatment.

[0088] A method for forming sheet metal, using the sheet metal forming apparatus described above, includes the following steps:

[0089] The plate 200 to be stamped is placed on the base 100, and the second drive mechanism 122 drives the two side pressure blocks 121 to move downward. The two side pressure blocks 121 act on both sides of the plate 200 to be stamped and abut against the first inclined surface.

[0090] The first driving mechanism 112 drives the central pressure block 111 to move downward. The central pressure block 111 acts on the middle of the plate 200 to be stamped and presses it into the stamping groove 101 until the middle of the plate 200 to be stamped acts on the bottom of the stamping groove 101.

[0091] The first drive mechanism 112 and the two second drive mechanisms 122 all move in opposite directions, and the central pressure block 111 and the two side pressure blocks 121 move upward to obtain the stamped part 300.

[0092] For example, when using a sheet metal forming device, if the base 100 is an integrated component, i.e., the first inclined surface is directly set on the body of the base 100, and the volume of the central pressure block 111 is exactly matched with the groove of the stamping groove 101, then the required stamped part 300 can be directly obtained using this method. The operation is simple, and the stamped part 300 has an over-bent top plate 301, i.e., the stamped part 300 has a springback allowance. When the sheet metal cools, it can effectively offset the springback of the sheet metal, thereby reducing the adverse effect of the sheet metal springback on the forming angle. There is no need to set additional draw beads, avoiding the design experiment of draw beads, improving the utilization rate of sheet metal, and reducing the production cost of Z-shaped sheet metal.

[0093] In some alternative embodiments, the sheet metal forming method further includes the following steps:

[0094] Before the sheet metal 200 to be stamped is placed on the base 100, a database of the springback amount of sheet metal 200 to be stamped with different thicknesses after thermoforming is established, and a deep learning model is obtained.

[0095] Based on the thickness of the sheet metal to be stamped (200mm) and the deep learning model, the springback amount is obtained.

[0096] The angle between the first inclined surface and the side wall of the stamping groove 101 is determined based on the obtained springback amount.

[0097] By combining deep learning to establish a deep learning model for calculating springback, the accuracy of springback prediction can be effectively improved. Furthermore, by using the angle between the first inclined surface and the side wall of the stamping groove 101, a more reasonable and effective bending angle can be obtained, thereby more accurately controlling the forming angle of the sheet after springback.

[0098] A method for forming sheet metal, using the sheet metal forming apparatus described above, includes the following steps:

[0099] The plate 200 to be stamped is placed on the base 100, and the second drive mechanism 122 drives the two side pressure blocks 121 to move downward. The two side pressure blocks 121 act on both sides of the plate 200 to be stamped and abut against the first inclined surface.

[0100] The first driving mechanism 112 drives the central pressure block 111 to move downward. The central pressure block 111 acts on the middle of the plate 200 to be stamped and presses it into the stamping groove 101 until the middle of the plate 200 to be stamped acts on the bottom of the stamping groove 101, thus obtaining a pre-stamped plate.

[0101] Two third drive mechanisms 132 drive the forming block 131 to move downwards. The forming block 131 acts on the pre-stamped sheet and presses it into the stamping groove 101 until the pre-stamped sheet acts on the connection between the side wall and the bottom of the stamping groove 101.

[0102] The first drive mechanism 112, the two second drive mechanisms 122 and the two third drive mechanisms 132 all move in opposite directions, and the center pressure block 111, the two side pressure blocks 121 and the two forming blocks 131 move upward to obtain the stamped part 300.

[0103] To improve the practicality of the device, the base 100 is equipped with a detachable first pad and a second pad. Correspondingly, a forming component and a central stamping component are designed to cooperate in stamping within the stamping groove 101. This design is suitable for situations where the side wall of the stamping groove 101 has a second inclined surface. By controlling the inclination of the first and second inclined surfaces, both the top plate 301 and the vertical plate 302 of the stamped part 300 have bending allowances. Therefore, when the stamped part 300 springs back, the springback amount formed by the top plate 301 and the vertical plate 302 can just offset or offset most of the bending allowance. As a result, a qualified Z-shaped profile can be obtained with slight correction or without correction, without the need for additional draw beads. This avoids the design experiment of draw beads, improves the utilization rate of the sheet metal, and reduces the production cost of Z-shaped sheet metal.

[0104] In some optional embodiments, the device further includes a heating plate 140 and an elastic member 141 connected to each other. The base 100 is provided with a placement groove 102, which is located at the bottom of the stamping groove 101. The two ends of the elastic member 141 are respectively connected to the bottom of the placement groove 102 and the heating plate 140. The heating plate 140 is provided with a heating channel 150 for heating the plate 200 to be stamped. When the bottom plate 303 of the stamping part 300 acts on the bottom of the stamping groove 101, the heating plate 140 is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove 101. When the central pressing block 111 does not extend into the stamping groove 101, the heating plate 140 is flush with the side of the first inclined surface near the stamping groove 101. The central pressing block 111, the side pressing block 121 and the forming block 131 are all provided with a stamping plate 160 acting on the plate 200 to be stamped. The stamping plate 160 is provided with a heating channel 150 for heating the plate 200 to be stamped.

[0105] The sheet metal forming method also includes the following steps:

[0106] Before the edge pressure block 121 acts on the plate 200 to be stamped, the two third drive mechanisms 132 drive the forming block 131 to move downward and abut against the plate 200 to be stamped. The stamping plate 160 of the forming block 131 heats and softens the bent part of the plate 200 to be stamped.

[0107] After the sheet metal to be stamped 200 comes into contact with the first inclined surface, and before the central pressing block 111 acts on the sheet metal to be stamped 200, all the stamping plates 160 and the heating plate 140 heat-treat the sheet metal to be stamped 200.

[0108] Because direct thermoforming processes in related technologies involve heat treatment before transferring the material to a forming mold for forming, the transfer process can easily lead to significant heat loss in the sheet material, making it difficult to guarantee the required microstructure and uniformity of the formed material. Indirect thermoforming processes, when used for high-strength sheet materials, place excessively high forming force requirements on the mold during preforming.

[0109] The device is equipped with a stamping plate 160 and a heating support plate 140 that can contact the plate 200 to be stamped. Heating channels 150 are provided in the stamping plate 160, the heating support plate 140, the first pad 103 and the second pad 104, so that the device can complete the heat treatment of the plate when it is used to stamp the plate 160. That is, before the plate 160 is stamped on the device, the device can be used directly for heat treatment, so that the plate after heat treatment does not need to be transferred, thus avoiding heat loss of the plate 200 to be stamped.

[0110] This method enables stamping immediately after the sheet metal has undergone heat treatment, ensuring the forming quality of the sheet metal, reducing the requirements for the forming force of the equipment, making full use of the heat treatment of the sheet metal to assist in forming, and optimizing the hot forming process.

[0111] Based on the convenience of production and processing and the requirements of specific working conditions, a certain combination of various optional implementation methods was carried out, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, the device specifically includes a base 100, a center stamping assembly, an edge stamping assembly, and a forming assembly. The center stamping assembly includes a center pressing block 111 and a first driving mechanism 112. The edge stamping assembly includes an edge pressing block 121 and a second driving mechanism 122. The forming assembly includes a forming block 131 and a third driving mechanism 132. The first driving mechanism 112, the second driving mechanism 122, and the third driving mechanism 132 are all hydraulic cylinders and are all fixed on the same fixed plate 170, which facilitates indirect control of the relative positional relationship between the center pressing block 111, the forming block 131, and the edge pressing block 121.

[0112] like Figure 2 As shown, the rectangular base 100 has a U-shaped slot as a stamping cavity, with the side walls of the stamping cavity being vertical and the bottom surface being horizontal. A second pad 104 is fixed to each of the two side walls of the stamping cavity by bolts. The opposing sides of the two second pads 104 form second inclined surfaces, which together with the bottom surface of the stamping cavity form a stamping groove 101. To facilitate the design of the dimensions of the forming block 131, the bottom of the second pad 104 has a pointed structure, meaning that placing the second pad 104 inside the stamping cavity will not affect the width of the bottom surface of the stamping groove 101. On both sides outside the stamping cavity, the top of the base 100 is secured by bolts... Each of the two first pads 103 is fixed with a first pad 103. The two first pads 103 are arranged opposite each other and close to the slot of the stamping cavity. The top surface of the two first pads 103 is the first inclined surface. The adjacent first pads 103 and second pads 104 are flush at the connection. The top of the second pad 104 is also provided with a rounded chamfer to adapt to the rounded corner position of the stamping part 300 and assist in the rounded corner forming of the stamping part 300. If the width direction of the stamping cavity is taken as the transverse direction, then the length direction of the stamping cavity is the longitudinal direction. Accordingly, the first pads 103 are spaced apart in the transverse direction, and the second pads 104 are also spaced apart in the transverse direction.

[0113] Since the forming angle of the conventional Z-shaped stamping part 300 is mostly ninety degrees, in order to generate the corresponding bending allowance, the angle between the adjacent first inclined surface and the second inclined surface is less than ninety degrees, and the first inclined surface is inclined upward towards the stamping cavity, and the angle between the second inclined surface and the bottom surface of the stamping cavity is also less than ninety degrees, so the top distance between the two second pads 104 is the minimum distance.

[0114] A placement groove 102 is provided on the bottom surface of the stamping cavity. Bolt holes are provided in the placement groove 102 to fix an elastic element 141. The elastic element 141 can be a support spring. The support spring connects to and supports a heating pad. Laterally, the width of the heating pad is approximately equal to the minimum distance between the two second pads 104, and the structural dimensions of the heating pad are adapted to the space of the placement groove 102. That is, after the support spring is compressed, the heating pad can completely fill the placement cavity. At this time, the upper surface of the heating pad is flush with the bottom surface of the stamping cavity. When the support spring springs up to form natural support, the upper surface of the heating pad can be flush with or slightly higher than the top surface of the second pad 104. A portion of the heating pad is provided so that when the plate to be stamped 200 contacts the top surface of the second pad 104, the heating pad can also contact the plate to be stamped 200 between the two second pads 104. Heating channels 150 are provided longitudinally in the middle of the heating pad, the first pad 103 and the second pad 104. An electric heating wire is placed in the heating channel 150. Positioning blocks 180 are also fixed at appropriate positions on the upper surface of the heating pad and the first pad 103. When the plate to be stamped 200 is placed, the positioning blocks 180 abut against the adjacent sides of the plate to be stamped 200 to achieve precise positioning of the plate to be stamped 200 in the horizontal direction.

[0115] A forming block 131 and an edge pressing block 121 are arranged sequentially on both sides of the central pressing block 111. The bottom of the central pressing block 111, forming block 131, and edge pressing block 121 are all provided with corresponding stamping plates 160 as bottom surfaces. The bottom surfaces of the central pressing block 111 and forming block 131 are adjacent to each other and flush, and the bottom surfaces of the forming block 131 and edge pressing block 121 are adjacent to each other. A heating channel 150 is longitudinally formed in the middle of each stamping plate 160, and an electric heating wire is placed inside the heating channel 150. Laterally, the central pressing block 111... The width of the bottom surface of the center pressing block 111 is equivalent to the minimum distance between the two second pad blocks 104, the width of the bottom surface of the forming block 131 is equivalent to the maximum width of the second pad block 104, and the bottom surface of the side pressing block 121 corresponds to the size of the first inclined surface and is set parallel to the first inclined surface. Correspondingly, the center pressing block 111 is located directly above the heating tray 140, the forming block 131 is located directly above the two second pad blocks 104, and the side pressing block 121 is located directly above the two first pad blocks 103.

[0116] In the horizontal direction, the side of the forming block 131 away from the central pressure block 111 is parallel to the corresponding second inclined surface below. Furthermore, the side of the forming block 131 that is in contact with the central pressure block 111 is also parallel to the corresponding second inclined surface below, so that the thickness of the forming block 131 is uniform from top to bottom. The two sides of the central pressure block 111 are parallel to the corresponding second inclined surface below. When the forming block 131 is pressed down, the side of the central pressure block 111 can serve as a guide surface, and the side of the side pressure block 121 can be in contact with the side of the forming block 131, and is provided with the same inclination angle as the corresponding second inclined surface below.

[0117] When it is necessary to adjust the tilt angle of the first and second inclined surfaces, the first pad 103 and the second pad 104 can be directly replaced. At the same time, the matching side pressure block 121, forming block 131 and center pressure block 111 can be replaced accordingly. In order to simplify the replacement operation, the center pressure block 111 is designed to consist of a rectangular block 1110 and two wedge blocks 1111. The inclined surface of the wedge block 1111 serves as the side of the center pressure block 111. The first drive mechanism 112 is fixed to the rectangular block 1110. The rectangular block 1110 is fixed to the two wedge blocks 1111 by bolts. Therefore, when replacing the matching center pressure block 111, only the wedge blocks 1111 on both sides need to be replaced.

[0118] like Figure 6 The diagram shows the operation flow of the sheet metal forming device described above. The specific method for sheet metal forming includes the following steps:

[0119] S1. Establish a database of springback amounts generated after thermoforming of sheet metal 200 of different thicknesses to be stamped, and obtain a deep learning model.

[0120] like Figure 7 As shown, specifically, a finite element model of the 302 sheet material and the thermoforming device is established, a mesh is generated, boundary conditions are applied, and the thermoforming process of the sheet material is simulated to determine the relationship between different sheet thicknesses and the springback amount of the rounded corner area of ​​the sheet material, and a dataset of different sheet thicknesses and the springback amount of the rounded corner area is obtained.

[0121] The dataset is divided into a training set and a test set. By performing deep learning on the data of different board thicknesses and springback in the rounded corner areas in the training set, a suitable learning model is obtained and validated in the test set. By continuously adjusting the parameters in the learning model, a high accuracy is obtained, and finally the most suitable deep learning model is determined.

[0122] S2, based on the thickness of the sheet metal 200 to be stamped and the deep learning model, obtain the springback amount; that is, use the thickness of the sheet metal 200 to be stamped as the input of the deep learning model to obtain the output of the springback amount of the rounded corner area when the stamped part 300 is formed;

[0123] S3. Determine the angle between the first inclined surface and the side wall of the stamping groove 101 based on the obtained springback amount. That is, calculate the inclination angle of the first inclined surface corresponding to the bending allowance based on the springback amount, and further determine the inclination angle of the second inclined surface. Then, select the appropriate first pad 103, second pad 104, edge pressure block 121, forming block 131 and wedge block 1111 to form the required device based on the calculation results.

[0124] S4, the plate to be stamped 200 is transported to the base 100, and the plate to be stamped 200 is placed in the predetermined stamping position by the first pad 103 and the positioning block 180 on the heating plate 140.

[0125] S5, the two third drive mechanisms 132 drive the forming block 131 to move downward at a speed of 0.05m / s, and at the same time the first drive mechanism 112 also drives the center pressure block 111 to move downward synchronously until the stamping plates 160 corresponding to the forming block 131 and the center pressure block 111 respectively abut against the plate 200 to be stamped. The heating wire in the bottom stamping plate 160 of the forming block 131 starts to work, and at the same time the heating wire in the second pad block 104 also starts to work, heating the plate part located at the transition rounded corner of the stamping part 300 for 3 minutes, so that the temperature of the plate reaches about 850℃, which is conducive to the side pressure block 121 to pre-bend the locally softened plate 200 to be stamped.

[0126] S6, the second drive mechanism 122 drives the two side pressure blocks 121 to move downward at a speed of 0.05m / s until the two side pressure blocks 121 act on both sides of the plate to be punched 200, and make the plate to be punched 200 abut against the first inclined surface.

[0127] S7, the first pad 103, the second pad 104, the heating plate 140 and all the heating wires in the stamping plate 160 work together to adjust the temperature of all the heating wires and heat the entire plate 200 to be stamped for three minutes, so that the overall temperature of the plate 200 to be stamped reaches about 900℃, and the heat treatment of the plate 200 to be stamped is completed.

[0128] S8, the first drive mechanism 112 drives the center pressure block 111 to continue moving downward at a speed of 0.05m / s, so that the center pressure block 111 acts on the middle of the plate 200 to be stamped and presses it into the stamping groove 101. At the same time, it drives the heating plate 140 to compress the spring until the middle of the plate 200 to be stamped acts on the bottom of the stamping groove 101, completing the pre-forming of the plate and obtaining the pre-stamped plate. At this time, the heating plate 140 descends into the placement groove 102, and the upper surface of the heating plate 140 is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove 101.

[0129] S9, the two third drive mechanisms 132 drive the forming block 131 to move horizontally to the gap between the central pressure block 111 and the second pad block 104, and then move downward at a speed of 0.05m / s. At this time, the bottom of the forming block 131 will contact the guide surface of the central pressure block 111, and move obliquely downward under the guidance of the guide surface, gradually squeezing the plate 200 to be stamped to contact the second inclined surface, until the stamping plate 160 of the forming block 131 is pressed down to the position flush with the stamping plate 160 of the central pressure block 111, and the pressure is held for three seconds, and the plate 200 to be stamped is finally stamped and formed.

[0130] S10, the two second drive mechanisms 122 drive the edge pressure block 121 to move in the opposite direction to its original position, the two third drive mechanisms 132 drive the forming block 131 to move in the opposite direction to its original position, and the first drive mechanism 112 drives the center pressure block 111 to move in the opposite direction to its original position, thereby obtaining the stamped part 300 to be transported away.

[0131] The apparatus and method for sheet metal forming provided in this application can quickly calculate the springback amount of the rounded corner area under different sheet metal thicknesses based on the results data of different sheet metal thicknesses and springback amount of the rounded corner area obtained from thermoforming tests or finite element simulations, by combining deep learning, without having to repeatedly determine the springback amount of the rounded corner area under different sheet metal thicknesses through a large number of tests or finite element simulations, thus reducing the time of tests or finite element simulations.

[0132] This device allows for direct thermoforming without the need for the high initial forming force required by indirect thermoforming processes. It reduces the forming force during the forming process of the sheet metal 200 to be stamped, thereby reducing mold wear. Furthermore, both the heat treatment and stamping of the sheet metal 200 are completed on this device, shortening the time from heat treatment to thermoforming. It meets the requirements for the microstructure and uniformity of the sheet metal during the forming process, eliminates the need for heat treatment in a heating furnace, avoids heat loss during sheet metal transfer, and eliminates the need for a transfer system.

[0133] The connections and fixation between the components of the device are all detachable, making it easy to replace them according to different working conditions. Based on the deep learning results, each component with an appropriate tilt angle is selected. The resulting device is used to produce a stamped part 300 with a suitable bending allowance, which can effectively achieve precise control of the springback of the rounded corner area of ​​the stamped part 300, thereby achieving the final control of the forming angle of the stamped part 300. It is especially suitable for meeting the needs of high-precision GMP steel Z-shaped profiles.

[0134] In the description of this specification, references are made to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", and "shown". It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0135] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0136] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0137] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

Claims

1. An apparatus for forming sheet metal, used for forming a Z-shaped stamped part (300), characterized in that, The device includes: The base (100) is provided with a stamping groove (101) and two first inclined surfaces. The two first inclined surfaces are located at the top of the two opposite grooves of the stamping groove (101). The angle between the first inclined surfaces and the side wall of the stamping groove (101) is smaller than the angle formed between the upright plate (302) and the top plate (301) of the stamping part (300). The center stamping assembly includes a center pressing block (111) and a first drive mechanism (112) that drives the center pressing block (111) to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove (101). The edge stamping assembly includes two edge pressing blocks (121) and two second drive mechanisms (122) that drive the two edge pressing blocks (121) to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove (101). The central pressing block (111) moves into the stamping groove (101) under the drive of the first driving mechanism (112) so that the middle part of the plate to be stamped (200) enters the stamping groove (101), and the side pressing block (121) abuts against the plate to be stamped (200) under the drive of the second driving mechanism (122) so that the two sides of the plate to be stamped (200) abut against the first inclined surface; The device further includes a forming assembly, which includes two forming blocks (131) and two third driving mechanisms (132) that drive the two forming blocks (131) to reciprocate along the depth direction of the stamping groove (101). The two forming blocks (131) are located on both sides of the center pressure block (111) along the width direction of the stamping groove (101) and between the two side pressure blocks (121). The two forming blocks (131) enter the stamping groove (101) under the drive of the third driving mechanism (132) and act on the connection between the upright plate (302) and the bottom plate (303) of the stamped part (300). The angle between the sidewall and the bottom surface of the stamping groove (101) is smaller than the angle between the upright plate (302) and the bottom plate (303) of the stamping part (300), and the forming block (131) has a side surface that matches the sidewall of the stamping groove (101).

2. The apparatus for forming sheet metal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (100) includes: The main body is provided with a stamping cavity having an opening; Two first pads (103) are connected to the body and located on both sides of the stamping cavity along the first direction. Both first pads (103) are provided with the first inclined surface. Two second pads (104) are connected to the stamping cavity and are arranged opposite to each other. The two second pads (104) and the bottom surface of the stamping cavity together form the stamping groove (101). The opposite sides of the two second pads (104) form the sidewalls of the stamping groove (101).

3. The apparatus for forming sheet metal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The device also includes a heating plate (140) and an elastic element (141) connected to each other. The base (100) is provided with a placement groove (102), which is located at the bottom of the stamping groove (101). The two ends of the elastic element (141) are respectively connected to the bottom of the placement groove (102) and the heating plate (140). The heating plate (140) is provided with a heating channel (150) for heating the plate to be stamped (200). When the bottom plate (303) of the stamping part (300) acts on the bottom of the stamping groove (101), the heating plate (140) is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove (101). When the central pressure block (111) does not extend into the stamping groove (101), the heating plate (140) is flush with the side of the first inclined surface near the stamping groove (101).

4. The apparatus for forming sheet metal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the central pressing block (111) and the side pressing block (121) are provided with a pressing plate (160) that acts on the plate to be pressed (200), and the pressing plate (160) is provided with a heating channel (150) for heating the plate to be pressed (200).

5. A method for forming sheet metal, characterized in that, Using the sheet metal forming apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the sheet metal forming method comprises the following steps: The plate to be stamped (200) is placed on the base (100), and the second driving mechanism (122) drives the two side pressing blocks (121) to move downward. The two side pressing blocks (121) act on both sides of the plate to be stamped (200) and abut against the first inclined surface. The first driving mechanism (112) drives the central pressure block (111) to move downward. The central pressure block (111) acts on the middle part of the plate to be stamped (200) and presses it into the stamping groove (101) until the middle part of the plate to be stamped (200) acts on the bottom of the stamping groove (101). The first drive mechanism (112) and the two second drive mechanisms (122) all move in opposite directions, and the center pressure block (111) and the two side pressure blocks (121) move upward to obtain the stamped part (300).

6. The method for forming sheet metal according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for forming the sheet metal further includes the following steps: Before the sheet metal to be stamped (200) is placed on the base (100), a database of the springback amount generated by the sheet metal to be stamped (200) of different thicknesses after thermoforming is established, and a deep learning model is obtained. The springback amount is obtained based on the thickness of the sheet metal (200) to be stamped and the deep learning model; The angle between the first inclined surface and the sidewall of the stamping groove (101) is determined based on the obtained springback amount.

7. A method for forming sheet metal, characterized in that, Using the sheet metal forming apparatus as described in claim 1 or 2, the sheet metal forming method includes the following steps: The plate to be stamped (200) is placed on the base (100), and the second driving mechanism (122) drives the two side pressing blocks (121) to move downward. The two side pressing blocks (121) act on both sides of the plate to be stamped (200) and abut against the first inclined surface. The first driving mechanism (112) drives the central pressure block (111) to move downward. The central pressure block (111) acts on the middle part of the plate to be stamped (200) and presses it into the stamping groove (101) until the middle part of the plate to be stamped (200) acts on the bottom of the stamping groove (101) to obtain a pre-stamped plate. The two third drive mechanisms (132) drive the forming block (131) to move downwards. The forming block (131) acts on the pre-stamped sheet and presses it into the stamping groove (101) until the pre-stamped sheet acts on the connection between the side wall and the bottom of the stamping groove (101). The first drive mechanism (112), the two second drive mechanisms (122) and the two third drive mechanisms (132) all move in opposite directions, and the center pressure block (111), the two side pressure blocks (121) and the two forming blocks (131) move upward to obtain the stamped part (300).

8. The method for forming sheet metal according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device further includes a heating plate (140) and an elastic element (141) connected to each other. The base (100) is provided with a placement groove (102), which is located at the bottom of the stamping groove (101). The two ends of the elastic element (141) are respectively connected to the bottom of the placement groove (102) and the heating plate (140). The heating plate (140) is provided with a heating channel (150) for heating the sheet metal (200) to be stamped. The bottom plate (303) of the stamping part (300) acts on the groove of the stamping groove (101). When the bottom is reached, the heating plate (140) is flush with the bottom of the stamping groove (101). When the central pressure block (111) is not inserted into the stamping groove (101), the heating plate (140) is flush with the side of the first inclined surface near the stamping groove (101). The central pressure block (111), the side pressure block (121) and the forming block (131) are all provided with a stamping plate (160) that acts on the plate to be stamped (200). The stamping plate (160) is provided with a heating channel (150) for heating the plate to be stamped (200). The method for forming the sheet metal further includes the following steps: Before the edge pressure block (121) acts on the plate to be stamped (200), the two third drive mechanisms (132) drive the forming block (131) to move downward and abut against the plate to be stamped (200). The stamping plate (160) of the forming block (131) heats and softens the bent part of the plate to be stamped (200). After the sheet metal to be stamped (200) comes into contact with the first inclined surface, and before the central pressing block (111) acts on the sheet metal to be stamped (200), all the stamping plates (160) and the heating plate (140) heat-treat the sheet metal to be stamped (200).

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