A multi-functional manned submersible cabin balance valve and operating method

Abstract

A multifunctional submersible manned cabin balance valve and its operating method are disclosed. The valve includes a valve seat and a valve body, which are mechanically fixed to a mounting bracket on the submersible manned cabin shell. A cylinder is mounted on the valve seat via fasteners, and an end cap is fitted to its bottom. A piston rod is fitted inside the cylinder, and a compression spring is fitted onto the piston rod located inside the cylinder. One end of the piston rod extends out of the cylinder and is connected to a pull rod via a locking nut. A valve cap is also fitted on the top surface of the valve body. A lifting ring is installed after the pull rod passes through the center of the valve cap. An air port A is formed at the center of the bottom of the end cap, and an air port B is formed on one side wall of the cylinder. Air ports A and B are connected to a solenoid directional valve, which is connected to the submersible's air source. This valve offers flexible operation, conveniently achieving balance between the manned cabin and the external atmosphere, significantly improving the safety of the manned cabin and the comfort of the occupants, and reducing the difficulty of opening the hatch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of manned submersible technology, and in particular to a multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] Manned submersibles are one of the main tools for underwater exploration and an important technological means for underwater rescue and personnel transport. All manned submersibles require a crew cabin to carry the pilot or rescue personnel, and to house non-pressure-resistant / water-resistant equipment such as control panels. When a submersible is operating underwater, several factors can cause an increase in cabin pressure: During prolonged operation at great depths, the cabin temperature can drop below 10°C, while upon surfacing, the temperature rises rapidly (up to 40°C), leading to a significant increase in cabin pressure; prolonged underwater operation results in substantial pressure increases due to personnel breathing and semi-closed breathing; when personnel are transferred by opening hatches during underwater operations, pressurization or gas replenishment is required, increasing cabin pressure; and gas leaks within the crew cabin can also cause pressure increases. Increased internal pressure in the manned cabin poses a safety hazard. While the manned cabin has a skeletal shell capable of withstanding high external seawater pressure, it can only withstand relatively low internal pressure. When the internal pressure exceeds the safe tolerance level (generally no more than 2 bar), it damages the cabin's hull strength, affecting the submersible's safety. Furthermore, increased internal pressure creates a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hatch, making it difficult to open and posing a safety hazard to operators. In addition, increased internal pressure can negatively impact crew comfort. Once the submersible surfaces, the internal pressure should be reduced to normal atmospheric pressure as quickly as possible, if conditions permit, to improve crew comfort.

[0003] Currently, most manned submersible cabin balance valves are manual shut-off valves installed on the hatch cover. When gas leaks or other situations cause the cabin pressure to rise rapidly, they cannot be depressurized immediately, posing a safety hazard to the cabin shell. Some manned submersible cabins are equipped with safety valves on top to achieve depressurization, but these safety valves generally have a small diameter. For larger manned cabins, they cannot discharge a large amount of gas in a short time. Furthermore, safety valves can only be opened at a constant pressure difference, and cannot achieve pressure balance between the inside and outside of the cabin through manual operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing production technologies, the applicant provides a multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve and its operation method. This valve can automatically open to release pressure when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the manned cabin exceeds a safe value, and can also achieve balance between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere through air circuit control inside the cabin or manual operation by personnel outside the cabin. This significantly improves the safety of the manned cabin and the comfort of the personnel inside, and reduces the difficulty of opening the hatch.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A multifunctional manned submersible balance valve includes a valve seat on which a valve body is mounted. The valve seat and valve body are mechanically fixed to a mounting support on the manned submersible shell. The valve body also forms a seal with the outside of the manned submersible shell through a valve body sealing ring. A cylinder is mounted on the valve seat by fasteners. An end cap is mounted on the bottom of the cylinder. A piston rod is mounted inside the cylinder. A compression spring is fitted on the piston rod inside the cylinder. One end of the piston rod extends out of the cylinder and is connected to a pull rod through a locking nut. A valve cap is mounted on the top surface of the valve body. A lifting ring is installed after the pull rod passes through the center of the valve cap. An air port A is formed at the center of the bottom of the end cap, and an air port B is formed on one side wall of the cylinder. Air ports A and B are connected to a solenoid directional valve, which is connected to the submersible's air source.

[0007] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0008] The valve seat has flange holes and threaded holes for mating connections.

[0009] The valve body has a "T" shaped cross-section and is hollow inside.

[0010] The cylinder body adopts a stepped cylindrical shell.

[0011] The valve cap adopts an integrated structure.

[0012] The valve cap is a frustum-shaped pressure cap with a stepped hole in the center.

[0013] The sealing ring retainer is fixed to the bottom of the valve cap by a threaded connection. The sealing ring retainer and the valve cap form a sealing ring retainer groove, and the valve cap sealing ring is installed in the sealing ring retainer groove.

[0014] The end cap is provided with a threaded hole in the axial direction for connection with the drive air passage.

[0015] The end cap forms a sealed cavity with the cylinder body through a threaded connection and an O-ring seal.

[0016] A method for operating a multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve includes the following operating procedures:

[0017] (a) Automatic depressurization when cabin over-tolerance occurs:

[0018] In the initial state, the electromagnetic directional valve is in the neutral position, the compression spring is in the pre-compressed state, providing a rebound force that pushes the piston rod downward to the end of its stroke. The piston rod drives the pull rod downward to tighten the valve cap, and the valve cap contacts the valve body, compressing the valve cap sealing ring to form a seal, thus closing the balance valve. When the submersible experiences an increase in cabin pressure due to the aforementioned factors, and the submersible surfaces to the surface where the cabin pressure is higher than the external environmental pressure, the valve cap is subjected to an upward thrust caused by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the manned cabin, and a downward force transmitted by the compression spring through the piston rod and pull rod. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin reaches the set safety value, the thrust on the valve cap is greater than the downward rebound force provided by the compression spring. The valve cap lifts up and separates from the valve body, and drives the pull rod and piston rod to extend upward. The balance valve opens, and the gas inside the cabin enters the valve body through the vent hole at the bottom of the balance valve. It is then exhausted to the outside through the gap between the valve body and the valve cap. After the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin decreases and is less than the set safety value, the thrust on the valve cap is less than the downward rebound force provided by the compression spring. The valve cap falls back down and sticks tightly to the valve body, and the balance valve closes again.

[0019] (ii) The cabin pressure control balance valve is opened:

[0020] When the submersible surfaces and the internal air pressure rises below the set value of the balance valve, the pressure in the manned cabin can be balanced with the external pressure by controlling the opening of the balance valve through the internal air pressure. At this time, the solenoid reversing valve is switched to the right position, so that air enters through port A and exhausts through port B of the balance valve. Driven by the air pressure, the piston rod is subjected to a large upward thrust, which overcomes the rebound force of the compression spring and extends upward, thereby pushing the pull rod to lift the valve cap and separate it from the valve body. The balance valve opens to achieve pressure balance between the inside and outside of the manned cabin.

[0021] (III) Manual control of the balance valve opening from outside the cabin:

[0022] After the submersible is lowered to the deck, before opening the hatch of the manned cabin, the personnel outside the cabin manually balance the pressure between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere. At this time, the personnel outside the cabin pull the lifting ring upward with a small force, which drives the lever to lift the valve cap and separate it from the valve body, thereby opening the balance valve to equalize the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin so that the hatch can be opened.

[0023] (iv) Locking of the cabin pressure control balance valve:

[0024] When the submersible encounters large waves on the surface and cannot be lifted quickly, the impact of the waves on the valve cap may overcome the pre-compression force provided by the compression spring, causing the valve cap and valve body to fail to seal and resulting in water leakage from the manned cabin. At this time, switching the solenoid reversing valve to the left position allows air to enter through port B and exit through port A of the balance valve. Driven by air pressure, the piston rod receives a large downward thrust, which drives the pull rod to pull the valve cap firmly against the valve body under the action of the lifting ring, ensuring the balance valve seal is reliable and preventing water leakage from the manned cabin. After the submersible is lowered to the deck, before opening the hatch of the manned cabin, the personnel outside the cabin can manually balance the pressure between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere. At this time, the personnel outside the cabin hold the lifting ring and pull upward, which drives the pull rod to lift the valve cap and separate it from the valve body, thereby opening the balance valve to equalize the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin, so as to open the hatch.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention features a compact and reasonable structure, convenient operation, universal interface, and adjustable unloading pressure, making it suitable for various functional types of submersible manned cabins with wide applicability. It also possesses multiple functions such as automatic pressure relief, pressure balancing, and emergency closure, demonstrating strong functionality. Furthermore, it can be controlled through multiple modes, including cabin pressure drive, air pressure drive, and manual operation, ensuring high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is the front view of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control loop of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the valve cap of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the valve cap of the present invention from another perspective.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in its working state (initial off state).

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in its working state (on state).

[0036] The components are: 1. Valve seat; 2. Valve body; 3. Valve body sealing ring; 4. Valve cap; 5. Sealing ring retainer; 6. Valve cap sealing ring; 7. Lifting ring; 8. Pull rod; 9. Locking nut; 10. Piston rod; 11. Cylinder; 12. Compression spring; 13. End cap; 14. Submersible air source; 15. Solenoid directional valve. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] like Figures 1-9 As shown, the multifunctional manned submersible balance valve of this embodiment includes a valve seat 1, on which a valve body 2 is mounted. The valve seat 1 and valve body 2 are mechanically fixed to the mounting support of the manned submersible shell. The valve body 2 is also sealed to the outside of the manned submersible shell by a valve body sealing ring 3. A cylinder 11 is mounted on the valve seat 1 by fasteners. An end cap 13 is mounted on the bottom of the cylinder 11. A piston rod 10 is mounted inside the cylinder 11. A compression spring 12 is fitted on the piston rod 10 inside the cylinder 11. One end of the piston rod 10 extends out of the cylinder 11 and is connected to a pull rod 8 through a locking nut 9. A valve cap 4 is also mounted on the top surface of the valve body 2. A lifting ring 7 is installed after the pull rod 8 passes through the center of the valve cap 4. An air port A is formed at the center of the bottom of the end cap 13. An air port B is formed on one side wall of the cylinder 11. Air ports A and B are connected to a solenoid directional valve 15. The solenoid directional valve 15 is connected to the submersible air source 14.

[0039] The valve seat 1 has flange holes and threaded holes for mating connections.

[0040] The cross-section of valve body 2 is T-shaped, and the interior of valve body 2 is hollow.

[0041] The cylinder block 11 adopts a stepped cylindrical shell.

[0042] Valve cap 4 adopts an integrated structure.

[0043] Valve cap 4 is a frustum-shaped pressure cap with a stepped hole at its center.

[0044] The sealing ring retainer 5 is fixed to the bottom of the valve cap 4 by a threaded connection. The sealing ring retainer 5 and the valve cap 4 form a sealing ring retainer groove, and the valve cap sealing ring 6 is installed in the sealing ring retainer groove.

[0045] The end cap 13 has a threaded hole in the axial direction that connects to the drive air passage.

[0046] The end cap 13 forms a sealed cavity with the cylinder body 11 through threaded connection and O-ring seal.

[0047] The specific structure and function of the multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve described in this invention are as follows:

[0048] It mainly includes: valve seat 1, valve body 2, valve body sealing ring 3, valve cap 4, sealing ring retaining ring 5, valve cap sealing ring 6, lifting ring 7, pull rod 8, locking nut 9, piston rod 10, cylinder body 11, compression spring 12, submersible air source 13, and solenoid directional valve 14.

[0049] Among them, valve seat 1 is the mounting base for the balance valve, and flange holes and threaded holes are respectively opened on valve seat 1 to install corresponding connecting parts; the lower end of valve body 2 has external threads and screws into the upper end of valve seat 1. The two are fixed to the manned cabin shell mounting support of the submersible by mechanical limiting, and valve body sealing ring 3 is set to form a seal with the outside of manned cabin shell to prevent seawater from entering the cabin; cylinder body 11 is a stepped cylindrical shell, and through holes and threaded holes are respectively opened at the upper and lower ends of cylinder body 11. Threaded holes are opened on the side to connect with the drive air circuit. The bottom of cylinder body 11 passes through... The valve seat 1 has a central flange hole, which is fixed to the valve seat 1 by a threaded connection; the piston rod 10 is an integral piston structure, with an external thread at the upper end for connection with the connecting piece, and the lower end is embedded inside the cylinder body 11. The compression spring 10 is sleeved above the piston rod 10 to provide pre-compression force. The end cover 13 forms a sealed cavity with the cylinder body 11 through a threaded connection and an O-ring seal. The end cover has an axial threaded hole for connection with the drive air passage. The piston rod 10 moves axially along the cylinder body 11 under the action of external force and the elastic force of the compression spring 10; the lower end of the pull rod 8 has a... The internal threaded hole is threaded to the upper end of the piston rod 10, and the initial compression height of the compression spring 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the thread engagement length, thereby adjusting the opening pressure of the balance valve. The locking nut 9 is screwed onto the piston rod 10. When the piston rod 10 and the pull rod 8 are adjusted to the set engagement length, the locking nut 9 locks them together. The valve cap 4 is a frustum-shaped pressure cap with a stepped hole in the center, located on the outside of the submersible hull. The upper end of the pull rod 8 passes through the stepped hole in the center of the valve cap 4. The lifting ring 7 is installed above the valve cap 4 and is connected to the pull rod 8 via an internal thread. The upper end of rod 8 is externally threaded, thereby limiting the valve cap 4; the sealing ring retainer 5 is fixed to the lower part of the valve cap 4 by a threaded connection, and the two form a sealing ring retainer groove. The valve cap sealing ring 6 is installed in the retainer groove. When the valve cap 4 contacts the valve body 2 and squeezes the O-ring, it can effectively form a seal, isolating the seawater inside and outside the submersible cabin; the balance valve air port A and air port B are connected to the Y-type three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 15. The solenoid directional valve 15 is connected to the submersible air source 14. The opening and closing of the balance valve can be controlled by switching the solenoid directional valve 15.

[0050] The thread engagement length of the piston rod 10 and the pull rod 8 is adjustable. By changing the engagement length of the two, the automatic opening pressure of the balance valve can be set within the range of 0.02MPa-0.2MPa to be applicable to different cabin environments.

[0051] The balance valve is installed on the top of the manned cabin. When the balance valve is opened, the valve cap 4 is lifted upwards, and the valve body 2 is separated from the valve cap 4. At this time, the air pressure inside the cabin is higher than that outside. The gas inside the cabin enters the valve body through the vent hole at the bottom of the balance valve and then exhausts to the outside through the gap between the valve body 2 and the valve cap 4, thereby achieving cabin pressure balance.

[0052] The valve cap 4 is a frustum-shaped pressure cap with a stepped hole in the center, which can effectively block the seal between the valve body and the valve cap, so as to reduce the risk of leakage caused by the impact of wind and waves on the sealing surface.

[0053] The electromagnetic reversing valve 15 is in the neutral position under normal conditions. Both the air port A and air port B of the balance valve are connected to the cabin environment. The opening of the balance valve is not affected by the air pressure in the control air circuit. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the manned cabin is greater than the set value (within 0.2MPa), the balance valve can be opened automatically and closed after the pressure difference drops to the set value to prevent the hull from being damaged due to excessive internal pressure.

[0054] The electromagnetic reversing valve 15 adopts a Y-type function. When the reversing valve is in the neutral position, the air outlet is connected to the normal pressure environment inside the chamber. The extension and retraction of the lever 10 will not cause changes in the air pressure inside the cylinder, ensuring that the lever 10 can extend and retract freely when subjected to external force.

[0055] Once the submersible surfaces, the electromagnetic reversing valve inside the cabin can be switched to the right position to open the balance valve driven by the submersible's air source 14, thereby achieving pressure balance between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere. This improves the comfort of the crew and reduces the difficulty and risk of opening the hatch.

[0056] When the submersible is balanced with the outside world on the water surface, and encounters large waves that prevent it from being lifted off the sea surface quickly, the balance valve may leak due to the impact of the waves. At this time, the balance valve can be reliably closed by switching the electromagnetic reversing valve to the left position, so that the submersible air source 14 (air pressure up to 30MPa) can drive the balance valve to close reliably, thus avoiding the leakage of the balance valve and ensuring the safety of the cabin.

[0057] After the submersible is lowered onto the deck, before opening the hatch cover of the manned cabin, the personnel outside the cabin can manually lift the lifting ring 7 to open the balance valve, thereby equalizing the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin so that the hatch cover can be opened.

[0058] The working principle and process of this invention:

[0059] The pressure inside the submersible increases significantly under the following circumstances: After prolonged underwater operation (more than 2 hours), the temperature inside the submersible is low (below approximately 10°C), and upon surfacing, the temperature rises rapidly (up to 40°C), resulting in a significant increase in pressure (up to 1.15 times); In an emergency requiring semi-closed breathing, high-pressure air is supplied to personnel through the semi-closed breathing apparatus, causing a rapid increase in gas and a rapid rise in pressure (for example, in one submersible, the pressure rose to approximately 0.5 MPa after 30 minutes); Furthermore, leaks in the internal gas lines, docking, and refueling can also cause an increase in pressure inside the submersible.

[0060] (a) Automatic depressurization when cabin over-tolerance occurs:

[0061] In the initial state, the solenoid directional valve 15 is in the neutral position, the compression spring 10 is in the pre-compression state, and the provided rebound force (about 50N) pushes the piston rod 10 down to the end of the stroke. The piston rod 10 drives the pull rod 8 to pull the valve cap 4 down. The valve cap 4 contacts the valve body 2 and squeezes the valve cap sealing ring 6 to form a seal, so that the balance valve is in the closed state. When the pressure inside the submersible increases due to the above factors, and the pressure inside the submersible is higher than the external pressure after the submersible rises to the surface, the valve cap 4 is subjected to an upward thrust caused by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the manned cabin and a downward rebound force transmitted by the compression spring 12 through the piston rod 10 and the pull rod 8. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin reaches the set safety value (within 0.2MPa), the thrust on the valve cap 4 is greater than the downward rebound force provided by the compression spring 12. The valve cap 4 lifts up and separates from the valve body 2, and drives the pull rod 8 and the piston rod 10 to extend upward. The balance valve opens, and the gas inside the cabin enters the valve body through the vent at the bottom of the balance valve and is exhausted to the outside along the gap between the valve body 2 and the valve cap 4. After the gas pressure inside the cabin decreases and the pressure difference with the outside is less than the set safety value, the thrust on the valve cap 4 is less than the downward rebound force provided by the compression spring 12. The valve cap 4 falls back down and sticks tightly to the valve body 2. The balance valve closes again. Through this automatic pressure relief working mode, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the manned cabin can be kept within a safe range, protecting the safety of the cabin.

[0062] (ii) The cabin pressure control balance valve is opened:

[0063] When the submersible surfaces and the internal air pressure rises below the set value of the balance valve, the pressure inside the cabin can be balanced with the external pressure by controlling the opening of the balance valve through the internal air pressure. This reduces the difficulty and risk of opening the hatch cover and improves the comfort of the personnel inside the cabin. At this time, the electromagnetic reversing valve is switched to the right position, allowing air to enter through port A and exit through port B of the balance valve. Driven by the air pressure (up to 30MPa), the piston rod 10 receives a large upward thrust, overcoming the rebound force of the compression spring 12 and extending upward. This pushes the pull rod 8 to lift the valve cap 4 and separate it from the valve body 2, thus opening the balance valve and achieving pressure balance between the inside and outside of the cabin.

[0064] (III) Manual control of the balance valve opening from outside the cabin:

[0065] After the submersible is lowered onto the deck, before opening the hatch of the manned cabin, the personnel outside the cabin can manually equalize the pressure between the cabin and the outside atmosphere to reduce the difficulty and risk of opening the hatch. At this time, the personnel outside the cabin pull the lifting ring 7 upward with a small force (no more than 50N), which drives the lever 8 to lift the valve cap 4 and separate it from the valve body 2, thereby opening the balancing valve to equalize the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin, so that the hatch can be opened.

[0066] (iv) Locking of the cabin pressure control balance valve:

[0067] When the submersible encounters large waves on the surface and cannot be lifted quickly, the impact of the waves on the valve cap 4 may overcome the pre-compression force provided by the compression spring 10, causing the valve cap 4 and valve body 2 to fail to seal, resulting in water leakage from the manned cabin. At this time, the electromagnetic reversing valve is switched to the left position, allowing air to enter through port B of the balance valve and exhaust through port A. Under the drive of air pressure, the piston rod 10 is subjected to a large downward thrust (up to 10,000 N), which drives the pull rod 8 to pull the valve cap 4 firmly against the valve body 2 under the action of the lifting ring 7, ensuring the reliable sealing of the balance valve and preventing water leakage from the manned cabin. After the submersible is lowered to the deck, before opening the hatch cover of the manned cabin, the personnel outside the cabin can also manually achieve pressure balance between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere. At this time, the personnel outside the cabin hold the lifting ring 7 and pull it upward, which drives the pull rod 8 to lift the valve cap 4 and separate it from the valve body 2, thereby opening the balance valve to equalize the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin, so as to open the hatch cover.

[0068] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve, characterized in that: Includes a valve seat (1), on which a valve body (2) is fitted. The valve seat (1) and valve body (2) are mechanically fixed to the mounting bracket of the submersible manned cabin shell. The valve body (2) also forms a seal with the outside of the manned cabin shell through a valve body sealing ring (3). A cylinder (11) is installed on the valve seat (1) by fasteners. An end cap (13) is fitted at the bottom of the cylinder (11). A piston rod (10) is fitted inside the cylinder (11). The piston rod (10) located inside the cylinder (11) is... 0) A compression spring (12) is fitted on the top, and one end of the piston rod (10) extends out of the cylinder (11) and is connected to the pull rod (8) through the locking nut (9). A valve cap (4) is also installed on the top surface of the valve body (2). The pull rod (8) passes through the center of the valve cap (4) and then a lifting ring (7) is installed. An air port A is formed at the bottom center of the end cap (13), and an air port B is formed on one side wall of the cylinder body (11). Air ports A and B are connected to the solenoid reversing valve (15), which is connected to the submersible air source (14).

2. The multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The valve seat (1) has a flange hole and a threaded hole for mating connection.

3. The multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The valve body (2) has a "T" shaped cross section and is hollow inside.

4. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder body (11) adopts a stepped cylindrical shell.

5. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The valve cap (4) adopts an integrated structure.

6. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The valve cap (4) is a frustum-shaped pressure cap with a stepped hole in the center.

7. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing ring retainer (5) is fixed to the bottom of the valve cap (4) by a threaded connection. The sealing ring retainer (5) and the valve cap (4) form a sealing ring groove, and the valve cap sealing ring (6) is installed in the sealing ring groove.

8. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The end cap (13) is provided with a threaded hole in the axial direction for connection with the drive air passage.

9. A multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The end cap (13) forms a sealed cavity with the cylinder body (11) through a threaded connection and an O-ring seal.

10. A method for operating the multifunctional manned submersible cabin balance valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The following procedures are included: (a) Automatic depressurization when cabin pressure exceeds tolerance: In the initial state, the electromagnetic reversing valve (15) is in the neutral position, and the compression spring (12) is in the pre-compression state, providing a rebound force and pushing the piston rod (10) downward to the end of its stroke. The piston rod (10) drives the pull rod (8) to pull the valve cap (4) downward. The valve cap (4) contacts the valve body (2) and squeezes the valve cap sealing ring (6) to form a seal, so that the balance valve is in the closed state. When the pressure inside the submersible increases due to the above factors, and the pressure inside the submersible is higher than the external environmental pressure after the submersible floats to the surface, the valve cap (4) is subjected to the upward thrust caused by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the manned cabin and the compression spring (12) transmitted through the piston rod (10) and the pull rod (8). When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin reaches the set safety value, the thrust on the valve cap (4) is greater than the downward rebound force provided by the compression spring (12), the valve cap (4) is lifted up and separated from the valve body (2), and the pull rod (8) and piston rod (10) extend upward, the balance valve opens, the gas in the cabin enters the interior of the valve body (2) through the vent hole at the bottom of the balance valve, and exhausts gas to the outside along the gap between the valve body (2) and the valve cap (4). After the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin decreases and is less than the set safety value, the thrust on the valve cap (4) is less than the downward rebound force provided by the compression spring (12), the valve cap (4) falls back down and sticks to the valve body (2), and the balance valve closes again. (ii) The cabin pressure control balance valve is opened: When the submersible rises to the surface of the water, and the air pressure inside the cabin rises below the set value of the balance valve, the pressure in the manned cabin can be balanced with the external pressure by controlling the opening of the balance valve through the air pressure inside the cabin. At this time, the electromagnetic reversing valve (15) is switched to the right position, so that the air inlet A of the balance valve is inlet and the air outlet B is outlet. Under the drive of air pressure, the piston rod (10) is subjected to a large upward thrust, which overcomes the rebound force of the compression spring (12) and extends upward, thereby pushing the pull rod (8) to lift the valve cap (4) and separate it from the valve body (2). The balance valve opens to achieve pressure balance inside and outside the manned cabin. (III) Manual control of the balance valve opening from outside the cabin: After the submersible is lowered to the deck, before opening the hatch of the manned cabin, the crew outside the cabin manually balances the pressure between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere. At this time, the crew outside the cabin pulls the lifting ring (7) upward with a small force, which drives the pull rod (8) to lift the valve cap (4) and separate it from the valve body (2), thereby opening the balance valve to equalize the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin so that the hatch can be opened. (iv) Locking of the cabin pressure control balance valve: When the submersible encounters large waves on the water surface and cannot be lifted quickly, the large impact of the waves on the valve cap (4) may overcome the pre-compression force provided by the compression spring (12), causing the seal between the valve cap (4) and the valve body (2) to fail, resulting in water leakage from the manned cabin. At this time, switch the electromagnetic reversing valve (15) to the left position, so that air enters through the balance valve port B and exhausts through the air port A. Under the drive of air pressure, the piston rod (10) is subjected to a large downward thrust, which drives the pull rod (8) to pull the valve cap (4) firmly under the action of the lifting ring (7). It is attached to the valve body (2) to ensure that the balance valve is sealed reliably and to prevent water leakage from the manned cabin. After the submersible is hoisted to the deck, before the crew opens the hatch cover of the manned cabin, the crew can manually balance the pressure between the manned cabin and the outside atmosphere. At this time, the crew holds the lifting ring (7) and pulls it upward to drive the lever (8) to lift the valve cap (4) and separate it from the valve body (2), thereby opening the balance valve to balance the pressure inside and outside the manned cabin so as to open the hatch cover.

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