A method for detecting a water conservancy project foundation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water conservancy engineering foundation detection methods, specifically related to water conservancy engineering detection technical field, including S1, rig setting: S2, unmanned aerial vehicle high altitude rig position acquisition: S3, image data comparison: S4, borehole aperture selection: S5, unmanned aerial vehicle drill bit point monitoring: S6, borehole operation: S7, sampling operation: S8, sample preservation: S9, laboratory detection: S10, result analysis and report: according to laboratory detection result, analysis geological condition and soil property, and prepare detection report.The application uses unmanned aerial vehicle to vertically take off from the center origin of water conservancy engineering foundation drawing, opens surveying and mapping camera to calibrate water conservancy engineering foundation center origin position, compares image data recorded on computer with actually collected image data, recalibrates according to drawing, to ensure that each rig can accurately sample and detect the detection position of water conservancy engineering foundation according to specified position, and effectively improve detection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering testing technology, and more specifically, to a method for testing the foundation of water conservancy projects. Background Technology

[0002] Water conservancy projects are a general term for various engineering constructions undertaken to control, utilize, and protect surface and underground water resources and the environment. Foundation testing is the primary prerequisite and necessary step for ensuring the reliability, rationality, and economy of water conservancy project construction parameters. Therefore, conducting scientific and accurate foundation testing in water conservancy projects is of great significance. Soil and rock sampling is an important part of the foundation testing process, but it is usually required for water conservancy projects and can affect the judgment of foundation testing to some extent.

[0003] In existing publicly available literature, patent publication number CN115897525A discloses a bearing capacity testing device and method for hydraulic engineering, specifically for the automatic release and reset operation of a weight. However, this method requires multiple mechanisms to change the position of the guide frame to achieve automatic release and reset of the weight. While this reduces the workload of testing workers, the structure is relatively complex, and the automatic release and reset steps are cumbersome. A different method utilizes a movable seat on one side of a first connecting plate. The top of the movable seat is connected to the inner wall of the top of a rectangular ring via a first electric telescopic rod. A first slider is located on one side of the movable seat, and the first slider and the movable seat are connected via a horizontal adjustment mechanism. This method eliminates the need to change the position of the rectangular ring, simplifies the automatic release and reset steps of the weight, and improves testing efficiency. However, this patent also has the following drawbacks.

[0004] When the above-mentioned testing methods are used to test the foundation of water conservancy projects, the method of releasing a heavy hammer to impact the foundation of water conservancy projects will cause certain damage to the foundation. Therefore, it is necessary to take a sample of the foundation of water conservancy projects and place it in the testing room for testing. However, if the sampling location is incorrect during the sampling process, the collected foundation test data of water conservancy projects will be different, which can easily lead to large testing errors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for testing the foundation of water conservancy projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for testing the foundation of water conservancy projects.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project, comprising the following specific steps:

[0007] S1. Drilling rig setup: First, prepare 10-15 drilling rigs. Place the sampling drill bit at the location of the hole to be drilled, according to the project requirements and design drawings. After determining the drilling rigs and drilling locations, wait for verification.

[0008] S2. High-altitude drilling rig location acquisition by drone: Take off vertically 40-60m from the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation drawing, turn on the surveying camera to check the position of the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, and after determining the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, acquire images of the placement positions of each drilling rig.

[0009] S3. Image data comparison: The image of the drilling rig's placement position is transmitted to the back-end computer via wireless network. The image data recorded on the computer is compared with the actual image data collected. If the comparison is incorrect, the position of the drilling rig needs to be displayed and checked again according to the drawings until the actual placement position of the drilling rig is the same as the position collected by the drone, and then the next step of detection is carried out.

[0010] S4. Drilling Diameter Selection: Determine the drilling diameter according to the engineering drawings. The drill bit diameters are 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm. Select one of these diameters and install a drill bit with that diameter.

[0011] S5. Drone Drill Bit Position Monitoring: The drone collects images of the top position of the drill bit on the drilling rig and transmits these images to a back-end computer via Wi-Fi. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected images of the top position of the drill bit. If the drill bit is offset, the position is corrected. Once the drill bit position is corrected to the position specified on the drawing, the drone moves down to each drilling rig position to collect the model and diameter of each drill bit. This determines whether the model and diameter of the drill bit are the same as the model and diameter required by the drawing. After confirmation, the next step is performed.

[0012] S6. Drilling operation: Connect the drill bit to the drill rod and start the drilling machine to start drilling. During the drilling process, it is necessary to control the drilling speed to 20cm / min. At the edge of the hole, support the circular support and use a hammer to vertically reinforce the loose soil layer to prevent the loose soil layer from collapsing.

[0013] S7. Sampling operation: When the specified depth is reached, stop drilling, remove the drill rod, and insert the core sampler into the hole to take a sample.

[0014] S8. Sample Preservation: After core extraction, the soil sample is placed in a specially designed sample bag and labeled to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the sample.

[0015] S9. Laboratory testing: Send the samples to the laboratory for testing of physical and mechanical properties and moisture content, and obtain the corresponding experimental data.

[0016] S10. Results Analysis and Reporting: Based on the laboratory test results, analyze the geological conditions and soil properties, and prepare a test report to complete the test.

[0017] Preferably, the drilling rig position in S1 needs to be placed at the designated location according to the project requirements and design drawings during installation. Each drilling rig requires 3-5 operators. The operators need to measure the horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical distances of the drilling rig. Each time the position is determined, two operators need to verify and check it. After verification, the measurement data is signed to confirm the measurement.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, a safety check is performed on the UAV before flight, including checking the battery level, sensor status, and weather conditions. Data on the takeoff point, flight route, flight altitude, and time must be recorded. The flight path must be rationally planned, and attention must be paid to existing obstacles and restricted areas. The UAV can only be used after all data is prepared and signed off by the supervisor. In step S2, when using the mapping camera, it is necessary to confirm that the camera battery is fully charged and that the memory card has sufficient storage space. The lens must be checked for cleanliness, ensuring it is free of dust and scratches. Camera parameters, such as exposure time, aperture, and focal length, are set according to actual needs. The number of mapping cameras installed is 2 to 3, and the distance between two adjacent mapping cameras is 20 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the image data comparison method in S3 is a structured similarity algorithm, which mainly uses the SSIM algorithm to collect the structural information of the image to evaluate the similarity between two images. It considers brightness, contrast and structural factors, or uses scale-invariant feature transformation, mainly by the SIFT algorithm to detect local feature points in the image and generate feature descriptors with scale, rotation and illumination invariance. By comparing the SIFT features of different images, the degree of similarity between them can be determined, and the image data comparison is completed. In S3, the drilling rig needs to be moved by a forklift. There should be no operators within 2-3m around the forklift when it moves, and warning signs need to be placed. The warning signs need to be placed in four directions, and each warning sign must be at least 1.6m high and at least 0.5m wide.

[0020] Preferably, in S4, the 75mm drill bit, 91mm drill bit, and 110mm drill bit are arranged equidistantly from left to right, with a foam pad placed between the 75mm drill bit and the 91mm drill bit, and another foam pad placed between the 110mm drill bit and the 91mm drill bit, and the thickness of the foam pad is 50-80cm.

[0021] Preferably, when using the hammer in S6, the operator needs to wear a personal safety helmet, goggles, and gloves. When using the hammer, ensure that there are no people or other obstacles around, and select a sturdy support ring bracket at the top position. Note that the position between the hammer head and the support ring bracket should be vertical to avoid slippage. The hammer needs to apply a pressure of 2000-3000Pa and strike in a circular distribution.

[0022] Preferably, the moisture content detection in S9 requires measuring the moisture content in the material using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. This involves applying a certain magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to excite the nuclear spins in the material, and calculating the moisture content based on the nuclear spin regression signal. Alternatively, the classical wet weight method can be used, where the foundation column sample is taken out, weighed immediately, heated to 105°C in a constant temperature chamber until the weight no longer changes, and weighed again. The moisture content is then calculated based on the initial mass and the mass after drying.

[0023] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0024] This invention employs a drone to take off vertically from the center origin of the hydraulic engineering foundation drawings. The drone then activates its surveying camera to verify the location of the center origin of the hydraulic engineering foundation. After determining the center origin, images of the placement positions of each drilling rig are collected. The image data recorded on the computer is compared with the actual collected image data. If a mismatch is found, the position of the drilling rig is displayed, and the verification is performed again according to the drawings. This method enables efficient positioning of multiple drilling rigs, ensuring that each rig can accurately sample and detect the hydraulic engineering foundation at the designated location, effectively improving the detection accuracy.

[0025] This invention uses a drone to collect images of the top position of the drill bit on the drilling rig. These images are then transmitted wirelessly to a back-end computer. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected images of the top position of the drill bit. If the drill bit is misaligned, its position is corrected. The drone then moves down to each drilling rig position to collect the model and diameter of each drill bit. This determines whether the model and diameter of the drill bit are the same as those required by the drawings, determines the sampling and testing position of the drill bit, and checks whether the diameter of the drill bit meets the specified sampling and testing requirements. This avoids errors in the use of drill bits and improves the accuracy of the testing.

[0026] This invention utilizes a drill bit connected to a drill rod, and the drilling machine is started to drill a hole. During the drilling process, the top of the circular support is firmly supported. It is important to ensure that the position between the hammer head and the supporting circular support is vertical to prevent slippage. The hammer needs to apply pressure and strike in a circular distribution to ensure that the surrounding soil does not collapse when the drill bit is drilling vertically, and to ensure that the sampling position of the drill bit is the designated detection position, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0027] In summary, through the interaction of the above-mentioned multiple functions, firstly, after determining the center origin of the foundation of the water conservancy project, images of the placement positions of each drilling rig are collected and compared. Then, the image of the top point of the drill bit is transmitted to the back-end computer via wireless network. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected image of the top point of the drill bit. Finally, the hammer is used to apply pressure in a circular distribution to ensure that the surrounding soil does not collapse when the drill bit is drilling vertically. In summary, this effectively improves the accuracy of foundation testing for water conservancy projects. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the testing process for a water conservancy engineering foundation testing method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0030] S1. Drilling Rig Setup: First, 10 drilling rigs need to be prepared. The drilling rigs should be placed in the locations specified in the project requirements and design drawings during installation. Each drilling rig requires 3 operators. The operators need to measure the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal distances of the drilling rig. Each time the measurement is confirmed, 2 operators need to verify and check it. After verification, the measurement data should be signed to confirm it. Place the sampling drill bit at the location of the hole to be drilled as needed, according to the project requirements and design drawings. After the drilling rigs and drilling locations are determined, wait for verification.

[0031] S2. High-altitude drilling rig location data acquisition by drone: Take off vertically 40m from the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation drawing. Before flight, conduct a safety check on the drone, including checking battery power, sensor status, and weather conditions. Data on takeoff point, flight route, flight altitude, and time must be recorded. Plan the flight path reasonably, paying attention to existing obstacles and restricted areas. The drone can only be used after all data is prepared and signed by the supervisor. Turn on the surveying camera to calibrate the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation. When using the surveying camera, ensure that the camera battery is fully charged and that the memory card has sufficient storage space. Check that the lens is clean and free of dust or scratches. Set the camera parameters according to actual needs, such as exposure time, aperture, and focal length. The number of surveying cameras is 2, and the distance between two adjacent surveying cameras is 20cm. After determining the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, collect images of the placement positions of each drilling rig.

[0032] S3. Image Data Comparison: The image of the drilling rig's placement position is transmitted to the back-end computer via wireless network. The image data recorded on the computer is compared with the actual collected image data. The image data comparison method is a structured similarity algorithm, which mainly uses the SSIM algorithm to collect the structural information of the image to evaluate the similarity between two images. It considers brightness, contrast, and structural factors, or uses scale-invariant feature transformation. If the comparison is incorrect, the position of the drilling rig needs to be displayed, and the comparison is repeated according to the drawing until the actual placement position of the drilling rig is the same as the position collected by the drone. During the placement of the drilling rig, a forklift is needed for insertion and movement. There should be no operators within 2m of the forklift when it moves, and warning signs need to be placed. The warning signs need to be placed in four directions, and each warning sign must be at least 1.6m high and at least 0.5m wide before proceeding to the next step of detection.

[0033] S4. Drilling Diameter Selection: Determine the drilling diameter according to the engineering drawings. The drill bit diameters are 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm. Arrange the 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm drill bits at equal intervals from left to right. Place a foam pad between the 75mm and 91mm drill bits, and then place another foam pad between the 110mm and 91mm drill bits. The foam pad thickness should be 50cm. Select one of the drilling diameters and install the drill bit of that diameter.

[0034] S5. Drone Drill Bit Position Monitoring: The drone collects images of the top position of the drill bit on the drilling rig and transmits these images to a back-end computer via Wi-Fi. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected images of the top position of the drill bit. If the drill bit is offset, the position is corrected. Once the drill bit position is corrected to the position specified on the drawing, the drone moves down to each drilling rig position to collect the model and diameter of each drill bit. This determines whether the model and diameter of the drill bit are the same as the model and diameter required by the drawing. After confirmation, the next step is performed.

[0035] S6. Drilling Operation: Connect the drill bit to the drill rod and start the drilling machine to begin drilling. During the drilling process, it is necessary to control the drilling speed to 20cm / min. At the edge of the borehole, use a ring support bracket to vertically reinforce the loose soil layer with a hammer. When using the hammer, the operator must wear a personal safety helmet, goggles, and gloves. When using the hammer, ensure that there are no people or other obstacles around, and select a sturdy ring support bracket at the top. Note that the position between the hammer head and the ring support bracket should be vertical to avoid slippage. The hammer should apply a pressure of 2000Pa and strike in a circular pattern to prevent the loose soil layer from collapsing.

[0036] S7. Sampling operation: When the specified depth is reached, stop drilling, remove the drill rod, and insert the core sampler into the hole to take a sample.

[0037] S8. Sample Preservation: After core extraction, the soil sample is placed in a specially designed sample bag and labeled to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the sample.

[0038] S9. Laboratory Testing: The sample is sent to the laboratory for testing of physical and mechanical properties and moisture content. Moisture content testing requires measuring the moisture content in the material using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. This involves applying a certain magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to excite the nuclear spins in the material, and calculating the moisture content based on the regression signal of the nuclear spins. Alternatively, the classical wet weight method can be used. The foundation column sample is taken out and weighed immediately. The sample is then heated to 105°C in a constant temperature chamber until the weight no longer changes, and then weighed again. The moisture content is calculated based on the initial mass and the mass after drying, and the corresponding experimental data is obtained.

[0039] S10. Results Analysis and Reporting: Based on the laboratory test results, analyze the geological conditions and soil properties, and prepare a test report to complete the test. Example

[0040] S1. Drilling Rig Setup: First, 15 drilling rigs need to be prepared. The drilling rigs should be placed in the locations specified in the project requirements and design drawings during installation. Each drilling rig requires 5 operators. The operators need to measure the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal distances of the drilling rig. Each time the measurement is confirmed, 2 operators need to verify and check it. After verification, the measurement data should be signed off. Place the sampling drill bit at the location of the hole to be drilled as needed, according to the project requirements and design drawings. After the drilling rigs and drilling locations are determined, wait for verification.

[0041] S2. High-altitude drilling rig location acquisition by drone: Take off vertically 60m from the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation drawing. Before flight, conduct a safety check on the drone, including checking battery power, sensor status, and weather conditions. Data on takeoff point, flight route, flight altitude, and time must be recorded. Plan the flight path reasonably, paying attention to existing obstacles and restricted areas. The drone can only be used after all data is prepared and signed by the supervisor. Turn on the surveying camera to calibrate the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation. When using the surveying camera, ensure that the camera battery is fully charged and that the memory card has sufficient storage space. Check that the lens is clean and free of dust or scratches. Set the camera parameters according to actual needs, such as exposure time, aperture, and focal length. The number of surveying cameras is 3, and the distance between two adjacent surveying cameras is 20cm. After determining the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, collect images of the placement positions of each drilling rig.

[0042] S3. Image Data Comparison: The image of the drilling rig's placement position is transmitted to the back-end computer via wireless network. The image data recorded on the computer is compared with the actual collected image data. The image data comparison method is a structured similarity algorithm, which mainly uses the SSIM algorithm to collect the structural information of the image to evaluate the similarity between two images. It considers brightness, contrast, and structural factors, or uses scale-invariant feature transformation. If the comparison is incorrect, the position of the drilling rig needs to be displayed, and the comparison is repeated according to the drawings until the actual placement position of the drilling rig is the same as the position collected by the drone. During the placement of the drilling rig, a forklift is needed for insertion and movement. There should be no operators within 3 meters of the forklift when it moves, and warning signs need to be placed. The warning signs need to be placed in four directions, and each warning sign must be at least 1.6m high and at least 0.5m wide before proceeding to the next step of detection.

[0043] S4. Drilling Diameter Selection: Determine the drilling diameter according to the engineering drawings. The drill bit diameters are 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm. Arrange the 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm drill bits at equal intervals from left to right. Place a foam pad between the 75mm and 91mm drill bits, and then place another foam pad between the 110mm and 91mm drill bits. The foam pad thickness should be 50-80cm. Select one of the drilling diameters and install the drill bit of that diameter.

[0044] S5. Drone Drill Bit Position Monitoring: The drone collects images of the top position of the drill bit on the drilling rig and transmits these images to a back-end computer via Wi-Fi. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected images of the top position of the drill bit. If the drill bit is offset, the position is corrected. Once the drill bit position is corrected to the position specified on the drawing, the drone moves down to each drilling rig position to collect the model and diameter of each drill bit. This determines whether the model and diameter of the drill bit are the same as the model and diameter required by the drawing. After confirmation, the next step is performed.

[0045] S6. Drilling Operation: Connect the drill bit to the drill rod and start the drilling machine to begin drilling. During the drilling process, it is necessary to control the drilling speed to 20cm / min. At the edge of the borehole, use a ring support bracket to vertically reinforce the loose soil layer with a hammer. When using the hammer, the operator must wear a personal safety helmet, goggles, and gloves. When using the hammer, ensure that there are no people or other obstacles around, and select a sturdy ring support bracket at the top. Note that the position between the hammer head and the ring support bracket should be vertical to avoid slippage. The hammer should apply a pressure of 3000Pa and strike in a circular pattern to prevent the loose soil layer from collapsing.

[0046] S7. Sampling operation: When the specified depth is reached, stop drilling, remove the drill rod, and insert the core sampler into the hole to take a sample.

[0047] S8. Sample Preservation: After core extraction, the soil sample is placed in a specially designed sample bag and labeled to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the sample.

[0048] S9. Laboratory Testing: The sample is sent to the laboratory for testing of physical and mechanical properties and moisture content. Moisture content testing requires measuring the moisture content in the material using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. This involves applying a certain magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to excite the nuclear spins in the material, and calculating the moisture content based on the regression signal of the nuclear spins. Alternatively, the classical wet weight method can be used. The foundation column sample is taken out and weighed immediately. The sample is then heated to 105°C in a constant temperature chamber until the weight no longer changes, and then weighed again. The moisture content is calculated based on the initial mass and the mass after drying, and the corresponding experimental data is obtained.

[0049] S10. Results Analysis and Reporting: Based on the laboratory test results, analyze the geological conditions and soil properties, and prepare a test report to complete the test.

[0050] The detection efficiency (%), detection accuracy (%), and calibration time (min) can be obtained from the above two sets of examples. The comparison of the obtained parameters is shown in the table below:

[0051]

[0052] As can be seen from the table above, the existing embodiment 2 has higher detection efficiency, higher detection accuracy, and shorter calibration time. After determining the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, images of the placement positions of each drilling rig are collected and compared. Then, the image of the top point of the drill bit is transmitted to the back-end computer via wireless network. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected image of the top point of the drill bit. Finally, the hammer is used to apply pressure in a circular distribution to ensure that the surrounding soil will not collapse when the drill bit is drilling vertically, effectively improving the accuracy of water conservancy project foundation detection.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Drilling rig setup: First, prepare 10-15 drilling rigs. Place the sampling drill bit at the location of the hole to be drilled, according to the project requirements and design drawings. After determining the drilling rigs and drilling locations, wait for verification. S2. High-altitude drilling rig location acquisition by drone: Take off vertically 40-60m from the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation drawing, turn on the surveying camera to check the position of the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, and after determining the center origin of the water conservancy project foundation, acquire images of the placement positions of each drilling rig. S3. Image data comparison: The image of the drilling rig's placement position is transmitted to the back-end computer via wireless network. The image data recorded on the computer is compared with the actual image data collected. If the comparison is incorrect, the position of the drilling rig needs to be displayed and checked again according to the drawings until the actual placement position of the drilling rig is the same as the position collected by the drone, and then the next step of detection is carried out. S4. Drilling Diameter Selection: Determine the drilling diameter according to the engineering drawings. The drill bit diameters are 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm. Select one of these diameters and install a drill bit with that diameter. S5. Drone Drill Bit Position Monitoring: The drone collects images of the top position of the drill bit on the drilling rig and transmits these images to a back-end computer via Wi-Fi. The image data recorded on the back-end computer is compared with the actual collected images of the top position of the drill bit. If the drill bit is offset, the position is corrected. Once the drill bit position is corrected to the position specified on the drawing, the drone moves down to each drilling rig position to collect the model and diameter of each drill bit. This determines whether the model and diameter of the drill bit are the same as the model and diameter required by the drawing. After confirmation, the next step is performed. S6. Drilling operation: Connect the drill bit to the drill rod and start the drilling machine to start drilling. During the drilling process, it is necessary to control the drilling speed to 20cm / min. At the edge of the hole, support the circular support and use a hammer to vertically reinforce the loose soil layer to prevent the loose soil layer from collapsing. S7. Sampling operation: When the specified depth is reached, stop drilling, remove the drill rod, and insert the core sampler into the hole to take a sample. S8. Sample Preservation: After core extraction, the soil sample is placed in a specially designed sample bag and labeled to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the sample. S9. Laboratory testing: Send the samples to the laboratory for testing of physical and mechanical properties and moisture content, and obtain the corresponding experimental data. S10. Results Analysis and Reporting: Based on the laboratory test results, analyze the geological conditions and soil properties, and prepare a test report to complete the test.

2. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling rig in S1 needs to be placed at the designated location according to the project requirements and design drawings during installation. Each drilling rig requires 3-5 operators. The operators need to measure the horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical distances of the drilling rig. Each time the measurement is confirmed, two operators need to verify and check it. After verification, the measurement data is signed to confirm the measurement.

3. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, a safety check is performed on the drone before flight, including checking the battery level, sensor status, and weather conditions. The takeoff point, flight route, flight altitude, and time must be recorded. The flight path must be planned reasonably, and attention must be paid to existing obstacles and restricted areas. The drone can only be used after all the data is prepared and signed by the supervisor.

4. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: When using the surveying camera in S2, it is necessary to confirm whether the camera battery is fully charged, ensure that the memory card has enough storage space, check whether the lens is clean and free of dust or scratches, and set the camera parameters according to actual needs, such as exposure time, aperture, and focal length. The number of surveying cameras is 2 to 3, and the distance between two adjacent surveying cameras is 20cm.

5. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image data comparison method in S3 is a structured similarity algorithm, which mainly uses the SSIM algorithm to collect the structural information of the image to evaluate the similarity between two images. It considers brightness, contrast and structural factors, or uses scale-invariant feature transformation, mainly by the SIFT algorithm to detect local feature points in the image and generate feature descriptors with scale, rotation and illumination invariance. By comparing the SIFT features of different images, the degree of similarity between them can be determined, and the image data comparison is completed.

6. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the placement of the drilling rig in S3, a forklift is required for its movement. No operators are allowed within 2-3 meters of the forklift during its movement, and warning signs must be placed facing all four directions. Each warning sign must be at least 1.6 meters high and at least 0.5 meters wide.

7. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, 75mm, 91mm, and 110mm drill bits are arranged equidistantly from left to right. A foam pad is placed between the 75mm and 91mm drill bits, and another foam pad is placed between the 110mm and 91mm drill bits. The thickness of the foam pad is 50-80cm.

8. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: When using the hammer in S6, the operator must wear a personal safety helmet, goggles, and gloves. When using the hammer, ensure that there are no people or other obstacles around, and select a sturdy support ring bracket at the top position. Note that the position between the hammer head and the support ring bracket should be vertical to avoid slippage. The hammer needs to apply a pressure of 2000-3000Pa and strike in a circular distribution.

9. The method for testing the foundation of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content detection in S9 requires measuring the moisture content in the material using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. This involves applying a certain magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to excite the nuclear spins in the material, and then calculating the moisture content based on the regression signal of the nuclear spins. Alternatively, the classical wet weight method can be used. The foundation column sample is taken out and weighed immediately. The sample is then heated to 105°C in a constant temperature chamber until the weight no longer changes, and then weighed again. The moisture content is calculated based on the initial mass and the mass after drying.

Images