A directional sampler and method for detecting heavy metals in soil

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil samplers, and discloses a directional sampler and method for detecting heavy metals in soil. The directional sampler and method for detecting heavy metals in soil include a base, the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod, the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a mounting frame, the lower surface of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to a drive motor, and the output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. The directional sampler and method for detecting heavy metals in soil are used in conjunction with a stabilizing mechanism and a fixing component. When the drill bit in the stabilizing mechanism breaks through the hard soil layer, it is driven by a driving slider in the stabilizing mechanism, and then the fixing rod, sliding rod and positioning block in the fixing component are extended, and then the positioning block is inserted into the soil to complete the fixing of the equipment, so that the sampling mechanism can be more stable when used, avoiding the occurrence of tilting or displacement when the sampling mechanism is running to break the hard soil layer, and making the equipment sampling more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil samplers, and in particular to a directional sampler and a method thereof for detecting heavy metals in soil. Background Art

[0002] Due to long-term heavy metal pollution, some land has been abandoned. The surface soil of the abandoned land is dry and hard, which causes some samplers to be unstable when breaking the hard soil layer during operation, causing the sampling area to shift, making it difficult to obtain accurate data. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a directional sampler and method for soil heavy metal detection. The directional sampler and method for soil heavy metal detection effectively solve the problem that long-abandoned land has a hard texture of dry surface soil, which causes some samplers to be unstable when breaking the hard soil layer during operation, resulting in the sampling area being offset, making it difficult to obtain accurate data.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a directional sampler for soil heavy metal detection and a method thereof, comprising a base, the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod, the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a mounting frame, the lower surface of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to a drive motor, the output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, the bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of a telescopic rod, the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a sampling mechanism, and a stabilizing mechanism is provided below the base;

[0005] The stabilizing mechanism comprises:

[0006] A positioning motor, wherein the positioning motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base;

[0007] A positioning leg, the positioning leg being fixedly connected to the lower surface of the base;

[0008] A rotating rod, wherein the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the positioning motor, and the bottom end of the rotating rod passes through the positioning leg and extends to the bottom end of the positioning leg;

[0009] A drill bit, the drill bit being fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating rod;

[0010] A mounting hole, wherein the mounting hole is arranged on the outside of the positioning leg, and a plurality of the mounting holes are arranged;

[0011] A driving slider, the driving slider is slidably connected to the inner side of the mounting hole, and the inner side of the driving slider extends to the inside of the positioning leg;

[0012] A push rod, the push rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the driving slider away from the positioning leg;

[0013] A push rod, the push rod is movably connected to the top end of the driving rod through a pin;

[0014] A half gear, the half gear being fixedly connected to a side of the push rod close to the positioning leg;

[0015] A fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the inner side of the positioning leg, and the fixed shaft is movably connected to the inner side of the half gear;

[0016] The fixing assembly is arranged on the inner side of the positioning leg and is used for stabilizing the positioning leg.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the stabilizing mechanism is used in conjunction with the fixing assembly. When the drill bit breaks through the hard soil layer and further inserts the positioning leg into the soil, the positioning block slides out and embeds into the soil, thereby improving the stability of the entire equipment while ensuring that the sampling tube will not be offset, thereby ensuring the accuracy of sampling and the accuracy of data.

[0018] Preferably, the sampling mechanism includes a driving shaft, the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the driving shaft, the bottom end of the driving shaft is provided with a drilling portion, the outer side of the drilling portion is fixedly connected to a drilling tool, the interior of the driving shaft is fixedly connected to a controller through a cavity, an electromagnetic guide rail is provided below the controller, and the electromagnetic guide rail is electrically connected to the controller, the outer side of the electromagnetic guide rail is slidably connected to an electromagnetic slider, the inner side of the electromagnetic slider is fixedly connected to a sampling barrel, the inner side of the sampling barrel is provided with an exhaust chamber, the sampling barrel is movably connected to a sealing sheet through the exhaust chamber, the inner side of the sampling barrel is provided with an air inlet hole, and the air inlet hole is communicated with the exhaust chamber, the upper surface of the sampling barrel is provided with an exhaust hole, and the exhaust hole is communicated with the exhaust chamber, and a blocking component is provided inside the driving shaft.

[0019] Through the above technical scheme, the present application uses the drilling part set by the sampling mechanism in conjunction with the drilling tool, and utilizes the serrated blade set on the edge of the drilling tool to easily break the hard soil layer, thereby avoiding the situation where ordinary cutter heads are difficult to break the hard soil layer.

[0020] Preferably, the fixing assembly includes an installation shaft, a driving rod, a fixing rod, a sliding rod and a positioning block, the positioning leg is fixedly connected to the installation shaft via a groove, the outer side of the installation shaft is movably connected to the driving rod, and the driving rod is meshed with the half gear, the outer side of the driving rod is fixedly connected to the fixing rod, the inner side of the fixing rod is movably connected to the sliding rod, and the lower surface of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the positioning block.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, the present application uses a fixed component. After the positioning leg is inserted into the soil, the push rod is further pushed by the driving slider to rotate the push rod. After the driving rod further moves the fixed rod and the sliding rod outward, the positioning block is inserted into the soil to position the entire device to avoid the occurrence of deviation during equipment movement.

[0022] Preferably, the blocking assembly includes a positioning cavity, a return spring, a movable plate and a blocking plate. A positioning cavity is provided on the inner side of the driving shaft. The driving shaft is movably connected to the return spring via the positioning cavity. The end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the movable plate. The inner side of the movable plate extends to the inner side of the driving shaft and is fixedly connected to the blocking plate. The inner side of the driving shaft is movably connected to the blocking plate via a positioning rod.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, the blocking component set up in the present application can prevent part of the soil from entering the inside of the driving shaft when the driving shaft moves downward. When the sampling tube moves downward, it will push the blocking plate to open downward, thereby protecting the sampling tube and ensuring the accuracy of the sampling tube in soil sampling.

[0024] Preferably, a barb-shaped protrusion is provided on the lower surface of the positioning block, and a damping block is provided on the inner side of the fixing rod.

[0025] Through the above technical solution, the barbed protrusions provided under the positioning block of the present application further enhance the stability of the positioning block when inserted into the soil, while preventing the positioning block from slipping.

[0026] Preferably, the sealing sheet is arranged in an I-shape, and the upper side of the sealing sheet is installed inside the exhaust cavity, and the lower side of the sealing sheet is arranged on the inner side of the sampling tube.

[0027] Through the above technical solution, the I-shaped sealing sheet of the present application forms a negative pressure inside the sampling tube when the sampling tube moves, ensuring that the sampled soil is located inside the sampling tube, thereby preventing the sampled soil from falling off automatically.

[0028] Preferably, the bottom end of the sampling tube is provided with a forty-five-degree inward chamfer.

[0029] Preferably, two groups of the blocking components are provided, and the two groups of the blocking components are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the inside of the driving shaft with the center line of the driving shaft as a reference.

[0030] Through the above technical solution, the present application utilizes two sets of blocking components to further improve the cleanliness of the sampling tube when it is inside the driving shaft, thereby preventing soil outside the sampling area from entering the interior of the sampling tube, and facilitating use.

[0031] A method for using a directional sampler for soil heavy metal detection comprises the following steps:

[0032] A. First, after locating the sampling area, start the positioning motor. After the positioning motor rotates, it further drives the rotating rod and the drill bit to rotate. After the upper hard soil is broken by the rotation of the drill bit, it moves further downward and drives the positioning leg to move downward and insert it into the soil. Then, the surface soil layer squeezes the driving slider, and then drives the slider to move upward and push the top rod to move. After that, the right end of the push rod moves upward and rotates along the fixed axis to drive the half gear to rotate;

[0033] B. Then the half gear rotates to drive the driving rod to rotate and push the fixed rod out through the driving rod. Then, while the sliding rod slides out, the positioning block drops due to gravity and the bottom of the positioning block contacts the soil layer. The drill bit moves further down and the positioning block is stuck to complete the positioning.

[0034] C. Then start the drive motor, which drives the drive shaft to rotate after the drive motor rotates, and then the drilling part and the drilling tool at the bottom of the drive shaft work. When the drilling tool breaks the surface hard soil layer, the hydraulic cylinder starts and pushes the telescopic rod downward, further pushing the drive shaft downward until it moves to the sampling position. The electromagnetic guide rail is energized through the controller, and then the sampling tube moves down quickly following the electromagnetic slider. When the sampling tube contacts the blocking component, the blocking plate is opened and the sampled soil is inserted by its own gravity and the thrust driven by the electromagnetic guide rail. When the sampling tube moves down, it pushes the sealing plate up to discharge the internal air. When the sampling is completed, the electromagnetic guide rail is started again to move the sampling tube up, the sealing plate moves down and the inside of the sampling tube is sealed, so that negative pressure is generated inside the sampling tube to prevent the sampled soil from falling off, and directional sampling can be completed.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. The directional sampler and method for soil heavy metal detection utilize the coordinated use of a stabilizing mechanism and a fixing assembly. When the drill bit in the stabilizing mechanism breaks through the hard soil layer, it is driven by a driving slider in the stabilizing mechanism. Then, the fixing rod, sliding rod and positioning block in the fixing assembly extend out. Then, the positioning block is inserted into the soil to fix the equipment, so that the sampling mechanism can be more stable when used, avoiding the occurrence of tilting or displacement when the sampling mechanism breaks through the hard soil layer, and making the equipment sampling more accurate.

[0037] 2. The directional sampler and method for detecting heavy metals in soil utilize the coordinated use of a sampling mechanism and a blocking component. A sealing sheet provided inside the sampling tube enables the electromagnetic guide rail to drive the electromagnetic slider to discharge the internal air when the sampling tube moves downward. Subsequently, negative pressure is formed inside after the soil in the sampling area is taken out, thereby preventing the sampled soil from falling off. At the same time, the blocking component can prevent soil from non-sampling areas from entering the driving shaft, causing the inside of the sampling tube to be contaminated, resulting in inaccurate data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a stereogram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is the front view of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 A top view of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Cross-sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0042] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0043] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0044] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Middle BB picture;

[0045] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point E in the middle.

[0046] In the figure: 1 base, 2 support rod, 3 mounting frame, 4 drive motor, 5 rotating shaft, 6 hydraulic cylinder, 7 telescopic rod, 8 sampling mechanism, 81 drive shaft, 82 drilling part, 83 drilling tool, 84 controller, 85 electromagnetic guide rail, 86 electromagnetic slider, 87 sampling tube, 88 exhaust chamber, 89 sealing sheet, 810 air inlet, 811 exhaust hole, b blocking component, b1 positioning chamber, b2 return spring, b3 movable plate, b4 blocking plate, 9 stabilizing mechanism, 91 positioning motor, 92 positioning leg, 93 rotating rod, 94 drill bit, 95 mounting hole, 96 drive slider, 97 push rod, 98 push rod, 99 half gear, 910 fixed shaft, a fixed component, a1 mounting shaft, a2 drive rod, a3 fixed rod, a4 slide rod, a5 positioning block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] See also Figure 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a directional sampler for soil heavy metal detection and a method thereof, comprising a base 1, one end of a support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1, the other end of the support rod 2 is fixedly connected to a mounting frame 3, a driving motor 4 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting frame 3, an output end of the driving motor 4 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 5, a bottom end of the rotating shaft 5 is fixedly connected to a hydraulic cylinder 6, an output end of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to one end of a telescopic rod 7, the other end of the telescopic rod 7 is fixedly connected to a sampling mechanism 8, and a stabilizing mechanism 9 is arranged below the base;

[0051] The stabilizing mechanism 9 comprises:

[0052] A positioning motor 91, wherein the positioning motor 91 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1;

[0053] A positioning leg 92, the positioning leg 92 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the base 1;

[0054] A rotating rod 93, the rotating rod 93 is fixedly connected to the output end of the positioning motor 91, and the bottom end of the rotating rod 93 passes through the positioning leg 92 and extends to the bottom end of the positioning leg 92;

[0055] A drill bit 94, the drill bit 94 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating rod 93;

[0056] A mounting hole 95, wherein the mounting hole 95 is disposed on the outer side of the positioning leg 92, and a plurality of mounting holes 95 are provided;

[0057] A driving slider 96, the driving slider 96 is slidably connected to the inner side of the mounting hole 95, and the inner side of the driving slider 96 extends to the inside of the positioning leg 92;

[0058] A push rod 97, the push rod 97 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the end of the driving slider 96 away from the positioning leg 92;

[0059] Push rod 98, push rod 98 is movably connected to the top end of driving rod a2 through a pin;

[0060] A half gear 99, the half gear 99 is fixedly connected to a side of the push rod 98 close to the positioning leg 92;

[0061] A fixed shaft 910, the fixed shaft 910 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the positioning leg 92, and the fixed shaft 910 is movably connected to the inner side of the half gear 99;

[0062] The fixing component a is arranged on the inner side of the positioning leg 92 and is used to stabilize the positioning leg 92. The fixing component a is used in conjunction with the stabilizing mechanism 9. When the drill bit 94 breaks through the hard soil layer and further inserts the positioning leg 92 into the soil, the positioning block a5 slides out and embeds into the soil, thereby improving the stability of the entire device and ensuring that the sampling tube 87 will not be offset, thereby ensuring the accuracy of sampling and the accuracy of data.

[0063] Reference Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the sampling mechanism 8 includes a driving shaft 81, the other end of the telescopic rod 7 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 81, the bottom end of the driving shaft 81 is provided with a drilling portion 82, the outer side of the drilling portion 82 is fixedly connected with a drilling tool 83, the inside of the driving shaft 81 is fixedly connected with a controller 84 through a cavity, an electromagnetic guide rail 85 is provided below the controller 84, and the electromagnetic guide rail 85 is electrically connected to the controller 84, the outer side of the electromagnetic guide rail 85 is slidably connected with an electromagnetic slider 86, the inner side of the electromagnetic slider 86 is fixedly connected with a sampling barrel 87, and the inner side of the sampling barrel 87 is provided with an exhaust cavity 84. 8. The sampling tube 87 is movably connected with a sealing sheet 89 through an exhaust chamber 88. An air inlet hole 810 is provided on the inner side of the sampling tube 87, and the air inlet hole 810 is communicated with the exhaust chamber 88. An exhaust hole 811 is provided on the upper surface of the sampling tube 87, and the exhaust hole 811 is communicated with the exhaust chamber 88. A blocking component b is provided inside the driving shaft 81. The drilling portion 82 provided by the sampling mechanism 8 is used in conjunction with the drilling tool 83. The serrated blade provided on the edge of the drilling tool 83 is used to facilitate breaking through the hard soil layer, thereby avoiding the situation where it is difficult for an ordinary cutter head to break through the hard soil layer.

[0064] Reference Figure 7 , 8As shown, the fixing component a includes an installation shaft a1, a driving rod a2, a fixing rod a3, a sliding rod a4 and a positioning block a5. The positioning leg 92 is fixedly connected to the installation shaft a1 through a groove, the outer side of the installation shaft a1 is movably connected to the driving rod a2, and the driving rod a2 is meshed with the half gear 99, the outer side of the driving rod a2 is fixedly connected to the fixing rod a3, the inner side of the fixing rod a3 is movably connected to the sliding rod a4, and the lower surface of the sliding rod a4 is fixedly connected to the positioning block a5. Through the use of the fixing component a, when the positioning leg 92 is inserted into the soil and further pushes the top rod 97 through the driving slider 96, the push rod 98 is rotated, and the rod a2 is further driven to move the fixing rod a3 and the sliding rod a4 outward, and the positioning block a5 is inserted into the soil to position the entire device to avoid the occurrence of deviation during equipment movement.

[0065] Reference Figure 4 , 6 As shown, the blocking component b includes a positioning cavity b1, a return spring b2, a movable plate b3 and a blocking plate b4. The inner side of the driving shaft 81 is provided with a positioning cavity b1. The driving shaft 81 is movably connected to the return spring b2 through the positioning cavity b1. The end of the return spring b2 is fixedly connected to the movable plate b3. The inner side of the movable plate b3 extends to the inner side of the driving shaft 81 and is fixedly connected to the blocking plate b4. The inner side of the driving shaft 81 is movably connected to the blocking plate b4 through a positioning rod. The blocking component b can prevent part of the soil from entering the inner side of the driving shaft 81 when the driving shaft 81 moves downward. When the sampling tube 87 moves downward, the blocking plate b4 will be pushed to open downward, thereby protecting the sampling tube 87 while ensuring the accuracy of soil sampling by the sampling tube 87.

[0066] Reference Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the lower surface of the positioning block a5 is provided with a barb-shaped protrusion, and a damping block is provided on the inner side of the fixing rod a3. The barb-shaped protrusion provided below the positioning block a5 further improves the stability of the positioning block a5 inserted into the soil and prevents the positioning block a5 from slipping.

[0067] Reference Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the sealing sheet 89 is arranged in an I-shape, and the upper side of the sealing sheet 89 is installed inside the exhaust chamber 88, and the lower side of the sealing sheet 89 is arranged on the inner side of the sampling tube 87. The I-shaped sealing sheet 89 forms a negative pressure inside the sampling tube 87 when the sampling tube 87 moves, thereby ensuring that the sampled soil is located inside the sampling tube 87, and preventing the sampled soil from falling off automatically.

[0068] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the bottom end of the sampling tube 87 is provided with a forty-five degree inward chamfer.

[0069] Reference Figure 4As shown, there are two groups of blocking components b, and the two groups of blocking components b are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the driving shaft 81 based on the center line of the driving shaft 81. The two groups of blocking components b are used to further improve the cleanliness of the sampling tube 87 when it is in the driving shaft 81, and prevent soil outside the sampling area from entering the sampling tube 87, which is convenient for use.

[0070] When the directional sampler for soil heavy metal detection is working, firstly, after positioning the sampling area, the positioning motor 91 is started. After the positioning motor 91 rotates, it further drives the rotating rod 93 and the drill bit 94 to rotate. After the upper hard soil is broken by the rotation of the drill bit 94, it further moves downward and drives the positioning leg 92 to move downward and insert it into the soil. Then, the surface soil layer squeezes the driving slider 96, and then the driving slider 96 moves upward and pushes the top rod 97 to move. After that, the right end of the push rod 98 moves upward and rotates along the fixed axis 910 to drive the half gear 99 to rotate. Then, the half gear 99 rotates to drive the driving rod a2 to rotate and push the fixed rod a3 through the driving rod a2. Then, while the sliding rod a4 slides out, the positioning block a5 drops due to gravity, and after the bottom end of the positioning block a5 contacts the soil layer, the drill bit 94 moves further downward and jams the positioning block a5 to complete the positioning, and then the driving motor 4 is started. After the driving motor 4 rotates, it drives the driving shaft 81 to rotate, and then the drilling part 82 and the drilling tool 83 at the bottom of the driving shaft 81 work. When the drilling tool 83 breaks the surface hard soil layer, the hydraulic cylinder 6 starts and pushes the telescopic rod 7 downward, further pushing the driving shaft 81 downward until it moves to the sampling position, and then the electromagnetic guide rail 85 is energized through the controller 84, and then the sampling tube 87 follows the electromagnetic slider 86 to move downward quickly. When the sampling tube 87 contacts the blocking component b, it uses its own gravity and the electromagnetic guide rail 85 to drive the thrust to break the blocking plate b4 and insert the sampled soil. When the sampling tube 87 moves downward, it pushes the sealing plate 89 upward to discharge the internal air. When the sampling is completed, the electromagnetic guide rail 85 is started again to move the sampling tube 87 upward, and the sealing plate 89 moves downward to seal the inside of the sampling tube 87, so that negative pressure is generated inside the sampling tube 87 to prevent the sampled soil from falling off, and the directional sampling can be completed.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A directional sampler for soil heavy metal detection, comprising a base, characterized in that: The upper surface of the base is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod, the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a mounting bracket, the lower surface of the mounting bracket is fixedly connected to a driving motor, the output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, the bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of a telescopic rod, the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a sampling mechanism, and a stabilizing mechanism is provided below the base; The stabilizing mechanism comprises: A positioning motor, wherein the positioning motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base; A positioning leg, the positioning leg being fixedly connected to the lower surface of the base; A rotating rod, wherein the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the positioning motor, and the bottom end of the rotating rod passes through the positioning leg and extends to the bottom end of the positioning leg; A drill bit, the drill bit being fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rotating rod; A mounting hole, wherein the mounting hole is arranged on the outside of the positioning leg, and a plurality of the mounting holes are arranged; A driving slider, the driving slider is slidably connected to the inner side of the mounting hole, and the inner side of the driving slider extends to the inside of the positioning leg; A push rod, the push rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the end of the driving slider away from the positioning leg; A push rod, the push rod is movably connected to the top end of the driving rod through a pin; A half gear, the half gear being fixedly connected to a side of the push rod close to the positioning leg; A fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the inner side of the positioning leg, and the fixed shaft is movably connected to the inner side of the half gear; A fixing assembly, which is arranged on the inner side of the positioning leg and is used to stabilize the positioning leg; The sampling mechanism comprises a driving shaft, the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the driving shaft, the bottom end of the driving shaft is provided with a drilling portion, the outer side of the drilling portion is fixedly connected with a drilling tool, the interior of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with a controller through a cavity, an electromagnetic guide rail is provided below the controller, and the electromagnetic guide rail is electrically connected to the controller, an electromagnetic slider is slidably connected to the outer side of the electromagnetic guide rail, a sampling barrel is fixedly connected to the inner side of the electromagnetic slider, an exhaust chamber is provided on the inner side of the sampling barrel, a sealing sheet is movably connected to the sampling barrel through the exhaust chamber, an air inlet is provided on the inner side of the sampling barrel, and the air inlet is communicated with the exhaust chamber, an exhaust hole is provided on the upper surface of the sampling barrel, and the exhaust hole is communicated with the exhaust chamber, and a blocking component is provided inside the driving shaft; The fixing assembly includes a mounting shaft, a driving rod, a fixing rod, a sliding rod and a positioning block, the positioning leg is fixedly connected to the mounting shaft through a groove, the outer side of the mounting shaft is movably connected to the driving rod, and the driving rod is meshed with the half gear, the outer side of the driving rod is fixedly connected to the fixing rod, the inner side of the fixing rod is movably connected to the sliding rod, and the lower surface of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the positioning block; The blocking assembly includes a positioning cavity, a return spring, a movable plate and a blocking plate. The inner side of the driving shaft is provided with a positioning cavity. The driving shaft is movably connected to the return spring through the positioning cavity. The end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the movable plate. The inner side of the movable plate extends to the inner side of the driving shaft and is fixedly connected to the blocking plate. The inner side of the driving shaft is movably connected to the blocking plate through a positioning rod. The lower surface of the positioning block is provided with a barb-shaped protrusion, and the inner side of the fixing rod is provided with a damping block; The sealing sheet is arranged in an I-shape, and the upper side of the sealing sheet is installed inside the exhaust cavity, and the lower side of the sealing sheet is arranged inside the sampling tube; The bottom end of the sampling tube is provided with a 45-degree inward chamfer; There are two groups of blocking components in total, and the two groups of blocking components are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the inside of the driving shaft based on the midline of the driving shaft.

2. The method for using a directional sampler for soil heavy metal detection according to claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: A. First, after locating the sampling area, start the positioning motor. After the positioning motor rotates, it further drives the rotating rod and the drill bit to rotate. After the upper hard soil is broken by the rotation of the drill bit, it moves further downward and drives the positioning leg to move downward and insert it into the soil. Then, the surface soil layer squeezes the driving slider, and then drives the slider to move upward and push the top rod to move. After that, the right end of the push rod moves upward and rotates along the fixed axis to drive the half gear to rotate; B. Then the half gear rotates to drive the driving rod to rotate and push the fixed rod out through the driving rod. Then, while the sliding rod slides out, the positioning block drops due to gravity and the bottom of the positioning block contacts the soil layer. The drill bit moves further down and the positioning block is stuck to complete the positioning. C. Then start the drive motor, which drives the drive shaft to rotate after the drive motor rotates, and then the drilling part and the drilling tool at the bottom of the drive shaft work. When the drilling tool breaks the surface hard soil layer, the hydraulic cylinder starts and pushes the telescopic rod downward, further pushing the drive shaft downward until it moves to the sampling position. The electromagnetic guide rail is energized through the controller, and then the sampling tube moves down quickly following the electromagnetic slider. When the sampling tube contacts the blocking component, the blocking plate is opened and the sampled soil is inserted by its own gravity and the thrust driven by the electromagnetic guide rail. When the sampling tube moves down, it pushes the sealing plate up to discharge the internal air. When the sampling is completed, the electromagnetic guide rail is started again to move the sampling tube up, the sealing plate moves down and the inside of the sampling tube is sealed, so that negative pressure is generated inside the sampling tube to prevent the sampled soil from falling off, and directional sampling can be completed.

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