An automated concrete forming system

Abstract

This invention relates to an automated concrete forming system, comprising a material storage device, a mixing device, a placing device, a vibratory compaction device, a mold curing device, a demolding device, and an empty mold storage device. In a first direction, the material storage device, mold curing device, demolding device, and empty mold storage device are located on the same side of the placing device. The mold curing device includes a vertical storage silo and a stacking machine. The vibratory compaction device includes a first robot that places the vibrated molds onto the stacking machine's gripping position. The first robot is also used to place empty molds onto the vibrating table of the vibratory compaction device. Each process and the connections between processes are automated, reducing manual intervention and labor intensity. Furthermore, the material storage device, placing device, and demolding device are arranged around the vertical storage silo, facilitating the placement of concrete and the transfer of the demolded test blocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of concrete product manufacturing, and specifically relates to an automated concrete molding system. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete forming refers to the process of creating concrete products. It can be broadly divided into steps such as batching, mixing, placement, forming, curing, and demolding. Specifically, concrete raw materials are batched and added to a mixing hopper in a certain proportion. After mixing in the mixing hopper, the concrete is poured into a placement hopper for placement. The placement hopper then pours the concrete into a mold, followed by forming and curing. After curing, the product is removed from the mold. In traditional processes, the connections between these steps are mainly done manually.

[0003] To improve the automation level of concrete molding, the invention patent application with publication number CN114858555A discloses a fully automatic intelligent curing and strength testing system for concrete test blocks. The system includes a curing unit, which includes a vertical storage unit (i.e., the curing frame in the patent application) and a stacker crane. The stacker crane can place the test molds to be cured into the vertical storage unit for curing.

[0004] Although existing technology can automatically send trial molds into the vertical storage chamber for curing, the connection between processes such as batching, mixing, spreading, and demolding is still done manually, which is labor-intensive and inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an automated concrete forming system to solve the technical problems of low automation and high labor intensity caused by the need for manual completion of inter-process connections in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the automated concrete molding system provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An automated concrete molding system, comprising:

[0007] The material storage equipment includes a material storage frame and multiple material storage units. The multiple material storage units are arranged sequentially on the material storage frame along a first direction, and the material storage units are used to discharge material downwards.

[0008] The mixing equipment includes a receiving track, a mixing device, and a lifting device. The receiving track extends along the first direction and is arranged below each storage unit. The mixing device includes a mixing frame slidably mounted on the receiving track and a mixing chamber rotatably mounted on the mixing frame about an axis extending in the first direction. The mixing chamber is used to receive the material from the storage unit and pour it into the feeding hopper. The lifting device is located at one end of the receiving track and is used to drive the mixing device to lift and lower.

[0009] The concrete placing equipment includes a concrete placing track and a concrete placing hopper. The concrete placing track extends along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. The concrete placing hopper is slidably mounted on the concrete placing track and can be rotated about the axis extending in the first direction to receive the concrete poured from the mixing chamber and place it into the test mold.

[0010] The vibratory tamping equipment includes a vibratory table and a tamping device. The vibratory table is arranged below the concrete placing track and is used to place the test mold. The tamping device is used to tamp the concrete in the test mold.

[0011] The mold curing equipment includes a vertical storage unit and a palletizer. The vertical storage unit extends along a first direction, and the palletizer is used to place the mold into the vertical storage unit. The vibratory compaction equipment also includes a first robot that places the vibrated and compacted mold into the position to be picked up by the palletizer.

[0012] Demolding equipment is used to remove trial molds;

[0013] An empty test mold storage device is used to store empty test molds, and the first robot is also used to place the empty test molds onto a vibration table;

[0014] In the first direction, the material storage device, the mold curing device, the mold removal device, and the empty mold storage device are located on the same side of the fabric distribution device;

[0015] In the second direction, the material storage equipment, mold curing equipment, mold dismantling equipment, and empty mold storage equipment are arranged in sequence.

[0016] The beneficial effects are as follows: The movable mixing device in the mixing equipment is used for receiving and mixing materials. The lifting device places the mixing device at a high position and pours the concrete into the placing hopper. The placing hopper moves and distributes the concrete. The first robot places the vibrated and compacted test molds into a position that the stacking machine can grab. The stacking machine then places the test molds into the vertical storage silo for curing. After curing, the stacking machine places the test molds onto the demolding equipment for demolding. Simultaneously, the first robot places the empty test molds onto the vibrating table. In this invention, each process and the connection between processes are automated, reducing manual intervention and lowering labor intensity. Furthermore, the material storage equipment, placing equipment, and demolding equipment are arranged around the vertical storage silo, facilitating the transfer of materials after placement and demolding.

[0017] Furthermore, the demolding equipment includes a conveyor for conveying test molds along a first direction and a demolding device. The stacker is used to place the test molds in the vertical storage unit onto the conveyor. The automated concrete molding system also includes a second robot, which is used to place the test molds on the conveyor onto the demolding device.

[0018] Furthermore, the demolding equipment also includes a manual demolding platform located on the side of the conveyor, and a trial mold ejection mechanism for pushing the trial mold on the conveyor onto the manual demolding platform.

[0019] Furthermore, in the first direction, both the demolding device and the manual demolding table are located on one side of the empty trial mold storage device.

[0020] Furthermore, the tamping device is fixed to the first robot.

[0021] Furthermore, the tamping device includes a base fixed on the first robot, on which four tamping units are installed. Each tamping unit includes an elastic tamping plate. The elastic tamping plates of each tamping unit are arranged in a circumferential array around a central axis extending vertically. The tamping unit also includes a telescopic component, which is used to drive the corresponding elastic tamping plate to move up and down reciprocally within the plane where the elastic tamping plate is located.

[0022] The lower end of the elastic tamping disc is the insertion end that is inserted into the concrete. The plane on which each elastic tamping disc is located is distributed at a set angle with the central axis. Each elastic tamping disc is arranged from top to bottom and in a direction away from each other. The insertion end of the elastic tamping disc is used to tilt against the inner wall of the test mold and bend downward.

[0023] Furthermore, the base includes a fixed base body and a sliding base body that is slidably mounted on the fixed base body along the extension direction of the central axis, and each tamping unit is fixed on the sliding base body.

[0024] An elastic element is provided between the sliding seat and the fixed seat, and the elastic element is used to apply a downward elastic force to the sliding seat.

[0025] Furthermore, the empty test mold storage device includes a support frame and a test mold bracket disposed on the support frame. The test mold bracket is used to store the test mold. The test mold bracket extends along a first direction and one end facing the fabric distribution device is lower than the other end, so that the test mold can slide under its own weight. The lower end of the test mold bracket has a gripping position, a first preparatory position, and a second preparatory position in sequence from low to high. There is a gripping interval between the gripping position and the first preparatory position for the first robot to grip the test mold. The lower end of the test mold bracket is provided with a baffle for cooperating with the test mold.

[0026] The empty test mold storage device also includes a stop module located above the test mold support. The stop module includes a first stop and a second stop that can extend and retract vertically. The first stop is used to stop and engage with the upper outer wall of the test mold in the first preparation position to prevent the test mold in the first preparation position from sliding downward. The second stop is used to stop and engage with the upper inner wall of the test mold in the second preparation position to prevent the test mold in the second preparation position from sliding downward.

[0027] When the second stop extends downward and engages with the test mold in the second preparatory position, the first stop retracts upward to allow the test mold in the first preparatory position to slide downward to the gripping position. After the first stop extends downward, the second stop retracts upward to allow the test mold in the second preparatory position to slide downward to the first preparatory position and engage with the first stop.

[0028] Furthermore, the stop module also includes a mounting frame fixed on the mold support. The mounting frame is movably equipped with a slide that can move back and forth in a first direction and a drive cylinder that is connected to the slide. The slide is provided with guide rails spaced apart along a second direction and arranged in opposite directions. The mounting frame is provided with a guide rod that can move up and down at the position corresponding to each guide rail. The guide rod and the guide rail are guided and slidably engaged in the first direction. The first stop and the second stop are respectively fixed to the bottom end of the corresponding guide rod. Each guide rod is fitted with a compression spring, which is fixedly connected to the mounting frame. The guide rail is provided with a first horizontal guide part and a second horizontal guide part of different heights, and also with an inclined guide part connecting the first horizontal guide part and the second horizontal guide part, so that the first stop and the second stop can alternately extend and retract when the slide moves back and forth.

[0029] Furthermore, both the first stop and the second stop are stop cylinders. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a 3D view of an automated concrete forming system (the first and second transfer stations are not shown in the figure).

[0032] Figure 2 A top view of an automated concrete forming system;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the material storage equipment and the mixing equipment;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the stirring device;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a side view of the stirring device;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting device.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the lifting seat;

[0038] Figure 8 A structural diagram of the fabric feeding equipment, mixing device, and lifting device;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the fabric-laying equipment and the trial mold;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a partial structural diagram of the fabric-laying equipment;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a partial schematic diagram of the weighing sensor in the fabric feeding equipment.

[0042] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first robot, the tamping device, and the mold clamping claw;

[0043] Figure 13 A structural schematic diagram of the tamping device from a first-view perspective;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tamping device from a second perspective;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a structural diagram of the fixed base, slide table, and slide table stop block in the tamping device;

[0046] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the slide table stop block.

[0047] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the slide table structure;

[0048] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding seat in the tamping device;

[0049] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth cylinder mounting block;

[0050] Figure 20 This is a structural diagram of the demolding equipment (the demolding device is not shown).

[0051] Figure 21 A three-dimensional view of the empty test mold storage device;

[0052] Figure 22 This is the front view of the empty test mold storage device;

[0053] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mold test support;

[0054] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the empty test mold storage device in use;

[0055] Figure 25A schematic diagram of a third stop cylinder is shown in another embodiment of the empty test mold storage device;

[0056] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the stop module in another embodiment of the empty test mold storage device.

[0057] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0058] 100. Storage equipment; 101. Storage frame; 102. Storage silo; 103. Weighing hopper; 104. Storage hopper;

[0059] 200. Mixing equipment; 201. Receiving track; 202. Mixing device; 203. Lifting device; 204. Mixing frame; 205. Mixing bin; 206. Mixing bin tilting sprocket; 207. Mixing bin tilting motor; 208. First reducer; 209. Mixing bin tilting chain; 210. Mixing motor; 211. Second reducer; 212. Mixing shaft; 213. First track wheel; 214. Lifting frame; 215. Lifting seat; 216. Vertical frame; 217. Horizontal brace; 218. Lifting cylinder; 219. Sprocket mounting frame; 220. Lifting sprocket; 221. Lifting chain;

[0060] 300. Fabric placing equipment; 301. Fabric placing frame; 302. Fabric placing guide rail; 303. Support base; 304. Track wheel mounting shaft; 305. Second track wheel; 306. Sensor mounting plate; 307. Weighing sensor; 308. Bearing seat mounting plate; 309. Fabric hopper bearing seat; 310. Fabric hopper; 311. Side discharge port; 312. Fabric hopper tilting motor; 313. Third reducer; 314. First gear; 315. Second gear; 316. Scraping structure;

[0061] 400. Vibratory tamping equipment; 401. Vibrating table; 402. First robot; 403. Limiting stop; 404. Tamping device; 405. Test mold gripper; 406. Base; 407. Tamping unit; 408. Tamping cylinder; 409. Connecting plate; 410. Elastic tamping plate; 411. Fixed seat; 412. Sliding seat; 413. Tamping guide rail; 414. Slider; 415. Slide table stop block; 416. First perforation; 417. 418. Bolt; 419. Nut; 420. Slide; 421. Second through hole; 422. First cylinder mounting block; 423. Second cylinder mounting block; 424. Third cylinder mounting block; 425. First cylinder tamping; 426. Second cylinder tamping; 427. Third cylinder tamping; 428. Fourth cylinder tamping; 429. First inclined plane; 430. Second inclined plane; 431. Third inclined plane; 432. Fourth inclined plane;

[0062] 500. Trial mold curing equipment; 501. Vertical warehouse; 502. Palletizer;

[0063] 600. Demolding equipment; 601. Roller conveyor; 602. Manual demolding table; 603. Trial mold ejection mechanism; 604. Ejection cylinder; 605. Push plate; 606. Trial mold lifting mechanism; 607. Support plate; 608. Lifting cylinder; 609. Demolding device;

[0064] 700. Empty mold storage equipment; 701. Support frame; 702. Mold holder; 703. Mounting beam; 704. Mold support beam; 705. Non-powered flow strip; 706. L-shaped limiting plate; 707. Baffle; 708. Cylinder bracket; 709. First stop cylinder; 710. Second stop cylinder; 711. Third stop cylinder; 712. Mounting frame; 713. Top seat; 714. Base; 715. Connecting vertical rod; 716. Drive cylinder; 717. Slide seat; 718. Guide rail; 719. First horizontal guide section; 720. Second horizontal guide section; 721. Inclined guide section; 722. Compression spring; 723. First guide rod; 724. Second guide rod; 725. Guide wheel;

[0065] 800. The Second Robot;

[0066] 901, First transfer station; 902, Second transfer station; 903, Trial mold; 904, First trial mold; 905, Second trial mold; 906, Third trial mold. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only some, not all, of the embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments.

[0069] Embodiments of the automated concrete forming system provided by this invention:

[0070] like Figures 1 to 24As shown, the automated concrete forming system includes a storage device 100, a mixing device 200, a placing device 300, a vibratory compactor 400, a mold curing device 500, a demolding device 600, and an empty mold storage device 700. The storage device 100 stores raw materials; the mixing device 200 receives the materials and mixes them into concrete; the placing device 300 pours the concrete into the mold 903; the vibratory compactor 400 vibrates and compacts the concrete-filled mold 903; the mold curing device 500 cures the concrete-filled mold 903 to form concrete test blocks; the demolding device 600 removes the concrete test blocks from the mold 903; and the empty mold storage device 700 stores empty molds 903.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the storage equipment 100 includes a storage frame 101, on which multiple storage bins 102 are arranged. The storage bins 102 are used to store solid raw materials. The multiple storage bins 102 are arranged sequentially in a straight line; for ease of description, they are defined as arranged sequentially in a left-right direction. The left-right direction is the first direction, and the front-back direction is the second direction. Each storage bin 102 stores a different type of solid raw material; for example, one storage bin 102 may store aggregate, and another may store cement. A weighing hopper 103 is arranged below each storage bin 102. The weighing hopper 103 is used to weigh the falling concrete raw materials and temporarily store the weighed concrete raw materials after a set weight has been determined. The storage bins 102 and the weighing hopper 103 can adopt existing technologies, such as the automatic quantitative feeding device for granular raw materials as described in the utility model patent with authorization number CN210988165U. A storage hopper 104 is also installed on the left side of the storage frame 101. The storage hopper 104 is used to store liquid raw materials. Each storage bin 102 and the weighing hopper 103 below each constitute a storage unit, and the storage hopper 104 also constitutes a storage unit.

[0072] Both the storage bin 102 and the storage hopper 104 are suspended in the air, at a certain distance from the ground.

[0073] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the mixing equipment 200 includes a receiving track 201, a mixing device 202, and a lifting device 203. The receiving track 201 extends in the left-right direction. The mixing device 202 is slidably mounted on the receiving track 201. The lifting device 203 and the storage device 100 are arranged sequentially from left to right along the receiving track 201. The receiving track 201 is located below each storage bin 102 and storage hopper 104.

[0074] The mixing device 202 includes a mixing frame 204 and a mixing chamber 205 rotatably mounted on the mixing frame 204. The mixing chamber 205 has a feeding port at the top and is closed on all sides.

[0075] A mixing chamber tilting sprocket 206 is fixed to the outside of one side of the mixing chamber 205 in the left-right direction; a mixing chamber tilting motor 207 is fixedly installed on the mixer frame 204, a first reducer 208 is connected to the output shaft of the mixing chamber tilting motor 207, a sprocket is fixed to the output shaft of the first reducer 208, and a mixing chamber tilting chain 209 is wound between the mixing chamber tilting sprocket 206 and the sprocket on the first reducer 208. The mixing chamber tilting motor 207 drives the mixing chamber 205 to tilt, thereby discharging the material.

[0076] A mixing motor 210 is also fixedly installed on the mixer frame 204. A second reducer 211 is connected to the output shaft of the mixing motor 210. A mixing shaft 212 is installed on the output shaft of the second reducer 211. The mixing shaft 212 extends into the mixing chamber 205. The mixing motor 210 drives the mixing shaft 212 to rotate, thereby mixing the concrete raw materials in the mixing chamber 205.

[0077] Two rows of first track wheels 213 are installed at the bottom of the mixer frame 204, which can travel on the receiving track 201.

[0078] The lifting device 203 includes a fixed lifting frame 214, on which a lifting seat 215 is slidably mounted vertically. The lifting seat 215 is generally L-shaped and includes a vertical frame 216 and two horizontal supports 217 mounted on the vertical frame. The two horizontal supports 217 are connected to the lower end of the vertical frame 216. The horizontal supports 217 extend in the front-to-back direction and are spaced apart in the left-to-right direction. During use, the horizontal supports 217 support the stirring device 202.

[0079] A lifting mechanism is installed on the lifting frame 214. Specifically, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder 218 mounted on the lifting frame 214. The cylinder body of the lifting cylinder 218 is fixed to the lifting frame 214. A sprocket mounting bracket 219 is fixedly mounted on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 218. The sprocket mounting bracket 219 includes a vertical shaft and a horizontal shaft fixed on the vertical shaft, which extends to the left and right. Lifting sprockets 220 are rotatably mounted on both ends of the horizontal shaft. A lifting chain 221 is wound around the lifting sprockets 220. One end of the lifting chain 221 is fixed to the vertical frame 216, and the other end is fixed to the lifting frame 214. When the lifting cylinder 218 extends or retracts, it can drive the lifting seat 215 to rise or fall via the lifting chain 221.

[0080] The receiving track 201 includes a fixed section and a movable section. The fixed section is fixedly installed on the ground, and the movable section is fixedly installed on the lifting seat 215. The movable section can rise and fall together with the lifting seat 215.

[0081] like Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the fabric laying equipment 300 includes a fabric laying frame 301, on which a fabric laying track extending in the front-to-back direction is mounted. The lifting device 203 is located at the front of the fabric laying equipment 300. The fabric laying track includes two parallel fabric laying guide rails 302, which are arranged at intervals in the left-to-right direction.

[0082] The fabric guide rail 302 is slidably supported by a support base 303. The fabric feeding device 300 also includes two track wheel mounting shafts 304 arranged at intervals along the front-to-back direction, and the track wheel mounting shafts 304 extend in the left-to-right direction. The track wheel mounting shafts 304 pass through the two support bases 303 in the left-to-right direction, and a second track wheel 305 is rotatably mounted at both ends of the track wheel mounting shafts 304. The second track wheels 305 at both ends are respectively supported on the fabric guide rail 302 on the corresponding side. A sensor mounting plate 306 is fixedly mounted on the support base 303, and a weighing sensor 307 is fixedly mounted on the sensor mounting plate 306.

[0083] Each weighing sensor 307 is fixedly mounted with a bearing seat mounting plate 308, and a placing hopper bearing seat 309 is fixedly mounted on the bearing seat mounting plate 308. The placing equipment 300 also includes a placing hopper 310, with both ends of the placing hopper 310 supported and rotatably mounted on the placing hopper bearing seat 309. The weighing sensors 307 can weigh the placing hopper 310 and the concrete inside the placing hopper 310. The placing frame 301 is also equipped with a traveling drive mechanism that can drive the placing hopper 310 to move back and forth. The traveling drive mechanism is existing technology, such as a sprocket and chain mechanism, which will not be described in detail here.

[0084] The placing hopper 310 is a cylindrical structure closed at both ends and open at the top. The top opening serves as the inlet for receiving the uniformly mixed concrete. Three side outlets 311 are evenly distributed along the left-right direction on the side of the placing hopper 310. When the placing hopper 310 rotates downwards towards the side outlets 311, the concrete inside can be discharged through the side outlets 311 and fall into the test mold 903 below.

[0085] To drive the fabric hopper 310 to rotate, a fabric hopper drive mechanism is fixedly installed on one of the support bases 303. The fabric hopper drive mechanism includes a fabric hopper tilting motor 312 mounted on the support base 303. A third reducer 313 is mounted on the output end of the fabric hopper tilting motor 312, and a first gear 314 is mounted on the output end of the third reducer 313. A second gear 315 is fixed to the outside of one end of the fabric hopper 310. The diameter of the second gear 315 is larger than the diameter of the first gear 314, and the first gear 314 and the second gear 315 mesh.

[0086] Inside the concrete hopper 310, a scraper structure 316 is also rotatably installed. The function of the scraper structure 316 is to scrape out the remaining concrete.

[0087] The concrete placing device 300 also includes a controller connected to the hopper tilting motor 312. The controller can collect the values ​​from the weighing sensor 307. As concrete continuously flows out of the side discharge port 311, the weight of the placing hopper 310 and the concrete inside it gradually decreases. To ensure that the concrete flowing out of the side discharge port 311 lands at a consistent point and that the discharge rate per unit time is the set amount, the placing hopper 310 needs to be driven to rotate downwards towards the side of the side discharge port 311, placing the side discharge port 311 at a lower position. The controller uses the values ​​from the weighing sensor 307 to determine the required rotation angle of the placing hopper 310 and drives the placing hopper 310 to rotate via the hopper tilting motor 312.

[0088] like Figure 2 as well as Figures 12 to 19 As shown, the vibratory compaction equipment 400 includes a vibrating table 401 and a first robot 402. The vibrating table 401 is located below the material placement track and is a standard vibrating table. There are two vibrating tables 401 arranged sequentially in the front-to-back direction. Six limiting bars 403 are set at a certain distance above the vibrating table surface. Each vibrating table 401 has three limiting bars 403. The gaps formed between adjacent limiting bars 403 are used to place the test mold 903. The function of the limiting bars 403 is to restrict the position of the test mold 903 during vibration.

[0089] The first robot 402 is located on the right side of the concrete placement track. The arm of the first robot 402 is equipped with a tamping device 404 and a mold clamping claw 405. The tamping device 404 is used to tamp the concrete in the mold 903 to expel the air in the concrete. The mold clamping claw 405 is used to hold the mold 903.

[0090] The tamping device 404 includes a base 406 and four tamping units 407 mounted on the base 406. The four tamping units 407 can work independently. When in use, at least one tamping unit 407 is selected to work according to the size and shape of the test mold 903.

[0091] The tamping unit 407 includes a tamping cylinder 408, a connecting piece 409, and an elastic tamping plate 410. The tamping cylinder 408 includes a cylinder body mounted on a base 406 and a piston rod slidably mounted on the cylinder body. The connecting piece 409 is fixed to the piston rod, and the elastic tamping plate 410 is mounted on the connecting piece 409.

[0092] Four elastic tamping discs 410 are arranged in a circular array around a central axis. For ease of description, the central axis is defined as extending in the vertical direction, which is also the actual direction of extension of the central axis when the tamping device 404 is in use. During use, the tamping cylinder 408 is positioned above the elastic tamping discs 410. After the elastic tamping discs 410 press against the inner wall of the mold 903, they can elastically deform towards the bottom of the mold 903, thereby tamping the concrete against the inner wall of the mold 903.

[0093] The elastic tamping blades 410 are arranged at an angle relative to the central axis. The plane containing the elastic tamping blades 410 has a predetermined angle with the central axis. Preferably, this angle is 5°. Of course, in other embodiments, the size of the angle can be changed as needed. The four elastic tamping blades 410 are all tilted from top to bottom and towards mutual separation, so that the distance between two opposite elastic tamping blades 410 gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0094] Correspondingly, the tamping cylinder 408 is also arranged at an angle, and its angle is consistent with the angle of the connected elastic tamping plate 410. The tamping cylinder 408 can drive the elastic tamping plate 410 to move along the angle of the elastic tamping plate 410, so as to ensure that the elastic tamping plate 410 can press against the inner wall of the test mold 903.

[0095] Specifically, the base 406 includes a fixed base 411 and a sliding base 412. The fixed base 411 is fixedly mounted on the first robot 402. The sliding base 412 slides vertically, and all four tamping units 407 are mounted on the sliding base 412. The fixed base 411 is a fixed plate with two vertically extending grooves. Tamping guide rails 413 are fixedly mounted in the grooves by bolts. Two sliders 414 are slidably mounted on each tamping guide rail 413, and the sliding base 412 is fixedly mounted on the sliders 414.

[0096] A slide stop block 415 is fixedly installed on the fixed base 411 between the two tamping guide rails 413. The slide stop block 415 has two first through holes 416, which are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. A bolt 417 passes through each first through hole 416, with the shank of the bolt 417 passing downward through the first through hole 416. A nut 418 is screwed onto the shank of the bolt 417. The outer diameter of the nut 418 is larger than the inner diameter of the first through hole 416, thereby preventing the bolt 417 from coming out of the slide stop block 415.

[0097] A slide 419 is fitted over the two bolts 417. Specifically, a second through hole 420 is formed in the slide 419, through which the bolts 417 pass. The sliding seat 412 is fixedly mounted on both the slider 414 and the slide 419. The slide 419 is located above the slide stop block 415, and the second through hole 420 here is a stepped hole that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. A spring (not shown in the figure) is press-fitted between the step of the stepped hole and the head of the bolt 417, and the spring is sleeved on the outside of the bolt 417. When the slide 419 is subjected to an upward force, it can compress the spring; conversely, the spring can apply a downward elastic force to the slide 419. The purpose of this design is that during the tamping process, the elastic tamping disc 410 will hit the aggregate in the concrete, and the tamping unit 407 will be subjected to the upward force of the aggregate. The tamping unit 407 will push the sliding seat 412 to move upward, and the sliding seat 412 will drive the slide table 419 to move upward. The slide table 419 will press the spring upward, and the spring will be compressed. During the compression process, the impact force will be absorbed and buffered to protect the fixed seat 411 and the first robot 402.

[0098] A first cylinder mounting block 421, a second cylinder mounting block 422, a third cylinder mounting block 423, and a fourth cylinder mounting block 424 are fixedly installed on the sliding seat 412. The first cylinder mounting block 421, the second cylinder mounting block 422, and the third cylinder mounting block 423 are directly installed on the sliding seat 412, while the fourth cylinder mounting block 424 is indirectly installed on the sliding seat 412.

[0099] Here, the tamping cylinder 408 installed on the first cylinder mounting block 421 is defined as the tamping first cylinder 425, the tamping cylinder 408 installed on the second cylinder mounting block 422 is defined as the tamping second cylinder 426, the tamping cylinder 408 installed on the third cylinder mounting block 423 is defined as the tamping third cylinder 427, and the tamping cylinder 408 installed on the fourth cylinder mounting block 424 is defined as the tamping fourth cylinder 428.

[0100] The first cylinder mounting block 421 has a first inclined surface 429 on the side opposite to the second cylinder mounting block 422, and the second cylinder mounting block 422 has a second inclined surface 430 on the side opposite to the first cylinder mounting block 421. The first tamping cylinder 425 is installed against the first inclined surface 429, and the second tamping cylinder 426 is installed against the second inclined surface 430, thus achieving the inclined arrangement of the first tamping cylinder 425 and the second tamping cylinder 426.

[0101] The third cylinder mounting block 423 has a third inclined surface 431 on the side away from the sliding seat 412. The third cylinder 427 is installed against the third inclined surface 431, thus realizing the inclined arrangement of the third cylinder 427.

[0102] The fourth cylinder mounting block 424 is fixedly installed on the side of the third tamping cylinder 427 opposite to the third cylinder mounting block 423. The side of the fourth cylinder mounting block 424 opposite to the third tamping cylinder 427 has a fourth inclined surface 432. The fourth tamping cylinder 428 is fixedly installed on the fourth inclined surface 432 of the fourth cylinder mounting block 424, ensuring that the fourth tamping cylinder 428 is in close contact with the fourth inclined surface 432, thus achieving the inclined arrangement of the fourth tamping cylinder 428. The fourth tamping cylinder 428 is indirectly installed on the third tamping cylinder 427 through the fourth cylinder mounting block 424.

[0103] The tamping cylinder 408 is a telescopic component that drives the elastic tamping disc 410 to reciprocate. The spring, which is elastically pressed between the slide table 419 and the head of the bolt 417, constitutes the elastic component. The lower end of the elastic tamping disc 410 is the insertion end that is inserted into the concrete.

[0104] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the mold curing equipment 500 is located behind the storage equipment 100 and to the right of the fabric distribution equipment 300. The mold curing equipment 500 includes a vertical storage unit 501 and a palletizer 502. Multiple vertical storage units 501 are arranged extending in the left-right direction. The structures of the palletizer 502 and the vertical storage unit 501 can be implemented as described in the document referenced in the background, and will not be repeated here. The palletizer 502 can pick up the mold 903 and place it into the vertical storage unit 501. It can also remove the mold 903 from the vertical storage unit 501 and place it into the demolding equipment 600 to await demolding. The vertical storage unit 501 can automatically record information for each mold 903, including the entry time, curing time, storage location, and corresponding task order.

[0105] The automated concrete molding system also includes a first transfer platform 901 located to the left of the palletizer 502. The first transfer platform 901 can hold the test mold 903, and the first robot 402 can place the vibrated and compacted test mold 903 onto the first transfer platform 901. The palletizer 502 can pick up the test mold 903 from the first transfer platform 901 and place the test mold 903 into the vertical storage unit 501.

[0106] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 20 As shown, the demolding device 600 is located behind the mold curing device 500 and to the right of the fabric placement device 300. It is also located below the palletizer 502. The demolding device 600 includes a roller conveyor 601, a manual demolding table 602, a mold ejection mechanism 603, a mold lifting mechanism 606, and a demolding device 609. The roller conveyor 601 transports the molds 903 in a left-right direction and includes multiple idlers arranged sequentially in the left-right direction. The manual demolding table 602 is located behind the roller conveyor 601 and its function is to manually demold the molds when the demolding device 609 malfunctions. The mold ejection mechanism 603 is directly opposite the manual demolding table 602, and its function is to push the molds 903 on the roller conveyor 601 onto the manual demolding table 602. The trial mold ejection mechanism 603 includes an ejection cylinder 604 fixedly installed on the roller conveyor 601. A push plate 605 is installed on the ejection cylinder 604. The ejection cylinder 604 pushes the trial mold onto the manual mold removal table 602 through the push plate 605.

[0107] The function of the mold lifting mechanism 606 is to lift the mold 903 from the roller conveyor 601. The mold lifting mechanism 606 includes a lifting cylinder 608 and two support plates 607. There are two support plates 607 arranged horizontally, and the intervals between the support plates 607 and the two adjacent support rollers are vertically aligned. The two support plates 607 are fixedly mounted on the lifting cylinder 608. The lifting cylinder 608 lifts the two support plates 607 upward, and the two support plates 607 lift the mold 903 upward.

[0108] The demolding device 609 can achieve automated demolding and reduce manual intervention. The demolding device 609 can adopt existing technology, such as the method in the invention patent application with publication number CN110696174A.

[0109] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the automated concrete molding system also includes a second robot 800 and a second transfer station 902. The function of the second robot 800 is to grab the test mold 903 on the roller conveyor 601 and transfer it to the demolding device 609. The second robot 800 can also send the demolded test blocks for inspection and place the unqualified products on the second transfer station 902 for further inspection.

[0110] like Figure 2As shown, the empty test mold storage device 700 is located behind the mold removal device 600 and to the right of the fabric placement device 300. The first robot 402 can clamp the empty test molds on the empty test mold storage device 700 and place them on the vibration table 401. In the left-right direction, the manual mold removal table 602 and the mold removal device 609 are located to the right of the empty test mold storage device 700, so on-site personnel can reach the manual mold removal table 602 and the mold removal device 609 without having to go around the empty test mold storage device 700.

[0111] The structure of the empty test mold storage device 700 is as follows: Figures 21 to 24 As shown, the empty test mold storage device 700 includes a support frame 701 and a five-layer test mold support 702 fixed on the support frame 701. The five-layer test mold support 702 are spaced apart vertically and parallel to each other. The test mold support 702 extends horizontally, and the length of the five-layer test mold support 702 gradually increases from top to bottom. The right end of the five-layer test mold support 702 is flush with each other, and the left end gradually protrudes to the left from top to bottom. The test mold support 702 is tilted downwards at a certain angle from right to left. The right end of the test mold support 702 is used to insert the test mold 903, and the left end is used for the test mold 903 to slide out.

[0112] The mold support 702 is a rectangular frame, within which are welded mounting beams 703 and multiple parallel, spaced mold support beams 704. Pairs of unpowered flow strips 705 are fixed to the mold support 702. These unpowered flow strips 705 are existing technology, featuring multiple parallel, rotatable conveyor rollers with their axes parallel to each other. When the mold 903 is placed on the unpowered flow strip 705, it slides to the left on the mold support 702 under its own weight. The right end of the unpowered flow strip 705 extends beyond the right end of the mold support 702.

[0113] To prevent the trial mold 903 from shifting position during the sliding process, L-shaped limiting plates 706 are respectively set on the outer side of the two sets of non-powered flow strips 705. The L-shaped limiting plates 706 are fixedly connected to each trial mold support beam 704 by bolts, and a channel for the trial mold 903 to slide is formed between the two L-shaped limiting plates 706.

[0114] Each layer of the mold-making support 702 is provided with a gripping position, a first preparatory position, and a second preparatory position arranged from left to right. The mold 903 in the first preparatory position is defined as the first mold 904, the mold 903 in the second preparatory position is defined as the second mold 905, and the mold 903 in the gripping position is defined as the third mold 906. There is a gripping interval between the gripping position and the first preparatory position to allow the mold-making gripper 405 on the first robot 402 to grip the third mold 906. A baffle 707 is welded to the left end of the mold-making support 702 to prevent the third mold 906 from sliding out of the mold-making support 702.

[0115] The empty mold storage device 700 also includes stop modules corresponding to each layer of mold support 702. These stop modules are positioned above the corresponding layer of mold support 702. Each stop module includes a cylinder support 708 and a first stop cylinder 709 and a second stop cylinder 710 fixed to the cylinder support 708. The first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710 are arranged sequentially from left to right. The cylinder support 708 is arranged parallel to the mold support 702. The cylinder supports 708 in the stop modules corresponding to the second, third, fourth, and fifth layers of mold support 702 are directly fixed to the mold support 702 of the layer above.

[0116] The first stop cylinder 709 is located above the first preparatory position, and the second stop cylinder 710 is located above the second preparatory position. Figure 24 As shown, the first stop cylinder 709 is used to stop and cooperate with the upper left outer wall of the first test mold 904, and the second stop cylinder 710 is used to stop and cooperate with the right inner wall of the second test mold 905.

[0117] In the initial state, the first stop cylinder 709 extends downward, and the test mold 903 slides to the left on the test mold support 702 by its own gravity. When it slides to the first preparatory position, it stops and cooperates with the first stop cylinder 709. After that, each test mold 903 is pressed tightly against each other under its own gravity, thereby realizing the continuous storage of the test mold 903 on the test mold support 702.

[0118] Before gripping the test mold 903, the second stop cylinder 710 extends downwards and stops against the inner right side wall of the second test mold 905. Then, the first stop cylinder 709 retracts upwards, causing the first test mold 904 to slide to the gripping position for the test mold clamp 405 to grasp. After the first stop cylinder 709 extends downwards, the second stop cylinder 710 retracts, causing the second test mold 905 and the test molds 903 behind it to slide to the left and engage with the first stop cylinder 709. The second stop cylinder 710 then extends downwards and engages against the inner right side wall of the second test mold 905, thus completing one operation. By alternately retracting and extending the first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710, the test molds can be gripped one by one.

[0119] During the storage and handling of the trial mold 903, the first stop cylinder 709 bears the dynamic impact of the first trial mold 904 and the subsequent trial molds, while the second stop cylinder 710 bears the static pressure of the second trial mold 905 and the subsequent trial molds. Since the stop position of the first stop cylinder 709 is located on the upper left outer wall of the first trial mold 904, although the subsequent second trial mold 905 and the trial mold 903 to its right will impact the first stop cylinder 709, causing the first trial mold 904 to tend to flip backward around the stop contact point on the upper left outer wall, it will be limited by the second trial mold 905 and the subsequent trial molds 903 to prevent the first trial mold 904 from flipping over and avoid the first trial mold 904 and the subsequent trial molds 903 from flipping off the trial mold support 702, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the storage and handling work.

[0120] In other embodiments, such as Figure 25 As shown, a third stop cylinder 711 is installed on the mold support 702. The third stop cylinder 711 is in the first preparatory position. The function of the third stop cylinder 711 is to stop the lower left outer wall of the first mold 904. The first stop cylinder 709 and the third stop cylinder 711 extend and retract synchronously to stop the first mold 904 together.

[0121] In other embodiments, such as Figure 26As shown, the stop module includes a mounting frame 712 fixed on a mold-testing bracket 702. The mounting frame 712 includes a top seat 713 and a base 714 arranged parallel to each other vertically, and multiple connecting vertical rods 715 connecting the top seat 713 and the base 714. A drive cylinder 716 is provided on the top seat 713, and the drive end of the drive cylinder 716 is connected to a slide 717. The drive cylinder 716 can drive the slide 717 to move back and forth. The bottom of the slide 717 is provided with two guide rails 718 arranged at intervals. The two guide rails 718 are arranged in opposite directions. Each guide rail 718 includes a first horizontal guide portion 719 and a second horizontal guide portion 720 of different heights, and also includes an inclined guide portion 721 connecting the first horizontal guide portion 719 and the second horizontal guide portion 720. The installation height of the first horizontal guide portion 719 is lower than the installation height of the second horizontal guide portion 720. A first guide rod 723 and a second guide rod 724, which can move up and down, are mounted on the base 714. The first guide rod 723 and the second guide rod 724 are respectively guided and engaged with two guide rails 718. The first guide rod 723 and the second guide rod 724 are of the same length, and both are connected to the top of a guide wheel 725. The guide wheel 725 is provided with a guide groove that slides and engages with the guide parts of the corresponding guide rails 718. A compression spring 722 is sleeved on the outside of each guide rod, and the bottom end of the compression spring 722 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base 714. A first stop cylinder 709 is connected to the bottom end of the first guide rod 723, and a second stop cylinder 710 is connected to the bottom end of the second guide rod 724.

[0122] When the piston rod of the drive cylinder 716 is fully extended, the guide wheel 725 on the first guide rod 723 is located at the second horizontal guide portion 720 of one of the guide rails, and the guide wheel 725 on the second guide rod 724 is located at the first horizontal guide portion 719 of the other guide rail. At this time, the first stop cylinder 709 is in an upper position, and it cannot block the test mold 903 regardless of whether the piston rod of the first stop cylinder 709 is extended or retracted; the second stop cylinder 710 is in a lower position, and it can block the test mold 903 regardless of whether the piston rod of the second stop cylinder 710 is extended or retracted.

[0123] When the piston rod of the drive cylinder 716 is fully retracted, the guide wheel on the first guide rod 723 is located at the first horizontal guide portion 719 of one of the guide rails, and the guide wheel on the second guide rod 724 is located at the second horizontal guide portion 720 of the other guide rail. At this time, the first stop cylinder 709 is in a lower position, and can block the mold trial regardless of whether its piston rod is extended or retracted; the second stop cylinder 710 is in a higher position, and cannot block the mold trial regardless of whether its piston rod is extended or retracted.

[0124] When the piston rod of the drive cylinder 716 is not fully extended, the guide wheels 725 on the first guide rod 723 and the second guide rod 724 are both on the inclined guide portion 721, and the compression amount of the compression spring 722 is the same. At this time, when the piston rods of the first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710 extend, they can block the test mold 903. When the piston rods of the first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710 retract, they can allow the test mold 903 to pass.

[0125] During normal use, the blocking and avoidance of the test mold 903 is achieved solely through the alternating extension and retraction of the piston rods of the first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710. When either the first stop cylinder 709 or the second stop cylinder 710 malfunctions, the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the drive cylinder 716 enables the overall alternating up-and-down movement of the first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710, thereby blocking and avoiding the test mold. During the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the drive cylinder 716, the first stop cylinder 709 and the second stop cylinder 710 exhibit an alternating extension and retraction motion, achieving a mechanical interlocking effect.

[0126] In this embodiment, the first stop cylinder 709 is the first stop component, and the second stop cylinder 710 is the second stop component. In other embodiments, the stop component can be an electric push rod.

Claims

1. An automated concrete forming system, comprising: include: The storage equipment (100) includes a storage frame (101) and multiple storage units. The multiple storage units are arranged on the storage frame (101) and arranged sequentially along a first direction. The storage units are used to discharge materials downward. The mixing equipment (200) includes a receiving track (201), a mixing device (202), and a lifting device (203). The receiving track (201) extends along the first direction and is arranged below each storage unit. The mixing device (202) includes a mixing frame (204) slidably mounted on the receiving track (201) and a mixing chamber (205) rotatably mounted on the mixing frame (204) about an axis extending in the first direction. The mixing chamber (205) is used to receive the material from the storage unit and pour it into the feeding hopper (310). The lifting device (203) is located at one end of the receiving track (201) and is used to drive the mixing device (202) to rise and fall. The concrete placing device (300) includes a concrete placing track and a concrete placing hopper (310). The concrete placing track extends along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. The concrete placing hopper (310) is slidably mounted on the concrete placing track and can be rotatably arranged around the axis extending in the first direction to receive the concrete poured from the mixing chamber (205) and place it into the test mold (903). The vibratory tamping equipment (400) includes a vibratory table (401) and a tamping device (404). The vibratory table (401) is arranged below the concrete placing track and is used to place the test mold (903). The tamping device (404) is used to tamp the concrete in the test mold (903). The mold curing equipment (500) includes a vertical storage unit (501) and a palletizer (502). The vertical storage unit (501) extends along a first direction, and the palletizer (502) is used to place the mold (903) into the vertical storage unit (501). The vibratory compaction equipment (400) also includes a first robot (402) that places the vibrated and compacted mold (903) into the position to be grasped by the palletizer (502). Demolding equipment (600) is used to remove the trial mold (903); An empty test mold storage device (700) is used to store empty test molds (903), and the first robot (402) is also used to place the empty test molds (903) onto the vibration table (401); In the first direction, the material storage device (100), the mold curing device (500), the mold removal device (600), and the empty mold storage device (700) are located on the same side of the material spreading device (300); In the second direction, the material storage equipment (100), the mold curing equipment (500), the mold removal equipment (600), and the empty mold storage equipment (700) are arranged in sequence.

2. The concrete automated forming system of claim 1, wherein, The demolding equipment (600) includes a conveyor for conveying test molds along a first direction and a demolding device (609). The stacker (502) is used to place test molds (903) in the vertical storage unit (501) onto the conveyor. The automated concrete molding system also includes a second robot (800) for placing test molds (903) on the conveyor onto the demolding device (609).

3. The automated concrete forming system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The demolding device (600) also includes a manual demolding table (602) located on the side of the conveyor, and the demolding device (600) also includes a trial mold ejection mechanism (603) for pushing the trial mold (903) on the conveyor onto the manual demolding table (602).

4. The automated concrete forming system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the first direction, the demolding device (609) and the manual demolding table (602) are both located on one side of the empty trial mold storage device (700).

5. The automated concrete forming system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The tamping device (404) is fixed on the first robot (402).

6. The automated concrete forming system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tamping device (404) includes a base (406) fixed on the first robot (402), and four tamping units (407) are installed on the base (406). Each tamping unit (407) includes an elastic tamping plate (410). The elastic tamping plates (410) of each tamping unit (407) are arranged in a circumferential array around the central axis extending vertically. The tamping unit (407) also includes a telescopic component. The lower end of the elastic tamping disc (410) is the insertion end that is inserted into the concrete. The plane on which each elastic tamping disc (410) is located is distributed at a set angle with the central axis. Each elastic tamping disc (410) is arranged from top to bottom and in a direction away from each other. The insertion end of the elastic tamping disc (410) is used to tilt against the inner wall of the test mold (903) and bend downward. The telescopic member is used to drive the elastic tamping disc (410) to move along the tilt direction of the corresponding elastic tamping disc (410).

7. The automated concrete forming system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base (406) includes a fixed base (411) and a sliding base (412) that is slidably mounted on the fixed base (411) along the extension direction of the central axis. Each tamping unit (407) is fixed on the sliding base (412). An elastic element is provided between the sliding seat (412) and the fixed seat (411), and the elastic element is used to apply a downward elastic force to the sliding seat (412).

8. The automated concrete forming system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The empty test mold storage device (700) includes a support frame (701) and a test mold bracket (702) provided on the support frame (701). The test mold bracket (702) is used to store test molds (903). The test mold bracket (702) extends along a first direction and one end facing the fabric feeding device (300) is lower than the other end, so that the test mold (903) can slide under its own weight. The lower end of the test mold bracket (702) has a gripping position, a first preparatory position, and a second preparatory position in sequence from low to high. There is a gripping interval between the gripping position and the first preparatory position for the first robot (402) to grip the test mold (903). The lower end of the test mold bracket (702) is provided with a baffle (707) for blocking and cooperating with the test mold (903). The empty test mold storage device (700) also includes a stop module located above the test mold support (702). The stop module includes a first stop and a second stop that can extend and retract vertically. The first stop is used to stop and cooperate with the upper outer wall of the test mold (903) in the first preparation position to prevent the test mold (903) in the first preparation position from sliding downward. The second stop is used to stop and cooperate with the upper inner wall of the test mold (903) in the second preparation position to prevent the test mold (903) in the second preparation position from sliding downward. When the second stop extends downward and engages with the test mold (903) in the second preparatory position, the first stop retracts upward so that the test mold (903) in the first preparatory position can slide downward to the gripping position. After the first stop extends downward, the second stop retracts upward so that the test mold (903) in the second preparatory position can slide downward to the first preparatory position and engage with the first stop.

9. The automated concrete forming system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The stop module further includes a mounting frame (712) fixed on the mold support (702). The mounting frame (712) is movably fitted with a slide (717) capable of reciprocating in a first direction and a drive cylinder (716) connected to the slide (717). The slide (717) is provided with guide rails spaced apart along a second direction and arranged in opposite directions. The mounting frame (712) is provided with a guide rod that can move up and down corresponding to each guide rail position. The guide rod and the guide rail slide in a guiding sliding fit in the first direction. The first stop and the second... The two stops are fixed to the bottom of the corresponding guide rods respectively; each guide rod is fitted with a compression spring (722), one end of the compression spring (722) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (712), the guide rail is provided with a first horizontal guide part (719) and a second horizontal guide part (720) of different heights, and also provided with an inclined guide part (721) connecting the first horizontal guide part (719) and the second horizontal guide part (720) so that the slide (717) can realize the alternating extension and retraction of the first stop and the second stop when it moves back and forth.

10. The automated concrete forming system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the first and second stop components are stop cylinders.

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