A bolt and a shield tunnel model integrated with internal force monitoring and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a bolt and a shield tunnel model integrated with bolt internal force monitoring, which comprises a fastening bolt column provided with an axial force meter on an upper end, a protective shell provided outside the axial force meter, a data connection line penetrating through one side of the protective shell, a fastening nut provided on a lower end of the fastening bolt column, and a plurality of groups of pipe piece models fixedly connected through the fastening bolt column and the fastening nut; and a manufacturing method comprises the following steps: step one, model size structure design; step two, pipe piece model casting; step three, bolt and axial force meter integration design; and step four, pipe piece model assembly forming; the fastening bolt column connected with the axial force meter is designed to install the pipe piece model, and a plurality of groups of pipe piece models are spliced to form the shield tunnel model; on one hand, the difficulty in manufacturing the pipe joint scale-down tunnel model is solved, and on the other hand, the problem that the internal force of the scale-down bolt cannot be monitored is solved; the test model is closer to the engineering practice, and the analysis result is more comprehensive and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shield tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a shield tunnel model and manufacturing method that integrates bolt and internal force monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunnels are slender, flexible underground structures formed by connecting lining segments with transverse and longitudinal bolts. However, in current calculations, analyses, and model tests, shield tunnels are mostly simplified into homogeneous ring models. Since the flexible connection of the bolt joints is not considered, the stiffness of the tunnel structure is greatly increased, and the stress concentration at the joint connection cannot be reflected. In particular, for the many sharp curve spatial tunnels that are currently being built, there will inevitably be a large stress concentration in the sharp curve section, which is a key detail that the homogeneous ring model cannot consider.

[0003] Meanwhile, as the structural model is scaled down, the tunnel structural model also becomes correspondingly smaller, making structural model fabrication difficult. Bolt sizes also decrease accordingly, sometimes making accurate simulation impossible. This leads to the inability to monitor bolt internal forces during model tests, affecting the analysis of the final test results. Therefore, this invention proposes an integrated shield tunnel model and fabrication method for monitoring bolts and their internal forces, to address the problems existing in current model test fabrication and measurement technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to propose an integrated shield tunnel model and manufacturing method for monitoring bolts and their internal forces. This integrated shield tunnel model and manufacturing method for monitoring bolts and their internal forces involves designing a segment model for installing fastening bolt columns connected to an axial force gauge, and then assembling multiple segments to form a shield tunnel model. This solves the difficulties in manufacturing scaled-down tunnel models and also addresses the challenge of monitoring the internal forces of scaled-down bolts. It allows the experimental model to be closer to actual engineering conditions, and the analysis results to be more comprehensive and accurate.

[0005] Furthermore, the calculation and prediction system can obtain the model's simulation data and predict the types of defects that may occur while conducting experimental simulations. It can also output corresponding handling measures by combining big data from the Internet, which can effectively prevent accidents from occurring during actual construction.

[0006] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solution is provided: a shield tunnel model integrating bolts and their internal force monitoring, comprising a segment model and internal force monitoring bolts. Each internal force monitoring bolt includes a fastening bolt post, an axial force gauge, a protective housing, a data connection line, and a fastening nut. An axial force gauge is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the fastening bolt post, and a protective housing is installed on the outside of the axial force gauge. A data connection line runs through one side of the protective housing. A fastening nut is threadedly fitted to the lower end of the fastening bolt post. Multiple segments are provided, and these segments are fixedly connected and assembled using the fastening bolt posts and fastening nuts to form a shield tunnel model. Multiple axial force gauges are connected to a calculation and prediction system via the data connection line. The calculation and prediction system includes a calculation module and a prediction output module. The calculation module is used to organize and process the data acquired by the axial force gauges, and the prediction output module is used to predict the condition based on the data calculation results and output corresponding prevention and control measures.

[0007] A further improvement is that: the inner wall of the segment model has symmetrically distributed inner grooves, and through screw holes are opened in the inner grooves near the four sides of the segment model. The inner grooves and through screw holes are distributed at equal intervals, and the fastening bolts are set through the through screw holes to fix the spliced ​​multiple sets of segment models.

[0008] A further improvement is that: an axial force gauge gasket is fitted on the side of the fastening bolt near the axial force gauge, and the axial force gauge gasket is embedded in the protective housing; a nut gasket is fitted on the side of the fastening bolt near the fastening nut; the data connection line passes through the side wall of the protective housing and is electrically connected to the axial force gauge; the other end of the data connection line is electrically connected to an external monitoring device for data transmission.

[0009] Further improvements are made in that: the calculation module includes a data processing module and a data discrimination module. The data processing module is used to process and classify the data obtained by the axial force gauge according to the position of the axial force gauge in the model. The data discrimination module is used to determine whether there are stiffness defects in the data obtained by the axial force gauge of the model after proportionally reducing the building strength after actual construction.

[0010] Further improvements are made in that: the prediction output module includes a prediction display module and a measure generation module. The prediction display module is used to predict and display the defects and hazards that exist in actual construction based on the data judgment results of the axial force gauge in the model. The measure generation module obtains the corresponding reinforcement measures based on the stiffness defects through the Internet.

[0011] A method for fabricating a shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Determine the similarity ratio of the test based on the test conditions, requirements, and objectives. Then, determine the size and structure of the model and the number of segments to be assembled in the tube segment model based on the geometric similarity ratio.

[0013] Step 2: Cast solid segment models according to the number and dimensions of the segment models in Step 1, and reserve through bolt holes;

[0014] Step 3: Determine the force on the fastening bolt column based on calculation and analysis, and thereby determine the size, material and range of the axial force gauge of the fastening bolt column, and design and customize the internal force monitoring bolt based on the data;

[0015] Step 4: Assemble the multiple sets of tunnel segment models cast in Step 2, and fasten them by passing the internal force monitoring bolts from Step 3 through the reserved through bolt holes to form a refined structural model simulating a real shield tunnel for model testing.

[0016] The further improvement lies in the fact that the type of concrete used for pouring in step two is the same as that used in the actual shield tunnel, and the steel reinforcement skeleton structure and steel reinforcement material are also the same, with the steel reinforcement skeleton scaled down according to a similarity ratio.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention designs a segment model for mounting a fastening bolt column connected to an axial force gauge, and splices multiple segments to form a shield tunnel model. On the one hand, it solves the difficulty in making a scaled-down tunnel model, and on the other hand, it solves the problem of not being able to monitor the internal force of the scaled-down bolts. This makes the test model closer to the actual engineering situation and the analysis results more comprehensive and accurate.

[0018] Furthermore, the calculation and prediction system can obtain the model's simulation data and predict the types of defects that may occur while conducting experimental simulations. It can also output corresponding handling measures by combining big data from the Internet, which can effectively prevent accidents from occurring during actual construction. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the assembled segment model of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the assembly of a single-unit segment model according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal force monitoring bolt in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0023] The components include: 1. Segment model; 2. Fastening bolt post; 3. Axis force gauge; 4. Protective housing; 5. Data connection cable; 6. Fastening nut; 7. Inner groove; 8. Through bolt hole; 9. Axis force gauge gasket; 10. Nut gasket. Implementation

[0024] To enhance understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0025] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a shield tunnel model integrating bolts and their internal force monitoring, including a segment model 1 and an internal force monitoring bolt. The internal force monitoring bolt includes a fastening bolt post 2, an axial force gauge 3, a protective shell 4, a data connection line 5, and a fastening nut 6. An axial force gauge 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the fastening bolt post 2, and a protective shell 4 is installed on the outside of the axial force gauge 3. A data connection line 5 is installed through one side of the protective shell 4. A fastening nut 6 is threadedly installed at the lower end of the fastening bolt post 2. Multiple sets of segment models 1 are provided, and multiple sets of segment models 1 are fixedly installed and connected by fastening bolt posts 2 and fastening nuts 6 to form a shield tunnel model.

[0026] The inner wall of the segment model 1 has symmetrically distributed inner grooves 7. Through screw holes 8 are opened in the inner grooves 7 near the four sides of the segment model 1. The inner grooves 7 and through screw holes 8 are distributed at equal intervals. Fastening bolts 2 are set through the through screw holes 8 to fix the spliced ​​multiple sets of segment models.

[0027] An axial force gauge gasket 9 is fitted on the side of the fastening bolt column 2 near the axial force gauge 3. The axial force gauge gasket is embedded in the protective housing. A nut gasket 10 is fitted on the side of the fastening bolt column 2 near the fastening nut 6. The data connection cable 5 passes through the side wall of the protective housing 4 and is electrically connected to the axial force gauge 3. The other end of the data connection cable is electrically connected to an external monitoring device for data transmission. Multiple sets of axial force gauges are connected to the calculation and prediction system through the data connection cable 5. The calculation and prediction system includes a calculation module and a prediction output module. The calculation module is used to organize and process the data acquired by the axial force gauges. The prediction output module is used to predict the situation based on the data calculation and judgment results and output the corresponding prevention and control measures.

[0028] The calculation and prediction system can generate simulation data and predict possible defect types while conducting experimental simulations. It can also output corresponding handling measures by combining big data from the Internet, which can effectively prevent accidents from occurring during actual construction.

[0029] The calculation module includes a data processing module and a data discrimination module. The data processing module is used to organize and classify the data obtained by the axial force gauge according to the position of the axial force gauge in the model. The data discrimination module is used to judge whether there are stiffness defects in the data obtained by the axial force gauge of the model after proportionally reducing the building strength after actual construction.

[0030] The prediction output module includes a prediction display module and a measure generation module. The prediction display module is used to predict and display the defects and hazards that exist in actual construction based on the data judgment results of the axial force gauge in the model. The measure generation module obtains the corresponding reinforcement measures based on the stiffness defects through the Internet. The model's prediction can obtain some situation handling measures in the actual construction process, which greatly shortens the time for defect handling. Example

[0031] according to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for fabricating a shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring, including the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Determine the similarity ratio of the test based on the test conditions, requirements and objectives, and then determine the size and structure of the model and the number of assembled segments of segment model 1 based on the geometric similarity ratio.

[0033] Step 2: Cast solid segment model 1 according to the number and size of segment model 1 in Step 1, and reserve through bolt holes 8;

[0034] The concrete used in the pouring is the same type as that used in the actual shield tunnel, and the steel reinforcement skeleton structure and steel reinforcement material are also the same, with the steel reinforcement skeleton scaled down according to a similarity ratio.

[0035] Step 3: Determine the force on the fastening bolt column 2 based on calculation and analysis, and thereby determine the size, material and range of the axial force gauge 3 of the fastening bolt column 2, and design and customize the internal force monitoring bolt based on the data.

[0036] Step 4: Assemble the multiple sets of tunnel segment models 1 cast in Step 2, and fasten them by passing the internal force monitoring bolts from Step 3 through the reserved through bolt holes 8 to form a refined structural model simulating a real shield tunnel for model testing.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring, characterized in that: The system includes a tunnel segment model (1), internal force monitoring bolts, and a calculation and prediction system. The internal force monitoring bolts include a fastening bolt post (2), an axial force gauge (3), a protective shell (4), a data connection line (5), and a fastening nut (6). The upper end of the fastening bolt post (2) is provided with an axial force gauge (3), the outer side of the axial force gauge (3) is provided with a protective shell (4), and a data connection line (5) is provided through one side of the protective shell (4). The lower end of the fastening bolt post (2) is provided with a fastening nut (6). The tunnel segment model (1) is provided with multiple sets, and the multiple sets of the tunnel segment model (1) are fixedly installed and connected by the fastening bolt post (2) and the fastening nut (6). The multiple sets of the axial force gauges are connected to the calculation and prediction system through the data connection line (5). The calculation and prediction system includes a calculation module and a prediction output module. The calculation module is used to organize and calculate the data obtained by the axial force gauges. The prediction output module is used to predict the condition based on the data calculation and judgment results and output the corresponding prevention and control measures. The calculation module includes a data processing module and a data discrimination module. The data processing module is used to organize and classify the data obtained by the axial force gauge according to the position of the axial force gauge in the model. The data discrimination module is used to judge whether there are stiffness defects in the data obtained by the axial force gauge of the model after proportionally reducing the building strength after actual construction. The prediction output module includes a prediction display module and a measure generation module. The prediction display module is used to predict and display the defects and hazards that exist in actual construction based on the data judgment results of the axial force gauge in the model. The measure generation module obtains the corresponding reinforcement measures based on the stiffness defects through the Internet.

2. The shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the segment model (1) has symmetrically distributed inner grooves (7), and through screw holes (8) are provided in the inner grooves (7) near the four sides of the segment model (1). The inner grooves (7) and through screw holes (8) are distributed at equal intervals, and the fastening bolts (2) are set through the through screw holes (8).

3. The shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: An axial force gauge gasket (9) is fitted on the side of the fastening bolt post (2) near the axial force gauge (3), and a nut gasket (10) is fitted on the side of the fastening bolt post (2) near the fastening nut (6). The data connection line (5) passes through the side wall of the protective shell (4) and is electrically connected to the axial force gauge (3).

4. The method for fabricating a shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the similarity ratio of the test according to the test conditions, requirements and objectives, and then determine the size structure of the model and the number of assembled segments of the tube segment model (1) according to the geometric similarity ratio; Step 2: Cast the solid segment model (1) according to the number and size of the segment model (1) in Step 1, and reserve through bolt holes (8); Step 3: Determine the force on the fastening bolt column (2) based on calculation and analysis, and thereby determine the size, material and range of the axial force gauge (3) of the fastening bolt column (2), and design and customize the internal force monitoring bolt based on the data; Step 4: Assemble the multiple sets of tunnel segment models (1) cast in Step 2, and fasten them by passing the internal force monitoring bolts from Step 3 through the reserved through bolt holes (8) to form a refined structural model simulating a real shield tunnel for model testing.

5. The method for fabricating a shield tunnel model integrating bolt and internal force monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that: The concrete type used in step two is the same as that used in the actual shield tunnel, and the steel reinforcement skeleton structure and steel reinforcement material are also the same, with the steel reinforcement skeleton scaled down according to a similarity ratio.

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