A bumper, suspension system, vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a buffer, a suspension system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of damping, and aims to solve the technical problem of poor reliability of a bidirectional buffer. The buffer comprises a cylinder, a piston and a piston rod, the cylinder has opposite closed and open ends; the piston is slidably arranged in the cavity of the cylinder, and the part of the cavity between the piston and the closed end is used for storing gas; the buffer further comprises a reset element and a sleeve, the reset element is sleeved on the piston rod, and the reset element and the sleeve are distributed in the direction away from the piston; wherein the sleeve is slidably arranged on the piston rod; the buffer further comprises a first limiting structure close to the open end, the first limiting structure has a first annular structure protruding from the inner wall of the cavity; and the outer diameter of the sleeve is greater than the inner diameter of the first annular structure. The bidirectional buffer for buffering objects can avoid the risk of gas leakage, thereby improving the reliability of the buffer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vibration reduction technology, and more particularly to a damper, suspension system, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Conventional gas springs can only withstand force in one direction, i.e., inward pressure along the spring axis. In contrast, dual-chamber gas springs can withstand forces in two directions, namely tension and compression, but they take up a lot of space. Although dual-chamber air springs save space, it is easier to achieve a good seal in the rodless chamber of a dual-chamber air spring, while sealing the rod chamber is often difficult, and high-pressure gas is prone to leaking out from the gaps between the piston rod and the guide sleeve, resulting in poor reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a buffer, suspension system, and vehicle to solve the technical problem of poor reliability of bidirectional buffers.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a buffer for bidirectional buffering of a buffered object, the buffer comprising a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod, the cylinder having opposing closed ends and open ends;

[0006] The piston is slidably disposed in the cavity of the cylinder, and the portion of the cavity located between the piston and the closed end is used to store gas;

[0007] The buffer also includes a reset element and a sleeve sleeved on the piston rod, the reset element and the sleeve being distributed along a direction away from the piston; wherein, the sleeve is slidably disposed on the piston rod;

[0008] The buffer also includes a first limiting structure near the opening end, the first limiting structure having a first annular structure protruding from the inner wall of the cavity;

[0009] The outer diameter of the sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the first annular structure.

[0010] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the buffer further includes a second limiting structure, the second limiting structure being fixedly disposed on the piston rod and located on the side of the sleeve opposite to the reset element;

[0011] The outer diameter of the second limiting structure is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the first annular structure;

[0012] The buffer further includes a third limiting structure, which has a second annular structure protruding from the inner wall of the cavity of the first annular structure.

[0013] The inner diameter of the second annular structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the second limiting structure.

[0014] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the second limiting structure includes a second nut and an anti-loosening structure for fixing the second nut to the piston rod;

[0015] The piston rod has at least one slot, the anti-loosening structure is engaged in the at least one slot, and the preset side of the anti-loosening structure is in contact with the end face of the second nut away from the sleeve.

[0016] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the preset side of the anti-loosening structure is abutted or welded to the end face of the second nut opposite to the sleeve.

[0017] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the first annular structure is integrally formed with the cylinder body or is detachably connected.

[0018] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, when the first annular structure is detachably connected to the cylinder body, the first annular structure is a first nut with external threads;

[0019] The first nut is screwed to the open end of the cylinder body. The inner diameter of the first nut is smaller than the outer diameter of the sleeve, and the inner diameter of the first nut is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the second nut.

[0020] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the second annular structure is integrally formed with the first annular structure or is detachably connected.

[0021] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the reset element is one of a leaf spring, a disc spring, a wave spring, or a helical spring.

[0022] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter of the sleeve is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder.

[0023] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall surface of the sleeve is provided with a first guide ring, and the inner wall surface of the sleeve is provided with a second guide ring;

[0024] The first guide ring is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder cavity; the second guide ring is slidably connected to the outer wall of the piston rod.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a suspension system including the buffer described in the first aspect.

[0026] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the buffer further includes a trunnion sleeved on the cylinder body, the trunnion being screwed to the outer wall of the cylinder body; and / or,

[0027] The buffer also includes a hinge portion, which is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod opposite to the piston.

[0028] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a vehicle including the suspension system described in the second aspect.

[0029] In one or more technical solutions provided in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the following beneficial effects can be achieved.

[0030] The buffer of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod. The piston is slidably disposed in the cavity of the cylinder, dividing the cavity into a rodless cavity and a rod cavity, wherein the rod cavity refers to the cavity portion where at least a portion of the piston rod is located. Gas is filled in the sealed rodless cavity to provide a buffering effect during the compression stroke and exhibits nonlinear stiffness characteristics. A reset element and a sleeve are fitted onto the piston rod in the rod cavity, and a first annular structure protruding from the inner wall of the cavity is also provided near the opening end of the buffer. Since the outer diameter of the sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the first annular structure, during the extension stroke, the sleeve and reset element are driven by the piston, with the sleeve abutting against the first annular structure to form a limit, and the reset element bearing tensile force during continued extension. Based on this, the buffer has a buffering effect during both the compression and extension strokes.

[0031] Furthermore, compared to the use of gas buffers in rod-shaped chambers in the prior art, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention uses a reset element as a buffer, which can avoid the risk of gas leakage and thus improve the reliability of the buffer. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the principles of the invention. These drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a buffer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer in the compressed position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a buffer in a compressed position according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the piston and piston rod of the buffer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Reference numerals: 11, piston rod; 111, slot; 12, piston; 13, reset element; 14, sleeve; 141, first guide ring; 142, second guide ring; 15, second nut; 16, anti-loosening structure; 20, cylinder body; 21, first annular structure; 211, second annular structure; 30, inflation valve; 40, trunnion; 50, hinge. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] The shock absorbers and guide mechanisms of vehicle suspension are connected by rigid links. During use, rigid links can generate a large impact torque on the shock absorbers, affecting their lifespan. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the rigid links with elastic links. These links are required to withstand forces in two directions, bear a large force during the compression stroke, and have non-linear stiffness characteristics, bearing a small force during the extension stroke.

[0040] In related technologies, dual-chamber air springs can withstand forces in two directions: tension and compression. However, in dual-chamber air springs, the sealing of the rod chamber is often difficult to achieve a good sealing effect, and high-pressure gas is prone to leaking out from the gaps at the ends, resulting in poor reliability.

[0041] To address the aforementioned problems, the buffer provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is based on a conventional cylinder, storing gas in the rodless chamber and installing a reset element in the rod chamber. During the compression stroke, the gas withstands pressure, providing a buffering effect and exhibiting nonlinear stiffness characteristics; during the extension stroke, the reset element bears the tension. Based on this, the buffer of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can withstand forces in two directions, and by using non-gas energy storage in the rod chamber, it avoids potential gas leakage problems.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a buffer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, the bidirectional buffer for buffering objects provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a cylinder 20, a piston 12, and a piston rod 11. The cylinder 20 has a closed end and an open end. The piston 12 is slidably disposed in the cavity of the cylinder 20, and the portion of the cavity located between the piston 12 and the closed end is used to store gas. The buffer also includes a reset element 13 and a sleeve 14 sleeved on the piston rod 11. The reset element 13 and the sleeve 14 are distributed along a direction away from the piston 12. The sleeve 14 is slidably disposed on the piston rod 11. The buffer also includes a first limiting structure near the open end. The first limiting structure has a first annular structure 21 protruding from the inner wall of the cavity. The outer diameter of the sleeve 14 is larger than the inner diameter of the first annular structure 21.

[0043] In practical applications, the piston 12 and a portion of the piston rod 11 are movably disposed within the cavity of the cylinder 20, which has a closed end and an open end. The piston rod 11 extends from the open end of the cylinder 20. The piston 12 divides the cavity of the cylinder 20 into two parts: a rodless cavity near the closed end and a rod cavity near the open end. Gas is stored in the rodless cavity for buffering during the compression stroke. A reset element 13 for buffering during the extension stroke and a sleeve 14 are fitted onto the piston rod 11, both movably disposed on the piston rod 11. Exemplarily, one end of the reset element 13 can be fitted against the end face of the piston 12 facing the piston rod 11 to form a limit, and the other end of the reset element 13 can abut against the end face of one end of the sleeve 14 to form a limit.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer in the compressed position according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a buffer in a compressed position according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a first limiting structure is provided near the opening end of the buffer. For example, the first limiting structure has a first annular structure 21 protruding from the inner wall of the cavity. When the outer diameter D1 of the sleeve 14 is greater than the inner diameter D4 of the first annular structure 21, when the sleeve 14 is driven by the piston 12 to reach the first annular structure 21, the first annular structure 21 will limit the sleeve 14, preventing the sleeve 14 from moving further towards the opening end of the cylinder 20. At this time, when the piston rod 11 is further stretched, the distance between the piston 12 and the first annular structure 21 is further reduced, thereby compressing the reset element 13, so that the reset element 13 bears the tension, thereby activating the buffering effect during stretching.

[0045] Furthermore, when the buffer is in the compression stroke, the piston 12 moves towards the closed end of the cylinder 20. At this time, the gas in the cavity between the piston 12 and the closed end is compressed, and the gas withstands pressure to achieve a buffering effect. Based on this, on the one hand, using gas as a buffer in the rodless cavity can meet the requirements of withstanding large forces in the compression stroke and having nonlinear stiffness characteristics; on the other hand, the reset element 13 withstands smaller forces in the extension stroke, thus achieving a buffering effect. The buffer provided by the exemplary embodiment of the present invention avoids gas leakage by using the reset element 13 as a buffer in the rod cavity, and therefore has higher reliability than the bidirectional buffers of the prior art.

[0046] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the buffer provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention further includes a second limiting structure, which is fixedly disposed on the piston rod 11 and located on the side of the sleeve 14 away from the reset element 13; the outer diameter of the second limiting structure is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the first annular structure 21; the buffer further includes a third limiting structure, which has a second annular structure 211 protruding from the inner wall of the cavity of the first annular structure 21; wherein the inner diameter of the second annular structure 211 is less than the outer diameter of the second limiting structure.

[0047] In practical applications, the second limiting structure is fixedly mounted on the piston rod 11, and the distance between the second limiting structure and the piston 12 is fixed. Furthermore, the buffer also includes a second annular structure 211 protruding from the inner wall of the cavity of the first annular structure 21. The outer diameter D1 of the second limiting structure is less than or equal to the inner diameter D4 of the first annular structure 21, and greater than the inner diameter D3 of the second annular structure 211. During the stretching stroke, the second limiting structure can enter the cavity of the first annular structure 21 and continue moving to the position of the second annular structure 211, where it is limited by the second annular structure 211, and the entire piston rod 11 is no longer stretched. That is, the reset element 13 mounted on the piston rod 11 is no longer compressed, preventing excessive deformation of the reset element 13 and thus improving its lifespan.

[0048] For example, the compression deformation of the reset element 13 does not exceed 80% of its maximum deformation.

[0049] In some embodiments, during the stretching stroke, the piston 12 and piston rod 11 move toward the open end of the cylinder 20, which together drive the reset element 13 and sleeve 14 to move toward the open end. When the sleeve 14 abuts against the first annular structure 21, the reset element 13 begins to compress, and the sleeve 14 remains stationary. The piston 12 and piston rod 11 continue to move toward the open end of the cylinder 20. When the second limiting structure on the piston rod 11 enters the cavity of the first annular structure 21 and blocks the second annular structure 211, the reset element 13 is no longer compressed, thereby preventing the reset element 13 from being excessively deformed and prematurely damaged.

[0050] The type of reset element 13 can vary. For example, the reset element 13 can be one of a leaf spring, disc spring, wave spring or helical spring, as long as it can meet the tensile force requirements that the buffer can withstand during its extension stroke.

[0051] For example, one or more disc springs can be fitted onto the piston rod 11 to achieve reset. When multiple disc springs are used, the disc spring assembly can have various combinations. For example, two disc springs can be connected in parallel first, and then multiple sets can be connected in series, or three disc springs can be connected in parallel first, and then multiple sets can be connected in series. The specific combination depends on the actual force conditions. Based on this, compared with other types of springs, disc springs can achieve adjustable stiffness by using different combinations of multiple disc springs according to actual needs.

[0052] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the closed end of the cylinder 20 also has a charging valve 30 that communicates with the cavity of the cylinder 20. The charging valve 30 can charge high-pressure gas into the rodless cavity as a buffer medium, such as high-pressure nitrogen or other high-pressure inert gas. In use, high-pressure nitrogen is first charged into the rodless cavity through the charging valve 30 to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure nitrogen is balanced with the thrust of the disc spring assembly, so that the piston rod of the bidirectional buffer is kept at a certain extension length.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the piston and piston rod of the buffer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the second limiting structure in the buffer provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a second nut 15 and an anti-loosening structure 16 for fixing the second nut 15 to the piston rod 11; the piston rod 11 has at least one slot 111, the anti-loosening structure 16 is engaged in at least one slot 111, and a predetermined side of the anti-loosening structure 16 is in contact with the end face of the second nut 15 facing away from the sleeve 14. The outer diameter D1 of the second nut 15 is less than or equal to the inner diameter D4 of the first annular structure 21, and greater than the inner diameter D3 of the second annular structure 211.

[0054] The piston rod 11 has external threads at the position where it mates with the second nut 15, which is screwed onto the piston rod 11. Since the buffer is used in harsh working environments, this method of screwing the second nut 15 onto the piston rod 11 does not compromise the strength of the piston rod 11. If the limiting block were directly welded to the piston rod 11, it would compromise the strength of the piston rod 11; furthermore, if the weld were damaged during use, the piston rod 11 would be difficult to reuse.

[0055] Considering the aforementioned fixing method of the second nut 15 being screwed onto the piston rod 11, the second nut 15 may loosen. Therefore, an anti-loosening structure 16 is provided on the piston rod 11. For example, a complete retaining groove 111 can be provided on the piston rod 11, or retaining grooves can be provided on opposite sides of the piston rod 11. By engaging the anti-loosening structure 16 in the retaining groove 111, a limiting effect is formed on the second nut 15, preventing it from loosening. Providing two oppositely arranged retaining grooves 111, relative to providing the entire annular groove, can maintain a certain strength for the piston rod 11. Specifically, the anti-loosening structure 16 can be a retaining ring, with one pre-set side of the retaining ring fitting against the end face of the second nut 15 facing away from the sleeve 14.

[0056] For example, the pre-set side of the retaining ring can abut against the end face of the second nut 15 opposite to the sleeve 14, and the retaining ring's limiting effect fixes the relative position of the second nut 15 and the piston rod 11. This implementation method is simple, reliable, and highly operable.

[0057] In another alternative embodiment, the pre-defined side of the retaining ring can be welded to the end face of the second nut 15 facing away from the sleeve 14, for example, by spot welding to fix the retaining ring and the second nut 15 together. This embodiment transmits the loosening force of the second nut 15 to the retaining groove 111 through the retaining ring to form a limit. Therefore, compared to directly welding the retaining ring to the piston rod 11, using the retaining groove 111 and retaining ring allows the piston 12 and piston rod 11 to be reused even if the weld breaks, without compromising their overall strength.

[0058] In some embodiments, the second nut 15 also has a torque-applying part that facilitates torque application. The torque-applying part can be hexagonal in shape and is used for screwing in with a wrench. The external dimensions of the torque-applying part are smaller than the main body of the second nut 15. A retaining ring is disposed at the end of the torque-applying part, and the retaining ring is welded to or abuts against the end face of the torque-applying part.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the first annular structure 21 can be integrally formed with the cylinder body 20. The cover of the closed end of the cylinder body 20 and the main body of the cylinder body 20 are connected by welding after the internal components of the cylinder body 20 are installed to form a closed end. Therefore, this embodiment has a better sealing effect.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first annular structure 21 can be detachably connected to the cylinder body 20. For example, the first annular structure 21 is a first nut with external threads; the first nut is screwed onto the open end of the cylinder body 20, the inner diameter D4 of the first nut is smaller than the outer diameter D2 of the sleeve 14, and the inner diameter D4 of the first nut is greater than or equal to the outer diameter D2 of the second nut 15. It is understood that the first nut has a cavity through which the piston rod 11 passes. The portion of the cavity of the cylinder body 20 near the open end has internal threads; therefore, the first nut can be fixed to the open end of the cylinder body 20 by screwing, at which time the end cap of the closed end of the cylinder body 20 is welded. By connecting with the first nut, the first nut can be fixed to the cylinder body 20 after the parts in the cavity of the cylinder body 20 have been installed.

[0061] For example, the second annular structure 211 is integrally formed with the first annular structure 21. When the first annular structure 21 is a first nut, the second annular structure 211 is part of the first nut. Specifically, it is a cavity protrusion of the first nut and an annular protrusion structure on the inner wall of the cavity of the first nut, and it is close to one end face of the first annular structure 21. This integrally formed embodiment is convenient to process and operate.

[0062] In another alternative embodiment, the second annular structure 211 is detachably connected to the first annular structure 21. For example, they are connected by screws, and the specific connection method is similar to the threaded connection between the first annular structure 21 and the cylinder 20 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, the outer diameter D2 of the sleeve 14 is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder 20. The two are fitted together to ensure the smooth operation of the sleeve 14 in the cavity of the cylinder 20 to the greatest extent.

[0064] When the outer diameter D2 of the sleeve 14 is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder 20, a first guide ring 141 is provided on the outer wall surface of the sleeve 14, and a second guide ring 142 is provided on the inner wall surface of the sleeve 14. The first guide ring 141 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cavity of the cylinder 20; the second guide ring 142 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the piston rod 11. The two guide rings provide protection and support for the sleeve 14. It is understood that at least a portion of the first guide ring 141 is embedded in the outer wall surface of the sleeve 14, and at least a portion of the second guide ring 142 is embedded in the inner wall surface of the sleeve 14.

[0065] When the outer diameter D2 of the sleeve 14 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder 20, a second guide ring 142 can be provided only on the inner wall surface of the sleeve 14, that is, the sleeve 14 only slides in contact with the piston rod 11. It can be understood that the sleeve 14 is an annular component, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 14 is the outer wall surface, and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve 14 is the inner wall surface.

[0066] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention also provides a suspension system including the bidirectional buffer described above.

[0067] For example, the buffer also includes a trunnion 40 sleeved on the cylinder 20, the trunnion 40 being screwed to the outer wall of the cylinder 20. Figure 1 As shown, an external thread is provided at the middle position on the outer wall of the cylinder 20. The trunnion 40 can be screwed onto the external thread at this position through the internal thread to form a connection. The trunnion 40 can be connected to the mount of the vehicle body.

[0068] Exemplarily, the buffer also includes a hinge 50, which is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod 11 opposite to the piston. The hinge 50, for example, using a ball joint, allows connection to other parts of the vehicle body mount. For example, this buffer can form a connection between the vehicle's shock absorber and the guide mechanism. This replaces the original rigid connecting rod, preventing large impact torques on the shock absorber and protecting it.

[0069] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention also provides a vehicle including the suspension system described above.

[0070] As can be seen from the above, the buffer of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is based on the traditional cylinder structure, which is simple in structure and easy to arrange and install in the buffer system. Using a disc spring instead of a gas medium in the rod cavity eliminates the potential risk of ineffective sealing of the gas in the rod cavity. By arranging a disc spring assembly in the rod cavity and designing a fit between the second nut and the first annular structure, an over-deformation protection mechanism for the disc spring is formed, ensuring that the deformation of the disc spring does not exceed 80% of its maximum deformation. This implementation method achieves a relatively large energy storage effect while ensuring sufficient reliability of the entire device.

[0071] The advantages of the aforementioned suspension system and vehicle over the prior art are the same as the advantages of the damper provided in the first aspect over the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

[0072] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make other changes or modifications based on the above disclosure, and these changes or modifications still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buffer, characterized in that, A bidirectional buffer for a suspension system, the buffer comprising a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod, the cylinder having opposing closed and open ends; The piston is slidably disposed in the cavity of the cylinder, and the portion of the cavity located between the piston and the closed end is used to store gas; The buffer also includes a reset element and a sleeve sleeved on the piston rod, the reset element and the sleeve being distributed along a direction away from the piston; wherein, the sleeve is slidably disposed on the piston rod; the reset element is a plurality of disc springs; The buffer also includes a first limiting structure near the opening end, the first limiting structure having a first annular structure protruding from the inner wall of the cavity; The outer diameter of the sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the first annular structure; The buffer also includes a second limiting structure, which is fixedly mounted on the piston rod and located on the side of the sleeve away from the reset element. The second limiting structure includes a second nut screwed onto the piston rod, and grooves are respectively provided on the opposite side of the piston rod. A retaining ring is engaged in the groove to limit the second nut. The outer diameter of the second limiting structure is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the first annular structure; The buffer further includes a third limiting structure, which has a second annular structure protruding from the inner wall of the cavity of the first annular structure, the second annular structure being close to the opening end of the cylinder. The inner diameter of the second annular structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the second limiting structure.

2. The buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first annular structure is integrally formed with the cylinder body or can be detachably connected.

3. The buffer according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the first annular structure is detachably connected to the cylinder body, the first annular structure is a first nut with external threads; The first nut is screwed to the open end of the cylinder body. The inner diameter of the first nut is smaller than the outer diameter of the sleeve, and the inner diameter of the first nut is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the second nut.

4. The buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second annular structure is integrally formed with the first annular structure or can be detachably connected.

5. The buffer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the sleeve is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder.

6. The buffer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall surface of the sleeve is provided with a first guide ring, and the inner wall surface of the sleeve is provided with a second guide ring; The first guide ring is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder cavity; the second guide ring is slidably connected to the outer wall of the piston rod.

7. A suspension system, characterized in that, Includes the buffer as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. The suspension system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The buffer further includes a trunnion sleeved on the cylinder body, the trunnion being screwed to the outer wall of the cylinder body; and / or The buffer also includes a hinge portion, which is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod opposite to the piston.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the suspension system as described in claim 7 or 8.

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