Modular hybrid switched capacitor dc power supply

Abstract

This invention provides a modular hybrid switched-capacitor DC power supply, comprising n-1 five-port modules and one four-port sub-module. Each five-port module includes three switching transistors, two capacitors, and one inductor. The three-port sub-module includes two switching transistors, one capacitor, and one inductor. The sub-modules are connected in series via input ports and in parallel via output ports to form a DC power supply with high-voltage input and low-voltage, high-current output. This hybrid switched-capacitor DC power supply achieves pre-charging of capacitors in the converter in a simple manner, reduces voltage stress during transistor startup and operation, has a wider voltage output range, improves the transient response of the converter, and can be flexibly expanded according to voltage level requirements. It is suitable for DC power supply applications requiring high buck ratios and high current output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply. Background Technology

[0002] Non-isolated buck DC-DC converters are widely used in various electronic devices such as mobile phones, smartwatches, and data centers. However, with the increasing demands for efficiency and power density in practical applications, traditional synchronous Buck converters have gradually become unable to meet the requirements. Therefore, hybrid switched capacitor converters, which can reduce device electrical stress and thus improve efficiency and power density, have attracted widespread attention.

[0003] Compared to synchronous rectifier Buck converters, series capacitor Buck converters (SCBs) described in existing literature, such as "A Regulated 24V-to-1V Series-Capacitor Buck Converter with Coupled-Inductor for Point-of-Load Applications in Data Centers (IECON, 2022)", experience uneven voltage stress on the devices. Furthermore, during normal operation, the duty cycle cannot exceed 50%, otherwise overvoltage damage to the low-side synchronous rectifier diodes will occur. This limits the topology's output voltage range and transient response speed. Additionally, during power-up, the high-side switch of the converter typically experiences significant voltage stress because the voltage across the series capacitors has not yet been established.

[0004] The paper "A12V / 24V-to-1V DSD Power Converter with 56mV Droop and 0.9μs 1% Setting Time for a 3A / 20ns Load Transient" (ISSCC, 2022) proposes a structurally improved series capacitor Buck converter. Although the duty cycle of one branch in the converter is allowed to be greater than 50% during load shedding, the duty cycle must still be less than 50% during steady-state operation to prevent damage to the synchronous rectifier tube.

[0005] In summary, existing hybrid switched capacitor DC power supplies still subject the switching transistors to significant voltage stress during startup, and the voltage stress on the switching transistors is not balanced during steady-state operation. Furthermore, there is a limitation on the duty cycle, which restricts the output voltage range and transient response, requiring further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above, in order to solve the problems of difficult start-up, limited output voltage range and transient response in the prior art, the present invention provides a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply. Through the improvement of the circuit structure, the power supply can realize the pre-charging of the capacitor in the power supply, while reducing the voltage stress of all power transistors, widening the output voltage range, and improving dynamic response. It is suitable for DC power supply applications with high efficiency and high power density requirements.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply includes: n sub-modules, wherein the n sub-modules include n-1 five-port modules and 1 four-port module, where n is an integer and n≥2;

[0009] The five-port module includes five ports, three switching transistors, two capacitors, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the five-port module is as follows: the first port a of the five-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the second capacitor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b of the five-port module are connected together; the other end of the second capacitor, the drain of the third switching transistor, and one end of the first inductor are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c of the five-port module; the source of the third switching transistor and the fourth port d of the five-port module are connected together; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fifth port e of the five-port module.

[0010] The four-port module includes four ports, two switching transistors, one capacitor, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the four-port module is as follows: the first port a' of the four-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c' of the four-port module; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fourth port d' of the four-port module.

[0011] The second port b of the i-th five-port module, the first port a of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module, and the fifth port e of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module are connected together, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1; the second port b of the (n-1)-th five-port module, the first port a' of the four-port module, and the fourth port d' of the four-port module are connected together; the third ports c of all five-port modules and the third ports c' of the four-port modules are connected together and serve as the positive terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply; the second port b' of the four-port module and the fourth ports d of all five-port modules are connected together and serve as the negative terminal of the load of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply.

[0012] The first port a of the first five-port module and the fifth port e of the first five-port module are connected to the positive terminal of the external input source. The fourth port d of all five-port modules and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected to the negative terminal of the external input source.

[0013] The present invention also provides another modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply, which includes: n-1 five-port modules and 1 four-port module, where n is an integer and n≥2;

[0014] The five-port module includes five ports, three switching transistors, two capacitors, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the five-port module is as follows: the first port a of the five-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the second capacitor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b of the five-port module are connected together; the other end of the second capacitor, the drain of the third switching transistor, and one end of the first inductor are connected together; the other end of the first inductor and the third port c of the five-port module are connected together; the source of the third switching transistor is connected to the fourth port d of the five-port module; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fifth port e of the five-port module.

[0015] The four-port module includes four ports, two switching transistors, one capacitor, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the four-port module is as follows: the first port a' of the four-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c' of the four-port module; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fourth port d' of the four-port module.

[0016] The second port b of the i-th five-port module is connected to the first port a of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module, where i is an integer and n-2 ≥ i ≥ 1; the second port b of the (n-1)-th five-port module is connected to the first port a' of the four-port module; the third ports c of all five-port modules and the third ports c' of the four-port modules are connected together and serve as the positive terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply; the second port b' of the four-port module and the fourth port d of all five-port modules are connected together and serve as the negative terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply.

[0017] The first port a of the first five-port module, the fifth port e of all five-port modules, and the fourth port d' of the four-port module are connected to the positive terminal of the external input source. The fourth port d of all five-port modules and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected to the negative terminal of the external input source.

[0018] Preferably, the inductors in any two adjacent sub-modules of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply are reverse-coupled to each other.

[0019] Preferably, when the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply is operating in steady state, the first and third switching transistors in the same five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first and second switching transistors in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals.

[0020] Preferably, the phase difference between the drive signal of the first switch and the drive signal of the second switch in the same five-port module is 360° / k, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. More preferably, the phase difference between the drive signal of the first switch and the drive signal of the second switch in the same five-port module is 180°.

[0021] Preferably, the phase of the driving signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module is the same as the phase of the driving signal of the second switch in the i-th five-port module, and the driving signal of the second switch in the (n-1)th five-port module is the same as the driving signal of the first switch in the four-port module, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1.

[0022] Preferably, when the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply is operating in steady state, the first switch and the second and third switches in the five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first switch and the second switch in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals.

[0023] Preferably, the drive signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module differs from the drive signal of the first switch in the i-th five-port module by 360° / k, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the drive signal of the first switch in the (n-1)th five-port module differs from the drive signal of the first switch in the four-port module by 360° / k, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1.

[0024] Preferably, the drive signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module is 180° different from the drive signal of the first switch in the i-th five-port module, and the drive signal of the first switch in the (n-1)th five-port module is 180° different from the drive signal of the first switch in the four-port module, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1.

[0025] Preferably, when the power supply is powered on or in standby mode, all switching transistors are turned off, and current flows through the positive terminal of the input source, the first capacitor of each five-port module, the body diode of the second switching transistor, the second capacitor, the first inductor, the load, and the negative terminal of the input source, thereby pre-charging the capacitors in the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply.

[0026] Based on the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] (1) The power supply has a modular design, and the number of modules can be adjusted according to the input voltage level, which is highly flexible and expandable.

[0028] (2) When the power supply is working, the voltage stress of all switching transistors is half of the input voltage. Therefore, all switching transistors can use devices with lower voltage stress, thereby achieving higher efficiency and power density.

[0029] (3) When the power supply is working, the conduction time of the first switching transistor in all modules can be greater than half of the switching cycle, which also allows all inductors in the power supply to be charged by the input source at the same time, thus having a wider output voltage range and a faster load response speed.

[0030] (4) During the power-on process or in standby mode, the power supply can precharge the first and second capacitors in all modules by the input source when all switching transistors are off, which is simple to implement. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of a five-port submodule in a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a topology diagram of a four-port submodule in a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method of the first embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method of the second embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method of the third embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method of the fourth embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9A modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention has 3 sub-modules;

[0040] Figure 10 In another embodiment of the present invention, a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply has 3 sub-modules.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention within one switching cycle.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to one embodiment of the present invention within one switching cycle, representing another embodiment of the power supply.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the working modes of a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply during power-on and standby processes according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To more clearly demonstrate the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific power supply embodiments. The technical features of each embodiment in the present invention can be combined accordingly, provided there are no mutual conflicts.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of a five-port submodule in a hybrid switched-capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention. It includes five ports, three switching transistors, two capacitors, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the module is as follows: the first port a of the five-port module is connected to the first switching transistor S... Q1 The drains of the first switching transistor S are connected. Q1 The source, the second capacitor C Q2 One end and the second switch S Q2 The drains are connected in common, and the second switching transistor S Q2 The source, the first capacitor C Q1 One end of the capacitor is connected to the second port b of the five-port module, and the second capacitor C is connected to the second port b of the five-port module. Q2 The other end, the third switch S Q3 The drain and the first inductor L Q1 One end is connected to the first inductor L Q1 The other end is connected to the third port c of the five-port module, the source of the third switch is connected to the fourth port d of the five-port module, and the first capacitor C... Q1 The other end is connected to the fifth port e of the five-port module.

[0046] Figure 2This is a topology diagram of a four-port submodule in a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention. It includes four ports, two switching transistors, one capacitor, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the module is as follows: the first port a' of the four-port module and the first switching transistor S... T1 The drains of the first switching transistor S are connected. T1 The source, the first inductor L T1 one end and the second switch S T2 The drains are connected in common, and the second switching transistor S T2 The source, the first capacitor C T1 One end of the first inductor L is connected to the second port b' of the four-port module. T1 The other end is connected to the third port c' of the four-port module, and the first capacitor C T1 One end is connected to the fourth port d' of the four-port module.

[0047] Figure 3 The following is a block diagram of a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The connection relationship between the input source and each sub-module is as follows: the first port of the first five-port module and the fifth port of the first five-port module are connected to the positive terminal of the input source, and the second port of the four-port module and the fourth port of all five-port modules are connected to the negative terminal of the input source.

[0048] The connection relationships between each submodule and between the module and the load are as follows: the second port of the i-th five-port module, the first port of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module, and the fifth port of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module are connected together, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1; the second port of the n-1-th five-port module, the first port of the four-port module, and the fourth port of the four-port module are connected together; the third port of all submodules (five-port modules and four-port modules) is connected to the positive terminal of the load; the second port of the four-port module and the fourth port of all five-port modules are connected to the negative terminal of the load.

[0049] Figure 4 The following is a block diagram of a hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The connection relationship between the input source and each sub-module is as follows: the first port of the first five-port module, the fifth port of all five-port modules, and the fourth port of the four-port module are connected to the positive terminal of the input source. The second port of the four-port module and the fourth port of all five-port modules are connected to the negative terminal of the input source.

[0050] The connection relationships between the sub-modules and between the modules and the load are as follows: the second port of the i-th five-port module is connected to the first port of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1; the second port of the (n-1)-th five-port module is connected to the first port of the four-port module; the third port of all sub-modules (five-port modules and four-port modules) is connected to the positive terminal of the load; and the second port of the four-port module and the fourth port of all five-port modules are connected to the negative terminal of the load.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method in the first embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention. In the first embodiment, the first and second switches in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first and third switches in the five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals. Furthermore, the drive signal of the first switch in the five-port module differs from the drive signal of the second switch by 180°. The phase relationship of the switch drive signals between sub-modules is as follows: the phase of the drive signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module is the same as the phase of the drive signal of the second switch in the i-th five-port module; the drive signal of the first switch in the three-port sub-module is the same as the drive signal of the second switch in the (n-1)th four-port sub-module, where i is an integer and n-2 ≥ i ≥ 1.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method in the second embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the first and second switches in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first and third switches in the five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals. The drive signal of the first switch in the five-port module differs from the drive signal of the second switch by 360° / k, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. The phase relationship of the switch drive signals between sub-modules is as follows: the phase of the drive signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module is the same as the phase of the drive signal of the second switch in the ith five-port module; the drive signal of the first switch in the three-port sub-module is the same as the drive signal of the second switch in the (n-1)th four-port sub-module, where i is an integer and n-2 ≥ i ≥ 1.

[0053] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method in the third embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the first and second switching transistors in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first, second, and third switching transistors in the five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals. The phase relationship of the switching transistor driving signals between the sub-modules is as follows: the phase of the driving signal of the first switching transistor in the (i+1)th five-port module is 180° different from the phase of the driving signal of the first switching transistor in the i-th five-port module, and the phase difference of the driving signal of the first switching transistor in the three-port sub-module is 180° different from the phase of the driving signal of the second switching transistor in the (n-1)th four-port sub-module, where i is an integer and n-2 ≥ i ≥ 1.

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method in the fourth embodiment of the hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, the first and second switching transistors in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first, second, and third switching transistors in the five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals. The phase relationship of the switching transistor driving signals between the sub-modules is as follows: the phase of the driving signal of the first switching transistor in the (i+1)th five-port module is 180° different from the phase of the driving signal of the first switching transistor in the i-th five-port module, and the phase difference of the driving signal of the first switching transistor in the three-port sub-module is 180° different from the phase of the driving signal of the second switching transistor in the (n-1)th four-port sub-module, where i is an integer and n-2 ≥ i ≥ 1.

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply, which is an option of the present invention, and has 3 sub-modules.

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply, which is an option of the present invention. The number of sub-modules is 3, and the inductors of the two sub-modules are in reverse coupled.

[0057] Figure 11 A two-submodule hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 5The modulation scheme shown is a schematic diagram of the operating modes within one switching cycle. In the first operating mode, the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module and ST2 of the four-port module are turned on, while the remaining switches are turned off. At this time, there are two currents in the power supply: one current flows through the positive input bus, the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module, the second capacitor CQ2 of the five-port module, the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module, the load, and the negative input bus; the other current flows through the second switch ST2 of the four-port module, the second inductor LT2, and the load. In the second operating mode, the third switch SQ3 of the five-port module and the second switch ST2 of the four-port module are turned on, while the remaining switches are turned off. At this time, there are two currents in the power supply: one flows through the positive input bus, the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module, the second capacitor CQ2 of the five-port module, the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module, the load, and the negative input bus; the other current flows through the second switch ST2 of the four-port module, the second inductor LT2, and the load. The third switch SQ3 of the block, the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module, and the load are connected in one path, while the other path flows through the second switch ST2 of the five-port module, the first inductor LT1, and the load. In the third operating mode, the second switch SQ2 and the third switch SQ3 of the five-port module and the first switch ST1 of the four-port module are turned on, while the other switches are turned off. The current flows through the third switch SQ3 of the five-port module and then splits into two paths: one path flows through the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module and the load, and the other path flows through the second capacitor CQ2 of the five-port module, the second switch SQ2 of the five-port module, the first switch ST1 of the four-port module, the first inductor LT1 of the four-port module, and the load. The fourth operating mode is the same as the second operating mode.

[0058] Figure 12 A two-submodule hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 7The modulation scheme shown is a schematic diagram of the operating modes within one switching cycle. In the first operating mode, the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module and ST2 of the four-port module are turned on, while the remaining switches are turned off. At this time, there are two currents in the power supply. One current flows through the positive bus of the input source, the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module, the second capacitor CQ2 of the five-port module, the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module, the load, and the negative bus of the input source. The other current flows through the second switch ST2 of the four-port module, the second inductor LT2, and the load. In the second operating mode, the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module and the first switch ST1 of the four-port module are turned on, while the remaining switches are turned off. At this time, the current flows through the positive bus of the input source and then splits into two paths. One path flows through the first switch SQ1 of the five-port module. The second capacitor CQ2 of the five-port module, the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module, the load to the negative power bus, and another path flows through the first capacitor CQ1 of the five-port module, the first switch ST1 of the four-port module, the first inductor LT1 of the four-port module, and the load to the negative power bus. In the third operating mode, the second switch SQ2 and the third switch SQ3 of the five-port module and the first switch ST1 of the four-port module are turned on, and the other switches are turned off. The current flows through the third switch SQ3 of the five-port module and then splits into two paths. One path flows through the first inductor LQ1 of the five-port module and the load, and the other path flows through the second capacitor CQ2 of the five-port module, the second switch SQ2 of the five-port module, the first switch ST1 of the four-port module, the first inductor LT1 of the four-port module, and the load.

[0059] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply in the first embodiment of the present invention during power-on and standby. At this time, all switching transistors are turned off, and the current flows through the positive terminal of the input source and the first capacitor CQ1 of the five-port module and then splits into two paths. One path flows through the body diode of the second switching transistor SQ2 of the five-port module, the second capacitor CQ2, the first inductor LQ1, the load, and the negative terminal of the input source. The other path flows through the first capacitor CT1 of the four-port module, realizing the pre-charging of the capacitors in the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply.

[0060] The following will combine Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the modular hybrid switched-capacitor DC power supply shown illustrates the advantages of this invention through theoretical analysis. For traditional Buck converters, the power transistor withstand voltage is the same as the input voltage. However, for the DC power supply described in this invention, it can be proven from the capacitor charge-discharge balance and inductor volt-second balance that, during steady-state operation, the steady-state voltage across all capacitors in the power supply is half the input voltage. Furthermore, according to… Figure 10 and Figure 11The operating mode analysis shown shows that the voltage stress of all power transistors when turned off is also half of the input voltage. Therefore, compared with traditional synchronous Buck converters, switching transistors with lower voltage stress can be used, thereby improving the system efficiency and power density.

[0061] Moreover, the power supply described in this invention can precharge the capacitor without the switching transistor operating at the moment of power-on, which is simpler to implement. In contrast, in a traditional series capacitor Buck converter, if the switching transistor does not operate, the capacitor cannot be precharged. However, before the converter starts, the drive sections of all floating switching transistors also lack energy and cannot operate. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to solve the problem of power supply for the floating switching transistors before startup.

[0062] Furthermore, in traditional series capacitor Buck converters, the duty cycle of the floating switch cannot exceed 50% during operation, otherwise it will cause overvoltage of the synchronous rectifier switch. However, in the power supply described in this invention, the first switch of each submodule can operate with a duty cycle greater than 50%. At the same time, thanks to the presence of the first capacitor, overvoltage of the switch will not occur, thus providing a wider voltage regulation range and better dynamic response.

[0063] The above examples specifically illustrate and describe exemplary implementations of the present invention. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand and apply it. The present invention is not limited to the detailed structures, configuration methods, or implementations described herein. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to the above embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features of the present invention, or apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative effort. All modifications, improvements, or equivalent substitutions of the technical features of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply, characterized in that... include: There are n sub-modules, including n-1 five-port modules and 1 four-port module, where n is an integer and n≥2; The five-port module includes five ports, three switching transistors, two capacitors, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the five-port module is as follows: the first port a of the five-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the second capacitor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b of the five-port module are connected together; the other end of the second capacitor, the drain of the third switching transistor, and one end of the first inductor are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c of the five-port module; the source of the third switching transistor and the fourth port d of the five-port module are connected together; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fifth port e of the five-port module. The four-port module includes four ports, two switching transistors, one capacitor, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the four-port module is as follows: the first port a' of the four-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c' of the four-port module; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fourth port d' of the four-port module. The second port b of the i-th five-port module, the first port a of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module, and the fifth port e of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module are connected together, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1; the second port b of the (n-1)-th five-port module, the first port a' of the four-port module, and the fourth port d' of the four-port module are connected together; the third ports c of all five-port modules and the third ports c' of the four-port modules are connected together and serve as the positive terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply; the second port b' of the four-port module and the fourth ports d of all five-port modules are connected together and serve as the negative terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply. The first port a of the first five-port module and the fifth port e of the first five-port module are connected to the positive terminal of the external input source. The second port b' of the four-port module and the fourth port d of all five-port modules are connected to the negative terminal of the external input source.

2. A modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply, characterized in that... include: There are n sub-modules, including n-1 five-port modules and 1 four-port module, where n is an integer and n≥2; The five-port module includes five ports, three switching transistors, two capacitors, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the five-port module is as follows: the first port a of the five-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the second capacitor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b of the five-port module are connected together; the other end of the second capacitor, the drain of the third switching transistor, and one end of the first inductor are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c of the five-port module; the source of the third switching transistor is connected to the fourth port d of the five-port module; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fifth port e of the five-port module. The four-port module includes four ports, two switching transistors, one capacitor, and one inductor. The internal connection relationship of the four-port module is as follows: the first port a' of the four-port module is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor; the source of the first switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the second switching transistor are connected together; the source of the second switching transistor, one end of the first capacitor, and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected together; the other end of the first inductor is connected to the third port c' of the four-port module; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the fourth port d' of the four-port module. The second port b of the i-th five-port module is connected to the first port a of the adjacent (i+1)-th five-port module, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1; the second port b of the (n-1)-th five-port module is connected to the first port a' of the four-port module; the third ports c of all five-port modules and the third port c' of the four-port module are connected together and serve as the positive terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply; the second port b' of the four-port module and the fourth port d of all five-port modules are connected together and serve as the negative terminal of the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply. The first port a of the first five-port module, the fifth port e of all five-port modules, and the fourth port d' of the four-port module are connected to the positive terminal of the external input source. The fourth port d of all five-port modules and the second port b' of the four-port module are connected to the negative terminal of the external input source.

3. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The inductors in any two adjacent submodules are reverse-coupled to each other.

4. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In steady-state operation, the first and second switches in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first and third switches in the same five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals.

5. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that, The phase difference between the drive signal of the first switch and the drive signal of the second switch in the same five-port module is 360° / k, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

6. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, The phase of the driving signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module is the same as the phase of the driving signal of the second switch in the i-th five-port module, and the driving signal of the first switch in the four-port submodule is the same as the driving signal of the second switch in the (n-1)th five-port submodule, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1.

7. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In steady-state operation, the first and second switches in the four-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals, and the first, second, and third switches in the five-port module are driven by a pair of complementary signals.

8. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th four-port module is 180° different from the drive signal of the first switch in the i-th four-port module, and the drive signal of the first switch in the three-port module is 180° different from the drive signal of the first switch in the (n-1)th four-port module, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1.

9. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive signal of the first switch in the (i+1)th five-port module differs from the drive signal of the first switch in the i-th five-port module by 360° / k, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. The drive signal of the first switch in the four-port module differs from the drive signal of the first switch in the (n-1)th five-port module by 360° / k, where i is an integer and n-2≥i≥1.

10. The modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When the power supply is powered on or in standby mode, all switching transistors are turned off, and current flows through the positive terminal of the input source, the first capacitor of each four-port module, the body diode of the second switching transistor, the second capacitor, the first inductor, the load, and the negative terminal of the input source, thereby pre-charging the capacitors in the modular hybrid switched capacitor DC power supply.

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