Method and straightening machine for straightening non-straight rod-shaped material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for straightening a non-straight rod-shaped material (1), by determining a target plastic deformation (s_soll) at a shaping point (12) of the rod-shaped material (1), moving a straightening hammer (8) with an integrated measuring probe (7) to the shaping point (12), carrying out a first shaping impact (h_1) of the straightening hammer (8), determining an actual plastic deformation (s_ist) caused by the first shaping impact (h_1) by means of the integrated measuring probe (7), and determining a second shaping impact (h_2) from the actual plastic deformation (s_ist) caused by the first shaping impact (h_1) and the target plastic deformation (s_soll).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for straightening non-straight rod-shaped materials, which involves determining the target plastic deformation of the rod-shaped material at the forming position.

[0002] The present invention also relates to a straightening machine for non-straight bar materials, which is used to perform targeted plastic deformation at the forming position of the bar material by means of a controller. Background Technology

[0003] The cutting machine processes rod-shaped materials, such as pipes, profiles, and solid profiles. Shorter sections are cut from longer starting materials, for example, those that may be 12 meters long. These shorter sections can be up to two meters long.

[0004] Basically, the pre-material is not perfectly straight. Therefore, the fixed-length cut is not perfectly straight either. In the following text, "perfectly straight" will also be referred to as "straight".

[0005] The straightness of the starting material depends on the material itself, the production process, the material quality, the straightening process on the multi-roller straightener, transportation, finishing, and so on. Sections cut to length typically require minimum straightness, such as camshafts, engine shafts, or universal joints. Generally, achieving straightness in the pre-material is technically impossible or extremely expensive.

[0006] A straightening machine is used to produce parts with the required straightness. Basically, parts for straightness measurement and parts exceeding predefined tolerances are fed into the straightening machine. The straightening machine then straightens these parts and sends them back to the normal process sequence, where straightness can be checked again. Only workpieces that achieve the required straightness before or after the straightening process are output as qualified parts into the material flow.

[0007] In the prior art, for example, straightening machines are known from DE 10 2005 021 946 A1, which have a straightening anvil on the right and a straightening anvil on the left, and one or more straightening hammers in the middle. First, the workpiece is clamped on both sides, for example, between the center, and measured in a rotating, contact, or non-contact manner. A suitable calculation unit calculates the straightness of the workpiece. The deviation profile is determined. The calculation unit also calculates the necessary deformation and support points to achieve the straightness tolerance. Then, the workpiece is placed on the straightening anvil according to the previously calculated target value, and plastic deformation is performed with the straightening hammers until the workpiece achieves the desired straightness.

[0008] To plastically deform this part, a straightening hammer must be used beyond the elastic range of deformation. Plastic deformation only occurs and persists permanently after elastic deformation. The forming impact (stroke) of the straightening hammer must correspond to the elastic deformation plus the plastic deformation. When the straightening hammer is released from the part again, the elastic deformation component essentially springs back, leaving only the plastic deformation component. The magnitude of the plastic deformation at the forming location can be determined from the calculation of the straightness function in the previous straightness measurement and calculation unit.

[0009] However, the problem is that the function between the elastic and plastic components of the forming impact is not constant, or does not obey a precisely known function. This function depends on many conditions, such as residual stress in the material, strain hardening, and material fluctuations, which are not constant and therefore cannot be predicted even over the length of the pre-material.

[0010] Therefore, while measurements and mathematical calculations can determine the necessary deformation of the workpiece and where it must be deformed to meet specified tolerances, the exact magnitude of the target impact from the straightening hammer remains unknown. Statistical methods can predict the target impact, but the material may also deform too little or too much. The disadvantages must either be accepted, or the workpiece must be removed from the straightening anvil, measured, and placed back on for re-straightening. This is disadvantageous and extremely time-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0011] Therefore, in a first aspect, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for straightening non-straight rod-shaped materials, which at least reduces the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0012] In a second aspect, the object of the present invention is to provide a straightening machine for non-straight bar materials that reduces the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0013] This objective is achieved by a method having the features of the invention as described in the first aspect.

[0014] First, one or more target plastic deformations are determined at one or more forming locations in a rod-shaped material using measurement and mathematical methods. The forming location is understood as a position or region on the material to which forming forces are applied to achieve deformation. The measurement and mathematical methods used in this regard are known in the field, for example, from deep learning using Python and Keras (ISBN 978-3-95845-838-3).

[0015] According to the present invention, a straightening hammer with an integrated measuring probe is moved to the side or above the forming position. The integrated probe is generally understood to be interconnected with the hammer. The integrated probe is physically arranged in the straightening hammer, which makes it preferably positioned at the center of the pressure surface of the straightening hammer. The pressure surface of the straightening hammer encounters the forming position of the material during the forming process, caused by forming impact.

[0016] The first forming impact of the straightening hammer is performed, and the actual plastic deformation caused by the first forming impact is measured by an integrated measuring probe. If necessary, a second forming impact or further impacts are determined based on the actual plastic deformation caused by the first forming impact and the target deformation.

[0017] Preferably, to determine the first forming impact, a feature map is provided that clarifies the range of actual plastic deformation of the material for each possible forming impact, within which the probability of actual deformation is high. Preferably, the maximum limit of the actual plastic deformation range is selected as the forming impact. However, the forming impact can also be selected within the upper limit of 10%, 9%, or any lower value of the actual plastic deformation range.

[0018] This takes into account the fact that, for a given target plastic deformation to be achieved at a forming location in a rod-shaped material, it is impossible to predict definitively which forming impact must be applied. Instead, it can be known from statistical methods, empirical values, and evaluations using artificial intelligence and machine learning that a particular first forming impact produces deformation within the actual plastic deformation range (i.e., in the feature map).

[0019] A straightening hammer acts on the forming position, delivering a first forming impact. As a result, the rod-shaped material deforms first elastically and then plastically. After the straightening hammer is released, the elastic portion springs back, and the actual plastic deformation still exists. However, this cannot be definitively predicted during the defined first forming impact.

[0020] However, since the actual deformation range is known, that is, within a certain range, the actual deformation is achieved with a very high probability (i.e., 99%-99.9% or higher) through a certain forming impact, it is preferable to select the target deformation as a high value, which is preferably the maximum value of the actual deformation range.

[0021] This means that the target deformation is determined by a known method, and the target deformation is assigned to the first shaping impact, with its actual deformation span such that its maximum value corresponds to, or is equal to, the target deformation. However, other tasks can also be envisioned in principle. For example, the target deformation could be one-tenth, one-fifth, or so of the actual deformation produced by the first shaping impact.

[0022] Advantageously, the first forming impact causes both elastic and actual deformation of the material within the actual plastic deformation range.

[0023] Because the first forming impact is carefully selected, the actual deformation produced by the first forming impact, in optimal conditions, corresponds only to the target deformation, which is the maximum value of the actual deformation range. Therefore, in most cases, the actual plastic deformation produced by the first forming impact will be lower than the target plastic deformation. Thus, a second forming impact is necessary.

[0024] The actual deformation resulting from the first forming impact is measured by an integrated measurement probe and evaluated along with the target deformation. Conveniently, the characteristic curve within the characteristic field is determined by the actual deformation, and the characteristic curve is selected to determine the second forming impact.

[0025] This method utilizes the idea that, given a forming impact, the actual deformation cannot be predicted definitively; only the actual deformation range can be determined and recorded in a feature map. However, if the measurement data of the first deformation is obtained before evaluating the forming position where the actual deformation has already occurred, the actual deformation can be predicted more accurately using a second forming impact.

[0026] It has been found that, in the feature diagram, if the actual plastic deformation for the first forming impact has been known at the forming location, the feature curve for a specific forming location can be determined very precisely. The feature curve is precisely determined by the zero point and the actual deformation for the first forming impact, and it is used to determine the second forming impact according to the present invention.

[0027] Advantageously, this characteristic curve more precisely identifies the second forming impact at the already defined plastic deformation target.

[0028] Preferably, the characteristic curve of the rod-shaped material in the characteristic diagram is determined by the actual deformation after the first forming impact, which results in the zero point and the measured actual deformation. The characteristic curve in the characteristic diagram has a substantially comparable path tendency. Therefore, the characteristic curve of the forming position can be determined by a single measurement.

[0029] The second forming impact is determined by the characteristic curve. The second forming impact corresponds to the intersection of the characteristic curve and the target deformation.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the target deformation of the rod-shaped material at the forming position is determined by means of an integrated measuring probe during the process. The rod-shaped material is clamped. The zero position of the straightening hammer is determined and stored. A first measurement value of the integrated measuring probe at the zero position of the straightening hammer is determined and stored. A first forming impact of the straightening hammer is performed. The straightening hammer is then moved back to the zero position, and a second measurement value of the integrated probe at the zero position of the straightening hammer is determined. The actual plastic deformation of the rod-shaped material due to the first forming impact at the forming position is determined from the first and second measurement values ​​of the integrated probe.

[0031] Advantageously, the integrated probe only needs to determine the difference between its first and second measurements, from which the actual plastic deformation caused by the first forming impact can be determined. This can be accomplished by determining the distance between the measuring head of the integrated probe and the forming position on the outer surface of the rod-shaped material in the first and second measurements, and thus forming the difference.

[0032] Preferably, a tolerance range is defined, which determines how far the rod-shaped material may deviate from a straight rod-shaped material. If, after the first forming impact, the difference between the actual plastic deformation and the target plastic deformation at the forming position exceeds the tolerance range, a second forming impact is performed at the forming position. If necessary, a third and fourth forming impact can also be performed.

[0033] Preferably, measuring the actual outer surface of the rod-shaped material is the first measurement, and a deviation profile of the actual outer surface is determined from the straight target outer surface. The deviation profile is used to determine the forming location where the first forming impact is applied. In addition to the forming location, one, two, or more contact points of the rod-shaped material on the anvil are typically determined, as well as their distances.

[0034] The forming position is determined by the deviation profile, and is defined as the angular position around the longitudinal axis of the bar material and the position of the straightening hammer along the longitudinal direction of the straightener. The machine controls then allow the bar material (preferably clamped between two supports) to rotate about the longitudinal axis to the angular position determined by the deviation profile, and then move the hammer next to the bar material along the transverse axis of the longitudinal movement until the straightening hammer is directly positioned in the forming position and can act on the forming position to perform the first forming impact.

[0035] Conveniently, the target deformation is determined in a known manner from the deviation profile of the forming position, and the first forming impact assigned to the target deformation is determined from the feature map as described above.

[0036] Conveniently, the rod-shaped material is placed on two spaced anvils, with the forming position arranged longitudinally between the two anvils.

[0037] The objective is achieved in its second aspect by a straightening machine having the features of the present invention.

[0038] The straightening machine is suitable for performing one of the above processes. Conversely, the above processes are suitable for use with one of the following straightening machines.

[0039] The description of this method is also considered to be based on publicly available straightening machines.

[0040] The straightening machine described in this invention is for non-straight, rod-shaped materials and is suitable for targeted plastic deformation at the forming location of the rod-shaped material. It includes a controller for a traversing device with a straightening hammer (with an integrated measuring probe). The control system advantageously includes a computing unit and a memory. Feature maps are stored in the memory, which define the actual deformation range of the material for each forming impact, within which the probability of actual deformation is high, i.e., greater than 95%, 96%, preferably 99% or higher.

[0041] The control unit advantageously utilizes its computing unit to determine the first forming impact from the target deformation, which advantageously employs a feature map. This target deformation is preferably in the upper 10% or lower range, and is preferably the maximum value within the actual deformation range. However, other settings between the actual plastic deformation range and the target plastic deformation are also conceivable.

[0042] Advantageously, the first forming impact is selected in such a way that, for a given material, the actual plastic deformation is caused by a first forming impact that results in a lower-than-determined target plastic deformation, with a high probability of at least 95%, preferably 99%, or higher. Excessive deformation is best avoided.

[0043] The integrated measurement probe of this invention measures the actual plastic deformation caused by the first forming impact and transmits its measurement value to the controller via a data transmission connection. Since the actual deformation is determined as a definite forming position based on the actual forming impact, the feature map can be limited to a feature curve. The feature curve in the feature map can be determined from the actual deformation. As described above, the control system can then determine the second forming impact from the target deformation and the feature curve. The second forming impact is the value on the feature curve that generates the target deformation, i.e., ideally achieving the target deformation thereafter, or, if not, at least achieving only underdeformation, and the above process is repeated a second time.

[0044] Preferably, the straightening machine includes at least two anvils spaced apart longitudinally for supporting rod-shaped material. The rod-shaped material can preferably be placed on the two anvils, thereby advantageously clamping two opposing and rotatable supports. Between the two opposing supports, a measuring probe is advantageously positioned beside the clamped rod-shaped material to measure the actual outer surface of the material and determine the deviation profile of the actual outer surface from the straight target outer surface. Thus, as described above, the forming position of the straightening hammer and the contact point of the rod-shaped material on the anvils can be determined by known methods.

[0045] Particularly preferably, the integrated measuring probe with a measuring head is centrally guided by a straightening hammer, thereby enabling the measuring head to perform distance measurements beyond the impact surface of the straightening hammer. Advantageously, the distance between the measuring head and the forming position of the rod-shaped material can be determined. Advantageously, a first distance measurement is performed before the first forming impact, and a second distance measurement is performed after the first forming impact, to determine the actual plastic deformation caused by the forming impact at the forming position by forming the difference.

[0046] The straightening hammer is preferably mounted on a CNC-controlled transverse axis in the transverse direction of the actual outer surface of the rod-shaped material. The CNC-controlled transverse axis is highly precise and allows the straightening hammer to be controlled within the micrometer range.

[0047] The rod-shaped material can be advantageously placed on the bearing. The bearing can be conical. However, it is also conceivable that the bearing is formed only as a transparent area between two opposing supports, where, for example, the supports can be two opposing tips in which the tube is clamped and can rotate. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The present invention is described in six figures by way of embodiments. Thus, it is shown that:

[0049] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the straightening machine for non-straight, rod-shaped materials of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 : Figure 1 A straightening machine for non-straight, rod-shaped materials in the first process step.

[0051] Figure 3 : Figure 1 The straightening machine for non-straight, rod-shaped materials in the second process step.

[0052] Figure 4 : Figure 1 The straightening machine for non-straight, rod-shaped materials in the third process step.

[0053] Figure 5 : Figure 1 The straightening machine for non-straight, rod-shaped materials in the fourth process step.

[0054] Figure 6 : Surveying map. Detailed Implementation

[0055] According to the present invention Figures 1 to 5 The diagram illustrates a straightening machine 10 and a process performed on the straightening machine 10 for straightening non-straight, rod-shaped materials. Rod-shaped materials here specifically refer to pipes, profiles, solid profiles, etc., extending longitudinally along the length L, and their cross-section is preferably circular, but can also be angular, particularly square.

[0056] The embodiment refers to the fact that pipe 1 is not limited in any way. The length of pipe 1 can reach several meters, and the diameter can reach several centimeters or decimeters. Other dimensions are also conceivable.

[0057] At first glance, the pipe 1 appears straight along its actual outer surface 11 in the longitudinal direction L. However, upon closer inspection, which is also a key point of this invention, the pipe 1 is not straight.

[0058] For example, Figure 1 The pipe 1 shown is wavy in the Y direction. The wavy shape is not shown to scale here but is greatly exaggerated. Typically, the amplitude of the wave formed in the pipe is millimeters or less, and the pipe length is one to two meters. The wave extends along the longitudinal direction L, which corresponds to the Z direction here. Wavy protrusions may also occur in the X direction (not shown), which are superimposed on the wave in the Y direction. The protrusions do not have to be wavy.

[0059] The pipe 1 has an actual outer surface 11, which deviates from a target outer surface extending along the longitudinal direction L. The deviation profile can be determined along the longitudinal direction L. The deviation profile can be determined by the difference formed between the actual outer surface and the target outer surface along the longitudinal direction L. For this purpose, the straightening machine 10 has a bearing 16, on the end face of which tool tips 5 and 6 are provided for clamping and rotating the pipe. The bearing 16 may have a preferred tapered support surface for supporting the pipe 1. Here, the bearing 16 is understood as the gap between the two tool tips 5 and 6. The tool tips 5 and 6 can move back and forth individually along the transverse axes A and B, respectively, and are both arranged in the Z direction. Figure 1 As shown, tool tips 5 and 6 can also move independently in the XY plane. Figure 1 In the diagram, a transverse axis C is drawn for tool tip 5, and a transverse axis D is drawn for another tool tip 6, both moving along the Y direction. The two transverse axes in the X direction for the two tool tips 5 and 6 are not drawn. The two tool tips 5 and 6 are arranged opposite to each other so that their axes of rotation extend relative to each other. Tube 1 can be clamped between tool tips 5 and 6 by moving them relative to each other. The clamped tube 1 itself can be rotated by rotating tool tips 5 and 6.

[0060] Along the bearing 16 located between tool tips 5 and 6, measuring probes 2 for measuring the straightness of pipe 1 are arranged at a certain distance from each other along the longitudinal direction L. The distance can be equidistant. Different distances can also be selected. The probes 2 can also be arranged at different angles around the bearing 16 and pipe 1 with a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. The measuring probes 2 can be contact type, optical type, or other designs. They are capable of distance measurement with an accuracy of 0.1 μm or lower. The measuring probes 2 for measuring the straightness of pipe 1 are connected to a control system with a data storage device via data transmission, wherein, in particular, the distance values ​​from each measuring probe 2 to the measuring point on the outer surface 11 of pipe 2 are stored. The method of measuring the straightness of pipe 1 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, pipe 1 is clamped, and measuring probe 2 performs a first distance measurement. Pipe 1 rotates a small distance by angles α and β, and measuring probe 2 performs a second distance measurement at the rotated angular position. Pipe 1 then rotates another angle α and β, and measuring probe 2 performs a third distance measurement, and so on. The distance measurement values, along with the longitudinal position L and angular position of probe 2, are stored and evaluated to determine the actual outer surface 11 of pipe 1. The actual outer surface 11 of pipe 1 deviates from the straight target outer surface of pipe 1. Figure 1 In the middle, pipe 1 is exaggeratedly bent.

[0061] Typically, deviations from the predefined straightness tolerance of 1 μm or less can be tolerated for further processing of the pipe 1. According to the invention, non-straightness outside the tolerance range is corrected and straightened. The pipe 10 according to the invention is straightened by a straightening machine 10 to bring it back within the tolerance range.

[0062] Straightening of pipe 1 is preferably achieved by means of Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates two anvils 3 and 4 and the straightening hammer 8 of the present invention, wherein an integrated measuring probe 7 is arranged in the center. The straightening hammer 8 is a cylindrical structure with a central hole, preferably a central circular hole, wherein the contact or optical integrated measuring probe 7 is preferably embedded. The integrated measuring probe 7 can move back and forth relative to the straightening hammer 8 along the vertical travel axis J within the straightening hammer 8 and can disappear within the straightening hammer 8, with the measuring surface 7a aligned with the striking surface 8a of the straightening hammer 8.

[0063] An integrated measuring probe 7 is installed in a straightening hammer 8 with a return spring 15, which pushes the measuring surface 7a out of the striking surface 8a under no-load conditions.

[0064] according to Figure 1 The straightening hammer 8 can move towards and away from the pipe 1 along the vertical transverse axis H, and it can also move along the longitudinal direction L of the pipe 1 along the horizontal transverse axis G, or along a horizontal transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L (not shown). The measuring surface 7a of the measuring probe 7a, as shown... Figure 1As shown, it can also move parallel to the transverse axis H of the straightening hammer 8, preferably very easily, i.e. with almost no resistance.

[0065] Figure 2 The diagram shows the arrangement of the straightening hammer 8, the measuring probe 7, and the two anvils 3 and 4 clamped between the tool tips 5 and 6 before straightening, along with the tube 1. The two anvils 3 and 4 can move back and forth along the longitudinal direction L and the transverse axes E and F.

[0066] The position of the transverse axis G and the angles α and β of the two angular tips 5 and 6 are calculated from the actual target outer surface of the tube 1, the forming position 12 of the straightening hammer 8 on the tube 1, and the support points 13 and 14 of the tube 1 on the anvils 3 and 4. The target deformation of the tube 1 at the forming position 12 is calculated so that the tube 1 is straightened when it is supported between the anvils 3 and 4 which are spaced a certain distance apart.

[0067] The problem is that the target deformation at the forming position 12 of the tube 1 and the forming impact h of the straightening hammer 8 cannot be clearly distributed to each other.

[0068] The straightening process in existing technologies is essentially the same. To induce plastic deformation of the pipe 1, a forming impact h must first be applied to the pipe 1 using a straightening hammer 8, exceeding the elastic range of deformation. Plastic deformation only occurs after elastic deformation. The forming impact h of the straightening hammer 8 must essentially correspond to the elastic deformation plus the plastic deformation s. When the straightening hammer 8 moves backward again and the pipe 1 is unloaded, the elastic deformation component essentially springs back, leaving only the plastic deformation component, which also corresponds to the actual plastic deformation s_ist.

[0069] In principle, the amount of plastic deformation *s* at forming position 12 should be known to achieve sufficient straightness of tube 1 through straightening. However, the function between the elastic and plastic deformation components of the forming impact *h* is unknown. This function depends on many conditions, particularly material properties, work hardening, or other material variations. However, they are so different that the function between the elastic and plastic components is unpredictable even over the length of tube 1. Therefore, it is impossible to determine which forming impact *h* the straightening hammer 8 must apply to achieve the target deformation *s*. While statistical methods can be used to predict possible forming impacts *h*, tube 1 is also likely to be plastically deformed too much or too little. If overforming occurs, tube 1 must be measured again, lifted from anvils 3 and 4, rotated, and lowered again, and then straightened again. This is time-consuming.

[0070] Figure 6 schematically shown Figure 2 , 3 The ideas behind the technological steps described in sections 4 and 5. First... Figure 6A given feature map 60 is shown, which can be obtained through statistical methods related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc., such as deep learning using Python and Keras (ISBN 978-3-95845-838-3). The statistical relationship between the forming impact h of the straightening hammer 8 and the plastic deformation s produced by the forming impact h of a specific material is shown here. The distance between the two anvils 3 and 4 and the position of the straightening hammer 8 are also included in the feature map 60. The feature map 60 is read as follows: when the first forming impact h_1 is performed, the actual plastic deformation s_ist is within the deformation span b along the X-axis within the feature map 60. The actual plastic deformation s_ist lies within the deformation span b with probabilities of 95%, 99%, and 99.9%. The width of the feature map 60, i.e., the length of the deformation span b in the X direction, depends primarily on the properties of the material. This width depends in particular on residual stress, strain hardening, or other material fluctuations in the material. On the other hand, although the global shape of feature map 60 also depends on the distance between anvils 3 and 4, the diameter of pipe 1, the wall thickness of pipe 1, etc., these are parameters that can predict accurate bending behavior and do not significantly affect the width of feature map 60. They only affect the global shape, i.e., the gradient of feature map 60, etc.

[0071] Furthermore, it is known that the actual deformation s_ist of the rod-shaped material, especially the tube 1, is subjected to different first forming impacts at the forming position 12, which follows the characteristic curve 61, and its... Figure 6 Move the feature graph 60 shown. Insert the feature curve 61 into the feature graph 60. It has been found that the feature curve 61 in the feature graph 60 can also be precisely represented by two points in real numbers.

[0072] The process of this invention is described below.

[0073] Pipe 1 as Figure 2 The straightening hammer 8 is positioned on anvils 3 and 4 at angles α and β, respectively. The forming position 12 of the straightening hammer 8 and the support points 13 and 14 on anvils 3 and 4 are known. In... Figure 2 In the first process step shown, the straightening hammer 8 is positioned above the forming position 12 via the transverse axis G. The straightening hammer 8 is located on the anvils 3 and 4. It is known how large the target plastic deformation s_soll at the forming position 12 must be in order to provide a tube 1 that is as straight as possible after the straightening process.

[0074] In the second process step, such as Figure 3As shown, the straightening hammer 8 moves along the transverse axis H in the direction of the forming position 12 of the tube 1 until the measuring surface 7a of the probe 7 contacts the outer surface of the tube 1. However, the probe 7 does not apply any pressure to the forming position 12 of the already bent tube. The straightening hammer 8 is at the zero position. The zero position is determined and its coordinates are recorded. Now, the first measurement is performed by the measuring probe 7 at the zero position, and the first measurement value of the measuring probe 7 is stored. For example, the measurement data is recorded as the distance between the measuring surface 7a of the measuring probe and the striking surface 8a in the Y direction, or a similar measurement. The first measurement value is the measurement value that determines the distance between the forming position 12 of the straightening hammer 8 and the striking surface 8a. However, this is not necessarily the case; it is important to record the position of the forming position 12 relative to the straightening hammer 8.

[0075] In the third process step, such as Figure 4 The first forming impact h_1 is applied to the forming position 12 as shown.

[0076] The first forming impact h_1 is predetermined based on the known target deformation s_soll at forming position 12. Therefore, according to... Figure 6 The intersection point of the target deformation s_soll and the lower, minimum limit of feature map 60 is determined. This intersection point determines the first forming impact h_1. The selected first forming impact h_1 statistically generates the target deformation s_soll within the deformation span b of the material. The target deformation s_soll can only be achieved under optimal conditions with the first forming impact h_1. If this is not the case, the actual deformation s_ist is generated, which is lower than the target deformation s_soll within the deformation span b. Therefore, the deformation of pipe 1 is less than the actual required deformation.

[0077] Deformation process such as Figure 4 The straightening action is performed by a straightening hammer 8, which is securely mounted on a CNC-controlled axis H. The straightening hammer 8 moves in the opposite direction to the Y direction via a first forming impact h_1. The straightening hammer 8... Figure 4 As shown, the tube 1 is bent to a certain extent by the first forming impact h_1 moving in the opposite Y direction through the CNC-controlled axis H. This bending includes both elastic and plastic components.

[0078] exist Figure 5 In the middle, the straightening hammer 8 moves backward again and the elastic deformation has weakened. The plastic deformation s is retained and the straightened pipe 1 is straightened.

[0079] This invention collects information using a measuring probe 7. Then, in the fourth process step, the straightening hammer 8 is pressed... Figure 5 Moving backward, pipe 1 is loosened, and straightening hammer 8... Figure 3The device is moved back to the zero position, and a second measurement is performed using the measuring probe 7 to determine the second measurement value. The second measurement value is compared with the first measurement value from the measuring probe 7, and the actual deformation s_ist after the first forming impact h_1 is determined from the difference in the measurement values, such as the difference in the distance between the forming position 12 of the straightening hammer 8 and the impact surface 8a.

[0080] The creative idea is to use information about the first actual deformation s_ist to greatly reduce the feature map 60 so that the second forming impact h_2 can be performed more accurately and is very close to the target deformation s_soll.

[0081] The actual plastic deformation s_ist after the first forming impact h_1 typically does not correspond to the target plastic deformation s_soll, but it is lower than the target deformation s_soll. However, the measurement value of the measuring probe 7 allows indication of the specific value of the actual deformation s_ist produced by the first forming impact H_1, therefore, according to Figure 6 The actual deformation s_ist that occurs can be assigned to the first forming impact h_1, therefore it can be... Figure 6 Feature curve 61 within feature diagram 60 is assigned to forming position 12, which has well-defined material properties. Feature curve 61 illustrates the plastic deformation behavior of forming position 12 under different impacts h.

[0082] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, in a further process cycle, the tube 1 is straightened at forming position 12 by a second forming impact h_2. The magnitude of the second forming impact h_2 is determined by... Figure 6 The characteristic curve 61 and its intersection with the target deformation s_soll are determined.

[0083] If necessary, the process cycle can be performed a third or fourth time. In actual implementation of the process, it has been shown that several process cycles are required. However, this also demonstrates that a well-defined straightness tolerance can be maintained with high certainty through this process, which repeatedly approaches the target deformation s_soll.

[0084] Reference tag list

[0085] 1. Pipe / Rod Materials

[0086] 2 probes

[0087] 3 anvils

[0088] 4 anvils

[0089] 5. Tool tip

[0090] 6. Tool tip 7

[0092] 7a Measurement Surface

[0093] 8 Straightening hammers

[0094] 8a Impact Surface

[0095] 10 Straightening Machine

[0096] 11 Actual outer surface

[0097] 12 Forming position

[0098] 13 Support Points

[0099] 14 Support Points

[0100] 15. Return spring

[0101] 16 Support

[0102] 60 Known Areas

[0103] 61 Features

[0104] b Deformation span

[0105] H-shaped impact

[0106] h_1 First Forming Impact

[0107] h_2 Second Forming Impact

[0108] s Plastic deformation

[0109] s_ist Plastic deformation

[0110] s_soll target deformation

[0111] A travel axis

[0112] B travel axis

[0113] C travel axis

[0114] D travel axis

[0115] E travel axis

[0116] F travel axis

[0117] G Vertical travel axis

[0118] H horizontal travel axis

[0119] J travel axis

[0120] L longitudinal

[0121] α angle

[0122] β angle

Claims

1. A method for straightening non-straight rod-shaped materials (1), characterized in that, The target plastic deformation (s_soll) is determined at the forming position (12) of the non-straight bar material (1). The straightening hammer (8) with the integrated measuring probe (7) is moved to the forming position (12). A feature diagram (60) is provided, which indicates the plastic deformation span (b) of the non-straight bar material for each forming impact (h). The first forming impact (h_1) of the straightening hammer (8) is performed. The actual plastic deformation (s_ist) caused by the first forming impact (h_1) is determined by the integrated measurement probe (7), and After the first forming impact (h_1), the characteristic curve (61) of the non-straight bar material (1) within the characteristic map (60) is determined from the actual plastic deformation (s_ist), and the second forming impact (h_2) is determined from the characteristic curve (61), wherein the second forming impact (h_2) corresponds to the forming impact (h) along the characteristic curve (61) to the plastic target deformation (s_soll).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic deformation and actual plastic deformation (s_ist) of the non-straight rod-shaped material (1) within the plastic deformation span (b) caused by the first forming impact (h_1).

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first forming impact (h_1) is selected such that the associated plastic deformation span (b) has a maximum value corresponding to the plastic target deformation (s_soll), and the actual plastic deformation (s_ist) generated by the first forming impact (h_1) defines the characteristic curve (61) within the characteristic map (60), and the characteristic curve (61) is selected to determine the second forming impact (h_2).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target plastic deformation (s_soll) is determined at the forming position (12) of the non-straight rod material (1). The non-straight rod-shaped material (1) is clamped. Determine the zero position of the straightening hammer (8). The first measurement value of the integrated measuring probe (7) is determined by the zero position of the straightening hammer (8). The first forming impact (h_1) of the straightening hammer (8) is performed. Move the straightening hammer (8) back to the zero position. The second measurement value of the integrated measurement probe (7) is determined at the zero position of the straightening hammer (8), and the actual plastic deformation (s_ist) of the non-straight bar material (1) formed by the first forming impact (h_1) is determined by the first measurement value and the second measurement value, and the actual plastic deformation (s_ist) is compared with the target plastic deformation (s_soll).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tolerance range is defined. If the difference between the actual plastic deformation (s_ist) and the target plastic deformation (s_soll) is outside the tolerance range after the first forming impact (h_1), then the second forming impact (h_2) is performed at the forming position (12).

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual outer surface of the non-straight rod-shaped material (1) is measured, and the deviation profile between the outer surface of the straight target and the actual outer surface is determined. The forming position (12) is determined by the deviation profile.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The forming position (12) is determined from the deviation profile as the angle (α, β) around the longitudinal direction (L) of the non-straight bar material (1) and the position of the straightening hammer (8) along the travel axis (G) of the longitudinal direction (L).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The non-straight rod-shaped material (1) is placed on two anvils spaced apart from each other, and the forming position (12) is set on the longitudinal direction (L) between the two anvils.

9. A straightening machine for a non-straight bar material (1), used for performing plastic target deformation (s_soll) at a forming position (12) of the non-straight bar material (1), comprising: Controller for the lateral movement device of the straightening hammer (8) with integrated measuring probe (7), A memory with a feature map (60) indicating the plastic deformation span (b) of each forming impact (h) of the non-straight bar material. Thus, the controller can define the first forming impact (h_1) from the plastic target deformation (s_soll). The actual plastic deformation (s_ist) caused by the first forming impact (h_1) is measured by the integrated measurement probe (7), and its measured value can be fed to the controller via a data transmission connection. The characteristic curve (61) in the characteristic diagram (60) can be determined from the actual plastic deformation (s_ist) in the control system, and The second forming impact (h_2) can be determined by the controller from the plastic target deformation (s_soll) and the characteristic curve (61).

10. The straightening machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least two anvils are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction (L) for supporting the non-straight rod-shaped material (1).

11. The straightening machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The integrated measuring probe (7) with measuring head (7a) is centrally guided by the straightening hammer (8), and the measuring head (7a) is capable of measuring distances beyond the striking surface (8a) of the straightening hammer (8).

12. The straightening machine according to claim 11, characterized in that, The integrated measuring probe (7) is a contact measuring probe, wherein the measuring head (7a) protrudes centrally from the hole of the straightening hammer (8) and is capable of returning completely to the interior behind the striking surface (8a) of the straightening hammer (8).

13. The straightening machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, A measuring system for measuring the outer surface of the non-straight bar material (1) is arranged along the support (16) of the non-straight bar material (1). The measuring system includes rotatable supports arranged opposite to each other for clamping the non-straight bar material (1) and the measuring probe (2) arranged between the supports.

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