A wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the field of antennas. A feeding network is fixed inside a cavity; some dielectric screws are connected to a parasitic plate, two radiating plates, and a cavity; some dielectric screws are connected to a parasitic plate, a guide ring, an upper radiating plate, and a cavity. A metal gasket is located between the two radiating plates; another metal gasket is located between the upper radiating plate and the parasitic plate. A short-circuit nail is connected to the parasitic plate, two metal gaskets, two radiating plates, and a cavity; a feeding probe is connected to the two radiating plates and a feeding network, respectively. The invention improves the boundary conditions of a 45° azimuth plane in a high-frequency band, optimizes the ‑1dBiC beam width and axial ratio of the 45° azimuth plane in a high-frequency band, and effectively widens the ‑1dBiC beam width. The wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna achieves a ‑1dBiC beam width greater than ±60° and a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60° in the full frequency band, thereby improving the anti-multipath capability of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the global satellite navigation system, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antennas are required to be compatible with more navigation frequency bands and have wider beams to receive more navigation signals.

[0003] At present, it is difficult for existing GNSS positioning antennas to achieve -1dBiC beam width greater than ±60° and 5dB axis ratio angle greater than ±60° in all navigation frequency bands, that is, within 1.1GHz to 1.7GHz. And with the improvement of positioning accuracy, GNSS positioning antennas need to have anti-multipath capabilities. Existing technologies use chokes to achieve anti-multipath capabilities, but the addition of chokes will cause the weight and volume of the antenna to increase significantly, and the cost will also increase indirectly.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an antenna that can achieve a -1dBiC beamwidth greater than ±60° and a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60° in all navigation frequency bands, and has anti-multipath capability without adding a choke. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, which can better solve the above technical problems.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna, which comprises: a plurality of feeding probes, a plurality of dielectric screws, a short-circuit nail, a metal gasket, a metal gasket, and a cavity, a feeding network, a radiating plate, a radiating plate, a guide ring, and a parasitic plate distributed from bottom to top;

[0007] The feeding network is fixed inside the cavity;

[0008] A short-circuit nail hole is provided at the geometric center position of each of the radiation sheets;

[0009] One end of the first part of the dielectric screws among the plurality of dielectric screws is fixedly connected to the parasitic sheet, and the other end thereof passes through the through hole of the radiation sheet, and the through hole of the radiation sheet is fixedly connected to the cavity;

[0010] One end of the second part of the dielectric screws among the plurality of dielectric screws is fixedly connected to the parasitic sheet, and the other end thereof passes through the through hole of the guide ring and the through hole of the radiation sheet and is fixedly connected to the cavity;

[0011] The metal gasket is located between the radiation plate and the radiation plate; the metal gasket is located between the radiation plate and the parasitic plate;

[0012] One end of the short-circuit nail is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate, and the other end passes through the short-circuit nail hole of the metal gasket, the short-circuit nail hole of the metal gasket, the radiation plate, the short-circuit nail hole of the radiation plate and is fixedly connected to the cavity;

[0013] One end of each feeding probe is fixedly connected to the radiation sheet, and the other end passes through the through hole of the radiation sheet and the feeding hole of the radiation sheet and is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the feeding network;

[0014] Among them, there is a first preset height between the radiation plate and the cavity, a second preset height between the radiation plate and the guide ring, a third preset height between the radiation plate and the radiation plate, a fourth preset height between the guide ring and the parasitic plate, and a fifth preset height between the radiation plate and the parasitic plate.

[0015] Optionally, the feeding probe comprises: a rod body and a nut;

[0016] The top and middle of the rod body are provided with threads, the middle of the feeding probe is threadedly fixed to the threaded feeding hole at the corresponding position of the radiating plate, the radiating plate is drilled with a hole corresponding to the position where the feeding probe passes through, and is fixed by the nut.

[0017] Optionally, a first protrusion is provided below the top thread of the rod body, and a second protrusion is provided above the middle thread of the rod body;

[0018] When the feeding probe is fixed to the radiating plate, the radiating plate is located below the second protrusion.

[0019] Optionally, the first protrusion is a circular body; the second protrusion is a hexagonal body.

[0020] Optionally, a side of the radiation sheet facing the feeding network is provided with a square frame-shaped protrusion;

[0021] The position of the square frame-shaped protrusion avoids all through holes, feeding holes and short-circuit nail holes of the radiation plate.

[0022] Optionally, the radiation sheet has an angle of 45° with respect to the radiation sheet.

[0023] Optionally, the guide ring is a square frame, and a through hole is provided on the frame corresponding to a position where the medium screw passes through.

[0024] Optionally, the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna further includes: a connector;

[0025] The connector passes through the target location and is connected to the input end of the feed network;

[0026] The output end of the feeding network is electrically connected to the radiating plate through the feeding probe;

[0027] The target position refers to the position on the cavity corresponding to the input end of the feeding network.

[0028] Optionally, the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna further comprises: a plurality of dielectric gaskets;

[0029] Each of the dielectric gaskets is provided with a through hole for the corresponding dielectric screw to pass through;

[0030] Among them, the dielectric gasket among the multiple dielectric gaskets is located between the radiation plate and the cavity, the dielectric gasket is located between the radiation plate and the guide ring, the dielectric gasket is located between the radiation plate and the radiation plate, the dielectric gasket is located between the guide ring and the parasitic plate, and the dielectric gasket is located between the radiation plate and the parasitic plate.

[0031] Optionally, the first portion of dielectric screws passes through the dielectric gasket, the dielectric gasket, the dielectric gasket, the parasitic plate, the radiation plate, and the radiation plate to be fixed to the cavity;

[0032] The second portion of the dielectric screw is fixed to the cavity through the dielectric gasket, the dielectric gasket, the dielectric gasket, the parasitic plate, the guide ring and the radiation plate.

[0033] Optionally, the cavity comprises: a cube and a folded conductive wall extending therefrom;

[0034] The folded conductive wall comprises: a plurality of first walls and a plurality of second walls;

[0035] A plurality of the first walls and a plurality of the second walls are alternately distributed, and there is a preset distance between the two in the vertical direction;

[0036] A vertical gap is formed in the middle of each of the first walls, and multiple protrusions extend from both sides of the gap toward the inside of the cavity. The protrusions are perpendicular to the cover plate, so that multiple vertical grooves are formed on both sides of the gap.

[0037] Optionally, each of the second walls has an angle of 45° with respect to the first wall, and the height of the second wall is smaller than the height of the first wall.

[0038] Optionally, the operating frequency band of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna covers 1.1 GHz to 1.7 GHz, and the -1dBiC beam width is greater than ±60°, and the 5dB axial ratio angle is greater than ±60°.

[0039] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna as described above, the manufacturing method comprising:

[0040] Optimizing the initial sizes of the radiation sheet, the radiation sheet, the parasitic sheet, and the guide ring, the metal gasket, the initial heights of the metal gaskets, and the initial data of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights to obtain a first optimized structure, so that the first optimized structure works in a target resonant frequency band, and the -1dBiC beam width and the axial ratio beam width reach optimal values;

[0041] Based on the first optimized structure, the initial size of the first wall and the initial size of the gap thereof, the initial size of the vertical groove, and the initial size of the second wall are optimized to obtain a second optimized structure, so that the -1dBiC beamwidth and the axial ratio beamwidth of the second optimized structure reach optimal values, and the operating frequency band of the second optimized structure is slightly biased towards the target resonant frequency band;

[0042] Based on the second optimized structure, the radiation plate, the radiation plate, the parasitic plate, the dimensions of the guide ring after the first optimization, the metal gasket, the metal gasket, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights after the first optimization are optimized to obtain a third optimized structure, so that the -1dBiC beamwidth and the axial ratio beamwidth of the third optimized structure reach the optimal values, and the third optimized structure works in the target resonant frequency band;

[0043] Based on the center frequency of the target resonant frequency band, the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, the impedance matching requirements and the feeding point position, the line width and line length of each microstrip line in the feeding network are determined, thereby determining the size of the feeding network of the third optimized structure;

[0044] Determining the size of the cavity based on the size of the feed network;

[0045] Based on the third optimized structure, and the feeding network and cavity of determined size, the wide-beam, broadband, and anti-multipath positioning antenna are installed and fixed according to the connection relationship of any of the wide-beam, broadband, and anti-multipath positioning antennas described above to produce the wide-beam, broadband, and anti-multipath positioning antenna.

[0046] Optionally, the metal gasket, the metal gasket and the short-circuit nail are made of 304 stainless steel;

[0047] The cavity, the radiation sheet, the radiation sheet, and the parasitic sheet are all made of aluminum alloy 2A12;

[0048] The dielectric screws and all dielectric gaskets are made of polyimide YS20 material;

[0049] The feeding probe is made of H62 brass with gold plating.

[0050] The wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna provided by the present invention has a feeding network fixed inside a cavity; short-circuit nail holes are provided at the geometric center positions of the two radiation plates; one end of the first part of the dielectric screws among the plurality of dielectric screws is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate, and the other end passes through the through holes of the two radiation plates and is fixedly connected to the cavity.

[0051] One end of the second part of the dielectric screws in the plurality of dielectric screws is fixedly connected to the parasitic sheet, and the other end passes through the through hole of the guide ring and the through hole of the radiation sheet to be fixedly connected to the cavity. A metal gasket is located between the two radiation sheets; another metal gasket is located between the upper radiation sheet and the parasitic sheet.

[0052] One end of the short-circuit nail is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate, and the other end passes through the short-circuit nail holes of the two metal gaskets and the short-circuit nail holes of the two radiating plates and is fixedly connected to the cavity; each feeding probe is respectively connected to the two radiating plates and the feeding network.

[0053] Among them, there are different preset heights between the two radiation plates, between the lower radiation plate and the guiding ring, between the lower radiation plate and the cavity, between the guiding ring and the parasitic plate, and between the upper radiation plate and the parasitic plate.

[0054] The wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna proposed in the present invention creatively proposes a new radiation patch and a new overall antenna structure design, which can cover all navigation frequency bands. The two radiation patches are designed with a 45° rotation structure to improve the boundary conditions of the 45° azimuth plane in the high frequency band and optimize the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio of the 45° azimuth plane in the high frequency band.

[0055] The first wall of the folded conductive wall of the cavity adopts the structure of slits and vertical slots to improve the anti-multipath capability of the entire antenna. The second wall with a 45° tilt changes the boundary conditions in the 45° direction, thereby improving the 45° axial ratio of the azimuth plane and the 45°-1dBiC beam width of the azimuth plane. In addition, the presence of the guiding ring reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna and effectively widens the -1dBiC beam width.

[0056] The cavity essentially consists of only a cube, a first wall and a second wall. At the same time, there are gaps on the first wall, and holes are opened on the radiation plate, parasitic plate, and metal gasket, which indirectly reduces the weight. The dielectric screws are made of lightweight materials. From an overall point of view, while achieving antenna performance, the mass of the antenna is further reduced, which is conducive to the lightweight of the entire antenna.

[0057] Ultimately, the wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna achieved a -1dBiC beam width greater than ±60° and a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60° in the full frequency band, improving the antenna's anti-multipath capability without increasing the antenna's volume and weight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0059] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0060] Figure 2 A half-section diagram of a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0061] Figure 3 An exploded diagram of a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0062] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred radiation sheet 2 in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0063] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred radiation sheet 3 in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0064] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a feeding probe 7 in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0065] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred cavity 1 in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0066] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a feed network 9 in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0067] Fig. 9 FIG. 1 shows an impedance diagram of the feeding network 9 in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0069] The wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna of the embodiment of the present invention has a core architecture that is not only applicable to GNSS antennas, but is also applicable to all antennas that use microstrip antennas, are required to cover all navigation frequency bands, have a -1dBiC beam width greater than ±60°, and a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60°, and have anti-multipath capabilities.

[0070] The wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna of the embodiment of the present invention refers to Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 2 As shown in the half-section diagram, it includes: multiple feeding probes 7, multiple dielectric screws 9, short-circuit nails 10, metal gaskets 15, metal gaskets 16, and a cavity 1, a feeding network 6, a radiation plate 2, a radiation plate 3, a guide ring 5, and a parasitic plate 4 distributed from bottom to top. It should be noted that the specific shapes of the components in all the drawings of the present invention are examples for better illustrating the structure of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna proposed by the present invention, and do not mean that it can only be this shape or this structure. Based on the components and their connection relationships disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can obtain a wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna structure of any shape or structure through simple reasoning.

[0071] The feeding network 6 is fixed on the upper part of the cavity 1, that is, fixed inside the cavity 1; the radiation sheet 2 and the radiation sheet 3 are each provided with a plurality of through holes and a plurality of feeding holes, and a short-circuit nail hole is provided at the geometric center of each for installing the short-circuit nail 10. Specifically: one end of the short-circuit nail 10 is fixedly connected to the parasitic sheet 4, and the other end passes through the short-circuit nail hole of the metal gasket 15, the short-circuit nail hole of the metal gasket 16, the short-circuit nail hole of the radiation sheet 3, and the short-circuit nail hole of the radiation sheet 2 and is fixedly connected to the cavity 1.

[0072] One end of the first part of the multiple dielectric screws 9 is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate 4, and the other end passes through the through hole of the radiation plate 3 and the through hole of the radiation plate 2 to be fixedly connected to the cavity 1; while one end of the second part of the dielectric screws is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate 4, and the other end passes through the through hole of the guide ring 5 and the through hole of the radiation plate 2 to be fixedly connected to the cavity 1.

[0073] The metal gasket 15 is located between the radiation plate 3 and the radiation plate 2 ; the metal gasket 16 is located between the radiation plate 3 and the parasitic plate 4 .

[0074] One end of the plurality of feeding probes 7 is fixedly connected to the radiation plate 3 , and the other end passes through the through hole of the radiation plate 3 and the feeding hole of the radiation plate 2 and is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the feeding network 6 .

[0075] From the accompanying drawings, it can be seen that there is a first preset height between the radiation plate 2 and the cavity 1, a second preset height between the radiation plate 2 and the guide ring 5, a third preset height between the radiation plate 2 and the radiation plate 3, a fourth preset height between the guide ring 5 and the parasitic plate 4, and a fifth preset height between the radiation plate 3 and the parasitic plate 4.

[0076] As a preferred way to fix the feeding probe 7 to the radiation plates 2 and 3, the feeding probe 7 includes: a rod body and a nut 8; threads are provided on the top and the middle of the rod body, the middle part of the feeding probe 7 is threadedly fixed to the threaded feeding hole at the corresponding position of the radiation plate 2, and a through hole (without thread) is drilled in the radiation plate 3 corresponding to the position where the feeding probe 7 passes through, and is fixed by the nut 8.

[0077] In order to realize the above fixing structure, a first protrusion is provided below the top thread of the rod body, and a second protrusion is provided above the middle thread of the rod body; when the feeding probe 7 is fixed to the radiation sheet 2, the radiation sheet 2 is located below the second protrusion. The first protrusion is a circular body; the second protrusion is a hexagonal body, which increases the tightening torque and is conducive to the connection reliability between the feeding probe 7 and the two radiation sheets. Figure 6 The schematic structural diagram of a preferred feeding probe 7 shown can intuitively understand the structure.

[0078] The above structure is combined with Figure 3 The exploded diagram of the wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna shown can be better understood. Figure 3 The left view shows the exploded structure from the side, and the right view shows the exploded structure from the top. Figure 1 , 3 8 dielectric screws 9 and one short-circuit nail 10 are shown as examples. A thread is provided at the bottom of each dielectric screw 9 for fixing to the cavity 1; and the short-circuit nail 10 passes through the short-circuit nail hole at the geometric center of the radiation plates 2, 3 and the parasitic plate 4. Both the dielectric screw 9 and the short-circuit nail 10 can enhance the overall structural strength of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna, and the short-circuit nail 10 and the two metal gaskets can also suppress the generation of some high-order modes.

[0079] The main function of the dielectric screw 9 is to make the reliability of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna meet the requirements, so the number can be determined according to the actual situation. If one dielectric screw 9 can make the reliability of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna meet the requirements, then only one dielectric screw 9 is needed, which indirectly reduces the overall mass of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna, which is conducive to the requirements of miniaturization and lightweight.

[0080] In addition, the wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna further includes: a connector 19; the connector 19 passes through the target position and is connected to the input end of the feed network 6; the output end of the feed network 6 is electrically connected to the radiation pieces 2 and 3 through the feeding structure (substantially through the feeding probe 7); wherein the target position refers to the position on the cavity 1 corresponding to the input end of the feed network 6. The parasitic piece 4 and the radiation piece are coupled for feeding.

[0081] The radiation sheet 2 has a plurality of holes. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a preferred radiation sheet 2 is shown, Figure 4 The left side of the figure is a front view of the radiation sheet 2, and the right side of the figure is a back view thereof. Figure 4 A plurality of holes are shown as an example, corresponding to the positions where the dielectric screws, short-circuit nails and feeding probes pass through respectively. A square-shaped protrusion is provided on the back of the radiation sheet 2, that is, the side facing the feeding network 6; the position of the square-shaped protrusion avoids all through holes, feeding holes and short-circuit nail holes on the radiation sheet 2. The reason for providing the square-shaped protrusion is that the threaded hole processing of the radiation sheet 2 is prone to deviation, resulting in stress between the feeding probe 7 and the feeding network 6. Therefore, adding a square-shaped protrusion on the back of the radiation sheet 2 can effectively suppress deformation, thereby reducing stress.

[0082] In order to improve the boundary conditions of the 45° azimuth plane in the high frequency band and optimize the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio of the 45° azimuth plane in the high frequency band, it is creatively proposed that the radiation sheet 3 has a 45° angle with respect to the radiation sheet 2. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a preferred radiation sheet 3 is shown, Figure 5 The left side of the figure is a front view of the radiation sheet 3, and the right side view thereof.

[0083] Take the case where both radiators 2 and 3 are square radiators: the four corners of radiator 3 are not located at the same vertical position as the four corners of radiator 2, but there is a 45° angle between the two. This can well improve the boundary conditions of the 45° azimuth plane in the high-frequency band and optimize the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio of the 45° azimuth plane in the high-frequency band. Figure 1 , 3 4) dielectric screws 9 are shown as an example in the figure, passing through the radiation plate 3, so the radiation plate 3 has fewer holes than the radiation plate 2.

[0084] In order to further increase the -1dBiC beam width to ±60°, a guiding ring 5 is creatively proposed, which is a square frame. Through holes are provided on the frame of the guiding ring 5 corresponding to the positions where the medium screws 9 pass through.

[0085] The presence of the dielectric screw 9, in addition to installation and fixing, can also make the radiation plate 2 and the cavity 1 have a first preset height, the radiation plate 2 and the guide ring 5 have a second preset height, the radiation plate 2 and the radiation plate 3 have a third preset height, the guide ring 5 and the parasitic plate 4 have a fourth preset height, and the radiation plate 3 and the parasitic plate 4 have a fifth preset height. Considering the parallelism requirements of several, a better way is to add a dielectric gasket. The wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna also includes: multiple dielectric gaskets.

[0086] Each dielectric gasket is provided with a through hole for the corresponding dielectric screw 9 to pass through. Among the dielectric gaskets, dielectric gasket 11 is located between the radiation plate 2 and the cavity 1, dielectric gasket 12 is located between the radiation plate 2 and the guide ring 5, dielectric gasket 13 is located between the radiation plate 2 and the radiation plate 3, dielectric gasket 14 is located between the guide ring 5 and the parasitic plate 4, and dielectric gasket 18 is located between the radiation plate 3 and the parasitic plate 4.

[0087] Based on the above-mentioned dielectric gasket, the first part of the dielectric screws passes through the dielectric gasket 11, the dielectric gasket 13, the dielectric gasket 18, the parasitic plate 4, the radiation plate 3 and the radiation plate 2 to be fixed to the cavity 1; and the second part of the dielectric screws passes through the dielectric gasket 11, the dielectric gasket 12, the dielectric gasket 14, the parasitic plate 4, the guide ring 5 and the radiation plate 2 to be fixed to the cavity 1.

[0088] The cavity 1 includes: a cube and a folded conductive wall extending therefrom; a feed network 6 is fixed inside the cavity 1; the cube is perpendicular to the cover plate 17, and the folded conductive wall extending therefrom is naturally perpendicular to the cover plate 17. It should be noted that the cover plate 17 is not a part of the cavity 1, but is actually a separate cover plate. After the feed network 6 is assembled to the cavity 1, the cover plate 17 can be buckled. In addition, it can be understood that the cavity 1 can also include mounting feet for mounting the entire antenna.

[0089] Reference Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the cavity 1 is shown, Figure 7 The left side of the figure is a front view of the cavity 1, and the right side view thereof. Figure 7 Multiple holes are shown as an example, corresponding to all the holes (through holes, short-circuit nail holes and feeding holes) of the radiation plate 2, and the holes shown in the four corners are mounting feet.

[0090] The folded conductive wall includes: a plurality of first walls and a plurality of second walls; the plurality of first walls and the plurality of second walls are alternately distributed, and there is a preset distance between the two in the vertical direction; a vertical gap 20 is opened in the middle part of each first wall, and a plurality of protruding structures 21 extend from both sides of the gap 20 toward the inside of the cavity 1, and the protruding structures 21 are perpendicular to the cover plate 17, so that a plurality of vertical grooves are formed on both sides of the gap 20.

[0091] The structure of the first wall is to increase the anti-multipath capability of the wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna, and the 45° inclined wall changes the boundary conditions in the 45° direction to improve the 45° axial ratio of the azimuth plane and the 45°-1dBiC beam width of the azimuth plane. Therefore, each second wall has a 45° angle relative to the first wall, and the height of the second wall is less than the height of the first wall.

[0092] Through the above fixing method, each component of the entire wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna is firmly installed, has a certain impact resistance, and will not be damaged by a small impact force.

[0093] The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna proposed in the present invention, when applied to a GNSS antenna, can cover a working frequency band of 1.1GHz to 1.7GHz, and the -1dBiC beam width is greater than ±60°, and the 5dB axis ratio angle is greater than ±60°. That is, the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna proposed in the present invention is not only miniaturized and lightweight, but also covers all current navigation frequency bands, and also ensures that the -1dBiC beam width is greater than ±60°, and the 5dB axis ratio angle is greater than ±60°, and has extremely high practicality.

[0094] Based on the structural innovation of the above-mentioned wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna, the present invention also proposes a method for manufacturing a wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna as described above. Since the diameters of the short-circuit nail 10, the dielectric screw 9 and the dielectric gasket (if any) have no effect on the antenna, they only need to meet the engineering design requirements. The diameters of the metal gasket and the dielectric gasket (if any) have no effect on the antenna performance, but the height (the height of the metal gasket and the first, second, third, fourth and fifth preset heights) affect the resonant frequency of the antenna. And the resonant frequency of the antenna is mainly affected by the size and height of the radiation plates 2, 3, the guide ring 5 and the parasitic plate 4, and the antenna-1dBiC beam width and the antenna axial ratio beam width are mainly affected by the cavity 1 (the first wall and the second wall) and the guide ring 5.

[0095] Based on the above theory, the production method includes:

[0096] Step S1: Optimize the initial dimensions of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, and the guide ring 5, the initial heights of the metal gasket 15 and the metal gasket 16, and the initial data of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights to obtain a first optimized structure, so that the first optimized structure operates in the target resonant frequency band, and the -1dBiC beam width and the axial ratio beam width reach optimal values.

[0097] Generally, for the design of antennas, simulation software is first used as the basis, and the relationship between the size and structure of each component is input for simulation testing. After the design requirements are met, the corresponding components are made with the obtained size and then installed and fixed to obtain the antenna required by the design. Based on this theory, the antenna needs to be operated in the target resonant frequency band first. For example, the target resonant frequency band is 1.1GHz to 1.7GHz. Then, the initial size of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, and the guide ring 5, the initial height of the metal gasket 15 and the metal gasket 16, and the initial data of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights are optimized (if there is a dielectric gasket, the initial height of the dielectric gasket is optimized) to obtain the first optimized structure, so that the first optimized structure works at 1.1GHz to 1.7GHz. A better simulation test software may be HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator, a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software launched by Ansoft). HFSS may be used to optimize the initial dimensions of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, and the guide ring 5, the initial heights of the metal gasket 15 and the metal gasket 16, and the initial data of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights.

[0098] Through the first optimization, the sizes of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, and the guide ring 5, the heights of the metal gasket 15 and the metal gasket 16, and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights are roughly determined.

[0099] In addition, the wide beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna may have high-order modes, some of which have lobes, which will affect the rotational symmetry of the antenna beam. The metal gasket 15, the metal gasket 16, and the short-circuit nail 10 are used to suppress the generation of some high-order modes. If there are dielectric gaskets 11, 12, 13, 14, and 18, they are mainly used to make the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, and the guide ring 5 parallel to the upper surface of the cavity 1 to reduce the deviation caused by the engineering.

[0100] Step S2: Based on the first optimized structure, the initial size of the first wall and the initial size of the gap thereof, the initial size of the vertical groove, and the initial size of the second wall are optimized to obtain a second optimized structure, so that the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio beam width of the second optimized structure reach optimal values, and the operating frequency band of the second optimized structure is slightly biased towards the target resonant frequency band.

[0101] After obtaining the first optimized structure, the second optimized structure is obtained by optimizing the initial size of the first wall and the initial size of its gap, the initial size of the vertical groove, and the initial size of the second wall, so that the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio beam width of the second optimized structure can reach the optimal value.

[0102] As can be seen from the previous description, the structure of the folded conductive wall improves the anti-multipath capability of the antenna. Its size has little effect on the resonant frequency, but has a greater effect on the -1dBiC beamwidth and the axial ratio beamwidth. The structural dimensions of the first wall, the gap, and the vertical slot are determined according to the optimal values ​​of the -1dBiC beamwidth and the axial ratio beamwidth through the HFSS electromagnetic simulation software. The 45° inclined second wall is mainly used to change the boundary conditions in the 45° direction and has no effect on the resonant frequency. The 45° inclined second wall is determined according to the 45° axial ratio of the azimuth plane and the optimal value of the 45°-1dBiC beamwidth of the azimuth plane through the HFSS electromagnetic simulation software.

[0103] Due to the characteristics of the antenna itself, in addition to affecting the antenna resonant frequency, the sizes of radiating plates 2 and 3 have a great influence on the antenna -1dBiC beam width and the antenna axial ratio beam width. Their sizes make the antenna resonant frequency smaller when the antenna beam width is larger, and the antenna resonant frequency larger when the antenna beam width is smaller. Therefore, the sizes of radiating plates 2 and 3 need to be adjusted by compromising the antenna beam width and the resonant frequency.

[0104] When the -1dBiC beamwidth and the axial ratio beamwidth reach the optimal values, the resonant frequency of the antenna shifts, that is, the operating frequency band of the second optimized structure is slightly biased towards the target resonant frequency band, so a third optimization is required.

[0105] Step S3: Based on the second optimized structure, the dimensions of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, and the guide ring 5 after the first optimization, the metal gasket 15, the metal gasket 16, and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights after the first optimization are optimized to obtain a third optimized structure, so that the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio beam width of the third optimized structure reach the optimal values, and the third optimized structure operates in the target resonant frequency band.

[0106] Since the square frame at the bottom of the radiation sheet 2 is mainly used to suppress the deformation caused during its processing, which in turn affects the assembly of the feeding probe 7 and the feeding network 6, the size of the square frame has no effect on the antenna performance and only needs to meet the rationality of the engineering design. The diameter of the feeding probe 7 has only a small effect on the antenna resonant frequency and has no effect on the radiation characteristics. The space below the cavity 1 is designed according to the size of the feeding network 6 and does not affect the antenna radiation characteristics. After the size of the cavity 1 is determined, the change in the antenna resonant frequency is only the frequency shift caused by the impedance mismatch.

[0107] Therefore, the working frequency band based on the second optimized structure is slightly biased towards the target resonant frequency band, and it is necessary to use HFSS simulation test again to optimize the dimensions of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, the parasitic plate 4, the guide ring 5 after the first optimization, the metal gasket 15, the metal gasket 16, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth preset heights after the first optimization, so that the optimized structure resonates to 1.1GHz~1.7GHz, and the -1dBiC beam width is greater than ±60°, and the 5dB axial ratio angle is greater than ±60°.

[0108] Step S4: Based on the center frequency of the target resonant frequency band, the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, the impedance matching requirements and the feeding point position, the line width and line length of each microstrip line in the feeding network 6 are determined, and then the size of the feeding network 6 of the third optimized structure is determined.

[0109] The third optimization structure determines the final size of each component. The most critical size of the feed network 6 is the line width and line length of each microstrip line. The method for determining the impedance, line width and line length of the feed network 6 includes:

[0110] First, determine the center frequency of the feeding network 6 (determined based on the target frequency band); then determine the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric plate (can be determined by conventional means); finally, match the input port and output port impedance to 50Ω.

[0111] With the initial values ​​of 50Ω impedance, line width and line length, after optimization through HFSS simulation test, the line width and line length of each microstrip line can be obtained according to the center frequency, the thickness of the dielectric plate, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, the input impedance, the output impedance and the feeding point position (i.e., the position where the feeding probe 6 is connected to the feeding network 9).

[0112] Take the cavity 1, the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3, and the parasitic plate 4 as examples: they are all made of aluminum alloy 2A12; the feeding network 2 is made of Rogers RO4350B plate (thickness is 0.762mm, dielectric constant is 3.66); the metal gasket 15, the metal gasket 16, and the short-circuit nail 4 are made of 304 stainless steel, the dielectric screw 9, and all dielectric gaskets are made of polyimide YS20 material; the feeding probe is made of H62 brass gold-plated: Assume that the center frequency of the feeding network 9 is set at 1.4GHz, the sweep frequency range is: 1.1GHz ~ 1.7GHz, combined with Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the structure of the feed network 9 shown in FIG. Fig. 9 From the impedance diagram of the feed network 9 shown, it can be seen that:

[0113] The input signal of port 1 is divided into four paths through the Wilkins power divider. The resistor R is an absorption resistor, which increases the isolation of the port and reduces the cross polarization of the antenna. The two signals output by the Wilkins power divider produce a phase difference of 180° through a 180° phase shifter. The two signals are then divided into four signals of 180° and 360° through the Wilkins power divider. After passing through 90° phase shifters, four signals with phase differences of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° can be generated.

[0114] The impedance values, line widths and line lengths of the feed network 9 are:

[0115] λg=126.741mm;

[0116] Z1 = 70.71Ω, microstrip line width 0.86mm;

[0117] Z2 = 63Ω, microstrip line width 1.08mm;

[0118] Z3 = 81Ω, microstrip line width 0.63mm;

[0119] Z0=Z4=50Ω, microstrip line width is 1.63mm.

[0120] The above values ​​are set as initial values, where the length corresponding to the impedance is determined by the position of the feeding probe. After optimization through HFSS simulation test, the actual line width and line length of each section of microstrip line are obtained according to the index requirements and the position of the feeding point.

[0121] The above process of determining the actual line width and line length of each section of microstrip line can be implemented by referring to conventional technology and will not be elaborated in detail.

[0122] Step S7: Determine the size of the cavity 1 based on the size of the feeding network 6;

[0123] Step S8: Based on the third optimized structure, and the feeding network 6 and the cavity 1 of determined size, the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna is installed and fixed according to the connection relationship of any of the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antennas described above to obtain a wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna.

[0124] After the HFSS simulation test is completed, based on the dimensions of each component in the third optimized structure, and the determined dimensions of the feeding network 6 and the cavity 1, the installation, fixing, and connection relationships of the wide-beam, broadband, and anti-multipath positioning antenna are followed by installation and fixing to produce a wide-beam, broadband, and anti-multipath positioning antenna, which not only widens the working bandwidth, but also widens the 1dBiC beam width of the wide-beam, broadband, and anti-multipath positioning antenna.

[0125] In summary, the present invention creatively proposes a new radiation patch and a new overall antenna structure design, which can cover all navigation frequency bands. The two radiation patches adopt a 45° rotated structure design to improve the boundary conditions of the 45° azimuth plane in the high frequency band and optimize the -1dBiC beam width and axial ratio of the 45° azimuth plane in the high frequency band.

[0126] The folded conductive wall of the cavity adopts the structure of slits and vertical slots in the first wall to improve the anti-multipath capability of the entire antenna. The second wall with a 45° tilt changes the boundary conditions in the 45° direction, thereby improving the 45° axial ratio of the azimuth plane and the 45°-1dBiC beam width of the azimuth plane. In addition, the presence of the guiding ring reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna and effectively widens the -1dBiC beam width.

[0127] The cavity essentially consists of only a cube, a first wall and a second wall. At the same time, there are gaps on the first wall, and holes are opened on the radiation plate, parasitic plate, and metal gasket, which indirectly reduces the weight. The dielectric screws are made of lightweight materials. From an overall point of view, while achieving antenna performance, the mass of the antenna is further reduced, which is conducive to the lightweight of the entire antenna.

[0128] In addition, through the reasonable design of the radiation plate 2, the radiation plate 3 and the feeding probe 7, direct feeding of the stack is achieved. This method not only reduces the problem of large contact resistance caused by the traditional structure, but also simplifies the difficulty of installation.

[0129] Ultimately, the wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna achieved a -1dBiC beam width greater than ±60° and a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60° in the full frequency band, improving the antenna's anti-multipath capability without increasing the antenna's volume and weight.

[0130] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process or method including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process or method.

[0131] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna, characterized in that: The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna comprises: a plurality of feeding probes (7), a plurality of dielectric screws (9), a short-circuit nail (10), a first metal gasket (15), a second metal gasket (16), and a cavity (1), a feeding network (6), a first radiation plate (2), a second radiation plate (3), a guide ring (5), and a parasitic plate (4) arranged from bottom to top; The feeding network (6) is fixed inside the cavity (1); the cavity (1) comprises: a cube and a folded conductive wall extending therefrom; the folded conductive wall comprises: a plurality of first walls and a plurality of second walls; A plurality of the first walls and a plurality of the second walls are alternately distributed, and a preset distance is provided between the two in the vertical direction; a vertical slit is provided in the middle of each of the first walls, and a plurality of protruding structures extend from both sides of the slit toward the interior of the cavity (1), and the protruding structures are perpendicular to the cover plate (17), so that a plurality of vertical grooves are formed on each side of the slit; Each of the second walls has an angle of 45° with respect to the first wall, and the height of the second wall is less than the height of the first wall; A short-circuit nail hole is provided at the geometric center position of each of the first radiation sheet (2) and the second radiation sheet (3); the second radiation sheet (3) has an angle of 45° with respect to the first radiation sheet (2); One end of the first part of the dielectric screws among the plurality of dielectric screws (9) is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate (4), and the other end thereof passes through the through hole of the second radiation plate (3) and the through hole of the first radiation plate (2) to be fixedly connected to the cavity (1); One end of the second part of the dielectric screws among the plurality of dielectric screws (9) is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate (4), and the other end passes through the through hole of the guide ring (5) and the through hole of the first radiation plate (2) and is fixedly connected to the cavity (1); The first metal gasket (15) is located between the second radiation plate (3) and the first radiation plate (2); the second metal gasket (16) is located between the second radiation plate (3) and the parasitic plate (4); One end of the short-circuit nail (10) is fixedly connected to the parasitic plate (4), and the other end passes through the short-circuit nail hole of the first metal gasket (15), the short-circuit nail hole of the second metal gasket (16), the short-circuit nail hole of the second radiation plate (3), and the short-circuit nail hole of the first radiation plate (2) to be fixedly connected to the cavity (1); One end of each feeding probe (7) is fixedly connected to the second radiating plate (3), and the other end passes through the through hole of the second radiating plate (3), the feeding hole of the first radiating plate (2), and is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the feeding network (6); There is a first preset height between the first radiation sheet (2) and the cavity (1), there is a second preset height between the first radiation sheet (2) and the guide ring (5), there is a third preset height between the first radiation sheet (2) and the second radiation sheet (3), there is a fourth preset height between the guide ring (5) and the parasitic sheet (4), and there is a fifth preset height between the second radiation sheet (3) and the parasitic sheet (4).

2. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding probe (7) comprises: a rod body and a nut (8); The top and middle of the rod body are provided with threads, the middle of the feeding probe (7) is threadedly fixed to a threaded feeding hole at a corresponding position of the first radiating plate (2), and the second radiating plate (3) is provided with a through hole corresponding to the position through which the feeding probe (7) passes, and is fixed by the nut (8).

3. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first protrusion is provided below the top thread of the rod body, and a second protrusion is provided above the middle thread of the rod body; When the feeding probe (7) is fixed to the first radiation plate (2), the first radiation plate (2) is located below the second protrusion.

4. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first protrusion is a circular body; the second protrusion is a hexagonal body.

5. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A square frame-shaped protrusion is provided on a side of the first radiation sheet (2) facing the feeding network (6); The position of the square frame-shaped protrusion avoids all through holes, feeding holes and short-circuit nail holes on the first radiation sheet (2).

6. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide ring (5) is a square frame, and a through hole is provided on the frame corresponding to the position through which the medium screw (9) passes.

7. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna also includes: a connector (19); The connector (19) passes through the target location and is connected to the input end of the feeding network (6); The output end of the feeding network (6) is electrically connected to the first radiating plate (2) and the second radiating plate (3) via the feeding probe (7); The target position refers to the position on the cavity (1) corresponding to the input end of the feeding network.

8. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna also includes: a plurality of dielectric gaskets; Each of the dielectric gaskets is provided with a through hole for a corresponding dielectric screw (9) to pass through; Among the plurality of dielectric gaskets, the first dielectric gasket (11) is located between the first radiation plate (2) and the cavity (1), the second dielectric gasket (12) is located between the first radiation plate (2) and the guide ring (5), the third dielectric gasket (13) is located between the first radiation plate (2) and the second radiation plate (3), the fourth dielectric gasket (14) is located between the guide ring (5) and the parasitic plate (4), and the fifth dielectric gasket (18) is located between the second radiation plate (3) and the parasitic plate (4).

9. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first portion of dielectric screws passes through the first dielectric gasket (11), the third dielectric gasket (13), the fifth dielectric gasket (18), the parasitic plate (4), the second radiation plate (3) and the first radiation plate (2) and is fixed to the cavity (1); The second portion of the dielectric screw passes through the first dielectric gasket (11), the second dielectric gasket (12), the fourth dielectric gasket (14), the parasitic plate (4), the guide ring (5) and the first radiation plate (2) and is fixed to the cavity (1).

10. The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna has an operating frequency band covering 1.1 GHz to 1.7 GHz, and a -1dBiC beam width greater than ±60° and a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60°.

11. A method for manufacturing a wide-beam, broadband, anti-multipath positioning antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The production method comprises: Optimizing the initial dimensions of the first radiation plate (2), the second radiation plate (3), the parasitic plate (4), and the guide ring (5), the initial heights of the first metal gasket (15) and the second metal gasket (16), and the initial data of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights to obtain a first optimized structure, so that the first optimized structure operates in a target resonant frequency band, and the -1 dBiC beam width and the axial ratio beam width reach optimal values; Based on the first optimized structure, the initial size of the first wall and the initial size of the gap thereof, the initial size of the vertical groove, and the initial size of the second wall are optimized to obtain a second optimized structure, so that the -1 dBiC beamwidth and the axial ratio beamwidth of the second optimized structure reach optimal values, and the operating frequency band of the second optimized structure is offset relative to the target resonant frequency band; Based on the second optimized structure, the dimensions of the first radiating plate (2), the second radiating plate (3), the parasitic plate (4), and the guide ring (5) after the first optimization, the first metal gasket (15), the second metal gasket (16), and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset heights after the first optimization are optimized to obtain a third optimized structure, so that the -1 dBiC beam width and the axial ratio beam width of the third optimized structure reach optimal values, and the third optimized structure operates in the target resonant frequency band; Based on the center frequency of the target resonant frequency band, the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, the impedance matching requirements and the feeding point position, the line width and line length of each section of the microstrip line in the feeding network (6) are determined, thereby determining the size of the feeding network (6) of the third optimized structure; Determining the size of the cavity (1) based on the size of the feeding network (6); Based on the third optimized structure, and the feeding network (6) and the cavity (1) of determined size, the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna is installed and fixed according to the connection relationship of any one of claims 1 to 10 to obtain the wide-beam broadband anti-multipath positioning antenna.

12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first metal gasket (15), the second metal gasket (16), and the short-circuit nail (10) are made of 304 stainless steel; The cavity (1), the first radiation sheet (2), the second radiation sheet (3), and the parasitic sheet (4) are all made of aluminum alloy 2A12 material; The medium screw (9) is made of polyimide YS20 material; The feeding probe is made of H62 brass with gold plating.

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