Method and device for protecting a hydrogen combustion engine against a dangerous gas leak

Abstract

This invention discloses a protection method and apparatus for hazardous gas leakage in hydrogen fuel engines. The method includes: Hazardous gas extraction from the engine casing: Monitoring internal state data yields a first optimal value, which is used to construct a variable frequency blower control algorithm to control and adjust the blower's speed and output to expel the leaked first hazardous gas. Hazardous gas extraction from the fuel pipeline sleeve: Monitoring internal state data yields a second optimal value, which is used to calculate the difference between the second and first optimal values ​​to construct a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm. This algorithm controls the blower's operating mode and adjusts its speed and output, creating a negative pressure within the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently expel the leaked second hazardous gas. This invention enables timely and effective detection and extraction of leaked hydrogen fuel, forming an engineering-feasible and reliable hydrogen fuel leak diagnosis and protection measure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas turbine control technology, and in particular to a protection method and device for hazardous gas leakage in hydrogen gas turbines. Background Technology

[0002] Gas turbines are a safe, reliable, peak-shaving, and sustainable clean thermal power generation technology. Developing new gas turbines that can use hydrogen or other renewable gaseous fuels is of great significance for achieving a sustainable green economy. Major international gas turbine manufacturers all consider hydrogen gas turbines a key development direction. Statistics show that the current mainstream heavy-duty gas turbines internationally have a hydrogen blending ratio of up to 30%, while small and medium-sized gas turbines can achieve a hydrogen blending ratio exceeding 50%. For hydrogen-blended or pure hydrogen gas turbines, due to the small size and high reactivity of hydrogen molecules, leaks are extremely easy. If leaks are not detected in time or promptly transported to a safe area, they can easily create an explosion hazard. This is especially true within the relatively enclosed gas turbine casing or enclosure, where easily leaked hazardous gases are more likely to cause explosions. Therefore, designing and adopting a protective device and method for hazardous gas leaks in hydrogen gas turbines, promptly and effectively detecting and removing leaked hydrogen fuel, and forming engineering-feasible and safe hydrogen fuel leak diagnosis and protection measures are essential and important to prevent leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases from remaining in dead zones for extended periods and creating explosion hazards, thus ensuring the safe operation of hydrogen gas turbines.

[0003] Existing technical solutions generally involve installing a ventilation system for the relatively enclosed space of the gas turbine casing or housing, which includes the fuel shut-off valve, regulating valve, compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. The system uses a blower or exhaust fan to expel the gas from the gas turbine casing / housing, thereby ensuring that the temperature in the gas turbine operating area does not become too high, preventing the accumulation of combustible gases, and isolating oxygen in case of fire. Figure 1 The diagram shows a traditional hazardous gas leak detection and protection scheme for gas turbine enclosures / boxes.

[0004] The existing technical solutions have the following problems: the blowers / exhaust fans of the ventilation system of the gas turbine casing or housing need to work for a long time during the operation of the gas turbine, which is relatively energy-intensive. Moreover, when dangerous gases such as hydrogen are leaked, the output of the blowers / exhaust fans cannot be actively and quickly adjusted to achieve timely discharge of dangerous gases, which can easily cause safety hazards and explosion risks. On the other hand, the gas turbine casing or housing that requires ventilation has a large space and requires a long ventilation time when dangerous gases are leaked. After dangerous gases such as hydrogen are leaked, they remain in dead zones, resulting in insufficient and ineffective ventilation, which can easily cause safety hazards and explosion risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] To address this, the present invention proposes a protection method for hazardous gas leakage in hydrogen gas turbines. When the concentration of leaked gas is high, the method actively increases the extraction efficiency to promptly remove the leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases, preventing them from remaining in the dead zone for extended periods and creating an explosion hazard. This timely and effective removal of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases improves the safety and reliability of the gas turbine operation. When the concentration of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases is below a safety threshold, the method controls the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan to operate at low speed and in an energy-saving mode according to a preset control strategy, reducing energy consumption and saving electricity.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a protective device for the leakage of hazardous gases from a hydrogen gas engine.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a protection method for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen gas engine, comprising:

[0009] Extraction of leaked hazardous gas from the gas turbine casing: The first sensor is used to monitor the internal state data to obtain the first data monitoring result. The first data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the first optimal value data. Based on the first optimal value data, a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency blower control algorithm is used to control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency blower to discharge the leaked first hazardous gas.

[0010] Extraction of leaked hazardous gas from the fuel pipeline sleeve: The second sensor is used to monitor the internal status data to obtain the second data monitoring result. The second data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the second optimal value data. Based on the difference between the second optimal value data and the first optimal value data, a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is used to control the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan and control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency exhaust fan, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently discharge the leaked second hazardous gas.

[0011] The protection method for hazardous gas leakage from hydrogen gas engines according to embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first sensor is installed at a first preset position inside the gas turbine housing of the hydrogen gas turbine, and the second sensor is installed at a second preset position on the fuel pipeline sleeve of the hydrogen gas turbine; the first sensor and the second sensor respectively include multiple types of gas concentration sensors, pressure sensors and temperature sensors.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first data monitoring result is subjected to optimization value calculation to obtain first optimization value data, and a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed based on the first optimization value data, including:

[0014] The preferred values ​​for the first hazardous gas concentration, the first pressure, and the first temperature are calculated based on the monitored hazardous gas concentration, pressure, and temperature data inside the gas turbine casing.

[0015] Based on the preferred values ​​of the first hazardous gas concentration data, the first pressure data, the first temperature data, and the monitored ambient temperature and pressure data, a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the concentration of the first hazardous gas inside the gas turbine casing exceeds the first alarm threshold, the operating mode of the variable frequency blower is adjusted to the variable frequency high-speed operating mode, and the output of the variable frequency blower is increased according to the severity of exceeding the first alarm threshold based on the variable frequency blower control algorithm; when the concentration of the leaked first hazardous gas is lower than the first safety threshold, the output of the variable frequency blower is reduced according to the variable frequency blower control algorithm.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the process of discharging the leaked first hazardous gas includes: based on the current gas turbine operating condition data and the degree of leakage of the first hazardous gas, performing a corresponding gas turbine protection action, including:

[0018] When the hydrogen gas engine is operating under load, if the leakage level of the first hazardous gas is higher than the first alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is reduced rapidly at the first rate until the leakage of the first hazardous gas is lower than the first safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a first time delay.

[0019] When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no-load conditions, if the leakage level of the first hazardous gas is higher than the first alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at the second rate until the leakage of the first hazardous gas is lower than the first safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a second delay.

[0020] When the leakage level of the first hazardous gas exceeds the first protection trip threshold, the protection trip is triggered directly after a third time delay.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed based on the difference between the second preferred value data and the first preferred value data, including:

[0022] Calculate the preferred values ​​for the second hazardous gas concentration, the second pressure, and the second temperature based on the hazardous gas concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data inside the fuel pipeline casing;

[0023] The pressure difference and temperature difference are calculated based on the preferred values ​​of the second pressure data and the second temperature data, and the preferred values ​​of the first pressure data and the first temperature data.

[0024] A variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed based on the pressure difference and temperature difference, as well as the preferred values ​​of the second hazardous gas concentration data, the second pressure data, and the second temperature data.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the concentration of the second hazardous gas in the fuel pipeline exceeds the second alarm threshold, the operating mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan is adjusted to the variable frequency high-speed operating mode, and the output of the variable frequency exhaust fan is increased according to the severity of exceeding the second alarm threshold according to the variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm. When the concentration of the leaked second hazardous gas is lower than the second safety threshold, the output of the variable frequency exhaust fan is reduced according to the variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, when discharging the leaked second hazardous gas, the process includes: based on the current gas turbine operating condition data and the degree of leakage of the second hazardous gas, performing a corresponding gas turbine protection action, including:

[0027] When the hydrogen gas engine is operating under load, if the leakage level of the second hazardous gas is higher than the second alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is reduced rapidly at the third rate until the leakage of the second hazardous gas is lower than the second safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a fourth time delay.

[0028] When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no-load conditions, if the leakage level of the second hazardous gas is higher than the second alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at the fourth rate until the leakage of the second hazardous gas is lower than the second safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a fifth time delay.

[0029] When the leakage level of the second hazardous gas exceeds the second protection trip threshold, the protection trip will be triggered directly after a sixth delay.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:

[0031] Based on the quantity of hazardous gas concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data in the first data monitoring results, as well as the measured values ​​and signal quality of each signal in the first data monitoring results, the first preferred value data is obtained through a first signal conditioning optimization algorithm.

[0032] Based on the quantity of hazardous gas concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data from the second data monitoring results, as well as the measured values ​​and signal quality of each signal in the second data monitoring results, the second preferred value data is obtained through a second signal conditioning optimization algorithm.

[0033] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the present invention provides a protection device for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen gas engine, comprising:

[0034] The hazardous gas extraction module for leaking gas in the gas turbine casing is used to monitor the internal state data using a first sensor to obtain a first data monitoring result, calculate the first optimal value data based on the first data monitoring result, construct a variable frequency blower control algorithm based on the first optimal value data, and use the variable frequency blower control algorithm to control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency blower to discharge the leaked hazardous gas.

[0035] The hazardous gas extraction module for leaking fuel pipeline sleeves is used to monitor the internal status data using a second sensor to obtain a second data monitoring result. The second data monitoring result is then used to calculate an optimal value to obtain a second optimal value data. Based on the difference between the second optimal value data and the first optimal value data, a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is used to control the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan and control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency exhaust fan, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently discharge the leaked second hazardous gas.

[0036] The invention provides a method and apparatus for protecting against hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen gas turbine. When the concentration of leaked gas is high, the apparatus actively increases extraction efficiency to promptly remove leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases, preventing them from remaining in a dead zone for extended periods and creating an explosion hazard. This timely and effective removal of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases improves the safety and reliability of the gas turbine operation. When the concentration of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases is below a safety threshold, the apparatus controls the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan to operate at low speed and in an energy-saving mode according to a preset control strategy, reducing energy consumption and saving electricity. Furthermore, the apparatus effectively reduces the leakage space of the hydrogen and other hazardous gases requiring extraction, enabling more timely and effective detection and extraction of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases, preventing them from remaining in a dead zone for extended periods and creating an explosion hazard, thus ensuring the safe operation of the gas turbine.

[0037] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional hazardous gas leak detection and protection scheme for gas turbine enclosures / boxes;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a protection method for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a novel variable frequency blower / exhaust device and control according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an active gas leak extraction system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a protective device for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen fuel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a protection method and apparatus for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen gas engine, based on an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a protection method for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen fuel engine, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0049] S1, Extraction of leaked hazardous gas from the gas turbine casing: The first sensor is used to monitor the internal state data to obtain the first data monitoring result. The first data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the first optimal value data. Based on the first optimal value data, a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed, and the variable frequency blower control algorithm is used to control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency blower to discharge the leaked first hazardous gas.

[0050] S2, Extraction of leaked hazardous gas from the fuel pipeline sleeve: The second sensor is used to monitor the internal status data to obtain the second data monitoring result. The second data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the second optimal value data. Based on the difference between the second optimal value data and the first optimal value data, a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is used to control the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan and control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency exhaust fan, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently discharge the leaked second hazardous gas.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention symmetrically arranges and installs u hydrogen and other hazardous gas concentration sensors (AI) at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box. U1 ~AI Uu To detect and monitor leaks inside the enclosure / box.

[0052] Preferably, v pressure sensors (PTs) are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box. V1 ~PT Vv To detect the pressure inside the casing / box.

[0053] Preferably, k temperature sensors (TT) are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box. K1 ~TT Kk To detect the temperature of the gas inside the enclosure / box.

[0054] Preferably, the original constant-output blower / exhaust fan is replaced with w variable-frequency blowers / exhaust fans. W1 ~W Ww It is used for blowing / exhausting ventilation of the gas turbine casing / box.

[0055] Preferably, a new variable frequency blower / exhaust fan control algorithm F1 = f(AI, P, T, T0, P0) is constructed, based on the monitored concentration of hazardous gases such as hydrogen inside the gas turbine casing / box (AI). U1 ~AI Uu ), pressure (P) V1 ~P Vv ), temperature (T) K1 ~T Kk ) as well as ambient temperature T0 and ambient pressure P0.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred values ​​of hazardous gas concentration, pressure and temperature are calculated based on the number of hazardous gas measurement signals and the measured values ​​and signal quality of each signal, and are obtained through a signal conditioning optimization algorithm.

[0057] Preferably, when there are more than two signals with normal hazardous gas concentration signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the median value among the signals with normal quality; when there are two signals with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the largest measured value among the signals with normal quality; when there is only one signal with normal signal quality, the preferred value is a preset value that falls within the alarm threshold AI. UH and protection threshold AI UP Preset protection value between AI US1 When all signal quality is abnormal, the preferred value is a preset value higher than the protection threshold AI. UP Preset protection binary AI US2 .

[0058] Preferably, when there are more than two signals with normal pressure signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the median value among the signals with normal quality; when there are two signals with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the average of the measured values ​​of the two signals with normal quality; when there is only one signal with normal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of that signal with normal quality; when all signals are abnormal, the preferred value is a preset value that falls within the alarm threshold P. UH and protection threshold P UP The preset protection value P between US1 .

[0059] Preferably, when there are more than two signals with normal temperature signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the median value among the signals with normal quality; when there are two signals with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the average of the measured values ​​of the two signals with normal quality; when there is only one signal with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of that signal with normal signal quality; when all signals are abnormal, the preferred value is a preset value that falls within the alarm threshold T. UH and protection threshold T UP The preset protection value T between US1 .

[0060] Adjust the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan W according to the gas turbine operating conditions. W1 ~W Ww The system operates in a specific mode and controls and adjusts the speed and output of the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan according to the control algorithm F1=f(AI,P,T,T0,P0) to promptly and efficiently discharge potentially leaked dangerous gases such as hydrogen.

[0061] Furthermore, when the concentration of hazardous gases such as hydrogen inside the gas turbine casing / box exceeds the alarm threshold AI... UH Or the pressure is lower than P VL (Blower mode) or pressure higher than P VH (Exhaust mode), or temperature higher than T H1When the blower / exhaust fan is in operation, adjust its operating mode to variable frequency high-speed mode, and increase the output of the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan according to the severity of exceeding the alarm threshold based on the new control algorithm F1=f(AI,P,T,T0,P0); ensure that leaked hydrogen and other hazardous gases are discharged from the gas turbine casing / box in a timely manner to avoid the explosion hazard caused by leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases; and ensure that the concentration of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases is below the safety threshold AI. OK1 And the pressure is higher than P VH (Blower mode) or pressure below P VL (Exhaust mode), and the temperature is below T. ok1 Under safe operating conditions, the output of the blower / exhaust fan is reduced according to the new control algorithm F1=f(AI,P,T,T0,P0) to operate in a low-speed energy-saving mode.

[0062] Furthermore, based on the operating conditions of the hydrogen gas turbine and the current level of leakage of hydrogen and other hazardous gases, corresponding gas turbine protection actions are executed, including:

[0063] Protection Action 1: When the hydrogen engine is operating under load, if the leakage level is higher than the alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is rapidly reduced at a preset rate ΔP1 until the leakage of hydrogen and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a delay of t1.

[0064] Protection Action 2: When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no load, if the leakage level is higher than the alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at a preset rate ΔG1 until the leakage of hydrogen and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a delay of t2.

[0065] Protection Action 3: When the leakage level exceeds the protection trip threshold, the protection trip is triggered directly after a delay of Td1.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, a novel active gas leak extraction system is designed, such as... Figure 3 As shown, an outer casing / shroud device is added to the fuel pipeline section, and temperature, pressure, and hazardous gas concentration detection are installed. A variable frequency exhaust fan and its control device are also installed. A new exhaust fan control algorithm, F2 = f(AI,P,T,ΔT,ΔP), is constructed to control the exhaust fan's operating mode and adjust the exhaust force, creating a suitable negative pressure inside the casing / shroud. This ensures that leaked hydrogen and other hazardous gases are promptly extracted from the casing / shroud, preventing the leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases from posing an explosion hazard. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] 1) Install stainless steel sleeves / covers made of 304 or 316L or other hydrogen embrittlement-resistant materials around the fuel pipelines in the gas turbine casing / box and the part connecting them to the combustion chamber, as well as the fuel pipelines where measuring transmitters are installed before entering the casing / box, to effectively prevent hydrogen embrittlement from occurring in the sleeves / covers.

[0068] 2) The exhaust pipe is led out to a safe area outside the gas turbine plant from a location where it is easy to arrange the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe is made of 304 or 316L stainless steel, which is resistant to hydrogen embrittlement, to effectively prevent hydrogen embrittlement from occurring in the exhaust pipe.

[0069] 3) Install x hydrogen and other hazardous gas concentration sensors (AI) at appropriate locations on the exhaust pipe leading out of the sleeve / shroud. X1 ~AI Xx To detect and monitor leaks in fuel lines;

[0070] 4) Install y pressure sensors (PTs) at appropriate locations on the exhaust pipe leading out of the sleeve / shroud. Y1 ~PT Yy To detect the pressure inside the casing / shroud; v pressure sensors (PTs) are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box. V1 ~PT Vv To detect the pressure inside the casing / box;

[0071] 5) At a suitable location on the exhaust pipe led out by the sleeve / shroud, t temperature sensors (TT) T1 ~TT Tt To detect the temperature of the gas inside the casing / shroud; k temperature sensors (TT) are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box. K1 ~TT Kk To detect the temperature of the gas inside the enclosure / box;

[0072] 6) Install z variable frequency exhaust fans in the exhaust pipe. Z1 ~Z Zz Used for exhausting air from sleeves / covers;

[0073] 7) Based on the monitored concentration of hazardous gases such as hydrogen inside the casing / shroud (AI) X1 ~AI Xx ), pressure (P) Y1 ~P Yy ), temperature (T) T1 ~T Tt ) and the temperature inside the gas turbine casing / box (T K1 ~T Kk ) and pressure (P) V1 ~P Vv), and the calculated concentration of hazardous gases (AI) X1 ~AI Xx ), pressure (P) Y1 ~P Yy ), temperature (T) T1 ~T Tt ), temperature (T) K1 ~T Kk ) and pressure (P) V1 ~P Vv The optimal values ​​of various signals AI, P, and T, and the differences ΔT and ΔP between the optimal values ​​of pressure and temperature inside the casing / shroud and the optimal values ​​of pressure and temperature inside the gas turbine casing / box are used to construct a new active exhaust fan control algorithm F2 = f(AI, P, T, ΔT, ΔP).

[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred values ​​of various signals inside the sleeve / shroud are calculated as follows: the preferred values ​​of the concentration, pressure and temperature of dangerous gases such as hydrogen are obtained by signal conditioning optimization algorithm based on the number of dangerous gas measurement signals and the measurement value and signal quality of each signal.

[0075] Preferably, when there are more than two signals with normal hazardous gas concentration signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the median value among the signals with normal quality; when there are two signals with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the largest measured value among the signals with normal quality; when there is only one signal with normal signal quality, the preferred value is a preset value that falls within the alarm threshold AI. XH and protection threshold AI XP Preset protection value between AI XS1 When all signal quality is abnormal, the preferred value is a preset value higher than the protection threshold AI. XP Preset protection binary AI XS2 .

[0076] Preferably, when there are more than two signals with normal pressure signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the median value among the signals with normal quality; when there are two signals with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the average of the measured values ​​of the two signals with normal quality; when there is only one signal with normal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of that signal with normal quality; when all signals are abnormal, the preferred value is a preset value that falls within the alarm threshold P. YH and protection threshold P YP The preset protection value P between YS1 .

[0077] Preferably, when there are more than two signals with normal temperature signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of the signal with the median value among the signals with normal quality; when there are two signals with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the average of the measured values ​​of the two signals with normal quality; when there is only one signal with normal signal quality, the preferred value is the measured value of that signal with normal signal quality; when all signals are abnormal, the preferred value is a preset value that falls within the alarm threshold T. TH and protection threshold T TP The preset protection value T between TS1 .

[0078] Combined with the operating conditions of the gas turbine, the variable frequency exhaust fan Z is controlled. Z1 ~Z Zz The constant speed / variable speed operation mode is adjusted, and the exhaust force is adjusted according to the control algorithm F2=f(AI,P,T,ΔT,ΔP) to form a relative negative pressure environment (relative pressure ΔP1) with the gas turbine casing / box, so as to timely and efficiently extract dangerous gases such as hydrogen that may be leaked.

[0079] 8) When the concentration of hazardous gases such as hydrogen inside the casing / shroud exceeds the alarm threshold AI XH Or the pressure difference between the inside of the sleeve / shroud and the inside of the casing / box is higher than ΔP. VH or the temperature difference exceeds ΔT H2 When the frequency converter exhaust fan's operating mode is adjusted to high-speed operation, and the output of the frequency converter exhaust fan is increased according to the severity of exceeding the alarm threshold based on the control algorithm F2=f(AI,P,T,ΔT,ΔP), to ensure that leaked hydrogen and other hazardous gases are promptly extracted from the casing / enclosure to prevent the leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases from posing an explosion hazard; when the concentration of leaked hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases is below the safety threshold AI... OK2 And the pressure difference is lower than ΔP VL And the temperature difference is lower than ΔT L2 Under safe operating conditions, the output of the exhaust fan is reduced according to the control algorithm F2=f(AI,P,T,ΔT,ΔP) to operate in a low-speed energy-saving mode.

[0080] Furthermore, based on the operating conditions of the hydrogen gas turbine and the current level of leakage of hydrogen and other hazardous gases, corresponding gas turbine protection actions are executed, including:

[0081] Protection Action 1: When the hydrogen gas engine is operating under load, if the leakage level is higher than the alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is reduced rapidly at a preset rate ΔP2 until the leakage of hydrogen and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a delay of t3.

[0082] Protection Action 2: When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no load, if the leakage level is higher than the alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at a preset rate ΔG2 until the leakage of hydrogen and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a delay of t4.

[0083] Protection Action 3: When the leakage level exceeds the protection trip threshold, the protection trip is triggered directly after a delay of Td2.

[0084] The protection method for hazardous gas leakage in hydrogen gas turbines according to embodiments of the present invention actively increases the extraction efficiency to promptly remove leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel when the concentration of leaked gas is high, preventing the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel from remaining in the dead zone for a long time and forming an explosion hazard; it improves the safety and reliability of gas turbine operation by timely and effectively removing leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel; when the concentration of leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel is below the safety threshold, it controls the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan to operate in a low-speed energy-saving mode according to a preset control strategy, reducing energy consumption and saving electricity; and it effectively reduces the leakage space of hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel that need to be extracted, more timely and effectively detects and extracts leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel, preventing the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel from remaining in the dead zone for a long time and forming an explosion hazard, thus providing a guarantee for the safe operation of the gas turbine.

[0085] To achieve the above embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment also provides a protection device 10 for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen gas engine. The device 10 includes a hazardous gas extraction module 100 for leakage from the gas engine casing and a hazardous gas extraction module 200 for leakage from leakage from the fuel pipeline sleeve.

[0086] The hazardous gas extraction module 100 for leaking gas in the gas turbine casing is used to monitor the internal state data using a first sensor to obtain a first data monitoring result, calculate the first optimal value data based on the first data monitoring result, construct a variable frequency blower control algorithm based on the first optimal value data, and use the variable frequency blower control algorithm to control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency blower to discharge the leaked first hazardous gas.

[0087] The hazardous gas extraction module 200 for leaking fuel pipeline sleeve is used to monitor the internal status data using a second sensor to obtain a second data monitoring result, calculate an optimal value from the second data monitoring result to obtain a second optimal value data, construct a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm based on the difference between the second optimal value data and the first optimal value data, and use the variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm to control the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan and control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency exhaust fan, so as to form a negative pressure inside the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently discharge the leaked second hazardous gas.

[0088] The present invention provides a protection device for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen gas turbine, wherein multiple concentration sensors (AI) for hazardous gases such as hydrogen are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the turbine casing / box. U1 ~AI uu ), pressure sensor (PT) V1 ~PT Vv ), temperature sensor (TT) K1 ~TT Kk This system detects and monitors leakage, pressure, and temperature within the gas turbine casing / box. It acquires real-time data from each sensor, comparing the concentration value and rate of increase detected by each gas concentration sensor, the pressure and rate of increase detected by each pressure sensor, and the temperature value and rate of increase detected by each temperature sensor with corresponding preset thresholds to determine whether the leakage level of hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel within the gas turbine casing / box exceeds the control mode adjustment threshold, alarm threshold, or protection threshold. Based on the constructed variable frequency blower / exhaust fan control algorithm F1 = f(AI, P, T, T0, P0), and combined with the gas turbine operating conditions, it controls the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan W. W1 ~W Ww For variable frequency blowers / exhaust fans W W1 ~W Ww The operating mode is adjusted, and the speed and exhaust force of the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan are controlled and adjusted to discharge any potentially leaked hydrogen and other hazardous gases in a timely and efficient manner. Based on the operating conditions of the hydrogen gas turbine and the current leakage level of hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases, the corresponding gas turbine protection action is executed after determining that the leakage level of hydrogen fuel and other hazardous gases in the gas turbine casing / box is higher than the protection threshold.

[0089] Preferably, the optimized design and improved application of a new type of variable frequency blower / exhaust device can adjust the blower / exhaust output according to different operating conditions, thereby optimizing the ventilation effect of the gas turbine casing / box.

[0090] Preferably, u hydrogen and other hazardous gas concentration sensors are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box to detect and monitor the leakage of hydrogen and other hazardous gases inside the gas turbine casing / box.

[0091] Preferably, v pressure sensors are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box to monitor the gas pressure inside the casing / box.

[0092] Preferably, k temperature sensors are symmetrically arranged and installed at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box to monitor the temperature of the gas inside the casing / box.

[0093] Preferably, a new control algorithm F1 = f(AI,P,T,T0,P0) is constructed for the blower / exhaust fan of the gas turbine casing / box, which controls the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan W for ventilation of the gas turbine casing / box. W1 ~W Ww The operating mode is adjusted, and the exhaust force is adjusted to discharge any potentially leaked hydrogen or other dangerous gases in a timely and efficient manner.

[0094] Preferably, under safe operating conditions where the concentration of potentially leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel inside the gas turbine casing / box is controlled and the pressure and temperature inside the gas turbine casing / box are both below the safety threshold, the output of the blower / exhaust fan is reduced according to the new control algorithm F1=f(AI,P,T,T0,P0) to operate in a low-speed energy-saving mode.

[0095] Preferably, the variable frequency blower / exhaust device and control method of the gas turbine casing / box are optimized to actively increase the extraction efficiency and discharge the dangerous gas in time when the concentration of leaked hydrogen fuel and other dangerous gases is high, and to control the blower / exhaust fan to operate in a low-speed energy-saving mode when the concentration of leaked hydrogen fuel and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold and the negative pressure in the casing / enclosure is sufficient.

[0096] Furthermore, the protection device for hazardous gas leakage in a hydrogen gas engine of the present invention, in conjunction with the operating conditions of the hydrogen gas engine and the current degree of leakage of hazardous gases such as hydrogen, executes corresponding gas engine protection actions, including:

[0097] Protection Action 1: When the hydrogen engine is operating under load, if the leakage level is higher than the alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is rapidly reduced at a preset rate ΔP1 until the leakage of hydrogen and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a delay of t1.

[0098] Protection Action 2: When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no load, if the leakage level is higher than the alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at a preset rate ΔG1 until the leakage of hydrogen and other dangerous gases is lower than the safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a delay of t2.

[0099] Protection Action 3: When the leakage level exceeds the protection trip threshold, the protection trip is triggered directly after a delay of Td1.

[0100] In one embodiment of the present invention, an active gas leak extraction system is used to symmetrically arrange and install multiple pressure sensors (PTs) at the top of the central longitudinal section inside the gas turbine casing / box. V1 ~PT Vv ), temperature sensor (TT) K1 ~TT KkTo detect the pressure and temperature inside the gas turbine casing / box; one or more hydrogen and other hazardous gas concentration sensors (AI) are installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe leading from the fuel line sleeve / shroud of the active gas leak extraction device. X1 ~AI Xx ) and pressure sensor (PT) Y1 ~PT Yy ) and temperature sensor (TT) T1 ~TT Tt This system detects and monitors leaks in the fuel pipeline, as well as the pressure and temperature of the gas inside the casing / enclosure. It acquires real-time data from each sensor, calculating the temperature and pressure differences ΔT and ΔP between the fuel pipeline casing / enclosure and the gas turbine housing / box. It also compares each concentration, temperature, and pressure with preset thresholds for the corresponding signals to determine if the concentration, pressure, and temperature of hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel inside the fuel pipeline casing / enclosure exceed the control mode adjustment threshold, alarm threshold, and protection threshold of the active gas leak extraction system. Based on the constructed active gas leak extraction system, the system uses a variable frequency exhaust fan Z... Z1 ~Z Zz The control algorithm F2 = f(AI,P,T,ΔT,ΔP), combined with the gas turbine operating conditions, controls the variable frequency exhaust fan Z. Z1 ~Z Zz Adjust the variable frequency exhaust fan Z Z1 ~Z Zz Operating modes, and control and adjust the variable frequency exhaust fan Z Z1 ~Z Zz The speed and exhaust force are adjusted to promptly and efficiently discharge any potentially leaked hydrogen or other hazardous gases. Based on the operating conditions of the hydrogen gas turbine and the current leakage level of hydrogen fuel or other hazardous gases, the corresponding gas turbine protection action is executed after determining that the leakage level of hydrogen fuel or other hazardous gases within the bushing / shroud of the gas turbine's fuel pipeline exceeds the protection threshold.

[0101] The protective device for hazardous gas leakage in a hydrogen gas turbine according to embodiments of the present invention actively increases the extraction efficiency to promptly discharge the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel when the concentration of the leaked gas is high, preventing the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel from remaining in the dead zone for a long time and forming an explosion hazard; it effectively and promptly discharges the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel, improving the safety and reliability of the gas turbine operation; when the concentration of the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel is lower than the safety threshold, it controls the variable frequency blower / exhaust fan to operate in a low-speed energy-saving mode according to a preset control strategy, reducing energy consumption and saving electricity; and it effectively reduces the leakage space of the hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel that need to be extracted, more timely and effectively detects and extracts the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel, preventing the leaked hazardous gases such as hydrogen fuel from remaining in the dead zone for a long time and forming an explosion hazard, thus providing a guarantee for the safe operation of the gas turbine.

[0102] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0103] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

Claims

1. A protection method for hazardous gas leakage from a hydrogen fuel cell engine, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Extraction of leaked hazardous gas from the gas turbine casing: The first sensor is used to monitor the internal state data to obtain the first data monitoring result. The first data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the first optimal value data. Based on the first optimal value data, a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency blower control algorithm is used to control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency blower to discharge the leaked first hazardous gas. Extraction of leaked hazardous gas from the fuel pipeline sleeve: The second sensor is used to monitor the internal status data to obtain the second data monitoring result. The second data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the second optimal value data. Based on the difference between the second optimal value data and the first optimal value data, a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is used to control the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan and control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency exhaust fan, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently discharge the leaked second hazardous gas.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first sensor is installed at a first preset position inside the gas turbine housing of the hydrogen gas turbine, and the second sensor is installed at a second preset position on the fuel line sleeve of the hydrogen gas turbine; the first sensor and the second sensor respectively include multiple types of gas concentration sensors, pressure sensors and temperature sensors.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first data monitoring result is used to calculate the optimal value to obtain the first optimal value data. Based on the first optimal value data, a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed, including: The preferred values ​​for the first hazardous gas concentration, the first pressure, and the first temperature are calculated based on the monitored hazardous gas concentration, pressure, and temperature data inside the gas turbine casing. Based on the preferred values ​​of the first hazardous gas concentration data, the first pressure data, the first temperature data, and the monitored ambient temperature and pressure data, a variable frequency blower control algorithm is constructed.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, When the concentration of the first hazardous gas inside the gas turbine casing exceeds the first alarm threshold, the operating mode of the variable frequency blower is adjusted to the variable frequency high-speed operating mode, and the output of the variable frequency blower is increased according to the severity of exceeding the first alarm threshold based on the variable frequency blower control algorithm. When the concentration of the first hazardous gas leaked is lower than the first safety threshold, the output of the variable frequency blower is reduced according to the variable frequency blower control algorithm.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The process of discharging the leaked first hazardous gas includes: based on the current gas turbine operating condition data and the degree of leakage of the first hazardous gas, executing corresponding gas turbine protection actions, including: When the hydrogen gas engine is operating under load, if the leakage level of the first hazardous gas is higher than the first alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is reduced rapidly at the first rate until the leakage of the first hazardous gas is lower than the first safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a first time delay. When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no-load conditions, if the leakage level of the first hazardous gas is higher than the first alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at the second rate until the leakage of the first hazardous gas is lower than the first safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a second delay. When the leakage level of the first hazardous gas exceeds the first protection trip threshold, the protection trip is triggered directly after a third time delay.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, A variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed based on the difference between the second preferred value data and the first preferred value data, including: Calculate the preferred values ​​for the second hazardous gas concentration, the second pressure, and the second temperature based on the hazardous gas concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data inside the fuel pipeline casing; The pressure difference and temperature difference are calculated based on the preferred values ​​of the second pressure data and the second temperature data, and the preferred values ​​of the first pressure data and the first temperature data. A variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed based on the pressure difference and temperature difference, as well as the preferred values ​​of the second hazardous gas concentration data, the second pressure data, and the second temperature data.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, When the concentration of the second hazardous gas in the fuel pipeline exceeds the second alarm threshold, the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan is adjusted to the variable frequency high-speed operation mode, and the output of the variable frequency exhaust fan is increased according to the severity of exceeding the second alarm threshold based on the variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm; when the concentration of the leaked second hazardous gas is lower than the second safety threshold, the output of the variable frequency exhaust fan is reduced according to the variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, When discharging the leaked second hazardous gas, the process includes: based on the current gas turbine operating condition data and the degree of leakage of the second hazardous gas, executing corresponding gas turbine protection actions, including: When the hydrogen gas engine is operating under load, if the leakage level of the second hazardous gas is higher than the second alarm threshold, a protective rapid load reduction is triggered. The load is reduced rapidly at the third rate until the leakage of the second hazardous gas is lower than the second safety threshold, and then the rapid load reduction stops after a fourth time delay. When the hydrogen gas engine is running under no-load conditions, if the leakage level of the second hazardous gas is higher than the second alarm threshold, a protective rapid fuel reduction is triggered, and fuel is reduced at the fourth rate until the leakage of the second hazardous gas is lower than the second safety threshold, and then fuel reduction stops after a fifth time delay. When the leakage level of the second hazardous gas exceeds the second protection trip threshold, the protection trip will be triggered directly after a sixth delay.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the quantity of hazardous gas concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data in the first data monitoring results, as well as the measured values ​​and signal quality of each signal in the first data monitoring results, the first preferred value data is obtained through a first signal conditioning optimization algorithm. Based on the quantity of hazardous gas concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data from the second data monitoring results, as well as the measured values ​​and signal quality of each signal in the second data monitoring results, the second preferred value data is obtained through a second signal conditioning optimization algorithm.

10. A protection device based on the leakage of a dangerous gas of a hydrogen combustion engine, characterized in that, include: The hazardous gas extraction module for leaking gas in the gas turbine casing is used to monitor the internal state data using a first sensor to obtain a first data monitoring result, calculate the first optimal value data based on the first data monitoring result, construct a variable frequency blower control algorithm based on the first optimal value data, and use the variable frequency blower control algorithm to control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency blower to discharge the leaked hazardous gas. The hazardous gas extraction module for leaking fuel pipeline sleeves is used to monitor the internal status data using a second sensor to obtain a second data monitoring result. The second data monitoring result is then used to calculate an optimal value to obtain a second optimal value data. Based on the difference between the second optimal value data and the first optimal value data, a variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is constructed. The variable frequency exhaust fan control algorithm is used to control the operation mode of the variable frequency exhaust fan and control and adjust the speed and output of the variable frequency exhaust fan, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the fuel pipeline sleeve to efficiently discharge the leaked second hazardous gas.

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