Tailings pond dry beach dust prevention method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of tailing pond environment treatment, and particularly relates to a kind of tailing pond dry beach dustproof method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, straw of corn and other materials is woven into straw screen, and branches or stems of robust herbaceous plants are cut as supporting materials; tailings of a tailing pond are mixed with cementing materials and water to obtain a prefabricated component mixed raw material; the prefabricated component mixed raw material is made into a cylindrical tailings prefabricated component with internal through holes; then, the supporting materials, the straw screen and the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component are sequentially laid on the dry beach of the tailing pond in order, and maintenance is performed. The present application has the advantages of low investment, high construction efficiency and strong practicability. The dustproof material used is simple to make and does not pollute the environment. The present application can not only reduce wind erosion of the dry beach, but also protect the tailings on the dry beach from being blown up, store tailings blown from outside, thereby avoiding secondary flying of the tailings, and achieving good dustproof effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tailings dam environmental management, specifically relating to a method for dust prevention and suppression on dry tailings dam surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings are the slag remaining after ore has undergone beneficiation, crushing, grinding, and other processes to remove useful minerals. Tailings are typically discharged into tailings ponds using either dry or wet methods. A tailings pond is a dammed or enclosed area used to store tailings discharged from metal or non-metal mines after ore beneficiation.

[0003] Dust from tailings ponds is one of the main forms of environmental pollution. Large areas of dry beach surface at tailings ponds generate dust due to wind erosion, severely polluting the surrounding environment. The surface of operating tailings ponds continuously rises with the discharge of tailings, making dust control and suppression work extremely difficult due to the large and constantly changing area of ​​the dry beach surface. Especially in northern regions, to prevent the area near the secondary dam from being affected by freezing, temporary dams are often built upstream of the uppermost secondary dam in winter, and then tailings are discharged upstream within the temporary dam. The large area of ​​dry beach surface formed between the uppermost secondary dam and the temporary dam is exposed for a longer period, resulting in even more severe dust pollution.

[0004] The existing methods for dust suppression on dry tailings pond surfaces mainly include physical dust suppression methods, biological dust suppression methods, and chemical dust suppression methods. Among them, physical dust suppression methods mainly include: (1) water spraying method, which requires frequent water spraying on the dry beach surface to keep it moist. Its equipment investment is large, the operation and maintenance costs are high, the construction efficiency is low, and a large amount of water is consumed; (2) mobile ore discharge method, which requires the use of multiple pipes for ore discharge and timely adjustment of the opening and closing of the ore discharge pipes according to the dryness and wetness of the dry beach surface. Its operation is cumbersome, and the dust suppression effect is affected by many factors such as weather, ore discharge time and discharge volume of the concentrator; (3) dust net covering method, which uses dust nets such as geotextiles to cover the dry beach surface to play a role in dust suppression. Its rigidity is insufficient. When there is no gap between the dust net and the dry beach surface, the dust net line is cut below the dry beach surface and does not play a role in dust suppression. When there is a large gap between the dust net and the dry beach surface, it is easily blown away and torn by the wind. Moreover, it is easily weathered due to sunlight, temperature and other effects, and the weathered part pollutes the environment.

[0005] Therefore, it is essential to develop a dust suppression method for dry tailings ponds that is effective in preventing and suppressing dust, requires less equipment investment, is simple and convenient to operate and maintain, has high construction efficiency, does not consume water, is inexpensive, has a long service life, can prevent secondary tailings from being blown away, does not pollute the environment, is rigid, is weather resistant, and whose dust suppression effect is not affected by season, weather, or the timing and amount of tailings discharged from the concentrator. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for dust control and suppression on dry tailings pond surfaces, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Weave straw curtains;

[0008] Straw is woven into straw curtains using a warp and weft weaving method, or straw curtain machines are used in conjunction with fine threads to weave straw into straw curtains.

[0009] The straw screen has pores between adjacent straws inside;

[0010] The straw is sorghum straw, corn straw, or straw from rice, wheat, or reeds;

[0011] Step 2: Prepare supporting materials;

[0012] Cut branches or stalks of robust herbaceous plants, such as corn stalks with some leaves removed or sunflower stalks, are used as support materials to support the straw curtain.

[0013] Step 3: Prepare prefabricated cylindrical tailings components; specifically described as follows:

[0014] Step 3.1: Using tailings from the tailings pond as aggregate, mix with cementitious materials and water to obtain precast component mixed raw materials.

[0015] Furthermore, the cementing material is cement or cement combined with one or more of lime, gypsum, and water glass.

[0016] Furthermore, admixtures may be added to the raw materials of the precast components, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, and other pozzolanic materials.

[0017] Furthermore, admixtures with early strength, rapid setting, and waterproofing properties can be added to the raw materials of precast components.

[0018] Step 3.2: The precast component mixed raw materials are made into cylindrical tailings precast component blanks with internal through holes. The cross-section of the cylindrical tailings precast component blanks is triangular, rectangular, cylindrical or polygonal.

[0019] Step 3.3: Curing the precast cylindrical tailings component blanks to obtain precast cylindrical tailings components with through holes;

[0020] Step 4: Lay the support materials, straw screens, and prefabricated cylindrical tailings components in sequence on the dry beach of the tailings dam; specifically:

[0021] Step 4.1: Evenly lay the support material on the dry beach surface. The density of the support material should ensure that the straw curtain is effectively separated from the dry beach surface.

[0022] Step 4.2: Lay the straw curtain on the supporting material, overlapping the joints of adjacent straw curtains;

[0023] Step 4.3: Place multiple cylindrical tailings prefabricated components on the surface of the straw curtain, at the connection point of adjacent straw curtains, and on the edge of the straw curtain that coincides with the edge of the dry beach of the tailings dam, and make the through holes of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated components perpendicular to the straw curtain.

[0024] When placing precast cylindrical tailings components, one or more precast cylindrical tailings components with different cross-sectional shapes are combined and placed.

[0025] Step 5: Dust control and suppression maintenance on the dry beach surface of the tailings dam.

[0026] This invention provides a method for dust control and suppression on dry tailings pond surfaces. Compared to traditional physical dust control and suppression methods, its advantages are as follows:

[0027] (1) This invention uses the cooperation of three structures, namely straw curtain, supporting material and cylindrical tailings prefabricated component, to cover the dry beach of the tailings pond in sequence. This not only greatly reduces the wind erosion of the dry beach of the tailings pond, but also has a good dust suppression effect on the dry beach of the tailings pond. The straw curtain can protect the tailings on the dry beach from being blown away, and can also let the tailings blown from other places through the gaps between the adjacent straws in the straw curtain to the dry beach, thereby avoiding the secondary flying of tailings. The supporting material can effectively separate the straw curtain and the dry beach, thereby further reducing the wind speed on the dry beach and reducing the possibility of tailings on the dry beach being exposed outside the straw curtain. The cylindrical tailings prefabricated component can not only firmly press down the straw curtain and supporting material to prevent them from being blown away and damaged by the wind, but also weaken the wind force and wind momentum on the dry beach.

[0028] (2) The tailings dam dry beach dust suppression method adopted in this invention does not consume water, is easy to operate, and its dust suppression effect is not affected by factors such as weather, ore discharge time and discharge volume of the concentrator.

[0029] (3) The straw screen, support material and cylindrical tailings prefabricated components used in this invention are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, have a long service life and do not pollute the environment.

[0030] (4) The present invention is highly practical. During the laying construction, only the supporting materials, straw curtain and cylindrical tailings prefabricated components need to be laid sequentially on the dry beach of the tailings pond, which has high construction efficiency.

[0031] (5) This invention does not require frequent maintenance during use and maintenance operations are simple and easy to perform. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the dry beach structure of a tailings dam using the present invention for dust prevention and suppression;

[0033] Figure 2This is a sectional view of section AA;

[0034] Among them: 1-Straw screen; 2-Fine line; 3-Straw; 4-Tree branch; 5-Stem of robust herbaceous plant; 6-Cylindrical tailings prefabricated component; 7-Dry beach surface of tailings dam. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0036] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for dust control and suppression on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Weave a straw fence 1;

[0038] Straw 3 is woven into straw curtain 1 using a warp and weft weaving method, or straw curtain machine is used in conjunction with fine thread 2 to weave straw 3 into straw curtain 1;

[0039] The straw 3 is sorghum straw, corn straw, or straw from rice, wheat, or reeds;

[0040] The straw curtain 1 has pores between adjacent straws 3 inside, which allows tailings particles blown from other places to easily fall into the dry beach surface through the pores and prevent secondary flying.

[0041] In this embodiment, the straw 3 can be woven into a straw curtain 1 by manual means in a crisscross pattern, or the straw curtain 3 can be woven into a straw curtain 1 by a straw curtain machine. When the straw curtain 1 is woven from sorghum straw, the total area of ​​the pores between the sorghum straws is 40% of the total area of ​​the straw curtain 3. When the straw curtain 1 is woven from corn straw, the total area of ​​the pores between the corn straws is 50% of the total area of ​​the straw curtain 1.

[0042] Step 2: Prepare supporting materials;

[0043] Cut branches 4 or prepare stalks 5 of robust herbaceous plants, such as corn stalks or sunflower stalks with some leaves removed, as support materials. The support materials are used to support the straw curtain 1 so that the straw curtain 1 and the dry beach surface 7 of the tailings dam can be effectively separated.

[0044] Step 3: Prepare cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6; specifically described as follows:

[0045] Step 3.1: Using tailings from the tailings pond as aggregate, mix with cementitious materials and water to obtain precast component mixed raw materials;

[0046] In this embodiment, a mixing ratio of cementitious material: aggregate: water = 1:5.5:0.51 is used. The aggregate, cementitious material, and water are thoroughly mixed and stirred to obtain the precast component mixed raw material.

[0047] Furthermore, the cementing material is cement or cement and one or more of lime, gypsum, and water glass added at the same time. The cementing material is used to react with water, thereby improving the strength of the cylindrical tailings precast component 6.

[0048] Furthermore, admixtures can be added to the precast component mixture. The admixtures are volcanic ash materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume. The amount of admixture added is within 20% of the mass of the cementitious material, and it replaces the cementitious material in equal amounts to keep the total mass of the precast component mixture unchanged. That is, by reducing the amount of cementitious material, the durability of the cylindrical tailings precast component 6 is improved.

[0049] Furthermore, admixtures with early strength, rapid setting, and waterproofing properties can be added to the precast component mixture. The amount of admixture added is within 5% of the total mass of the precast component mixture. The admixture is used to improve the early strength, setting and hardening speed, and waterproofing of the cylindrical tailings precast component 6.

[0050] Step 3.2: The precast component mixed raw materials are made into cylindrical tailings precast component blanks with internal through holes. The cross-section of the cylindrical tailings precast component blanks is triangular, rectangular, cylindrical or polygonal.

[0051] In this embodiment, the same method as concrete block pressing or the same method as hollow brick blank extrusion molding is used to make precast component mixed raw materials into cylindrical tailings precast component blanks with through holes.

[0052] Step 3.3: Curing the precast cylindrical tailings component blanks to obtain precast cylindrical tailings components 6 with through holes;

[0053] In this embodiment, the cylindrical tailings precast component blank is cured by natural curing to obtain a cylindrical tailings precast component 6 with through holes.

[0054] Step 4: Lay the supporting materials, straw curtain 1, and cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6 on the dry beach surface 7 of the tailings dam in sequence; specifically:

[0055] Step 4.1: Evenly place the support material on the entire dry beach surface 7 of the tailings dam. The placement density of the support material should ensure effective separation between the straw curtain 1 and the dry beach surface 7 of the tailings dam.

[0056] Step 4.2: Lay the straw curtain 1 on the supporting material, overlapping the joints of adjacent straw curtains 1;

[0057] In this embodiment, the main straw 3 of the laid straw curtain 1 is arranged perpendicular to the main wind direction. If it is a valley-type tailings dam, it is parallel to the direction of the sub-dam and perpendicular to the direction of the valley mouth.

[0058] Step 4.3: Place multiple cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6 on the surface of the straw curtain 1, at the connection of adjacent straw curtains 1, and on the edge of the straw curtain 1 that coincides with the edge of the dry beach surface 7 of the tailings pond, and make the through holes of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6 perpendicular to the straw curtain 1.

[0059] When placing the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6, one or more cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6 with different cross-sectional shapes are used in combination.

[0060] In this embodiment, the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6, while serving to press down the straw curtain 1, can also change the speed and direction of the wind on the dry beach surface 7 of the tailings pond due to its different cross-sectional shapes, thus blocking the wind flow and consuming wind energy. The density of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6 is high on the periphery and low on the interior of the dry beach surface 7 of the entire tailings pond.

[0061] The through holes of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6 can store tailings blown in from the outside. The cylindrical wall of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6 can prevent the tailings in the through holes from being blown away by the wind, thus preventing the tailings from being thrown into the air again and polluting the environment.

[0062] Step 5: Dust control and suppression maintenance on the dry beach surface of the tailings dam;

[0063] In this embodiment, the maintenance specifically involves periodically checking the gap between the straw curtain 1 and the dry tailings pond surface 7, and the tailings deposition height within the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6. When the gap between the straw curtain 1 and the dry tailings pond surface 7 is less than 2mm and / or the tailings deposition height within the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6 is greater than 60% of the total height of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6, the supporting material, along with the straw curtain 1 and the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6, is lifted and then lowered repeatedly to allow the tailings deposited within the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6 and the tailings remaining in the straw curtain 1 to leak onto the bottom of the dry tailings pond surface 7. The placement density and position of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated component 6 can be increased, decreased, and adjusted according to the amount of tailings deposited at various points on the dry tailings pond surface 7 and the firmness of the straw curtain 1.

[0064] Damaged straw curtains 1 and cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6 should be replaced in a timely manner. The supporting materials, straw curtains 1 and cylindrical tailings prefabricated components 6 that are laid in stages on the dry beach surface 7 of the tailings pond for dust suppression and prevention should be classified and transported away for reuse or stored in a safe location for the next use after use.

[0065] The above description is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention using the disclosed methods are all within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for dust prevention and suppression on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Weave straw curtains; Straw is woven into straw curtains using a warp and weft weaving method, or straw curtain machines are used in conjunction with fine threads to weave straw into straw curtains. The straw screen has pores between adjacent straws inside; Step 2: Prepare supporting materials; Cut branches or stalks of robust herbaceous plants are used as support materials to support the straw curtain; Step 3: Prepare prefabricated cylindrical tailings components; specifically described as follows: Step 3.1: Using tailings from the tailings pond as aggregate, mix with cementitious materials and water to obtain precast component mixed raw materials; Step 3.2: The precast component mixed raw materials are made into a cylindrical tailings precast component blank with internal through holes. The cross-section of the cylindrical tailings precast component blank is triangular, rectangular, or cylindrical. Step 3.3: Curing the precast cylindrical tailings component blanks to obtain precast cylindrical tailings components with through holes; Step 4: Lay the support materials, straw screens, and prefabricated cylindrical tailings components in sequence on the dry beach of the tailings dam; specifically: Step 4.1: Evenly place the support material on the dry beach surface of the tailings dam. The density of the support material should ensure that the straw curtain is effectively separated from the dry beach surface. Step 4.2: Lay the straw curtain on the supporting material, overlapping the joints of adjacent straw curtains; Step 4.3: Place multiple cylindrical tailings prefabricated components on the surface of the straw curtain, at the connection point of adjacent straw curtains, and on the edge of the straw curtain that coincides with the edge of the dry beach of the tailings dam, and make the through holes of the cylindrical tailings prefabricated components perpendicular to the straw curtain. Step 5: Dust control and suppression maintenance on the dry beach surface of the tailings dam.

2. The method for dust suppression and prevention on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cementing material mentioned in step 3.1 is one or more of cement, lime, gypsum, and water glass added at the same time.

3. The method for dust control and suppression on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Add admixtures to the precast component mixture raw materials described in step 3.

1.

4. The method for dust suppression and prevention on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam according to claim 3, characterized in that, Additives are added to the precast component mixture in step 3.

1.

5. The method for dust suppression and prevention on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4.3, when placing the precast cylindrical tailings components, one or more precast cylindrical tailings components with different cross-sectional shapes are combined and placed.

6. The method for dust prevention and suppression on the dry beach surface of a tailings dam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The straw mentioned in step 1 is sorghum straw, corn straw, or straw from rice, wheat, or reeds.

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